I-Animal desman yisilwane esiyivelakancane futhi esimangalisayo esihlala eRussia futhi sibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu. Kungokomndeni womndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo.

Intokazi yaseRussia

Iningi labachwepheshe lihlukanisa umuntu okuthiwa yi-mole, kodwa kukhona labo abaletha emndenini ohlukile. Njengamanje, endle, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-muskrat: yi-Russian muskrat noma i-muskrat (lat. Desmana moschata) nePyrenean muskrat (lat. Galemys pyrenaicus). Abantu babiza i-muskrat yamanzi imvukuzane, ngekhono layo elihle ukubhukuda nokuntywila, kanye nokwenza iminki ende ngaphansi komhlaba.

Lapho kuhlala khona lowo mfowethu

Lesi silwane sihlala eduze nemifula ngenkambo yokuzilibazisa, yokujula okuncane. Uthanda ibhishi elinesihlabathi esiphansi nehlathi eliseduze. Indawo ye-muskrat ihlukaniswe kakhulu, ihlanganiswe kakhulu eduze kwemifula iDon, Volga, ne-Dnieper. Kutholakala futhi emfuleni i-Ural eSiberia. Emigodini yeminye imifula, ubuningi be-desman buncane kakhulu.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-muskrat?

Ukubonakala kwalesi silwane kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Isigaxa esincane esidlulile sendlu, amadevu amade nemilenze emilente emihlanu enezikhumba nezindala eziqinile, umsila onamandla osicaba. Ukuvela konke komuntu ofunayo kukhuluma ngempilo yayo yasemanzini.

I-desman yisilwane esincane futhi esiyivelakancane.

Umzimba wokwakheka okuhlanganisiwe onezindlebe ezincane namehlo embozwe ngengubo emanzi engenamanzi, futhi ulwelwesi emilenzeni lusiza isilwane ukuthi singagcini ngokumba imishini ngaphansi komhlaba, kodwa futhi sibhukude kahle futhi ngokushesha futhi singene shí ekufuneni ukudla.

Umuntu okhubazekile osemdala akavamisile ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50 ubude, umsila wakhe usendaweni eyihafu. Inesisindo mayelana nekhilogremu.

Isakhiwo esithandeka kakhulu uboya besilwane. Izinwele zoWoolen ezansi ziphansi zizacile uma ziphezulu, ezihlinzeka ngomzimba ukufakwa okuphezulu kokushisa nokuqina koboya. Ngombala: emuva, uboya bumnyama futhi buba nombala onsundu noma ompunga, kanti isisu sinombala onsundu.

Couple ngaphambi kokudala umndeni

Ukuziqhenya okuthile komuntu ofayo ngumsila. Iyindilinga, yinde futhi icindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini. Umsila walesi silwane wenza imisebenzi eminingana ngasikhathi sinye. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda nokuntywila, kuthatha indawo yesondo eliqondisa, futhi ngenkathi esishisayo kulawula ukuhanjiswa kokushisa komzimba wonke.

Ngokungafani nomzimba, umsila wembeswe ngezikali ezi-horny, kanti ngaphezulu kukhona umucu wezinwele ezinzima, ezisebenza njenge-keel. Ngaphansi komsila kukhona nezindlala “ezinephunga”. Ideski libhukuda kahle ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomsila onamandla nemilenze yangemuva. Ama-Forelegs amafushane futhi acishe angabandakanywa ukubhukuda. Ngakho-ke, lapho ebhukuda, icindezela imilenze yakhe yangaphambili esifubeni sakhe.

Isigaxa eside esikhala ekhaleni sivumela i-desman, ngenkathi ibhukuda futhi idonsa, ukudonsela umoya omningi emaphashini ngaphandle kokuvela nomzimba wonke ebusweni. Futhi ama-valve emakhalenda angajwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo esikhethekile sosawoti asikuvumeli amanzi ukungena umphimbo wokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokudla ezansi komfula. Njengazo zonke izimvukuzane, lowo muntu unenkinga yokungaboni kahle, kepha unephunga elihle nokuthinta.

Imikhuba kanye yokuphila yokuphila desman

Idesile isilwane esisebenza kanzima. Yize indawo ehlala kuyo enkulu ingamanzi, yakha izingqunga zayo ngaphansi kwamanzi emhlabathini. Yebo, akekho. Imvamisa, umuntu ochithekile une-mink eyodwa eyinhloko, lapho igumbi lezidleke likhona, kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa zokuphumula, zesikhashana, lapho isilwane siphumula khona bese somile ngemuva kokuzingela kwamanzi.

Imvamisa i-desman ihlala ema-minks ayo ngawodwana noma emindenini emincane, futhi ebusika kuphela kuze kufike kwabangu-12 abantu bobulili obuhlukile nobudala abakwazi ukuqoqa nobusika ku-mink eyodwa. Amakamelo amakhulu athunyelwa ngotshani namaqabunga, futhi imisele ebunjiwe “enephunga” iholela kule yesikhashana.

Ngabe udlani udlani?

Naphezu kwesisindo sayo esiphansi, i-desman idla okuningi. I-desman ingenye yezilwane ezinkulu ezingavikeleki emhlabeni. Idla izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, gazinga, kanye nama-leeches. Lapho ihamba ngomsele, isilwane sidedela umoya oqoqiwe bese kuthi kube namaqamuzana amancane emanzini. Njengoba amanzi lapha egcwele i-oksijini ngokwengeziwe, izinambuzane ngokwazo zithambekele lapha ukubeka izibungu. Ngakho-ke umuntu oqoqayo angaqoqa nje futhi azidle.

Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kweqhwa, umqaphi uvame ukukhukhulula imink, ngakho-ke izilwane kufanele zisheshe zifune ezinye izindawo zokusinda. Futhi ehlobo elomile, lapho umfula ukhula umncane, nawo awakho amanzi, futhi aphoqelekile ukuba afune enye indawo yokuhlala.

Izitha muskrat emvelweni

I-Desman ihamba kancane futhi kabi emhlabeni, ngakho-ke inezitha eziningi. Lezi yizimpungushe, ama-otter, ama-ferrets, amakati asendle nezinja, futhi amakhayithi ahlasela kuwo. Emhlabeni, akhethwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, futhi kuhla uzamcolo wesikhukhula.

Lapho-ke, kuzwakala imisindo emnandi yemisikriki yabesifazane nokuxoxa kwabesilisa kuyo yonke indawo. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa baba nokulwa ngenxa yabesifazane. Abesifazane bavame ukuletha udoti amahlandla ama-2 ngonyaka: ekuqaleni kwehlobo nasekwindla. Kuze kube ngu-5 amawundlu azalwa ngesikhathi kanti owesilisa uhlala nomndeni wakhe, onogada futhi osiza ukukhulisa izingane.

Namuhla, lo mfelokazi uyalulama ezindaweni zemvelo nasezindaweni ezingcwele ukuze lolu hlobo lwazo lungashabalali emhlabeni wethu.

I-desman iyamangaza kakhulu futhi ayifani nanoma yisiphi isilwane. Futhi uyazi ukuthi kunenyoni ebukeka njengedayinaso kunezinyoni nje. Ufuna ukwazi ngaye? Ngemuva kwalokho funda le ndatshana.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Habitat

Idesile, futhi ungumsizi noma umane nje ungumuntu othanda iRussia - uhlobo lwesifo, okungukuthi, uhlala endaweni emincane.

Kakhulu eRussia (izifunda zemifula i-Ural, iDon neDnieper, endaweni ephezulu yeVolga), kepha nakwezinye izingxenye ze-USSR yangaphambili - eKazakhstan nase-Ukraine.

Isilwane esifana ama-otter futhi beavers, uhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, uncamela amadamu avaliwe.

Kubalulekile!Kukhona nolunye uhlobo lwesilwane - umfantu wasePyrenean, ovame eSpain, ePortugal naseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga yeFrance. Cishe siphindwe kabili nesigamu kunesichilo saseRussia futhi sinomsila oyindilinga obonakalayo.

Lokhu yilokho uPyrenees umfo we-Russian waterfowl shrew abukeka njengayo

Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwesilwane esijabulisayo senziwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18. Kusukela ngo-1986, lo muntu ogama lakhe lifakwe kuhlu olubhalwe encwadini ebomvu.

Ubukhulu besilwane esincanyana esinciphile siyaqhubeka sincipha. Cishe namhlanje inani labantu baseRussia Khokhuli lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-35.

Ukuphikisana nokubalwa yile ndaba yokuthi kwezinye izindawo inani lezilwane seliyekile ukubhekwa.

Imbangela eyinhloko yokuqothulwa ngumsebenzi womuntu. Lokhu kuholele ku-:

• Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
• ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokudonswa kwamanzi okunisela komhlaba wezolimo,
• ukudoba amanetha nezinye izinto.

Kuyathakazelisa!Umdwebi uboniswa ohlolweni lwemali olu-ruble olu-1 ochungechungeni lweRed Book.

Izinhlobo zeDesman manje zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa

Isimilo

I-muskrat yisilwane esinezimbali. Okusho ukuthi, kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni ezingashintshile esikhathini eside sokuvela kwemvelo.

Ukuchazwa kokubukeka kwesilokotho samanzi sanamuhla kuhlukile kokhokho baso abade. Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-Ukraine abekhona eMhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-30 futhi ngaphambili azinza cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu.

Okusho ukuthi, kungokoqobo - okwenziwa ngesikhathi sezilwane ezincelisayo, ezingachaza nje ukubukeka kwesilwane okungajwayelekile futhi okuhlekisayo: kufana nokuthi akusikho kule nkathi. Ngokwalolu phawu, umuntu ohlanganyelwe useduze ne-echidna noma iqhude lasendulo le-hatteria, elisekhona nanamuhla.

Idesile ihlala kumaminki endaweni eyodwa ephumayo, ivulwa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ubude bomgodi owodwa bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu futhi butholakala ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi.

Ngaphakathi, kuvame ukuba nezandiso ezimbalwa. Ebusika, zingaphezu kwe-10 izilwane ezihlala emgodini owodwa. Ehlobo bahlala emibhangqwaneni, imindeni, abanye bodwa.

Lona umhlaba oncelisayo, kepha kuphela ngokusemthethweni: le ngane ichitha ingxenye yempilo yayo emanzini. Ukuhamba ngasese nokungaxhamazeli - lezi yimigomo esemqoka yempilo yalesi sakhamuzi semifula namabhange aso

Kuyahlekisa ukuthi ngaphandle kwale ndawo yokuhlala ebusika “yomphakathi,” omunye nomunye womakhelwane unewakhe lesikhashana. Zonke zixhunywe ngamaphasi angaphansi kwamanzi amamitha angama-25-30 ubude.

Kunoma ikuphi, ngokuqala kwezikhukhula, izindunduma zigcwele amanzi, futhi izilwane zibalekela ngemibhobho yesikhashana ezingxenyeni ezingasakhiwe zogu, noma zikhuphuke emagatsheni ezihlahla emi emanzini.

Kuyathakazelisa!I-desman kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- "blind submariner", echaza kahle indlela yokuphila yalesi silwane. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola isithombe esihle sikaKhokhuli: uhlala efihla noma ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Ukubukeka

Ungasibiza lesi silwane ukuthi sihle, kepha sihle. Uvame ukubizwa isilwane esijabulisayo kunazo zonke saseRussia.

Nazi izici eziphambili zesilwane esincane esinyisayo, esingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi imvukuzane yamanzi:

1. Ikhala lisesimweni sesigaxa.
2. IVibrissae (izimpondo) yinde kakhulu.
3. Umsila mkhulu, umbozwe yizikali ezi-horny futhi ushintsha ukwakheka kwawo amahlandla amaningi ngobude bawo bonke - uyakhula izinkontileka, bese kuthi ukuqina (izicubu ezinamakha zitholakale lapho kuqina khona).
4. Umdondoshiya uhamba ngezinyawo ezimfishane, futhi izinyawo ezingemuva zikhulu ngokubonakalayo futhi zibanzi kakhulu kunangaphambili.
5. Phakathi kweminwe kuya kuzipho kunama-membranes asiza umiskrat ukubhukuda.
6. Ubovu bukhulu futhi buthambile, okunamafutha athembekile.

