Asellus aquaticus | |||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-Superfamily: | I-Aselloidea |
Buka: | Imbongolo yamanzi |
- Asellus aquaticus aquaticus
- Asellus aquaticus carniolicus
- I-Asellus aquaticus caricus
- Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus
- Asellus aquaticus cyclobranchialis
- I-Asellus aquaticus infernus
- Asellus aquaticus irregularis
- I-Asellus aquaticus longicornis
- I-Asellus aquaticus messerianus
- Asellus aquaticus strinatii
Imbongolo yamanzi ejwayelekile (lat. Asellus aquaticus) - uhlobo lwamanzi acwebile avela emgomweni wama-crosaceans we-isosome.
Incazelo
omdala obuphelele umzimba imbongolo amanzi - kusuka 10 kuya 20 mm. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ekhanda kukhona amehlo amabili ahleliwe kanye namabili wezintuthwane. Izimpondo zensikazi yokuqala imfushane, izintuthwane zedili lesibili zicishe zilingane nomzimba. mandibles Zinamandla azilingani (njengabanye peracarida), omunye wabo (kwesokunxele) has ipuleti ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yokudla ngokweqile kwama-mandibles isebenza njengokuluma ukudla, kanye nengulule yomugqa - wokugaya kwayo. I-Palp yokuvumelekile ihlukaniswe kane. Kukhona amabili namabhuzu maxillae, ingxenye yokuqala thoracic, ihlanganiswe ne ikhanda, linombhalo maxilliped. Imilenze ye-thoracic (ama-thoracopods) ngamabili ayisikhombisa - amathathu okuqala aqondiswa phambili, alandelayo - ezinhlangothini, kanti amathathu asele - emuva. Ebhangisini elingaphambili lemilenze ye-pectoral kunemifantu ebambekile. Laba bobabili wesine imilenze emikhulu kwabesilisa kuka nabesifazane, futhi isetshenziselwa kokuzalela. Ezibayeni ezine zangaphambili zemilenze ye-pectoral, izinsikazi zinokuhlotshaniswa okwenziwe ngamaqabunga - i-oostegitis, zakha igumbi le-brood (marsupium). Imilenze yesisu (ama-pleopods) yamabili okuqala ahlelwe ngokuhlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ipheya lokuqala imilenze azalela ziyancipha kakhulu, kwesibili - encishisiwe ngokuphelele. Emadodeni, womabili la mabhangqwana aguqulwa ngokuqinile futhi adlala indima yempahla enkulu kakhulu. Igatsha elingaphandle (i-exopodite) lesibili lemilenze yesisu liguqulwa libe yisigaxa esimboza izinto ezi-gill - igatsha elingaphakathi (i-endopodite) yesibili nemilenze yamabhangqa angama-4-5. Posterior nemilenze besisu (6 pair th) - uropods, zingabantu induku okwenyanga legatsha, induku emuva imisebenzi ebucayi. Zonke izingxenye zesisu, ngaphandle kwezangaphandle ezimbili, zihlanganisiwe ne-telson emnyangweni ojwayelekile - pleotelson.
Ukuzala
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa ubamba insikazi isikhathi esingangesonto, abe emhlane wakhe. Ngemva kwalokho copulation kwenzeka, khona-ke nokwebuza kuthiwa ama zesifazane. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-100 azithwala esikhwameni sezinyosi. Ama-crustaceans amasha ashiya isikhwama ngemuva kwamaviki angama-3-6, ngalesi sikhathi aba njengezilwane ezindala. Esikhathini zemibungu amaqanda eliphuma izibungu wokuqala esigabeni (Ukukhanya Okuholela) e ngaphambili kwesifuba babe ezihlobene ekhethekile - mhlawumbe gills sombungu. Ekamelweni le-brood, izibungu zenza izinhlayiya ezintathu, khona-ke imbangi encane eyakhiwe ngokuphelele iphuma egumbini.
