Ngama-moles, noma kunalokho, ngemisebenzi yabo enomsindo, abanikazi bezingadi nezingadi zasekhishini bavame ukutholakala. Ngemuva kwabo, bashiya izindunduma zobumba ezihlanzekile ezitholakala kuwo wonke umhubhe owembiwe yi-mole. Konke bekuzoba okulungile ukube bekungengenxa yezimpande ezilimele zezihlahla, imibhede yezimbali eyonakele, izindlela ezigadwe engadini. Konke lokhu kufanele kubuyiselwe. Kuyacaca ukuthi imvukuzane ayikwenzanga lokhu ngenhloso, kodwa ifuna ukudla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, udla izinambuzane kanye neminyundu, eningi kakhulu emhlabeni othambile nensimu owakhiwe kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awunakuchazela imvukuzane ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukonakalisa ukwakheka kwekhishi ehlobo.

Lezi zilwane zichitha iningi lezimpilo zazo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlala bemba imigudu, eneminyakazo eminingi namagatsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungaba okungalungile ukusho ukuthi imvukuzane ingaphila kuphela ngaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zilwane zizizwa zizinhle ebusweni, futhi ziyakwazi nokubhukuda. Vele, lokhu akusebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zazo, kepha kusetshenziselwa ingxenye ethile yazo. Ummeleli wabo okhanyayo yi-mole - eveza izinkanyezi. Imvamisa itholakala emifuleni nasemachibini, lapho idla khona ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans.

Izwe laseMolehill yiNyakatho Melika naseCanada. Ihlala eduze kwamachibi, imifula nezixhaphozi. Ishelter yakha ngaphansi kwama-stumps abolile noma ama-swamp bumps. Lesi yisakhiwo esithandekayo esingaphansi komhlaba, esinezinyathelo eziningi namagatsha. Imvukuzane igaya umhlabathi ngama-paws wayo angaphambili, ngenkathi iwuphonsa ebusweni. Umphumela uba uchungechunge lwama-knoll acocekile atholakala ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka komunye nomunye, kuyo yonke inkambo yokumba. Ngokungafani nezinye izimvukuzane, i-zdozdozon imvamisa ishiya indawo yayo yokuhlala ibheke ebusweni.

Isilwane sincane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe abudluli amasentimitha ayi-13. Isisindo somuntu omdala singafinyelela ku-80 amagremu. Ubuso bemvukuzane buthambile. Izindlebe zilahlekile. Indima yezitho zokuthinta yenziwa ukukhula kwesikhumba okungamashumi amabili nambili okukhona ekhaleni. Ngaphandle ziyefana kakhulu ne-asterisk. Ngalesi sizathu, imvukuzane ibizwa nangokuthi i-star-ginger. Ukukhula ngakunye okunjalo kunobude bamasentimitha amane futhi kufakwe ama-nerve receptors abizwa ngokuthi i-Aimer litho. Ukukhula okungama-20 kuyasebenza. Ngosizo lwabo, imvukuzane ihlala iskena indawo ezungezile ukuze ithole ukudla. Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yayo, isilwane sidinga izingxenyana zesekhondi. Ngomzuzwana owodwa, imvukuzane ingahlola izinto ezi-13 ezihlukile.

Ama-paws emvukuzane anikezwa uzipho olunjengefosholo. Ngosizo lwabo, wemba izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba. Isidumbu simbozwe ngejazi eliminyene, elimnyama ngombala omnyama. Isilwane sisebenzisa umsila waso omude ukuqoqa amafutha. Ekupheleni kwekwindla, ububanzi bayo bukhuphuka kakhulu.

Imvukuzane idla okuvela emhlabathini, ezinambuzaneni, kumagundane, ezinqoleni, ezinhlanzini, ezinama crustaceans, izibungu namasele. Lapho ethola inyamazane, ubamba ngokushesha amazinyane ayo futhi alume ngamazinyo abukhali. Isifiso sakhe siyamangalisa. Isilwane esidala singadla inani lokudla okuhambelana nesisindo saso ngosuku.

Isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe, imvukuzane imatasa igaya imihubhe engaphansi komhlaba. Indawo yakhe yokuhlala iyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhamba emxhuma ebusweni nethafa. Isilwane sisebenzisa iminyakazo ebekwe eduze kwasendaweni yokuzingela. Kukhona negumbi lokuphumula, phansi kwalo kumbozwe ngamahlamvu moss namaqabunga omile. Kulapha lapho i-starfish yowesifazane ikhula khona inzalo. Ubude bendawo ephelele yokumbiwa yi-mole ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-300. Lesi silwane siguge kakhulu. Kungaphambuka futhi ngesivinini esikhulu kuhambisane nokudlula komhlaba.
Imvukuzane ayiweleli ku-hibernation. Ukudlula endle echibini kuyamvumela ukuba azingele ebusika. Ingaphezulu lesithando selimboziwe ngeqhwa, futhi ukuze kutholwe ukudla, imvukuzane kufanele igxume ngaphansi kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingahlala ngaphandle komoya isikhathi eside. Ehlobo, imvukuzane nayo ingazingela ngaphezulu. Ushesha kakhulu kunezihlobo zakhe, futhi angazithola ngokushesha izinambuzane edoti lwehlathi.

Ama-Starfish ahlala emakoloni amancane, aze afike ezilwaneni ezingamashumi amane ngehektha ngalinye. Kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwe kuze kufinyelele ezinganeni eziyisikhombisa. Zimpumputhe ngokuphelele futhi azisizi. Izinwele emzimbeni wazo zivela kuphela evikini lesibili. Emavikini amane badla ubisi lwebele kuphela. Baqala ukuzimela ngenyanga yeshumi.

Izitha zemvelo zemvukuzane - izinkanyezi, izimpungushe, izinyoni, ama-martens, ama-skunks. Emanzini, angaba isisulu sokwenza i-pike noma i-perch.

YINI UKUDLA

Ama-moles offishfish afuna ukudla isikhathi esiningi. Ngobumnandi obukhulu badla iminyonyane, ebizingelwa ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphansi kwayo. Uhluka kwezinye izinhlobo zemvukuzane ngoba uthola amaphesenti angama-80 okudla kwakhe ngaphansi kwamanzi, azingela izibungu ezihlala emanzini, kanye nezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans, iminenke nezinhlanzi, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwakhe. Indima ebalulekile ekutholeni inyamazane idlalwa yi-22 motile, izinqubo ezibucayi ezitholakala ekhaleni le-stargazer. Ngesikhathi sokutadisha ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, amagatsha angama-20 athela inkanyezi athinta inhlabathi, ngenkathi amabili kuwo ahlala eqondiswa phambili. Ngesikhathi sokudla, le molekhi icindezela okwezengezo zesifumbu.

LIFESTYLE

Ama-Stargazers ahlala emhlabathini oswakeme, ahlala ogwini lwamachibi nemifula. Zisebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ebusika, lapho umhlaba ubanda, futhi nokuthola ukudla kuba nzima, izinkanyezi zihlala isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Babhukuda ngokungafanele futhi bathuthele beyofuna ukudla. Emanzini, imilenze nomsila we-mole uhamba ngesigqi esifanayo. Izinkanyezi ezinamandla ziyakwazi ukungena ngaphansi kweqhwa. Njengama-moles amaningi, isibungu senkanyezi simba imigodi engaphansi komhlaba ngezinsika zayo zangaphambili, lapho sicwaninga khona izibungu zomhlaba kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane. Kepha umba umhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile, ukhetha ukubhukuda. Umhlonyane onobubanzi obungu-60 cm nokuphakama okungama-15 cm uvame ukutholakala eduze kwamanzi uqobo. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-moles amaningi anenkanyezi ahlala endaweni eyodwa, kepha ngamunye wawo usebenzisa uhlelo lwawo lwamakhorali, ngoba izindunduma akuzona izilwane zomphakathi. Ama-Star-snouts ahlala eyedwa, futhi kuphela lapho owesilisa esezintweni lapho owesilisa ehlala nowesifazane. Lapho behlangana, izimvukuzane ziziphatha ngendlela engeyona inokhahlo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lezi zilwane zikhala ngamathoni aphezulu.