Iphuzu lokugcina libaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kufanele ubhukude ebusika.

Ikhala, njengesiqu, lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunelincane, cishe akukho lutho olubonayo

Izici Key

Lesi sakhamizi semifula nezindawo ezisogwini ziyimfihlo kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uvame ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, kunzima ukubona ngamehlo akhe.

Ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukwenza incazelo yokuqashelwa kusuka ngaphandle. Ukusuka ngaphansi kwamanzi, umzingeli womfula ubonakala kuphela ukuthi adonse umoya emaphashini futhi ungene futhi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwawo ngokusebenzisa ama-bubble air, manje bese kuvela phezulu kwamanzi.

Kulesi sithombe, umuntu ofayo ubukeka njengesilwane esiyimpumputhe. Eqinisweni, kunjalo, ngoba amehlo akhe ayisiyaluyalu, futhi ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu.

Naphezu kokungaboni ngamehlo aphelele, uKhokhula wazi kahle esikhaleni ngenxa yokubamba nokuhogela okuhle, futhi ungumzingeli we-chic.

Kuyiqiniso, ulungile kuphela ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngoba emhlabeni, maye, imvukuzane yokubhukuda ende ibukeka imbi kakhulu futhi icishe ingasizakali.

Ngakho-ke, kuphuma emanzini kuphela lapho kunesidingo ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezidalwa eziningi ezidla lubi ngaphezu kwamanzi nasemhlabeni, ngakho-ke indlela yokuphila engaphansi kwamanzi nayo ingukhiye wesikhathi sayo eside.

Uboya bezilwane obuthakazelayo. Ngokwesakhiwo sayo, yehlukile kukho konke ezincelisayo banamuhla. Lokhu akunakubonwa esithombeni, kepha izinwele zikhuphulela ngasekupheleni, nasezimpandeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zincishisiwe.

Uboya obunjalo ngokuphelele abuvumeli umoya ungene. Ngalesi sizathu, izimuncagazi zivame ukuhlala kuso - amabhungane ezinsizakalo ezisebenzisa i-oksijini etholakala eboyeni impilo ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Kwakungenxa yoboya lapho izinhlobo zezilwane ezazake zabekwa khona ezinqothulweni zokuqothula - zazibaluleke nangaphezu kovalo I-Arctic fox.

Eqinisweni, uboya kuphela ubonakala umanzi ukusuka ohlangothini - kumane kuyifilimu emincane, lapho yomile futhi ifudumele

Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, lesi sakhamuzi esingaphansi kwamanzi asihlali ebusika: umsebenzi uhlala usezingeni elifanayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinyangeni zasebusika umsebenzi wokukhulisa isizukulwane esisha samawundlu usushunqa ngokuphelele. Ngendlela, iphinda futhi ehlobo.

Kuyathakazelisa!Igama "Khokhul" livela kwisenzo esidala "sniff," okungukuthi, "ukunuka." Lokhu kungenxa yephunga le-musk elivezwa ngumsila we-scaly we-desman.

Umsoco

Idesmond idla okuningi - kuze kufike ivolumu elilingana nesisindo salo ngosuku! Isilwane singumzingeli omuhle kakhulu, yize singaboni.

Amadevu amade we-vibrissa ungumthombo oyinhloko wezimpawu ezingenayo ezivela emhlabeni wangaphandle mayelana nokuhamba kwezisulu ezinamandla okubandakanya.

Uhlobo luhlelwe njengento engavikeleki, kepha uma uzijwayeza ukudla kuyacebile kakhulu. Ehlobo, u-Khokhul udla i-leeches, izinambuzane zasemfuleni, ama-gastropods.

Ebusika, ukwazile ukubamba izinhlanzi ezincane nokushintshela kokuthile ekudleni kwemifino.

Ukuthola ukudla, lo mzingeli we-shaggy utadisha ngokucophelela phansi kwedamu ngekhala lakhe elimangalisayo futhi abambe isixha ngezidladla zakhe. Inyamazane ilethwa emgodini noma endaweni ephephile lapho ukuzingela kufakwa khona isidlo.

Isisulu esihle isimbaza somfula. Kepha kumane kungukudla okulula

Amanzi agxila ngokwawo ngokuvamile aba yizisulu zezinyamazane ezinkulu: i-ferrets, izimpungushe kanye ne-ermines, futhi nezinyoni ezinjenge kite, ukhozi lwegolide noma umswakama.

Uhlu lwezitha eziyingozi zamanzi amancane ahamba kahle. Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ayikho kwizinyamazane, kodwa ezilwaneni ezifana muskrat noma Mink.

Baxosha umuntu okhubazekile endaweni yabo yemvelo.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokukhwelana e-desman siqala ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zasentwasahlobo.

Abantu abavuthiwe (abacishe babe nezinyanga eziyi-11) bakha ngababili ngesikhathi lapho beshiya izingcingo ezigcwala amanzi.

Lezi zinsuku, ukuthula emabhange omfula kuphulwa ngokuhlokoma kwezinsikazi kanye nemisindo enomsindo eyenziwe ngabesifazane. Izimpi ezinzima phakathi kwabesilisa zivame ukubakhona.

Imibhangqwana iyakha ngesikhathi senhlekelele eyenzeka emhlabeni wonke - izikhukhula zezindawo ezihlala abantu

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50. Owesifazane oyedwa ubeletha kungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 amawundlu. Kwenzeka nakancane.

Izingane zincishwe izinwele, ngaphezu kwalokho azimpumputhe futhi azisizi ngalutho. Badinga ukuvikelwa, okuyilapho umama enza khona isidleke sezitshalo ezingezansi.

Amacube anesisindo esingama-3 g futhi akhula emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu nomswakama omangalisayo. Izinhlobo zeMuskrat ngoMeyi-Juni nangoNovemba-Disemba.

Abesilisa bahlala eduze nesiboshwa. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4, izingane ziba ngabantu abadala futhi zizimele ngokuphelele.

Kuyathakazelisa!Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, insikazi iyakwazi ukuthutha amawundlu iye kwenye i-mink ngemuva kwayo.

Ubudlelwano nomuntu

Njengoba sekushiwo, umnikelo oyinhloko wabantu kule nhlobo ukubhujiswa kwako. Kwake kwenzeka, abantu base-Ukraine baba uhlobo lokuthengisa.

Imbangela kwakungu-musk, kuvikelwa izindlala emsileni wezilwane ezincelisayo. Kuze kube ngekhulu le-XVII, lesi sici sahlala ukuphela kwaso, sibonga ukuthi lesi silwane siqothulwe ngokungenamusa.

Kamuva, kwenezelwa uboya obuyigugu kuyo, okwakubaluleke kakhulu kunezinwele zekhanda. Kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1940 kwaba nokuvinjwa ukukhishwa kwezilwane.

Lokhu kuvunyelwe ukwandisa inani labantu. Ukusuka ngo-1940 kuye ku-1957, ukudoba kwaqhubeka, kwaphinde kwavinjwa futhi. Manje sase sikwazi ukubamba ama-Ukraine kuphela ngenhloso yokwakhiwa kabusha.

Umuntu uye waba yimbangela eyinhloko yokuqothulwa kwalesi silwane esidalwa kabusha, futhi namuhla izazi zezilwane zenza umzamo omkhulu wokuyigcina

Umsebenzi omningi wenziwe ngale ndlela. Idesmond yahlaliswa ezindaweni lapho yayingakaze ibe khona ngaphambili. Kudalwe izindawo zokugcina nezinqolobane.

Namuhla, ukusebenzela ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezingandile kuyaqhubeka.

Iningi le-Russia litholakala ezindaweni:

• Isifunda saseKursk
• I-smolensk
• I-Bryansk
• Tambov
• Ivanovo
• Kostroma
• I-Yaroslavl
• Izifunda zeVladimir.

Inani eliphezulu labantu (cishe izinkulungwane ezimbili) lihlala endaweni yesifunda saseKurgan.ESiberia, inani lezinhlobo eminyakeni yamuva lehle lafika emazingeni abucayi.

Ayikho imininingwane ethile kokuqukethwe kwe-desman ekhaya.

Lokhu akunzima ukuyiqonda ngokuchazwa kwendlela yokuphila yezilwane ezincelisayo: idinga ukudla okuningi, i-microclimate ekhethekile, indawo lapho ungamba khona umgodi omkhulu noma umsele, kanye nedamu.

Isithombe esinjalo siyi-rarity. Ukusola kwendlela yokuphila yokucashela kanye nethuba eliphansi lokuhlangana nommeleli walesi zinhlobo ngokwemvelo

Kepha ekuthunjweni, isilwane sisaluswa - amapaki wezilwane anolwazi olunjalo.

Lapho, isilinganiso seminyaka yezilwane siyakhuphuka uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezihlala endle isikhathi esingangonyaka.

Ngakho-ke, akunakukhulunywa ngakho konke okuqukethwe ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu efulethini ledolobha.

Namuhla, ososayensi banomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu: umsebenzi wokugcina umuntu oshonile ezindaweni zemvelo.

Uma ungenzi yonke imizamo engenzeka, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, izingane zizofunda ngaleli-waterfowl elihlekisayo kusuka kumadokhumenti nezithombe ezimbalwa ezingatholakala kwiWebhu.

IVykhuhol: Umhlali ohlala emfuleni ongaziwa kakhulu

Umuntukazana ungenye yezinhlobo eziyinqaba nezingaqondakali zezilwane, ezisondele ekuqothulweni. Izithombe zesimanje zalesi silwane ngokwemvelo zingaba zokugcina, uma ungenzi imizamo yokulondoloza ukubukeka okumangazayo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ngenxa yobudala bezinhlobo, ukuthola ngokunembile imvelaphi yayo kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Okhokho be-muskrat kwakuyizilwane ezincane ezingavikeleki, okuthi, phakathi nenqubo ethile, zithole ukubukeka nemikhuba efana nezilwane zanamuhla. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akukwazanga ukuyishintsha kakhulu i-muskrat, ngakho-ke namuhla sikubona kufana nezilwane ezincelisayo futhi cishe bonke okhokho bomuntu banamuhla bakubona. Izihlobo ezisondelene zedenmark yaseRussia ziyimvukuzane yesimanje, okuyi-desman enezici eziningi ezifanayo ku-anatomy kanye ne-biology.

Umuntu ofanelekile ukhetha ukuhlala emachibini athulile emiseleni azimbela yona. Imisindvo ihlotshiswe kakhulu bese iya emaphethelweni amanzi. Emabeleni, lowo ochitha isikhathi esiningi ufihla izitha zakhe, u-incl. kusuka kumuntu. Isilwane siyakwazi ukubhukuda ngokuphelele, sinomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga nokuthinta. Umzimba omncane umbozwe izinwele ezinohlonze, okuthi isilwane sicubungule ubisi besikhumba se-musk. Ngenxa yalokhu, uboya buthola ikhono elingaphenduki lamanzi, kepha ngasikhathi sinikeza i-desman iphunga elinamandla elingathandeki.

IKhokhul idla ama crustaceans amancane, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane nezitshalo zasemanzini. Isilwane asenzi ukubekelela ubusika futhi asihambisani nesikhathi, okuholela ekuziphatheni okusebenzayo unyaka wonke. Ngenxa yalesi simo esingajwayelekile, umuntu obalekayo akakwazi ukwandisa amabanga akhe aye enyakatho - kunzima isilwane ukubekezelela ubusika obubandayo.

