EBrazil, kuhlalwa uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, ubukhulu bawo buhlaba umxhwele umuntu ozibone kuqala. Abantu abadala bangafinyelela ubude bomzimba ongu-2,5 m, nesisindo - ukuya kuma-200 kg. Izici zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphila kwalezi zinhlanzi azifundiswanga kangako futhi zisalinde abacwaningi bazo, abangasabi ukuya ehlathini lamahlathi ase-Amazonia impela.
I-Arapaim ihlala emifuleni egeleza ingena emfuleni omude kakhulu wezwekazi laseMelika - i-Amazon futhi ayitholakali eBrazil kuphela, kodwa nasePeru, eGuyana.
Umzimba wezinhlanzi ze-arapaima ngesimo ufana nethoshi elikhulu elinomsila omfishane omfishane. I-dorsal fin ibukeka ngathi fan eyandisiwe. Umbala we-arapaima uhlukile.
Ngemuva kwenhlanzi kushintsha umbala ususe kumnyama omnyama ube luhlaza okotshani obomvana; eduze komsila, umbala uyashintsha ube umbala obomvu. Izikali ezinkulu ezimboza umzimba wezinhlanzi zicwazimula zisuka ezipinkini zibomvu. Igama lendawo elithi piraruku lihumusha njengezinhlanzi ezibomvu. Inyama ye-Arapaim inambitha ngokungafaniyo futhi ithenda. Kwabanjwa ngesihluku ezindaweni zasePeru naseBrazil ezwekazini laseMelika. Abantu bendawo babezingela izinhlanzi ngehabhu. Akekho owacabanga ukuthi inani le-arapaima lehla.
I-Arapaima (i-Arapaima gigas).
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60s edlule, izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu zathola inetha. Futhi yilapho kuphela uhulumeni wezwe zaseLatin America azame ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugcina lolu hlobo endaweni yalo yemvelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-arapaima ayisiwona umkhiqizo wokudla omnandi kuphela, ingumvelaphi wayo othakazelisa izazi zebhayoloji, njengesidalwa esilondolozwe kusukela ngenkathi yama-dinosaurs. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-135 edlule, lezi zinhlanzi zavela ezingxenyeni ezinamandla zase-Amazonia.
Ukuze uphile ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-arapaim ine-adaptation ebalulekile ukusuka endaweni yokubuka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo - iphefumula umoya wasemkhathini, ngezikhathi ezithile ikhuphukela phezulu endaweni yokugcina amanzi njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10-15.
Nakhu ukuthi abathanda ukudoba abaqale ukuhlangana ne-arapima bayichaza kanjani inqubo yokuphefumula: Ukubhukuda ngokuhamba kwabadobi, isikebhe esincane santanta ebusweni besibuko seAmazon. Kungazelelwe, amanzi asemnsalo wesikebhe aqala ukukhukhula, kwaqhamuka umlomo wezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ziphuma nomoya ngempempe. Abadobi babukeka bemangele isilo, amabili amade omuntu, embozwe ngegobolondo elinesikali. Futhi isigebenga saphimisa umsila obomvu-gazi - sanyamalala ekujuleni ... ".
Ngenxa ye-morphology ye-archaic, le nhlanzi ithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo.
Le ndlela yokuphefumula ibonakala kulolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kuphela. Amanzi weRio Moro, iRio Negro, imifula yeRio Pasa aqukethe i-oksijini encane kakhulu. I-Arapaima ine-bladder yokubhukuda, i-pharynx embozwe izicubu zamaphaphu, okwenza sikwazi ukuphefumula umoya wasemkhathini uma womile ngaphandle kwamanzi.
Inhlanzi ihlanganisa amanzi asemfuleni lapho ifuna ukudla. Idonsa imihlathi emikhulu yezinhlanzi ezincane bese iwagaya ngolimi olunamandla oluqinile, okuthi phakathi kwabantu bendawo kunenani le-sandpaper. EMfuleni iAmazon, i-arapaima ayivelakancane, ngoba ithanda ukuhlala emanzini ngenkambo ethule nobuningi bemifino. Lapho nje bekukhona inani elikhulu le-arapaima eLake Rimai, futhi lapho bekuba nenkinga ngokubuyiselwa kwenani lezinhlanzi eziyingqayizivele, indawo yadalwa lapha ukubona ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.