Ukusikisela

Owesilisa nowesifazane bachitha ubusika ndawonye. Isikhathi sokukhula semvukuzane yenkanyezi siqala ngasekupheleni kobusika kuya ku-Ephreli, kwesinye isikhathi sidonsela kuMeyi. Ngesikhathi sokuzalelana, izidlala zezilwane zikhipha iphunga elizwakala njengephunga le-parsnip. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ithola isiqephu sendawo eyomile endaweni yayo futhi yakha isidleke esidlekwe ngotshani namaqabunga. Amacuba azalwa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Owesifazane ubeletha amawundlu ayi-2-7, ngalinye elinesisindo esingu-1.5 g nje kuphela, kodwa selivele linendawo yokuphuma, noma inkanyezi emhlolweni wayo. Amakhulu azalwa enqunu futhi engenakusizwa, kepha akhula ngokushesha futhi emavikini amathathu ashiya isidleke - ngalesi sikhathi asevele ezimele, yize enesisindo esiphindwe kathathu kunabazali bawo. Bonke abameleli bomndeni we-mole bazala kanye ngonyaka. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba, i-starfish akuvamile ukuba inyamazane yezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke ukwehla kwezinga eliphansi akuvimbi ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo.

Incazelo

Ubude babadala buyi-12-13 cm, kanti umsila ngu-5-8,5 cm. Isisindo sisukela ku-35 siye ku-80 g.

Umzimba mncane njengesilinda. Intamo imfushane. Izimbobo ezifana nefosholo yangaphambili ziphendulwa izintende zezandla bese zifanelwa ukumba inhlabathi nokubhukuda. Ezinyaweni kukhona iminwe emihlanu ephethe izigqoko ezibukhali.

I-snout iqukethe amahlumela amabili ansundu apinki noma abomvu asetshenziselwa ukufuna ukudla. Bona-ke, bahlukaniswe ngamabhangqwana ayi-11 ezinqubo ezilandelwayo ku-1-4 mm ubude. I-pair ephezulu isetshenziswa njengesitho sokuthinta, kanti okuseleyo kuklanyelwe ukubamba inyamazane. Umbhangqwana we-10 mfushane kunawo wonke futhi ukhonza ukuthumela ukudla ukuvula umlomo. Kunamazinyo amancane amancane angama-44 emlonyeni.

Ijazi liqinile, lifushane futhi limnyama onsundu. Ayimanzi futhi igcina ukushisa kahle. Umhlane umnyama, kwesinye isikhathi umnyama, kanti isisu simnyama. Ekuqaleni kobusika, ukuqina komsila kukhuphuka amahlandla amathathu kuya kwamane. Iqongelela amanoni esimweni sokudla okunempilo.

Isikhathi sokuphila sabathwali bezinkanyezi endle siyiminyaka engama-3-4; ekuthunjweni, abakade bephila isikhathi eside baphila iminyaka engama-25.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO. UNYAZI LOKHO.

• Zonke izimvukuzane zinombono ophansi impela, ngoba izilwane zisebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sazo ngaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zilwanyana ezifihliwe zihlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama, kepha azikwazi ukubona ukuphambuka kwezinto.
• I-Stargazer iyona kuphela imvukuzane ethola iningi lezisulu zayo emanzini.
• Ijazi le-velvet fur le moles lisiza ukunyakaza kwalo kunoma yiliphi uhlangothi, ngoba izinwele ezikulo zikhula zibheke phezulu.
• I-Stargazer ayifihli. Ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umsila walesi simungumfu uya uba mncane, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi izinsalela zamafutha isilwane asibeka emsileni sezivele sezisetshenzisiwe.
• Ngama-paws anamandla, umsunguli wezinkanyezi uyakwazi ukumba umgodi wamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu emhlabathini ngomzuzu.

Ihlala kuphi imvukuzane?

Le nhlobo ingatholakala eCanada (eningizimu-mpumalanga) nase-USA (enyakatho-mpumalanga). Ukhetha izindawo ezimanzi nezinamanzi lapho kungahlala khona: amabhange asemifudlaneni, amahlathi omswakama kanye nezindawo ezinoxhaphozi.

Umehluko phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwemvukuzane ukuthi imvama ukuya ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi lapho uyijaha ingasinda ngokushesha noma icashe, iwele emhlabathini.

Njenganoma iyiphi imvukuzane imbe imigodi ebusheni bomhlaba, ukungena kwendlu yakhe kuyisimo sobumba sobumba ebusweni. Imvukuzane ihlela indawo yokuhlala ukunambitheka kwayo, ngaphansi kwamaqhubu obumba noma ngesigaxa esibolile, ibeka indawo yokuphumula enamaqabunga owomile, ama-moss. Ezinye izindinyana zayo ezingaphansi komhlaba ziholela endaweni yokugcina amanzi.