Incazelo ye-muskrat

Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa komuntu yiduna ende esifana nesiqu, esinamathambo ngocingo phakathi kweminwe, umsila onamandla, ombozwe izikali ezinzima zama-coarse, lesi silwane esisebenzisa njengesigelekeqe. Isidumbu sowesilisa waseRussia (Khokhuli) senziwe umugqa futhi kungathi senzelwe impilo yasemhlabeni nasemanzini, isisu sesilwane esimhlophe, isemuva kumnyama.

Umbala walesi silwane usenza singafani nemvelo yasemanzini.. Ijazi likhulu kakhulu futhi alisho manzi, njengoba lesi silwane sihlala sigcwalisa umusk, okhiqizwa kusetshenziswa indlala ekhethekile. Uma umbala womuntu evumela imaski, iphunga elinamandla livame ukukhipha.

Kuyathakazelisa! Umbono wenkosazana ubuthakathaka kakhulu, kepha awudlali endlwini yokuphila kwabo, ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kudonswa ngamandla cishe kucishe kuzwakale ngokuphelele ngomqondo wokuhogela.

Ukuzwa kulesi silwane kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, kepha kusenezici ezithile.Kungenzeka angayizwa imisindo enkulu, njengabantu abakhulumayo, kodwa uphendula ngokushesha kwizimbangi ezincane, amagatsha aqhekezayo noma ukuqhekeka kwamanzi. Ososayensi bachaza lesi sici ngezimo zokuphila.

Indlela yokuphila

Lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yasemhlabeni yasemhlabeni.. Indoda yaseRussia ikhetha izindawo zokuhlala endaweni ethule yemifula, emuva kwamachibi namachibi. Izimbobo zokumba - kanti lezi yizakhiwo zobunjiniyela bangempela ezinobude obuyi-10 m noma ngaphezulu, ngezinyathelo eziningi namagatsha.

Lokhu kuvumela ama-muskrats ukugcina okudla akudlayo ezikhathini ezilambile, ukufihla izitha nokuhambahamba lapho efuna ukudla. Imigudu enjalo ilungile ikakhulukazi ebusika: ifudumele impela futhi kukhona nethuba lokuthola inyamazane. Emabhange ezinqolobane ungathola wonke amanethiwekhi emihubheni engaphansi komhlaba, amasango afihlwe ngaphansi kwekholomu lamanzi.

Esikhathini esishisayo, lapho izinga lamanzi lehla kakhulu, lesi silwane sijulisa imisele engaphansi komhlaba, siphinde sibaholele ngaphansi kobuso bamanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izindlu ezinjalo, ngoba lezi ziyizilwane eziqaphile kakhulu.

Izingozi eziningi, abazingeli kanye nabazingeli bafundisa lezi zilwane ukuba ziphila ngendlela yemfihlo. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30, u-desman wafunda ukucasha kahle emhlabeni wangaphandle. Kepha noma kunjalo, izindawo abahlala kuzo zivame ukukhipha izinsalela zokudla abazishiya eduze nemisele. Yilokhu okusetshenziswa izitha.

Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani?

Ezimweni zemvelo, lezi yizilwane ezisengozini enkulu, izici eziningi ezinolaka zithonya impilo yazo: ukuguquguquka kwezinga lamanzi emzimbeni wamanzi, izinyamazane nabantu. Ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, abahlali endaweni yemvelo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-3-4.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ezimweni ezifanele zezindawo ezingcwele noma zoos, lapho umuskrat ungaphazamisi noma usongele, angaphila iminyaka engama-5-6.

Yisikhathi esifushane sokuphila, ukuba sengozini ezintweni zemvelo nobuncane obuphansi obenze le nhlobo ibeka engcupheni ngezindlela eziningi. Kunzima kakhulu kuma-muskrats amancane, ngoba abonakala engenakusiza futhi noma yisiphi isigameko singaphela izimpilo zawo. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula, inzalo yodemeshi idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Izici ze-anatomical zeden Russian

Lesi silwane esisenkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo sathola izindawo eziningi ezilungele indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-desman ineminyaka efanayo nezilwane ezincelisayo, kodwa ngokungafani nalezi zimidondoshiya, zihlukaniswa ngamakhono avumelanayo. Indoda yaseRussia, incazelo yayo evumela ukuthi siqonde kahle ukuthi lesi sidalwa siphila kanjani, ifana kakhulu nezihlobo zayo eziseduze - izimvukuzane. Abantu abaningi abangazi ukuthi isilwane sibukeka kanjani bavame ukudida lezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, i-mole ne-muskrat zihlala kuma-niches ahlukene wemvelo, anquma izici zesakhiwo sazo. Lesi sidalwa sinesizotha esikhulu kakhulu.

Ubude bomzimba wedeski yaseRussia cishe buyi-25 cm. Umsila onwetshiwe uhlala cishe inani elilinganayo. Le ngxenye yomzimba wesilwane imangalisa kakhulu. Ukuba nesimo se-paddle, umsila usiza isilwane ukubhukuda ngokushesha. Kule ngxenye yomzimba, izinqolobane ezinamafutha ziyanqwabelana, okwenza sikwazi ukusinda ebusika obandayo e-desman, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukudla kwesidalwa esingavikeleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila onjalo unikeza i-desman ukuqondeka okwengeziwe emanzini futhi ihlanganyele ekudluliseni okushisa lapho isilwane sidinga ukuphola ngokushesha. Kungakho le ngxenye yomzimba ingambozwa hhayi ngoboya abangaphenduli amanzi, kodwa ngezikali ezinzima. Kukhona indlala ekhethekile enephunga eduze nomsila. Isisindo somuntu othanda iRussia awudluli kuma-550 g. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba zincane kunabesilisa.

Uboya bendoda ehlukile kakhulu. Izinwele zincane kakhulu ngaphezulu, kepha izisekelo zazo ziwugqinsi. Isilwane sinezingubo zangaphansi ezifudumele. Isakhiwo soboya sikuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ama-bubble womoya phakathi kwabo, asebenza njengokufakelwa okuhle kakhulu kokushisa ngesikhathi sokubhukuda emanzini abandayo. Uboya besilwane abumanzi. Ngemuva kwesilwane kuvame ukuba nombala onsundu omnyama noma mpunga. Isisu ngokuvamile ngimpunga yesiliva.Kukhona futhi amabala amhlophe amhlophe azungeze amehlo. Umbala onjalo uvumela isilwane ukuzifihla emanzini osebeni lomfula. Njengezihlobo zabo eziseduzane, imvukuzane, i-desman icishe ibe yizimpumputhe. Zinamehlo amancane kakhulu afana nobuhlalu obumnyama.

Sekuyisikhathi eside incwadi ebomvu igcwaliswa kabusha ngumbalisi

Kodwa-ke, lezi zidalwa zinxephezela ukungabikho kombono omuhle ngokuthinta nokuhogela okuhle. Ama-Vibrissas e-Russian muskrat mude kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane singasheshe sizitholele ukudla. Amawashi alezi zidalwa amafushane kakhulu. Iminwe ithweswe imiqhele emide. Ngenkathi ibhukuda, lesi silwane sicindezela umbhangqwana ongaphambili ukuya emzimbeni, futhi sihamba ngemilenze yaso yangasemuva. Iminwe ixhumeke ulwelwesi, olunikeza ukunyakaza emanzini. Impumulo yesilwane ibuyiselwe emuva kakhulu, okumsiza ukuba aphefumule umoya, ngaphandle kokuqhamuka ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuthi sigweme izitha zemvelo.

Ubungako babantu, ukuvikelwa kwezilwane

Ngekhulu le-19, ama-muskrats abulawa kakhulu ngenxa yezikhumba zawo noketshezi lwe-musky, obusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezamakha ukulungisa amakha. Izenzo ezinje ziholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwabantu bazo. Okwamanje, ubuningi balezi zilwane abaziwa, njengoba u-Khokhul ehola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuhlangana nayo emhlabeni.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sochwepheshe, inani labantu abanjengezimilo namuhla licishe libe yizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Lokhu akubalulekile, kepha nokho le nombolo isivele isemngceleni.

Ubuningi bezilwane buthinteka kabi ukungcoliswa nokudonswa kwemizimba yamanzi, ukuqothulwa kwamachibi ezikhukhula, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuvikela amanzi, kanye namanetha asunguliwe okudoba, avame ukuba ne-muskrat.

Ukuze kulungiswe lesi simo, umfokazi waseRussia (Khokhula) wafakwa ohlwini lwezilwane ezivela kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia nesimo sezinhlobo zezinto ezinqabile ezingafani, sancipha ngamanani. Manje sekunezindawo ezi-4 zokugcina nokulondolozwa okungaba ngu-80, lapho lesi silwane siqondiswa ososayensi

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zithathwa ukuvikela nokuvikela lezi zilwane kanye nokubuyisela inani lazo. Ngo-2000, kwenziwa iphrojekthi ekhethekile ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Londolozela umuntfu waseRussia”, obandakanyeka ekuhlolweni kwenani labantu abadayisi futhi elakha nezindlela zokuyigcina.

Burrows - izindawo eziyizintandokazi zeden Russian

I-Russian muskrat, ekhetha izindawo zamanje ezithulile (amachibi kanye nemifula) yempilo, iyathanda ukumba imigodi, iyinkimbinkimbi futhi yinde (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10). Ezigangeni ezintofontofo ezigcwele imifino yamahlathi, kukhona ama-labyrinths emihubheni engaphansi komhlaba, amasango afihlwe ngaphansi kwekholomu lamanzi. Lapho izinga lamanzi lehla, isilwane siphoqelelwa ukuba sandise izindledlana ezingaphansi komhlaba, siphinde sibahole ngaphansi komfula.
Futhi, indoda yaseRussia yenza imisele emifushane enegumbi nelitha elinomswakama, lapho ebusika igcwalisa khona izindawo ezigcina umoya lapho ihamba ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, amangqamuzana asezinkomeni asebenza ukuphumula nokudla.

Habitat

Uhlala kuphi umuntu ofayo? Ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo eRussia, le nhlobo yezinhlobo zezinhlanga iyatholakala nasezindaweni ezithile eKazakhstan, e-Ukraine, eLithuania naseBelarus.

Ukubuka kabusha kwenkundla yeRussia kuzinze ezindaweni ezinjalo:

1. Esigodini saseDnieper, lezi zilwane zazihlala imifula enjenge-Iput, iVyazma ne-Oster.
2. Ebhini likaDon, angatholakala emifuleni enjenge: Voronezh, Bityug, Khoper.
3. KwiVolga ephezulu, lezi zilwane zitholakala ezindaweni ezinjengeKotorosl ne-Uzha. Lesi silwane sabuye sabonwa ezindaweni eziphansi zaseKlyazma, Moksha naseTsne.
4. Esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, izindawo lapho kuhlala khona umqaphi: phansi komfula u-Uy esifundeni saseKurgan, kanye naseThobola.

Izizathu zokuqothuka

Lowo ohlukanisayo ubhalwe ku-Red Book. Isibalo salezi zilwane ngonyaka we-1973 saba cishe ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-70 kulo lonke elase-USSR. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuncipha kwenani lalezi zilwane kungenxa yokuthi uboya bazo bukhulu kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni kanye maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ukuzingela lezi zilwane kwakugcwele, futhi izilwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zabhujiswa unyaka nonyaka. Ngenxa yokushushiswa okwandile kwalezi zilwane, kanye nokwephulwa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala (ukudonsa izidumbu zamanzi), amanani abo ehle.

Ividiyo

Bukela ividiyo ethokozisayo ngalesi silwane esiyingqayizivele.

Phakathi kwezilwane ezingandile nezimangazayo kufaka phakathi i-desman. Lesi silwane besilokhu sihlala emhlabeni uMhlaba iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30. Ummeli waseRussia okwamanje ubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, ngoba inhlobo isemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Uhlobo olunjani lwesilwane, ukuthi lubukeka kanjani, lapho kuhlala khona lowo muntu, sifunda kulo mbhalo.