Ukubamba inhlanzi enqabile kangaka njenge-arapaima kuyimpumelelo yangempela.
EBrazil, kwenziwa imizamo yokukhulisa i-arapaim emachibini; kunobufakazi bokuthi le nhlanzi ingena kahle emzimbeni wamanzi anamandla afudumele futhi ikhula ngesivinini esiphindwe kathathu kune-carp. Ehlathini lesifundazwe sasePeru Loreto, izindawo zokubuyiselwa kwemvelo zenani le-Arapaima zadalwa. Lapha, ukudoba, kufanele uthenge ilayisense elikhethekile eMnyangweni Wezolimo. Abantu abangaphansi kuka-1.5 m abavunyelwe ukubamba futhi bakhonze. Ezimweni zemvelo, inyathi idla nge-arapaima, ilinda izinhlanzi ezingenangqondo ukuthi zisondele ogwini zihudulele kulo, ziludonsele ogwini bese zidlulela edilini.
I-Arapaima iveza kabusha ngokuthakazelisa. Embizeni encane enodaka, insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Ngokusobala, inhlanzi igaya umgodi wenzalo yesikhathi esizayo ngomlomo wayo. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka emabeleni amancane ngamanzi athulile, ekujuleni okungaba amamitha ayi-5. Amaduna ahamba endaweni ekhethiwe izinsuku eziningana, kuthi owesimame abhukuda eduzane nebanga lamamitha ayi-10-15. Fry hlala ku-mink cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Iduna alishiyi indawo ebhukuda futhi libhukuda eduzane. Ngemuva kwalokho inzalo ilandela eyeduna bese ibamba umhlambi omncane eduze kwekhanda lomzali.
Ochwepheshe bathola izimbobo ekhanda le-arapaima lapho izidakamizwa ezikhethekile zithola khona into ethile ye-mucous, kusiza izingane ukuba zinamathele ndawonye. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zithathe ukukhethwa kwezinhlanzi ezindala "ubisi" abondla ngalo inzalo yabo. Kepha lokhu kungukucabanga okuyiphutha.
Inhlanzi enkulu i-arapaim ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni.
I-Fry, efinyelela eminyakeni engu-7 yezinsuku, yondla nge-plankton. Ukuphefumula umoya, wonke umhlambi uphakama ngokushesha ubheke ngaphansi kokuqondisa komuntu wesilisa. Emanzini athulile, gazinga kulula ukuphefumula, ngoba emoyeni amaza akhuphukayo aphazamisa ukuhamba komoya wasemkhathini.
Uma izinhlanzi zilahlekelwa ngabazali bazo, khona-ke wonke umhlambi uyahlukana. Kepha izingane azishiywanga zinganakekelwa. Ifakwe enzalweni yomunye umuntu we-arapaim, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho yobudala obuhle kakhulu nefry yezintandane.
Ngemuva kokulahleka kwabazali, uFry uqala ukubhukuda endaweni enkulu yamanzi futhi ahlangane nezikole zenhlanzi eziseduze.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuqina kwezikali ezinkulu ze-arapaim ezihlanganiswe kuphakeme ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunalokho okwenziwe ngamathambo.
Lokhu kungenzeka kukhulisa amathuba okusinda kulolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi. Abalandeli bezinhlanzi ze-aquarium bagcina ngempumelelo futhi bazalanisa i-arapaim ezimweni zokufakelwa. Yize izinhlanzi zikhulu impela, zibukeka zinhle emanzini. Ama-Aquariums wevolumu elikhulu ayadingeka ekunakekelweni ngempumelelo, ngoba esikhathini esiningi esinqeniwe i-arapaim ishaya izindonga bese iyafa.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, uxosha inyamazane esiyingini. Ukhetha ukudla i-Aravana yaseNingizimu Melika, okuyindawo yayo yemvelo etholakala ezindaweni ezigcina amanzi njenge-arapaima.
Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. I-Arapaima ikhetha izindawo ezingajulile nezinesihlabathi esinamanzi acwebile. Kusebenzisa amaphiko, inhlanzi igaya isidleke esinobude obuyi-15 cm nobubanzi obuyi-50.
Kwesinye isikhathi esidlekeni esifanayo siphuma iminyaka emibili. I-Arapaima ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, umuntu oyedwa ku-aquarium eminyakeni emihlanu isikhule cishe ngamamitha ayihafu.
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