Akwazi ukubhukuda kahle kuphela, kepha futhi ungene emanzini. Lapho ebhukuda, wonke amalungu alo ayamsiza, kanye nomsila, osebenza njengevili lakhe. Ebusika, lingahamba ngaphansi kweqhwa, lizitholele ukudla ngendlela yama crustaceans, izinambuzane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, mhlawumbe, zibambe izinhlanzi ezincane. Emhlabeni, izimpethu kanye nama-mollusks kuba ukudla kwakhe.

Lapho ufuna ukudla, cishe wonke amatende asesibekweni ahlala esesho - ukunyakaza, ngaphandle kwamabili, okungeke kugobe futhi kubhekiswe phambili kuphela. Imvukuzane idla, ibambe ukudla ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili, kuyilapho onke amisebe ehehwa yisigaxa.

Emini ngisho nasebusuku, i-stargazer isebenza kakhulu, ihlala ihamba, ngakho-ke inesifiso esihle sokudla. Cishe wonke amahora okuvuka ayohamba ayofuna ukudla. Awunawo umkhuba wokucasha ubusika.

Izitha zalenkanyezi iyizinyoni ezidla inyama (izikhova, izikhova, izikhova), izimpungushe, izikebhe, izinyoka, ngisho nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi (i-inch-mouthed enkulu nenkungu yenkomo).

IZIPHUMA ZOKUXHUMANA KWE-MOLE STAR. ISIHLOKO

Umzimba: Inesimo esilinganiselwe, ngenkathi ikhanda sengathi lixhumeke ngqo emzimbeni, ngaphandle kokudlulela entanyeni.

Amehlo: incane kepha ayifihlekile ngaphansi kwesikhumba. I-starfish ayinazo i-auricles zangaphandle; ukuvuleka kwezimbozo kumbozwe ngoboya.

Impumulo: Emakhaleni e-Stargazer azungezwe izinqubo ezingama-22 ezinamahlwili ezinama-tentile ezinjengama-tentgraph lapho ama-ukunambitheka etholakala khona. Lapho isilwane sifuna ukudla, izinqubo ezingama-20 zihlala zihamba njalo. Ngesikhathi sokudla, i-starfish ibacindezela kuze kube yi-muzzle, kuthi ngenkathi bemba umhlaba bese bebhukuda ivale emakhaleni abo nabo.

Umsila: mude, embozwe ngezikali ezi-horny, zenezelwe izinwele ezikhephukile. Emanzini, unyakazisa ekushayweni kwemilenze.

Ukubikezela: imvukuzane inokubona okumangazayo okukhulu, okude nobubanzi. Amabhulashi abo abheke ngaphandle. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, kusebenza njengamaphini, futhi lapho bemba imigudu engaphansi komhlaba, basebenza njengefosholo. Kunezinhlwayi ezinhlanu ezinamandla “engalweni” ngayinye ye-starfish.

- Indawo yokuhlala kwenkanyezi-imol

LAPHO UKUPHILA

I-Stargazer ijwayelekile enyakatho yeQuebec kanye nakwiNhlonhlo yeLabrador eCanada. Umngcele oseningizimu webanga udlula ezintabeni zase-Allegany nase-Okofenoki imashi esifundazweni saseGeorgia.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

I-Stargazer ijwayelekile ezindaweni eziningi zohla lwayo. Kuhlala indawo enomswakama engakulungele ukulima.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Akukho okuhlukile kwezihlobo zezimvukuzane, abathwali bezinkanyezi bakha ama-labyrinths wezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukulandelela ngesimo sezindunduma zobumba endaweni eyisicaba kunika indawo yazo.

Eminye yemihubhe iholela endaweni yokugcina amanzi, eminye ixhumeke kumagumbi okuphumula ahlomile. Izitshalo ezomile, amaqabunga namahlumela ziqongelela lapho. Amacala aphezulu, asondele ebusweni bomhlaba, awokuzingela, imigodi ejulile yendawo yokukhosela ezitheni nasekukhuliseni inzalo.

Ubude bendawo yonke yemigudu bufinyelela kumamitha angama-250 ukuya kwangama-200. Ijubane lokuhamba kwesilwane ngemigudu liphakeme kunesivinini segundane eligijimayo. Ama-moles akhiqiza izinkanyezi asebenzayo anobuhlobo obuningi bento yamanzi. Ababhukudi abahle futhi abahlukahlukene, baze bazingele nangaphansi kwechibi.

Ebusika uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa emanzini. Azizi ekuweni hibernation, ngakho-ke zizingela abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ubusuku nemini futhi bathola izinambuzane zobusika ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.