Umnotho

Umlingani waseRussia noma i-Russian (Latin Desmana moschata) ungena kulesi sikhundla esilandelayo kwezentela:

• Animalia Kingdom - Izilwane
• Uhlobo Chordata - Chordata
• I-Subtype Vertebrata - Ama-Vertebrates
• Ikilasi Mammalia-Mammals
• I-squad Insectivora-Insectivorous
• Umndeni kaMole noma uSrew
• I-Subfamily Desmaninae (kwesinye isikhathi ihlukaniswa njengomndeni, uhlobo lwesibili yi-Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)
• IGenus Vykhuhol -Desmana
• Bheka V.Russkaya - D. moschata

Incazelo nesithombe se-muskrat

Isilwane sisesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni wama-mole kanye nokuhleleka kwama-safetivores. Endle lapho izinhlobo ezimbili zama-muskrats:

Abantu babuye babize lesi silwane ngokuthi imvukuzane yamanzi, ngoba lesi silwane sinamandla okubhukuda ngokuphelele nokuntywila, sidlule emhubheni omude emhlabathini. Esithombeni, kubonakala ukuthi lesi silwane sinokubonakala okuhehayo. Uma ubheka i-desman ngokushesha ungabona ukuthi ihlobene nendawo yokuhlala emanzini.

Ubude bomzimba wesilwane ifinyelela ubude obungu-18-22 cm . Isisindo sesilwane singafinyelela ku-520 gr. Umsila we-desman ubude obufanayo nomzimba wawo futhi umbozwe ngokuphelele ngezikali ezi-horny. Ingaphezulu lomsila limbozwe ngezinwele ezi-bristly, zakha i-keel. Lesi silwane sifana nezinyoni, kepha ezinyangeni kuphela lapho i-keel isebenza njengengxenye ekhethekile ye-thoracic. Umsila unobukhulu obude kunawo wonke phansi kanti ekuqaleni kwawo bunokuqina obunjwe ngophawu. Kule ndawo yomsila kukhona izindlala ezithile. Imisipha iyehla futhi kukhona izimbobo eziningi kuyo, i-musk enephunga lephunga elithile iphuma kubo. Masinyane ngemuva kokuqina, umsila ezinhlangothini zombili uncipha kakhulu.

E-desman momsle omncane ophakeme nekhala eliphakeme (isiqu) esifakwe nge-valve ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokuntywiliselwa emanzini, ama-valves avale amathumbu. Isilwane sinemisindo emide futhi ebukhali kakhulu. Idesile inemilenze emifushane, futhi imilenze yangemuva mikhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Imilenze enezimpiko ezinhlanu ifakwe ulwelwesi olusimboza ama-paws aze afike ezinhlafunweni. Izinzipho zinomumo omude futhi ocishe uqonde. Imiphetho yama-paws imboza izinwele ezihlanganayo futhi isize ukwandisa indawo yokuxhumana nendawo yasemanzini.

Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-muskrat inobuhle obukhulu nobukhulu. Ezinhlangothini nangasemuva, uboya bune-brown brown, futhi bungaba nombala omnyama ngombala. Ingxenye engezansi yobuso besilwane ikhanya kakhulu, kanye nesisu nentamo yayo. Lezi zingxenye zomzimba zine-grey ekhanyayo noma i-off-white hue. Uboya bunamandla okugcina umoya kahle, okusiza i-desman ukuthi ingabandeli ezinsukwini ezinzima zobusika. Isilwane asinamehlo awaboni kahle, ngakho siqondiswa umuzwa waso omuhle wokuthinta nokuhogela.

Habitat

Umdwebi uthathwa njengezinhlobo ezinobuhlakani, okukhona endaweni yangemva kweSoviet. Ngenkathi ye-prehistoric, yayingatholakala yonke indawo eYurophu ukuya eziqhingini zaseBrithani. Manje indawo yokuhlala yayo incane kakhulu, indawo idwenguliwe, inqunyelwe emifuleni enjengeDon, Dnieper, Volga, ne-Urals. Usengahlangana naye eKazakhstan, kwesinye isikhathi e-Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Portugal.

Indawo yokusabalalisa ye-muskrat

Ngisho eminyakeni engama-500 eyedlule, lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zazigcwele kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ezindaweni eziningi zomlando wokuhlala, ama-muskrats manje asenyama.Amaningi amancane alezi zidalwa atholakala osebeni lwemifula nasezitheni zamanzi e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Lithuania nase Belarus. Ama-muskrat amaningi atholakala endaweni yaseRussia. Iningi lalezi zidalwa lihlala emigodini ye-Dnieper ne-Don. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zitholakala kwiVolga ephezulu. Njengamanje, isibalo senkosi yaseRussia asidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Lezi zilwane zithinteka kakhulu ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukudonswa kwemifula kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Isigcawu asisiningi. Ngaphezu kwelesiRussia, kukhona futhi umuntu oyisidina sikaPyrenean. INcwadi Ebomvu ihlanganisa le nhlobo. Inendawo yokusabalalisa ekhawulelwe kakhulu. Isilwane esinjalo sitholakala emifuleni ngasogwini lwePyrenees emngceleni weSpain neFrance. Phakathi kokunye, umphathi wePyrenees des ukuhlala eCentral Portugal. Lolu hlobo lusengozini encane kune-desman, ehlala eCentral Europe, ngoba izidalwa ezinje zincanyana. Afinyelela ku-11-16 cm kuphela ubude futhi anesisindo esingama-80 g, ngakho-ke bebelokhu bezingelwa kancane. Kukholakala ukuthi ezithandwa kakhulu yi-desman ngamachibi amancane, kanye nabadala bemifula, lapho kunamabhange aphansi eduze nehlathi noma agqunywe yizimila eziminyene.

Igalari: I-Russian muskrat (izithombe ezingama-25)

Ngabe ama-muskrats ahlala kanjani emvelweni yawo yemvelo?

Amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo mayelana nokuphila kwalezi zidalwa kwaziwa kamuva nje. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-desman ayizilwane ezincelisayo eziphefumula umoya, zichitha iningi lempilo yazo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lezi zilwane ziyizilwane ezinamanzi futhi azikaphelelwa isifiso sokumba izimbobo. Bathola indawo efanelekile ngasogwini, lapho bakha khona umgodi, ubude bawo bungasuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-10. Ukungena kuhlala kungaphansi kwamanzi, okusebenza njengesivikelo esihle kakhulu kubazingeli. Imisele imvamisa ihlotshaniswa kakhulu. Ngobukhulu benhlabathi, bakha amakamelo ambalwa anomoya nezidleke, okuvame ukuba kutholakala kude le-cm okungenani okungenani ukusuka komunye nomunye.

Amaqembu emindeni yalezi zidalwa ahlala egaya ama-mink ongeziwe, ubude bawo bungadluli kumamitha ayi-1: Igumbi eligcwele umoya futhi elinenkunkuma emanzi. Izimbungulu ezinjalo ziyadingeka kumuntu onqobayo hhayi kuphela ekuphumeni ehlobo, kodwa futhi nokuphila ngaphansi kweqhwa ebusika. Emiseleni eyengeziwe, izilwane zigcwalisa izindawo ezigcina umoya lapho zingabonakali ebusweni. Naphezu kosayizi wayo onesizotha ngokweqile, isilwane esinjengodedengu siyisidalwa esimnandi ngokweqile, ngoba sinometabolism osheshayo. Ukudla kwakhe kufaka:

• izinqe
• izibungu
• ama-mollusks
• izinhlanzi ezincane
• tadpoles
• amasele
• izibungu
• rhizomes zezitshalo.

Iphunga le-musky liheha inyamazane, ngakho-ke i-muskrat yaseRussia ayiveli ngaphandle kokudla. Ehlobo, lezi zidalwa zizama ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa amathuba okuthola okuphakelayo okwanele. Lapho izidumbu zamanzi zoma, impilo ye-desman iba nzima kakhulu. Emhlabeni, lezi zidalwa zinobuhlakani futhi zivame ukuba yisisulu samakati asendle, ama-otter, izimpungushe nezinye izinyamazane. Ngenxa ye-metabolism esheshayo, izilwane azikwazi ukucasha ngesikhathi esibandayo. Imvamisa kulahleka amaphakethe. Abantu abangaphezu kwe-10 bangabusika ebusika linye.

Injani inkathi yokuzalanisa yedenmark yaseRussia?

Ngokuqala kwesikhukhula sentwasahlobo, imidlalo yokuqomisana iyaqala. Ukuze uthole umlingani, izilwane ziya ngasogwini bese ziqala ukwenza imisindo ethile, efana nengxoxo. Abesilisa abakhangwa yibo bavame ukuhlela ukulwa ukuze bathole ukuthi ngubani othola insikazi. Ukukhulelwa kulezi zilwane kuhlala izinyanga ezi-2. Ngakho-ke, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kanye ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kusuka kumntwana oyedwa kuya ku-5 azalelwa egumbini lokudlela. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingu-3-5 g kuphela. Inqunu futhi iyimpumputhe, ngakho-ke, idinga ukunakekelwa njalo kunina. Kwezinye izindawo, lezi zilwane zizalela amahlandla ama-2 ngonyaka. Isibalo sesibili sokuzala senzeka ngoNovemba-Disemba.Insikazi ihlala nomncane egumbini lokudlela emasontweni ama-2 okuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabashiya isikhashana. Izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-1.5 zokuphila, amathole adla kuphela ubisi olunamafutha, olunakho konke okudingekayo ukukhula nokukhula. Iduna liseduzane futhi lihlanganyela ekuvikelweni kwemibhede. Ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ubudala, abantu abasha baqala ukushiya umhume okwesikhashana futhi bafundele ukuthola ukudla.

Desmana moschata (Linnaeus, 1758)

IVykhuhol: Umhlali ohlala emfuleni ongaziwa kakhulu

Umuntukazana ungenye yezinhlobo eziyinqaba nezingaqondakali zezilwane, ezisondele ekuqothulweni. Izithombe zesimanje zalesi silwane ngokwemvelo zingaba zokugcina, uma ungenzi imizamo yokulondoloza ukubukeka okumangazayo.

I-Russian muskrat isilwane sasendulo.

Indoda yaseRussia ebhalwe ku-Red Book. Lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezingandile, futhi inani labo liyancipha.

Bahlala eYurophu, bakhetha osebeni lwemifula namachibi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zezilwane emndenini wama-muskrat - iPyrenean muskrat ne-Russian muskrat.

I-Russian muskrat iyindawo engavikeleki enkulu. Isilwane sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-520 g, futhi ubude bomzimba sisuka ku-18 siye ku-20 cm.

Isilwane sinomzimba oqinile; sinamakhanda amise okomlomo ekhaleni. Ikhala libizwa nangokuthi i-proboscis. Ekupheleni kwempumulo yesilwane, emakhaleni. Azikho izindlebe, futhi lapho ungena ungene emanzini, ukuvuleka kwendawo kuvaliwe. Amehlo mancane futhi amnyama, kepha izinkophe zakhiwe kahle.

Isilwane sinamazinyo angama-44. Intamo icishe ingabonakali. Izingalo zimfushane, kuneminwe emihlanu esihlathini ngasinye. Iminwe ixhunyaniswa yi-membrane. Ngasemaphethelweni emilenzeni, umngcele wezinwele ezilukhuni, ezikhulisa indawo yokubhukuda yemilenze.

Uboya besilwane bukhulu, buthambile futhi buthukile. Ijazi loboya lihlala isikhathi eside, futhi licishe lingabi manzi, ngoba ligotshwe ngamafutha. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba isilo sibhukuda emanzini ebusika futhi. Ingaphezulu loboya (emuva) bumpunga noma bumsundu omnyama, bese kuthi grey tummy, noma kukhanye kancane kunempunga.