Habitat
Asellus aquaticus uhlala umile noma wavuma egijima maphakathi nezwe amanzi. Idla izingxenye zezitshalo eziwohlokayo, azithobisi ikhwalithi lamanzi futhi iqine kakhulu. Ingaphila isikhathi esithile emanzini ezindaweni ezihlala phansi kakhulu ze-oxygen noma ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic. Amanzi imbongolo nkomba kakhulu ezingcoliswe imizimba amanzi, kodwa ungakwazi nihlale chweba emachibini, emifuleni kanye umfula kaNkulunkulu ugcwele amanzi anele okumsulwa. Lapho okokugcina omile, uvele umfula udonsa. Imbongolo yamanzi ingatholakala unyaka wonke, kufaka ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina iqhwa.
Indlela yokuphila
izimbongolo Water zisebenzisa nemilenze yabo musa ukubhukuda, futhi ukuhambisa ngezansi. Zihlala ezansi noma zigibela izitshalo zamanzi. Izilwane zibukeka zivilapha, kepha engcupheni zingaguga kakhulu. Abakwazi simelane umfula eqinile wamanje kanye nokuvakasha. Ezindongeni ezinamazinga okugeleza angaphezu kuka-5 cm ngomzuzwana, azihlali isikhathi eside. Iqiniso ngukuthi kuleli zinga lokugeleza awukho umgodi owanele ovela ezingxenyeni ezifile zezitshalo njengomthombo wokudla kwezimbongolo zamanzi. Isikhathi sokuphila mayelana 1 unyaka.
Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-macrobenthos, zivame ukusebenza njengokudla kwezinhlanzi emgqeni wokudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, zingaba abathwali be-acantocephalosis yezinhlanzi, uma zingenwe yimikhuba (Acanthocephala) Izinhlobo eziningi zama-invertebrates e-carnivorous, njenge-leeches, izimbungulu zamanzi, njll., Zidla ezimbongolweni zamanzi.
Uhlala kuphi imbongolo yamanzi?
Ummeleli evamile ye crustacean isopod kwaziwa kahle, abahlala amachibi ugu, amachibi ngisho amaxhaphozi ensimini ka ezweni lethu.
Emanzini anenkambo, mancane kakhulu okuvamile, kukhethwa kakhulu amanzi amile. Izimbongolo zamanzi azibhukudi njengama-crustaceans amaningi - ngokuqhaqhazela, kodwa ngokulinganayo ziya phambili. Phakathi nohambo lwabo lwasolwandle crustacean kugcina umzimba ngendlela evundlile.
Emanzini, lezi zidalwa zigijima ngokushesha, zeminwe kalula ngemilenze emincane futhi zibeka phambili izintokazi ezi-4. Uma i-crustacean isuswa emanzini, ihamba kancane ngaphansi kwesisindo somzimba wayo. Imilenze yakhe iyizinsika ngokwanele eqinile ukuze afike phezulu kwabo futhi ngihambe ezweni.
Imbongolo enamanzi, njengamanye ama-isosomes, inomzimba omncane. Ekhanda kukhona amabhangqa ama-2 wezintuthwane, amehlo ahlala phansi nemihlathi. Wamabele imilenze mncane babe izimpiko encane zamanga. Ezinsikazi, engxenyeni engaphambili yemilenze ye-pectoral kukhona izinto ezenziwe ngamahlamvu, okuthi, lapho kuncike komunye nomunye, zakhe isikhwama sezingane. Imilenze ebuthakathaka yokuhamba kwama-crustaceans ivame ukugqashuka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi idatshulwa yizitha, kepha ngesikhathi sokuncibilika imilenze iphinde yenziwe kabusha, yize ngosayizi lihlala lincane kunelinye.
Izimbongolo Amandla amanzi
Ukudla kuqukethe izitshalo zokubola. Ukwanda kwesibalo sezimbongolo zamanzi kungenxa yokuthi azifunwa ezimweni zokuphila, ngoba kunezitshalo eziningi ezijikelezayo yonke indawo. Ezibolile isitshalo izinsalela ezinamagobolondo udle emhlabeni ohlangothini engezansi. Zikhuhla izicubu ezithambile ezitshalweni, futhi kusele umucu nje kuphela, onamaseli amancane.