Phezu komhlaba, izinkanyezi zisebenza kakhulu kunama-moles. Zinezindlela zazo kanye nezindlela zazo emajiyeni aminyene nangamahlamvu awile lapho izidalwa eziphilayo ezincane zihamba khona. Ubukhazikhazi bezilwane bubenza bambe imigodi emisha uma kungekho kudla okusele emhubheni edlule.

Imvukuzane yenza uhambo lokuzingela amahlandla ama-4-6 ngosuku, okuthi phakathi kwayo iphumule futhi idle inyamazane yayo. Uhlangothi lwezenhlalo lwempilo yomthwali wemvukuzane luphawulwa ekudalweni kwamakholoni amancane.

Cishe abantu abangama-25- 40 bawa ehektheleni elilodwa lendawo. Amaqembu awazinzile, kuvame ukuhlukana. Ukuxhumana kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuphawula kubalulekile.

Abaphuli bezinkanyezi bahlala befuna ukudla, kepha futhi bayizinto ezijwayelekile zokuzingela izinyoni zasebusuku, izinja, amasela, izimpungushe, izimpisi kanye nezihlobo zabo. Ama-Largemouth perches nama-bullfrogs angagwinya i-starfish ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Ebusika, lapho kunokuntuleka kokudla, izinyamazane zidonsa izinyoni zasendlini ezivela emagumbini angaphansi komhlaba. Kwama-falcons nezikhova, lokhu futhi kuyisidlo esimnandi.

Umsoco

Ngokumangazayo, i-mole starfish ibhekwa njengeyinyamazane ene-reflex yokudla okusheshayo. Kwikota nje yesekhondi, angathola, aqaphele futhi adle inambuzane encane, izibungu noma okuthile okunjalo.

Imvamisa lo mbumbulu uthola ukudla kwawo emanzini. Akesabi ngokuphelele amanzi futhi angahlala isikhathi eside kuwo. Kule ndawo, ukudla kwabo kwenziwa ngama-crustaceans amancane, izinhlanzi nezinambuzane zasemanzini, njenge-bug yamanzi, noma ibhungane lokubhukuda.

Ukuze ulume igobolondo lesinambuzane, elinzima kakhulu ngosayizi waso, izinkanyezi zidinga imihlathi enamandla. Ngempela, lapho kuhlolwa amazinyo alesi simungumungwane ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, ososayensi bathola ukuthi wayenamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ama-fangs. Amazinyo amfushane cishe awatholakali emhlathini, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kufana nokomhlathi wenja. Ngokwalesi sibonakaliso, i-starfish ingabikwa njengezilwane ezidla ezinye.

Ngabe kwenzeka kanjani ukuba i-star starfish izale?

Ososayensi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi amagundane ezinkanyezi athuthukisa imizwa eyodwa, futhi owesilisa nowesifazane balolu hlobo, abangabalingani bobulili, bangahlala besendaweni efanayo yokuzingela. Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane zinenhlalo enkulu kunezinye izimvukuzane, ngokuvamile azizibekezeleli izinhlobo zazo endaweni yokuzingela ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela.

Ama-moles athola izinkanyezi angakha amaqembu angazinzile endaweni eyodwa enkulu yokuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane ngasinye sinegumbi elilodwa ukusuka emakamelweni angaphansi komhlaba, asembozwe ngotshani futhi asetshenziselwa ukuphumula.

Isikhathi sokuzalela i-starfish senzeka entwasahlobo: eningizimu yebanga ngoMashi-Ephreli, nasenyakatho ngoMeyi-Juni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-45, kwilitha elilodwa kungasukela ezingamawundini amabili kuya kwayi-7 (imvamisa kube ngu-3-4).

Amakhulu azalwa enqunu ngokuphelele, “anezinkanyezi” ezingakhuli kahle emakhaleni abo, kodwa akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kakade lapho sebeneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, bashintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni kwabantu abadala, bashiye isidleke bese bahlakazeka bazungeze indawo ezungezile yendawo yokuzingela yabazali, bahlola izindawo ezazingakaze zithintwe ngaphambili, noma bangena ezindaweni zomakhelwane abangasekho.

Ezinyangeni eziyi-10, amagundane amancane avuthwa ngokocansi, futhi ngokujwayelekile intwasahlobo elandelayo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwawo asevele ebamba iqhaza ekuzaleni.