Umsila unombala obomvu, onsundu ngombala omnyama, unezinwele ezi-sparse. Amehlo awaboni, kepha umqondo wokuhogela nokuthinta uthuthuke kahle. Idla izibungu, izinambuzane, izinhlanzi ezincane nokudla kwezitshalo. Ngosuku olulodwa, idla ukudla okuningi njengoba inesisindo. Hewu! Kuvela isidlakudla se-muskrat.

Izwa ilungile emanzini nasemhlabeni. Iphila indlela yobusuku. Ukhetha indawo ahlala kuyo ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo ezinothile wasemanzini. Ithola ukudla ngosizo lwe-proboscis. Ekhulula umdweshu phansi echibini nge-phenoscis yayo, lo muntu utholwa izinambuzane nezibungu kanye nezimbaza zasemini.

INora iyakha ukuze ukuphuma kwayo kungaphansi kwamanzi. Ubude be-mink eyodwa bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12. I-muskrat yakha isidleke sayo esiyinhloko ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma izihlahla, esivikela indlu ekuweni. Isilwane asiphathi nge-mink eyodwa. Uzakhela amanye amabili, lapho agcina khona izimpahla, aphumula.

Bahlala emindenini noma imibhangqwana, ebusika kugcwele. Zingafika ezi-15 izilwane ezihlala emgodini owodwa. Umuntfu ubhukuda ngalokuphelele. Ngomzuzwana owodwa ungabhukuda ngamamitha angama-25-30.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45-50. Izingane eziyizimpumputhe nezinqunu zizalelwa ezweni. Imvamisa kudoti wabo kukhona kusuka koyedwa kuya kwabayisihlanu. Isisindo sesilwane esisodwa amagremu amathathu. Yini ingane. Ngenyanga badla ukudla kwezitshalo, futhi ezinyangeni ezine baphila impilo ezimele. Iletha inzalo kabili ngonyaka.

Ama-muskrat, noma ama-Ukraine, uhlobo lwezilwane ezihlala eRussia ikakhulukazi. Kusukela ngo-1986, umuntu waseDenmark usencwadini ebomvu. I-muskrat ingukuphila kwesilwane esanyisayo, umuntu angasho, isilwane esinezimbali, isiphetho. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lalihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa manje uhla lwalo lwemvelo lilinganiselwe emabeleni eDnieper, Don, Volga nase-Urals. Kutholakala eKazakhstan, e-Ukraine, eLithuania, okuvame kakhulu eBelarus.

Isilwane sihlobene kakhulu nemvukuzane.Ukuze kube namandla alo okubhukuda ngokuyisimangaliso futhi kubambe imigodi emide kakhulu engaphansi komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi imvukuzane. Emhlabeni, lesi silwane sivelakancane kakhulu. Inokubukeka okungajwayelekile, imilenze enezinhlaka ezihlanganayo nobuso obude obuphambili budonsela ukunaka. Umzimba ungama-19-22 cm, cishe ngomsila ofanayo, isisindo esingu-510 g.

Isithombe - UDesman, uCrested, onobuhlakani.

Umsila wonke umbozwe ngezikali ezi-horny, kanti ngaphezulu kuyizinwele ezihlanganisiwe, kwakha i-keel. Ngokwesisekelo, umsila unobukhulu obukhulu kunabo bonke. Ekuqaleni komsila, kukhona ukuqina okuphathelene ne-pear, lapho kutholakala khona izicubu eziqondile (iphunga, le-musky), ama-musk oily aphuma ngezimbobo eziningi ezitholakala ku-thickenings kusuka ngaphansi. Ngemuva kokuqina, umsila uncipha ngokuqinile kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ikhala liyisiqu esidala. Vibrisses yinde ngokweqile, inezinwele eziningi ezibucayi emzimbeni.

Izithombe. I-Sucker, i-crest, i-shrew - ngemuva kokubhukuda.

Inemilenze emifushane enezimpama ezi-5, izinyawo ezingemuva zikhulu kunangaphambili. Iminwe ixhunyiwe yi-membrane yokubhukuda. Izikhafu zigobile, zigobile kancane. Umsuka wezinwele ezixegayo usuka emaphethelweni we-paws, wandise indawo yokubhukuda.

Futhi kulesi sithombe, yazisa indlela esibhukuda ngayo.

Ukuhlanganiswa koboya kwe-muskrat kunobukhulu, bukhulu, buqinile, izinwele zanda ziye phezulu. Kunamazinyo angama-44. Umdelwa cishe uyimpumputhe. Kepha banomuzwa omnandi wokuhogela nokuthinta.

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala entwasahlobo. UGon wenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokulwa kwabesilisa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45-50, emva kwalokho kuvela izinsana ezi-1 noma ezi-5, ezingaboni futhi zinqunu, ezinesisindo esingu-2-3.3 gamma, esingaphansi kwengxenye yokuzalwa kukalwa. Ekamelweni lezidleke, kwenziwa isidleke kusuka olwandle olumanzi lwesichibi. Izingane ezimbili ngonyaka (ukuphela kukaMeyi - Juni, Novemba - Disemba). Ngenyanga, izingane zidla ngokudla kwabantu abadala, zizimele ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezi-5.

I-Russian muskrat noma i-crest - isilwane sencwadi ebomvu: incazelo, izithombe, izithombe kanye nevidiyo, ukuthi ibukeka kanjani nokuthi ihlala kuphi i-shrew muskrat.

Izithombe. I-Russian muskrat.

Sinikezela ukubuka ifilimu yevidiyo "deserman Russian"

nevidiyo eyodwa emfushane ephathelene ne-shrew esheshayo

Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa

IVykhuhol iyinhlobo yezinhlobo zemvelo engandile ebhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia enesigaba 2: Izinhlobo ezinqabile ezinqabile ziyancipha ngenani. Isimo esidabukisayo esinjengalesi e-Russia sabangelwa yizinto ezifana nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okugcwala izikhukhula, ukungcoliswa kwezidalwa zamanzi ezihlala izilwane, ukuchitheka kwezindawo ezinamanzi ezikhukhula amanzi, okwenza isimo esibi kakhulu nokuvikelwa, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu, kanye nentuthuko osebeni lwamachibi. amadlelo aseduze namachibi.

Njengamanje, umuntu ohlonishwayo uyaphumelela ukugcinwa ngenxa yezindlela nezindlela ezingezona zenkambiso yenhlangano. Okungukuthi, ukudalwa kwamapulazi akhethekile okuzingela, umgomo oyinhloko wawo ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokuvikelwa kwalezi zilwane.

Izici zokunciphisa

Ibanga le-muskrat lincane, ngoba kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezithandekayo zalo. Izici zemvelo ezithinta kabi inani lazo zifaka phakathi izikhukhula zobusika obude kanye nezikhukhula ezinkulu. Ebusika kuphakama amanzi, izimbobo zentethezi ziyagcwala, bese ziminza. Ehlobo elomile, amachibi asezikhukhuleni ayagcwala futhi omile, futhi ama-muskrats kufanele abheke indawo entsha yokuhlala. Emhlabathini, ama-muskrats cishe awazivikeli ngenxa yombono omubi nokuhamba kancane, yize izinyamazane zingazidli ngenxa yephunga elinamandla le-musky. Kwezinye izikhathi kuhlaselwa ama-ermines, ama-ferrets, ama-otter, izimpungushe, izinja ezidukelayo namakati, kusuka kwizinyoni - i-marsh harriers, i-kite emnyama, i-osprey, ukhozi olubonakalayo, ukhozi olukhulu, isikhova esimpunga, yebo iqhude kanye ne-magpie. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-pike kanye ne-catfish inyamazane. Izinkukhu zasendle nazo zidabula imikhova, zibhidliza umhlaba, zize zidle nezinkomo. Kepha ingcindezi enkulu kunazo zonke kubo yenziwa yizinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe - i-mink ne-muskrat yaseMelika, eyikhipha ngenkani idemoni, ihlala emiseleni yayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuncishiswa okukhulu ebangeni nasenanini le-muskrat kungenxa yezici ze-anthropogenic: ukudoba inetha, ukuguqulwa kwezomnotho kwezikhukhula (udoti, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okunisela, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi), amadlelo, nokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi.

Inani lezomnotho nezinyathelo zokuphepha

Esikhathini esedlule, i-desman yayiyinhlobo ebalulekile yezentengiselwano. Kuze kube ikota yesithathu yekhulu le-17, ibilungiswa kuphela ngenxa yephunga le-musky. E-Russia, ilineni yathunyelwa ngama-cocks omisiwe, futhi kamuva imfihlo yezinduna zalo zemiski yaqala ukusetshenziswa emakha njengamakha wokugcoba amakha. Kamuva nje lapho beza ne-desman for fur, ngaphezu kwalokho, yatholwa iphakeme kune-beaver.

Ukuvinjwa kokukhishwa kwe-muskrat kwamenyezelwa uhulumeni waseSoviet ngo-1920 futhi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 esebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani le-desman lenyuka kakhulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwavunyelwa futhi. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-1957 waphinde wavinjelwa, ngaphandle kokubamba izilwane ukuze ziphinde zakhiwe.

E-Russia, kuthathwe izinyathelo okuphindaphindiwe ukuvikela kanye nokubuyisa inani labantu abangama-muskrat. Ukusuka ngaphezulu kwedolobha, abantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000 baphinde benziwa kabusha, kufaka ezifundeni zaseNovosibirsk (r. Tortas) naseTomsk (r. Tagan) lapho kungatholakalanga khona umasikandi ngaphambili. Kugcinwe izindawo ezi-4 kanye nezinqolobane ezingama-80 zokubumbana nezezindawo, lapho ngaphezulu kwezingama-30% isibalo sezilwane sigxilisiwe. Selokhu yawa, isikhungo sokuLondolozwa Kwezilwane Zasendle, ngokuxhaswa kwezezimali okuvela kwi-National Parks Fund, besilokhu sisebenzisa iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-“Conservation Russian desman”, enikelwe ukuhlola isimo samanje sabantu abasesimweni esibi kanye nezindlela ezithuthukile zokulondolozwa kwaso.

Amanothi

• Izinhlobo ezisengozini
• Izilwane Ngokwe-alfabhethi
• Imibono ecwazimulayo yeRussia
• Izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini
• Izilwane ezincelisayo zase-Yurasia
• UMole
• Izilwane ezichazwe ngonyaka we-1758
• Uhlobo lweMonotypic mammalia

Isisekelo seWikimedia. 2010.

Izithonjana :

I-desman isilwane esaziwa kahle, kepha ikakhulukazi ngenxa yegama laso elindilizayo. Eqinisweni, bambalwa abangaqhosha ngokuthi bambona emvelweni. Isilwane siqala indlela yokuphila yokufihla ngokweqile, ihlala emgodini, ekungeneni kuyo kufihlwe ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma emanzini uqobo.

Ake ucabange nje ngesidalwa esimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu besilvery, sinekhala elide elifana ne-proboscis, umsila wesikhumba oshelelayo ezinhlangothini nasemilenzeni eboshwe ngogobolondo. Ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kuyisiqephu sezidalwa zasendulo ezisinde esikhathini sethu ngendlela ecishe ingaguquki. I-Russian desman (Desmana moschata), noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, iKhokhula, iyisikhumbuzo sendalo, uhlobo lwelinye lamaqembu amadala ezinkulukazi, abameli bazo abaziwa abavela e-Oligocene (cishe izigidi ezingama-30 zeminyaka edlule).

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-muskrat ezenziwa ngohlobo oluthile lwe-genera. Enye yazo iPyrenees muskrat (Galemys pyrenaicus), ehlala endaweni esezintabeni enkabeni yePortugal, kanye nasezintabeni zasePyrenees, ehlukanisa iFrance neSpain. Olunye uhlobo (i-Desmana moschata) luyisiphetho engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR yangaphambili, engasatholakali ndawo emhlabeni, ngakho-ke unawo wonke amalungelo okubizwa ngokuthi umuntu waseRussia.