Izimbongolo zamanzi nazo zidla izitshalo eziphilayo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke izimbongolo amanzi bahlala labo machibi kulo elachithwa esiningi amahlamvu abolile. Lezi zidalwa zithanda amaqabunga e-alder, elm, oki. Kepha bathanda izinaliti kancane. Ukudla okuyintandokazi - ulwelwe filamentous, okuyinto entwine kwamanzi snags namanzi izimbali. Imbongolo ngosuku idla inani lokudla, okuyi-5% yesisindo somzimba wayo. Kuyo yonke impilo, imbongolo ngayinye yamanzi idla cishe amamitha angama-170 okudla kwezitshalo.
Inani lamanzi emphilweni izimbongolo angenasawoti
Lezi zidalwa ezincane zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yezidumbu zamanzi endaweni yehlathi kanye ne-steppe steppe yezwe lethu. Izimbongolo zamanzi ziphakathi kwezinto ezimbalwa ezingasebenzisa amaqabunga abolile futhi ziguqule amandla azo zibe amafomu atholakala kwezinye izidalwa. Lezi zilwanyana ezinomzimba omalungalunga enze umsebenzi efanayo nemisundu eminingi, okuyinto inqubo ukhuni bawa amaqabunga amanzi nezimbongolo kuphela kusetshenzwe amacembe awohloka emanzini.
Uma kunamaqabunga amaningi awile, izimbongolo zamanzi zikhula ngamanani amakhulu. Ngama-biomass abo, angakwazi ukuhlala endaweni yoku-1 phakathi kwezinye izidalwa zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Rybinsk kwesigubhu, zingabantu iqembu elikhulu izidalwa benthic.
Izimbongolo ziqongelela izakhamzimba eziqukethwe amaqabunga, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube ukudla okuhle kwezinhlanzi. Lezi crustaceans zitholakala njalo emathunjini ama-ruffs, carps, crucians, burbots kanye ne-whitefish. Sakhalin amanzi izimbongolo zikhuthele ngesisekelo ekudleni monkfish. ELake Baikal izidalwa zalezi crustaceans zithakazelisa kakhulu. Leli chibi lidala kakhulu, alikaxhumeki nezinye izidumbu zamanzi, futhi ukujula kwalo nosayizi kuyamangalisa. izinhlobo eziningi eziphilayo crustacean e iChibi iBaikal ahlukile, kungukuthi atholakala kweminye imizimba yamanzi, ie-ke sekuphenduke umkhuba iChibi iBaikal. Izimbongolo zolwandle iBaikal zihlala ikakhulu emifantweni ephakathi kwamatshe nangaphansi kwamatshe, ngakho-ke zihlala zingafinyeleleki ezinhlanzini.
Ukuqongelela kwezimbongolo zamanzi.
Isihlobo abaseduze sea imbongolo isopod zasolwandle - umbazi odla ukhuni ilimaza izakhiwo lokhuni. Ngaphandle, amahlosi ezinkuni afana nezintwala zokhuni. Ezilwandle ezisenyakatho nezaseMpumalanga Ekude, izinhlobo ezi-4 zalezi crustaceans ziyaziwa. borers Habitat kukhona yinqwaba lokhuni kanye nemikhumbi lokhuni. Ama-crustaceans enza ukunyakaza ngokhuni ngosizo lwama-mandibles abo abukhali, abhubhisa, njengomthetho, ihlobo, izingqimba ezithambile, futhi ashiye abusika. Baconsa izindinyana ezishaywe ngokhuni ezinkulu ezikhudlwana kunobubanzi bemizimba yabo bese bedlulela ezingxenyeni zasehlobo zokukhula kwesihlahla. Zonke uhamba uxhumeke kwi-ngaphandle by izimbobo eyodwa noma ezimbili. Kulezi zinyathelo, abesifazane bahlala njalo, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-5 kanye nabesilisa abancane. Kepha umuthi ulinyazwa ikakhulukazi ngabesifazane. Izinkuni ebusweni, ezinamagobolondo yamba kuba okuxekethile sithambile, lapho ukhuni umkhiqizo uphelelwa amandla awo.