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwe-rat ratfish yiminyaka engu-3-4. Ekuthunjweni, abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7, kepha ngokwemvelo inani elikhulu lezilwane ezisencane lifa kuzipho namazinyo ezitha.

Naphezu kwendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba nephunga elingathandeki, izinyoni zezinkanyezi zizingela izinyoni ezidla inyama (ama-falcons nezikhova), kanye nezimpungushe, ama-skunks, ama-martens, izinja, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebusika, lapho lezi zitha ezinkulu zingakhethi kakhulu lapho zikhetha ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezincelisayo ezifuywayo zivame ukudonsa izilwane ngqo emaphaketheni azo okuphakelayo aseduze kobuso bomhlaba.

Ngokwengxenye yokudla okusebenzayo kwabadla izinyamazane, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokulima komhlaba kanye nokwehla kwendawo yokuhlala yangempela, imodeli ye-starfish ayisiyiningi namuhla njengoba yayinamakhulu eminyaka edlule. Noma kunjalo, akuyona eyezilwane ezingajwayelekile, futhi isimo sayo njengezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo asibangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kochwepheshe emkhakheni wokuvikela imvelo.

Imvukuzane enenkanyezi ayisiyo inkathazo enkulisayo yezolimo.Ama-maroty ama-biotopes akhetha impilo awakulungele kakhulu ukulima ngasese noma ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo kwezimboni, futhi ngenxa yalokho intshisekelo yakhe nezintshisekelo zakhe zande kakhulu kunokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, imisebenzi yemvukuzane yaseYurophu nezintshisekelo zabahlali basehlobo baseRussia.

Ezinsukwini zakudala, ngisho nangezikhathi zezimpi zamakholoni, ama-rattleworms ngamanani amancane atholakala ngababambeki ngenxa yoboya babo, kepha namuhla ingxenye yalezi zilwane esitokisini se-minrycule. Ngakho-ke, abantu banentshisekelo kule mole ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezihlukile zokwakheka komzimba nezomzimba.

Kungani imvukuzane iyikhala ekhethekile

"Inkanyezi" ebonakalisiwe yesilwane iqukethe ama-appendages angama-22 noma ama-probes akhiwe ngasekhaleni lakhe. Ngayinye yazo imbozwe ama-receptors amaningi aphezulu - izitho zokuqondisa.

I-Stargazer ingumnikazi wekhala elibuthaka kakhulu kubo bonke abameleli bezilwane ezihlala eMhlabeni. Umuzwa wesitho uyagadla - imvukuzane iyakwazi ukubona izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ngosayizi kasawoti kasawoti kwinqwaba yesihlabathi.

Isilwane asiboni lutho. Ukuze enze lokhu kwehluleka, ucindezela ama-probes akhe phansi, adlulisela imininingwane engaphezulu kobuchopho. Yonke inqubo yenzeka ngejubane elikhulu - i-starfish ihlola futhi ihlole izinto ezingaba ngu-13 umzuzwana.

I-mole starfish iyakwazi ukubamba iphunga lezinyamazane ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukhipha ama-bubble emoyeni abese ebadonsela emuva ngamakhala akhe. Lapho isiza inyamazane futhi yenza lokhu kukhwabanisa, lesi silwane sibona iphunga lomuntu ongaba isisulu sakhe.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Onke amatende asekhaleni le-starfish ambozwe nge-epidermis eyingqayizivele, engatholakali kunoma yisiphi isilwane esanyisayo.
• I-asterisk ekhaleni ifakwe i-papillae engaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-25, ububanzi bayo bungama-micrometer angama-50. Ngamunye wabo ugcotshwe iziphetho eziningi zezinzwa. Lesi sitho sonke esiyinkimbinkimbi sicishe siziphindaphinde kasithupha ukwedlula amapaki eminwe yabantu.
• Ama-receptors angawodwa kulezi zinhlaka eziphumayo azwelayo ekuthinteni, kepha ungaphenduli nakancane lapho kucindezelwa. Abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathambekele ekucindezelweni. Zonke zixubile, ngakho-ke isilwane sizwa kahle noma yikuphi ukuthinta "inkanyezi" yaso.
• Kunombono wokuthi ikhala lemvukuzane yalolu hlobo lithwebula izisulu zikagesi ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ezenziwe ukudalwa kwezicubu zomuntu olukuzo. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukufuna kwesilwane ukudla.