Isilwane sibukeka singejwayelekile. Umzimba ovuvukala, ofinyelela kubude obuyi-20 cm, udlulela esimweni sekhanda esimweni, ophela enesihlamba esidluliselwe ku-proboscis. Emhlathini ongenhla kunezinto ezimbili ezikhuliswe ngokuqinile ezifaka esikhundleni sobuhlakani obakhiwe ngaphansi bese kuthi lowo odonsa agwebe amagobolondo e-mollusk. Imilenze yangemuva yinde kuneyangaphambili futhi ifakwe ulwelwesi lokubhukuda.

Umsila uyisicaba (kamuva ucindezelwe) kanye nesikali, ulayini wezinwele usilika, onsundu omnyama emuva, unombala omhlophe ngesisu. Ngenxa yalokhu okokugcina, obukhulu kakhulu, noboya obufudumele, i-muskrat yayizingelwa futhi izingelwa isikhathi eside.

Kulesi sithombe esingenhla: lo muntu uyashiya umgodi ngokuqapha.

I-muskrat yisilwane esibalulekile esinezikhumba zoboya besikhumba saso esasilinganiswa siphezulu kune-beaver, yize lesi sakamuva sikhulu kaningana ngosayizi waso.Kepha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uboya bakhe babongwa kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, kuze kube manje lesi silwane sasizingelwa kuphela ngenxa yephunga lomsipha.

Uhlala kuphi umuntu ofayo?

Ibanga lokuqala lama-muskrats lalithatha ingxenye ebalulekile ye-Europe. Kwi-Pleistocene nasekuqalekeni kwe-Holocene enkabeni yeYurophu, izimo ezingezinhle zamandla kagesi zenzelwe lesi silwane: umbuso ongabekezeleleki wasebusika onezinguquko ezivamisile ngezikhathi zokuqothulwa komfula nokufudumala, okuhambisana nezikhukhula zobusika. Lokhu, ngokusobala, kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kububanzi be-muskrat. Kamuva, izici ze-anthropogenic, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthuthukiswa kokudoba, zaqala ukubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwehlisweni kwebanga.

Ukusatshalaliswa komuntu waseDenmark namuhla kunqunyelwe ezingxenyeni ezincane zama-Volga, Don kanye nase-Ural. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. lesi silwane sanyamalala kubheshi i-Dnieper, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - sisuka ezingxenyeni eziningi zohlelo lweVolga, cishe ingxenye yeminyaka eyikhulu edlule - kusuka kubheseni laseSeversky Donets.

Ngaphakathi kohla lwayo, umqaphi uhlala eduze nemifula ephakathi nendawo nemincane, izintokazi ezindala, amachibi, amanzi asemuva. Okuhle kakhulu kuyo yimizimba yamanzi enamanzi asogwini kanye nezitshalo ezikhula kahle ezigudla ulwandle. Ezindlini ezivinjelwe izimila ezinjalo, lesi silwane sikhona ngokuphepha kuze kube yisikhukhula sokuqala sentwasahlobo. Ngokuqala kwale nkathi enzima, ama-Ukraine asogwini oludaluliwe awakwazi ukumelana, futhi adilizwa okwamanje. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ogwini olunamahlandla, umuntu osindayo usinda ezikhukhuleni, asale endaweni efanayo.

Izilwane ezisuselwe emigodini yazo zithola indawo yokukhosela ezingxenyeni ezingafakwanga zezihlahla emafolokini egatsha, emigodini nasezinqwabeni zokhuni. Ukungakwazi ukuhlala echibini elingenamsebenzi kukhuthaza isilwane ukuba sizulazule. Kuvame ukuthwalwa kwehle lapho, lapho kuwela khona kweminye imindeni, kushushiswe. Lesi simo sivame ukuphela ngokufa komuntu ozulazulayo. Isomiso sasehlobo, lapho izinga lamanzi emzimbeni wamanzi lehla kakhulu, nakho kungadala ukufuduka, okuthi emva kwalokho kudlule ngezinga elikhulu phezu komhlaba.

Izici zendlela yase Russian desman yokuphila

Imvamisa, umgodi unamakamelo wokudlela ama-2-3 kanye nenani elifanayo lamagumbi okuphumula akhonza ukoma ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini. Isilwane soma ngokushesha, ngoba uboya baso abunamanzi. Isigcino esijulile esisuka ekungeneni komgodi ngaphansi ezansi kwedamu, esakhiwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwezilwane njalo naphambili. Ngokwesomiso, lokhu kubhula (kuvame ukuba namagatsha angama-2-3) ukuphuma. Umuntu ojula ngokujulile futhi uqhubeka nokusebenzisa kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yilapho idamu loma ngokuphelele.

UKhokhul angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingangemizuzu emi-5, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele aphefumule. Angakwenza ngokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi adalule kuphela i-proboscis ebusweni. Ikhohliswe njengotshani basemanzini obunotshani, lesi silwane asihlali singabonakali ezitheni zaso, ngoba sineningi lezikhova - izikhova, izimpungushe, izikebhe nezinye izinyamazane.

Umsebenzi kaKhokhuli

Umuntu okhuthele unyaka wonke. Amabhamuza omoya aphuma eboyeni besilwane sokubhukuda futhi aqongelela ebusika ngendlela yokuhamba kwefomu lokuhamba okusobala okucacile ngaphansi kweqhwa - uphawu oluthembekile lwesibalo sedamu ngumuntu obambe ongezansi.

Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi weKhokhuli awuxhomekile ekukhanyisweni nesikhathi sosuku. Isilwane siyakwazi ukusebenza engxenyeni ekhanyayo yosuku nasekufeni ebusuku. Lapho igcinwa ekudingisweni, konke kuya ngesikhathi sokuphaka. Ngokushintshwa kwehora lokudla, umbuso wezenzo zansuku zonke wesilwane nawo wakhiwa ngokushesha. Into efanayo ibonwa ezimweni zemvelo: uma kwenzeka okuthile kuphazamisa ukufuna ukudla ngesikhathi sasemini, ngokwesibonelo, ukufuya izinkomo ngezinsuku ezishisayo, lapho umhlambi unamathela ogwini ngaso sonke isikhathi, izilwane ezihlala kule ndawo ziguqula imisebenzi yazo yasemini zibe umsebenzi wasebusuku.

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke yokwehlisa isidina esikhathini sasebusika ngokuvamile sifinyelela emahoreni angama-6-7, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lesi sikhombisi sikhuphuka size sifike emahoreni ayi-9 ukuya ku-10.Ukuba sesidlekeni, ama-Ukraine isikhathi eside acocekile izinwele zawo. Uma isembozo sendlu yesidleke sigudluzwa endaweni, isilwane ngokucophelela "sikhonkotha" igebe eliphumela.

Isilwane sichitha iningi lezinsuku zasebusika esidlekeni sisesimweni sokulala kahle. Uma ehlobo sekwanele ukuphakamisa isembozo sendlu ukuze umuntu ofayo aqhume ngokushesha kuyo, khona-ke ebusika uyaqhubeka nokulala, aqoqwe ngotshani, futhi avuke kuphela ngemuva koku “sunduza” okusebenzayo. UKhokhul akangeni ekuqashweni okuphelele, kepha ukubonwa ukulala ebusika kuyinto ethile ngaye.

Yini ukudla kwasemini?

Ukudla komuntu ofile kwenziwa ngama-invertebrates amancane asemanzini (ama-mollusks, izinambuzane, izibungu zawo, ama-leeches). Imvamisa, isilo sikhiqiza izinhlanzi namaxoxo. Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, oKhokhuli ngezikhathi ezithile baphinda ukudla kwabo nemifino - badla umhlanga, umhlanga, izithelo zamaphaphu amaqanda neminduze yamanzi, njll.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukubaluleka kwama-grooves angezansi - izindlela ezingapheli zokuhamba zedemile kusuka emgodini kuya ezindaweni zokudla. Ngenxa yokunyakaza okuvamisile, amanzi aerated kahle kuwo, okuheha izitho zangaphakathi ezingenamsoco njengokudla kwesilwane. Lolu uhlobo lwesicupho esihlala sikhona futhi esingenazinkinga. Idla ngendawo yayo yokuzingela, indoda ebhukuda ibhukuda eduze komsele, ibambe isidumbu esimweni esitshiywe kancane, i-phenoscis eveza izinto zokudla nge-phenoscis yayo ne-vibrissae. Isilwane siyazicosha bese sizifaka "kwizimbobo zokondla" zayo ezikhethekile, noma simane ezindaweni ezisithekile ogwini, lapho zidla khona. Ngemuva kokuthola inyamazane enkulu (inhlanzi, isele), iKhokhula iphuthuma kuyo ngokungenankathalo, ngesinye isikhathi ilahlekelwe, iqala ukusesha okunemfiva, ihlasele futhi, ivele isuke ngapha nangapha futhi ivame ukuyeka ukuzingela, ingafinyeleli kwelitshe. Ngokusobala, ezimweni zemvelo, kungenzeka ukubhekana nokuxhashazwa okunjalo kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ikakhulukazi (ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqandeka echibini ebusika noma lapho ichibi lezikhukhula loma ehlobo).

Ubudlelwano bomndeni

Ukuhlobisa nokuzala edeseni kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho imidlalo yezithandani ivame ukwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwesinye isikhathi izimpi ezesabekayo phakathi kwabesilisa ziyabhekwa, kepha ezimweni eziningi konke kunqunyelwe kuma-skirmishes amafushane lapho ehlangana nomphikisi.

Umbhangqwana ngamunye onobuhlakani uhlala kumgodi wawo, lapho inzalo ihlwanyelwa khona. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ngokushesha iya ekwakhiweni kwesidleke futhi kuyaqabukela kuphume kuso. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40-45. Lapho kuqala inzalo, umama uyinakekela kakhulu, ikhotha amathole, inikeze ubisi ngaphandle kokushiya umqobelo. Ngokuzayo, uzilungiselela isidleke esengeziwe, lapho aphumula khona phakathi kokuphakelayo. Ikhathazekile ngokuthile, insikazi ithwala amawele iye komunye umgodi (noma kwelinye igumbi lomgodi ofanayo). Ubaba naye uhlanganyela ekunakekeleni inzalo. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nonina, ushiya isidleke ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba ne-alamu.

Kuze kube yizilwane eziyisikhombisa ezingabalwa emndenini ongaphandle: umbhangqwana wabazali nenzalo yokugcina. Ubuningi besibalo esikhulu sabantu, kepha ngamathuba akhawulelwe okwakha izimbobo, imindeni emikhulu ingaqhamuka ngenxa yokungezwa kwabantu abangahlobene. Bese kwenzeka ukuthi izilwane eziyi-12-13 zihlangane emgodini owodwa. Kanye nalokhu kuneKhokhulis, ehola indlela yokuphila yodwa. Ama-broods asentwasahlobo adlula ekwindla afinyelela impilo yokuzimela, nabazali basakaze. Umndeni uyeka ukuba khona.

Imvamisa abesilisa nabesifazane bemindeni ehlukene emihlanganweni bangenela ukulwa, kwesinye isikhathi baphelela ekufeni komunye wabahlaseli. Njengomthetho, ama-muskrats amadala ahlasela abantu abasha abangahlobene.

Lapho uKhuokhuli ehlangana nomfokazi wohlobo lwakhe, umi emilenzeni yakhe yangasemva bese kuba isiko lokuthi “ukucacisa ubudlelwane” liqala. Bobabili abalingani bethu belula i-proboscis yabo komunye nomunye futhi, lapho sebethinte isidlidliza, bampintshanisa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Lokhu kungaqhubeka isikhathi esithile.Ekugcineni, izilwane ziyantshontsha kaningana futhi ziphinde zihlangane. Kugcina ngeqiniso lokuthi kungenzeka bangene ekulweni noma ngokufiphaza ngokuthula emikhondweni eyahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-Ukraine asebenzisa indlela yokusabisa isitha, enze ama-lunges ngakuye futhi achofoza amazinyo akhe. Ekwesaba, umqaphi ucasha esidlekeni noma emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi udalula kuphela isicoco secici ukuze aqhubeke nokunikeza umoya.