Ngezinyathelo ezifanayo, izinhlonyane ziyanda. Ukukhula okuncane kukhethwa emaphethelweni nokubhukuda kunalokho ngokushesha ngohlangothi lwayo lwangaphansi kusetshenziswa imilenze yesisu. Kusukela yendawo azalelwa kuyo intsha hhayi kokuhamba at ibanga ezingaphezu kuka 1 imitha. Lawa ma crustaceans ahlala kancane nje ngenxa yolwandle lwamanje.
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Imbongolo Habitat
ezinamagobolondo Water imbongolo atholakala endaweni cishe yonke iYurophu, emaphakathi neRussia ne eCaucasus. Ama-crustaceans amancane ahlala emanzini amasha, akhetha imifula emincane enenkambo ehamba kancane, amachibi namachibi. Zitholakala nasezingubeni ezinkulu. Izimbongolo afihle e amahlozi ezimila emanzini nangaphansi kwamadwala.
Uma i-reservoir inezimila eziningi ezibolile, khona-ke ama-crustaceans ahlala kuyo ngamanani amakhulu. Kumitha elilodwa lesikwele, kunabantu abangafika kwabangu-7. Abolile ulwelwe kanye imihlanga asetshenziselwa ezinamagobolondo ukudla kuphela. Bacubungula lokhu kukhula, beqongelela izakhamzimba ngokwabo, emva kwalokho baba ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene. Ama-crustaceans amancane anezitha eziningi. Lezi zihlanganisa:
Izimbongolo zamanzi ziqinile futhi zingaphila emanzini nge-oxygen oxygen low. Uma ichibi loma, khona-ke ama-crustaceans aqhuma noma asesimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe kuze kube lina.
Izakhamuzi zokuhlobisa
Abanye abathanda impilo yasemanzini baziveza ngamabomu izimbongolo ezindaweni zabo zasemanzini. Lezi zidalwa zithakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibuka. Kubo efanelekayo umthamo ongaphakeme owathela isihlabathi indawo futhi amatshe amancane abekwa. Ingxenye yedamu kufanele itshalwe nezitshalo.
Uma i-aquarium isetshenziswe isikhathi eside, futhi izitshalo ezikuyo sezikhule ngokwanele, khona-ke izimbongolo azikwazi ukondliwa, ngoba zizokondla kulolu hlaza.
Okuphakelayo kwezitshalo
Imvamisa, izimbongolo zamanzi zisetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuphakelayo, ngoba kuncane okungaqhathaniswa nenani lazo lokudla. Ngenxa yokuthi ungqimba lwe-chitinous lwama crustaceans uthambile impela, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi lungazidla. Bona abaluleke kakhulu aquarists, ababhema unogada inakekelwa izinhlanzi.
Ukuze kuzalwe ama-crustaceans abantu abangu-10−20 kwethulwa idamu eliyisicaba elibanzi eline-aeration dhaifu. Kufanele kube nabesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa. Phansi aquarium uphahlwe namahlamvu awile nezigaxa zezithelo Java moss. Njengokudla kwama-crustaceans sebenzisa ama-hercule nezingcezu zemifino.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ama-crustaceans azalela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze ondle izinhlanzi zabo, likhiphe amaqabunga, lapho izimbongolo ahlale Friend kakhulu, futhi kugeze e aquarium nenhlanzi.
Umeleli ngamunye wezilwane zasendle unesifiso sokubukwa. Izimbongolo zamanzi ngeke zibe ukudla kwabakhileyo base-aquarium kuphela, kodwa futhi zisebenza njengezilwane ezifuywayo.