Ukuzwa, ukubona, ukuhogela kanye nezwi lowesilisa

Ukuma okude komuntu we-desem emhlabeni futhi ngokwengxenye yamanzi kwenziwa ngendlela yokuzwa. Isilwane sigcina ngokukhuthele umsindo wezwi lamanzi. Emabangeni asondelene, ukuqondiswa kwemvelo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinwele zezinwele - i-vibrissae etholakala kunesihlamba.

Umuzwa wokuhogela awuthuthukiswa kahle. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukubuyela emgodini noma ukuzingela ebumnyameni ngokuphelele, i-muskrat ayidukeli, inamathela emlandweni wayo onamakha. Ukuthola iphunga lokulandelela abanye abantu bohlobo lwayo, lesi silwane sithola umlingani phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela.

Umbono womuntu ochithekile awukhuli kahle kangangokuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuthola ebumnyameni akubonisi ukusabela okuthile. Njengoba ukubonwa ku-aquarium kukhombisile, esilwaneni emanzini, amehlo ahlala evaliwe.

Izwi lowesilisa lizwakala esimweni semvelo kuphela entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuchitheka, lapho izilwane zibhukuda ebusweni.Iduna, ngokujaha insikazi, lenza imisindo engafani nhlobo, kwesinye isikhathi luhlobo lokukhala lokuthula. Ungaphinde ulalele imisindo emethusayo yowesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuzwakala umgede wento evela esilwaneni esinamahloni. Uma kwenzeka ukushayisana nomuntu ongaziwa ngezinhlobo zawo, ngokwesibonelo, nge-muskrat, kuzwakala ukuqhafaza kwamazinyo.

Ubungane nobutha

Okuqaphelekile kakhulu ubudlelwano obuhle obujwayelekile phakathi kwama-muskrats nezilwane ezinjengama-beaver (okuningi kuma-beaver esihlokweni). Imigoqo ye-Beaver ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemibhobho yedeshi. Ngesikhathi sokubulawa, izinhlanzi ezinkulu, zifuna umoya-mpilo, ziqoqana emlonyeni wezimbobo ze-beaver nasezimbombeni ze-beaver eqhweni. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokudla kukaKhokhuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo ezigcinwa eqhweni ngabagundi zisiza kakhulu ukuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo, zinikeze ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo.

Olunye uhlobo ama-Ukraine abhekana nalo i-rodent enkulu yamanzi ye-muskrat. Ezweni lakubo eNyakatho Melika, uhlangana kahle nama-beaver. Ubudlelwano obufanayo busungulwa phakathi kwama-muskrats nama-beaver ethu. Kepha umuskrat, ukufakwa ku-biocenosis yento eqinile futhi enolaka yama-muskrat kwaba yinto engathandeki. Kuze kube manje, imininingwane eminingi iqoqiwe mayelana nokukhandleka okukhulu kweKhokhuli nge-muskrat. Ubungako bokugcina bokwehla kwezimbobo ze-muskrat buye bafika ezingeni lokuthi manje likhetha ukuthatha izimbobo ezenziwe nge-muskrat ezenziwe ngomumo, liziguqula ngokwazo. I-muskrat yabantu abadala icishe ibe kabili izikhathi ezikhudlwana kune-muskrat ngosayizi. Umisa isilwane, andise impahla yaso. Kuliqiniso, eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lama-muskrats ezitolo eziningi lehlile kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.

Izici zokuziphatha kwe-desman

Imininingwane eminingi yokuziphatha komuntu ofile ayicacile ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla. Kunezimo lapho isilwane esisanda kubanjiswa, esikhuliswe ngumsila silethe inhlanzi, silenga phansi ngesandla somuntu, yize sinesimo esingajwayelekile futhi sinovalo, masinyane washesha ngentshiseko ukusiqeda! Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwelinye icala, insizwa yedoda, ebihlala, ijabulela inkululeko ephelele yokunyakaza, efulethini abahlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezikhomba, yenqaba ngenkani ukudla ukudla ezandleni zayo. Ngomsindo omncane, wabalekela umphakeli wayocasha isikhathi eside esidlekeni sakhe. Esinye isilwane sasigijimisa ifulethi phakathi nosuku, singesabi ngokuphelele umsindo, ukuba khona kwabantu, umculo.

Esimweni sokwenama okukhulu noma ukwesaba okukhulu, umuntu ofayo, umama kwesinye isikhathi uluma inzalo yakhe.Kodwa futhi kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho insikazi ebisanda kubanjwa yahlanganiswa namazinyane ayo ekhejini lokuhambisa ngokushesha yaqala ukubondla ubisi.

Kungashiwo ukuthi ukuqhathanisa okubukhali ekuziphatheni kwabantu abahlukile ezimweni ezifanayo kuyisici esibonakalayo salolu hlobo.

Lapho igcinwa endaweni yokuhamba ngezindiza, umuntu ofayo usheshe athuthukise indawo entsha nendlela entsha yokuphila. Ujwayela inqubo ethile yansuku zonke, uyeka ukunaka kakhulu, angakuphatha ukudla ezandleni zakhe. Kepha awukwazi ukumbiza ngokuthi uthambisiwe ngomqondo ophelele wegama. Ngisho nomuntu ohlale emnakekela futhi emondla, iKhokhul ayinamatheli ngempela. Isici esibonakalayo seKhokhuli singabhekwa njengokwehluleka okungenasisekelo kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya esivele kutholakele Ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, wavele wabanjwa ngumuntu onamandla, wamphoqa ukuba abaleke. Emva kwalokhu, ngesinye isikhathi lesi silwane sifihla esidlekeni saso isikhathi eside, kube sengathi asendle. Kuthatha isikhathi eside impela ukuthi abuye futhi "abuyele ezingqondweni zakhe."

UDesman encwadini ebomvu

Ngokubheka ukwehla kwenamba okuqhubekayo, ukuzingela i-muskrat kwagcina kuvinjelwe ngo-1957, kodwa-ke, ukunqanyulwa kokudoba akukwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukongiwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlangabezana kakhulu nomsebenzi womuntu omkhulu.

Njengoba wazi, impilo yomuntu ohlobene nse ihlobene eduze nezimo zezikhukhula zezidumbu zamanzi. Ngaphandle kombuso wesikhukhula, ukuba khona kwezinhlobo zezilwane akunakwenzeka. Ukuqothulwa kwale mfuyo kwenzeka maqondana nokushintshwa kwemvelo, kanye nentuthuko yezolimo. Emuva e-USSR, ukuze kubuyelwe ukuqothulwa kwe-extinct futhi kwandise ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo, ezindaweni eziningi bakhulula i-desman ebanjelwe ukwakha kabusha. Kepha ngobuningi bamacala, lokhu okwenziwe akuzange kube nemiphumela efiselekayo.

Namuhla, i-desman ifakwe ngokufanelekile kwiBhuku elibomvu leRussian Federation ngesigaba 2: izinhlobo zezinhlanga ezinqabile eziye zancipha ngenani. Umsebenzi oyinhloko okwamanje ukugcina izinsalela zezinhlobo zakudala, ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Uma abantu base-Ukraine bonyamalala ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo - kuzosolwa thina, esingaphumelelanga ukusindisa inzalo yakhe.

Izitha zemvelo zedemocratic Russian

Yize i-muskrat ihola indlela yokuphila ecashile nenolwazi kakhulu, inezitha eziningi endle! Njengoba inosayizi omncane kakhulu, lesi silwane sivame ukuba inyamazane yezitha.

Izitha eziphambili emhlabeni:

• izimpungushe,
• ama-otter
• i-ferrets
• amakati endle
• ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama.

Imvamisa isilwane esinoboya siba yisisulu emhlabeni, ngoba imilenze ayisetshenziswanga kahle ukuhamba emhlabeni. Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu kulokhu yisikhukhula sentwasahlobo. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi kuphela isikhathi sokuza kwemvula. Izilwane ezibandakanya ukukhethwa kwemibhangqwana ziphelelwa ukuqaphela, futhi ichibi elichithekile libavimbela indawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo - imisele. Ngakho-ke, desman iba inyamazane elula yezitha. Izinkukhu zasendle nazo zibangela ukulimala okukhulu, okuthi, yize zingaphangi abantu abadala, zivame ukuklebhula imisele yazo.

Emanzini, abantu base-Ukraine basuke sebegugile futhi bethambekele ekuhlaseleni, kepha nalapha abaphephile ngokuphelele. Isilwane esincane singaba inyamazane yephayi enkulu noma i-catfish. Esinye isitha esingathi sína sodumo saba yindoda nemisebenzi yakhe. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, aqothula izilwane ngokuba noboya kanye no-musk. Kodwa uma manje ukuzingela okuthengiswayo kwabase-Ukraine kungavunyelwe futhi kuvikelwe, khona-ke ukubhujiswa kwendawo yayo yemvelo kuyaqhubeka kunciphisa inani lalezi zilwane zasendulo.

Uhlobo nokuziphatha kwendoda yaseRussia

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-desem iyisilwane somhlaba, ichitha ingxenye yempilo yayo emanzini.

Isilwane sihlala emancwabeni amancane ukusuka kumamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-10 ubude, ukuphuma kwawo kungaphansi kwamanzi. Ukusuka ekungeneni, umgodi ukhuphukela esidlekeni esincane, esibekwe ngaphezu kwamanzi. Imvamisa, imisele inamagatsha amaningi nezidleke, ezingatholakala ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene nasendaweni ebangeni elingamamitha angama-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye.Ukusuka kwesinye isicubu kuya kwesinye, lo muntu kufanele abambe umoya wakhe bese ebhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi, kancane kancane ekhipha umoya wamabhamuza amancane. Ebusika, la mabhamu akha imisele ngaphakathi kweqhwa.

Ama-Muskrats adla izibungu, ama-leeches, ama-mollusks; ebusika obubandayo angadla amaxoxo, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nama-rhizomes ezitshalo eziluma. Izilwane aziwele ekubandakanyeni, uboya obufudumele obungenamanzi buzivikela ekubandeni, i-desman ibhukuda ngemisele ebunjwe ngamabhamuza omoya ngaphakathi eqhweni, futhi idle izibungu kanye nefry, ehehwa yiphunga lomsipha kanye nokuningi okwengeziwe.

Ebusika, cishe ama-muskrats ayi-10 ahlala emgodini owodwa, futhi ehlobo avame ukuhlala yedwa.

Ukuziphatha

Isilwane sithanda amadamu aphakathi nendawo anamanzi amile kanye nokujula okungamamitha ayi-5 Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi imingcele yayiminyene ngasikhathi sinye, eduzane nalapho kwakukhona ihlathi elinezikhukhula. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zizungeza isizungu. Bahlanganiswe ngamaqembu amancane ezilwane ezi-3-5 ngaphandle kinship. Banenqubo yabo yezenhlalo, kepha ayifundelwa kabi.

Iqembu lihlala, njengomthetho, emgodini owodwa ngokufinyelela emanzini. Kepha yilungu ngalinye leqembu elincane linezimbotshana zakhe ezimbalwa. Izilwane zisuka komunye umgodi ziye kwesinye ukuwa, zihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha azibhukudi kukholamu yamanzi. Ngaphansi kodaka, kwenziwa imisele ekhethekile, lapho kwenziwa khona ukunyakaza. Imisele ejulile - phezu kobubanzi bayo bonke bezintambo.

Ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-desman yaseRussia ingaba imizuzu engu-3-5. Ngakho-ke, ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo alidluli kumamitha angama-20-25. Kuyo yonke indlela yokuhamba, isilwane sidla ama-mollusks ahlukahlukene. Bona uqobo badonswa emseleni. Bakhangwa iphunga le-musk, elikhishwa emsileni ngemithamo emincane. Lokho wukuthi, izilwane ezincelisayo zimane zidla yonke into encane, ngaphandle kokwenza umzamo wokukuthola. Lesi silwane sihle kakhulu. Udla okuphakelayo okuningi ngosuku njengoba enesisindo. Ngakho-ke, ukubhukuda emiseleni kuthatha isikhathi eside.

Kulokhu, ama-bubble air avele ngaphandle kwamaphaphu. Ngenkathi yesikhathi sasebusika, lapho ingaphezulu lechibi liboshwe yiqhwa, ama-bubble aqandeka ngaphakathi komhlaba wawo ongaphansi, futhi ama-voids akha kuwo. Ezindaweni ezinjalo ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zasentwasahlobo, kuqala kuqhume iqhwa, bese izilwane ziphumela ngaphandle. Lokhu kuyabasindisa ekufeni okuthile, ngoba ngaphandle kwezilwane ezincelisayo lezi zilwane azikwazi ukwenza into engaphezu kwemizuzu engama-5-7.

Inani le-Russian desman

Ezinsukwini zakudala, uboya bezilwane obusebenzayo bebubuningi bokuthengiswa okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, waqothulwa kuze kube yilapho isibalo singabalulekanga. Ngemuva kwalokho abantu bashintshe izingqondo zabo bavikela lesi silwane esimpofu ngemithetho. Maphakathi nama-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inani lalaba bantu lifinyelela cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-70. Wahlala ezingeni elifanayo kwaze kwaba ngama-90s, waphinda futhi waqala ukuwa.

Isikhathi sokugcina izilwane zacatshangelwa ngonyaka we-2004. Kwakunezinkulungwane zazo ezingama-35. Kuze kube manje, inani ngqo lomuntu ohlukanisayo waseRussia alaziwa. Kodwa ngokusho kweminye imibiko, isibalo sikhuphuke kancane. Okungenani emvelweni, le nhlobo ikhona, kepha okuzokwenzeka kuyo ngokulandelayo kumbozwe ebumnyameni.

Ubude balezinhlobo bufika ku-12-16 cm. Umsila uhambelana nobude bomzimba. Isisindo sisukela ku-50 kuye kuma-80 amagremu. Isikhathi sokuphila sesilwane siyiminyaka engama-3-4. Umsila awucindezelwa kamuva, kepha unesimo esiyindilinga. Umbala wejazi ulula kunalowo ophikisana naye waseRussia. Izitho zimnyama - zicishe zaba mnyama.

U-Pyrenean desman udla ama-mollusks nezinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo. Imfologo ikhishwa hhayi kuphela ngamanzi, kepha nasemhlabeni. Isikhathi sokuzingela siwela ebusuku. Owesifazane ukhiqiza amazinyane ayi-2-5. Isikhathi sokukhwelana izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka. Izilwane zihlala ngababili. Inani lezinhlobo lifinyelela abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Izinza.

Phakathi kwezilwane ezingandile nezimangazayo kufaka phakathi i-desman. Lesi silwane besilokhu sihlala emhlabeni uMhlaba iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30.Ummeli waseRussia okwamanje ubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, ngoba inhlobo isemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Uhlobo olunjani lwesilwane, ukuthi lubukeka kanjani, lapho kuhlala khona lowo muntu, sifunda kulo mbhalo.

Ukuba ngumndeni wasendulo

Yebo, noma ngubani ongathandi ushintsho ungumuntu othanda iRussia. Lesi sakhi siphila emhlabeni ngaphandle kokushintsha iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30, ngenkathi sitholakala kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Isikhathi eside kangaka ukugwema ukuhlangana nomzabalazi oyingozi kunabo bonke emhlabeni - umuntu, kungaba isidalwa esiyimfihlo ngempela.

Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu base-Ukraine bangenisa imifula namachibi kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi baphila ngasikhathi sinye njengamamamms kanye nabameleli bakudala kakhulu beshiso lomlingo osekhanda, elasinda ezinsukwini zethu - nge-hatteria enamehlo amathathu.

I-proboscis imsondeza enonya, kepha kulapho ukufana kuphela khona. Umuntu waseRussia wanquma indlela yokuphila yezigidi zeminyaka edlule futhi uyanamathela kuyo namuhla.

Izitha eziphambili zikaKhokhuli

Ukubhujiswa kwalezi zilwane ezikhazimulayo kwaqala cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwa nencazelo yazo. Uboya bazo bake babukelwa ngaphezu kwe-fox ne-beaver, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezingaphenduki amanzi. Akukho okuncane okuhehayo abantu ne-musk ekhiqizwa yi-desman. Ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezazisinda ama-dinosaurs nempucuko yasemhlabeni, zazisondele ekuqothulweni ngenxa yokuhaha komuntu.

Ngekhulu lama-20 engxenyeni emaphakathi neRussia ukuzingela abantu ngokungemthetho kwavinjwa kabili, okusiza ukwandisa inani labantu bakhona, kepha akusizanga. Ngakho-ke, namuhla futhi, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa ngumthetho, kukhona umuntu waseRussia (i-Red Book yokuqinisekisa lokhu), kepha akubona abantu abakubhubhisa uqobo, kodwa ngumsebenzi wabo obalulekile.

Mangaki ama-muskrats asele

Namuhla, kuzo zonke izindawo ezijwayelekile zalesi silwane esimangalisayo, akusekho abantu abangaphezu kuka-30,000, futhi leli nani liyancipha minyaka yonke. Ngaphezu kwesitha esikhulu - umuntu, futhi unezitha zemvelo - izinyoni zezinyamazane, izimpungushe, ama-otter, njll.

Imvamisa desman uyafa ngenxa yezikhukhula lapho izidleke zazo zijulile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izilingo eziningi kakhulu nezitha zezidalwa ezincane kangaka. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, khona-ke eminyakeni engama-40-60 ungafunda kuphela ngabo encwadini noma ubabone kwi-TV. Ukuqothulwa kancane kancane kwalezi zilwane ezinhle kwenzeka emaphethelweni emifula efana neDon, Urals, Dnieper neVolga.

Ukutakulwa Kwe-Relic

Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukudonswa kwamanzi swamp kanye nezimbangi ezincane, ukunciphisa inani lezinambuzane nezimbaza ezidonswa umdlandla - konke lokhu kusabeka engcupheni inani lalezi zinhlobo. Ukuze okungenani balungise amaphutha abo ngandlela thile, ososayensi baqala ukwenza kabusha izilwane ezindaweni ezazingakaze zitholakale ngaphambili, futhi ngokumangala balindele ukuthi "abahlali" bazonikeza izingane endaweni entsha.

Ezinye izikhungo zezilwane zasekhaya kanye namapaki seziqalile ukuhlenga i-desman, zidala izimo zokuthunjwa ezihambisana nezemvelo. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisile, lokhu kuyasebenza, kepha ngokubhekisisa njalo izilwane. Kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthi inani labantu abangama-muskrat likhulu kangangokuba lingakhishwa kwiBhuku elibomvu.

Kungumbuzo ukuthi uzigcine zisesimweni sangasese, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukudala indawo yazo yokuhlala ekhaya. Njengamanje, i-desman ingabanjelwa kuphela ukuthutha kabusha, futhi noma ngabe kukhona izimvume, uma kungenjalo, abaxazululi bezinkinga bazobhekana nezinkinga nomthetho nabameli bezilwane zasendle.

Uma amanzi enyuka njengasogwini olusha, khona-ke kukhona ithemba lokuthi lezi zilwane ezimamatheka zizoqhubeka nokumela umjaho wazo wasendulo emhlabeni. Kulokhu, umuntu waseRussia uzothola udaba olusha, okuyincazelo emfushane ngalo esiyilethilele.

Buka: Intokazi yaseRussia

Ubukhulu: ubude bomzimba: 18-22 cm nomsila cishe ubude obufanayo, isisindo somzimba: kufika ku-500 g

Iskhathi sempilo: Iminyaka emi-4 ngokwemvelo, kuze kube seminyakeni engu-5 ekudingisweni

Umuntukazana ungenye yezinhlobo eziyinqaba nezingaqondakali zezilwane, ezisondele ekuqothulweni.

Izithombe zesimanje zalesi silwane ngokwemvelo zingaba zokugcina, uma ungenzi imizamo yokulondoloza ukubukeka okumangazayo.

Ukuthola isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu yedesmond, futhi ukuyibona kakhulu ezindaweni zemvelo, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima.

Lesi silwane esimangazayo nesimangalisa kakhulu sifa ngokushesha. Ukuthi inzalo yethu izombona yini ngokwemvelo umbuzo omkhulu.

Uma ubheka lesi sithombe, kubonakala sengathi ukumamatheka okuhle nokungapheliyo akusoze kwavela ebusweni besilwane

Izingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi

Isikhathi sokuphila komuntu ohleliwe cishe iminyaka emi-5, inqobo nje uma singafinyezwiswa yizici zangaphandle. Futhi lokhu kungaba ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ebusika okungalindelekile, kuthulula izimbobo lapho imindeni ingashona. Abantu abasindayo baphoqeleka ukuba basindise emarandeni, noma bambe ngokuphuthumayo imisele yesikhashana ezindaweni eziphephile. I-desman, engenazo izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, isiseduze, okwenza ukuba kutholakale izinyoni zezinyamazane, izinja ze-raccoon, izimpungushe, amagundane ampunga nezinkawu. Kusehlobo entwasahlobo lapho lowo muntu edlulela khona ezindaweni ezihlala omakhelwane, eshintsha indawo yokuhlala ayifunayo eseduze (indawo ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angama-5-6 ukusuka ekhaya lakhe lakudala).

Emanzini, i-Russian desman isengozini evela ohlangothini lwe-pikeperch, i-pike, ikati le-catfish kanye nezihlahla ezinkulu zomfula. Esikhathini esomile sasehlobo, isilwane kungenzeka singabekezeleli ukuguquka isikhathi eside endaweni enhle futhi sifa endleleni. Ngisho emgodini wakho siqu kunengozi yokuhlushwa izinselo zezinkomo zasendle, ezilimaza kalula izimbobo eziseduze kwendawo.

I-muskrat yabelana ngempumelelo nendawo yayo ngama-beaver, ngesinye isikhathi isebenzisa imisele yabo nemisele. Ebudlelwaneni balezi zilwane ukuhloniphana kuyalandelwa ngokusobala. Iqiniso laze laqashelwa lapho owedlali ekhuphuka e-beaver yokuphumula emhlane, yona eyidlulisela ngokuzolile.

Isibalo somuntu ngamunye waseDenmark

Ngekhulu le-19, ama-muskrats aqothulwa ngenxa yezikhumba zawo kanye no-musk liquid, okuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamanani awo. Njengamanje, inani ngqo lalezi zilwane alaziwa, ngoba yisilwane esithekile kakhulu futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nalo emhlabeni. Ngokuqagela kokulinganiselwa kososayensi, inani labantu ababulawa yi-desman liyizilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30.

Isibalo sezilwane sincishisiwe ngenxa yokungcola nokudonswa kwemizimba yamanzi, ukuwa kwezihlahla ezikhukhulayo, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu, ukuthuthukiswa komngcele nokusatshalaliswa kwamanethi. Izizathu zemvelo zokuncipha kwenani le-desman zingabikwa ngenxa yezikhukhula nobusika, lapho izikhukhula zamanzi zidla khona izidleke kanti nomuntu obalekayo akakwazi ukukhamba aze aqhamuke ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Emhlabeni, umuntu obalekayo akasizi ngalutho futhi kwesinye isikhathi uhlaselwa yizinja namakati, ama-otter, ama-ferrag, ama-ermines nezinyoni ezidla inyama.