Ama-duckbill saurolophus dinosaurs ahlala eMhlabeni esikhathini se-Jurassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-190 eyedlule. Lezi zilwanyana ezinkulu zimelele iqembu elikhulu lama-dinosaurs e-herbivorous futhi zondliwa ikakhulukazi kuma-algae ahlukahlukene. Kwakuyizidalwa ezingenangozi ngokuphelele, zazingasabi nakancane izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngoba zazikwazi Duckbill saurolophus zimboza emanzini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsalela, i-saurolophus yedada, eyayinezikhumba phakathi kweminwe yangaphambili, yayikwazi ukubhukuda ngokubabazekayo. Ngokusho kwezezazi zezemvelo, izitho ezingemuva kwesalolophus zaphela ngama-phalanges abanzi anjengezinselo.
Izibalo zangaphambili ze-saurolophus zazimfushane kakhulu kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Ahamba ikakhulu emilenzeni yasemuva, encike kumsila onamandla. Futhi izilwane zahlwitha izitshalo ezingezansi, zaphosa amakhanda zazo emanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, abangesabi nhlobo ukugcwala amanzi, ngoba bashiya umgqomo ophakeme owawusekhanda ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi, obufakwe amashubhu amabili amade afinyelela emgodini wamakhala. Ngosizo lwabo, i-saurolophus ibuye yaqhuba inqubo yokuphefumula ngenkathi ingaphansi kwamanzi.
Njengamanje, ithambo lalesi silwane ligcinwe eMnyuziyamu wePaleontological Museum weRussia Academy of Science. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-5. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi bayakwazi ukuthi kunabantu abathile abaphakemeyo abafinyelela ku-12 m.
Ema-dinosaurs e-duckbill, amazinyo ayenesakhiwo esikhethekile. Emhlathini ngamunye, kwenziwa amazinyo aqonde mpo, aqukethe amazinyo angama-5-6, kube sengathi aphinwe ngomunye. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuma-saurikurs asekupheleni, inani lamazinyo lidlule kwe-1000.
Ngabe inyoka ibukeka kahle?
Inyoka ephekiwe (Elaphe dione). Ngisho nohlobo olunye lwenyoka oluningi lungaba nabamele imibala ehlukahlukene kubantu.
Wonke umuntu une "ingemuva" elilodwa elijwayelekile: lokhu kubuye kube mpunga emuva, futhi kumnyama, amabala acishe abe mnyama, atholakala ngokungenasici emzimbeni wonke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umbala ungahluka kakhulu, kusuka kokukhanya okumpunga kuya obomvu obumnyama.
Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, kungashintsha kakhulu, cishe kuya ngokuya kukhanya kancane, kuqhathane. Umsila uvame ukungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-35, inyoka uqobo lwayo ingasukela ngamasentimitha angama-70 kuye kwamamitha ayi-2,5 ubude. Kwabesifazane, umsila mfushane kunowesilisa, futhi awugqinsi phansi. Futhi, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi abesilisa banezihlangu eziningi emizimbeni yabo.
Inyoka ephekiwe isihlobo sezinyoka. Izikali ezinhlangothini zomzimba zibushelelezi kakhulu, okwenza kube bushelelezi, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka.
Lapho kuhlala khona isimangaliso esinjalo
Izinyoka zivame kakhulu, mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi zijwayelana kalula nezimo eziningi zemvelo, kusuka ogwadule kuya emahlathini acwengile. Emithambekeni enamadwala ezintabeni, emaphethelweni emijondolo, ezigodini nasemifuleni yezikhukhula zemifula, emigodini kasawoti, emameleni alpine, umuntu angahlangana nenyoka.
Lokhu okuphilayo akuyona ingozi kubantu.
Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu, izinyoka zitholakala eKorea, enyakatho neChina, eCentral Asia, e-Ukraine, eSiberia, eTranscaucasia, e-Iran nakwezinye izindawo eziningi eziningi. Esiqhingini sezilwandle zase-Aral naseCaspian, abanye abamele lolu hlobo nabo baqoshwa.
Inyoka yokuphila
Kuholela, ikakhulukazi, indlela yansuku zonke yempilo, eshiya ubusika ekuqaleni kwekwindla nobusika kuze kube maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Isilinganiso sokuphila senyoka cishe iminyaka eyi-9, ekuthunjweni izinyoka zingaphila iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-10.
Inyoka ephekiwe - inyoka edlayo.
Izimpilo ikakhulu ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emigodini, imifantu emikhulu enhlabathini. Imvamisa ihlala eduze nabantu, ingahlala esivinini, engadini yezithelo, engadini yemifino. Ishesha kakhulu, ihamba kahle emhlabathini nasemagatsheni esihlahla, ibhukuda futhi ishayeke kahle.
Inyoka yezabelo zokudla
Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoka ezincane, izinambuzane, inhlanzi, izinyoni, amaqanda ezinyoni. Ekuqaleni, inyoka iyibhinca ngosizo lomzimba wayo, igwaze kuphela abafileyo, kusukela ekhanda ize ifakwe umswakama ngamathe, igwinya amaqanda wonke. Phakathi kwezinyoka, amacala e-cannibalism aqoshwe kaninginingi.
Inyoka ephekiwe iyisivakashi esivamile sokuhlala kwabantu.
Ukuzala
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2-3 ubudala, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinyokeni, izinsikazi zivuthwe kamuva kunabesilisa. Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka maphakathi - ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Ku-clutch, inani lamaqanda liyahluka kusuka kwayi-6 kuye kwangama-25, insikazi ibeka amaqanda othulini lwezihlahla ezibolile, otshanini, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, isikhathi sokufukelwa sihlala cishe inyanga.
Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa ngobude zingaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20 futhi zingaphezu kwama-5 amagremu wesisindo. Ukuhlanza kuqala isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, bese uqala ukudla amagundane amancane.
Izitha emvelweni
Phakathi kwezinyoka, kuke kwaba nezigameko zokugcwala kwabantu insangu.
Izilwane ezifuywayo nezinyoni eziyizitha eziyinhloko yenyoka. Amandla okuhamba nokufihla ngokushesha emagatsheni esihlahla asebenza njengenyoka yokusindisa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ichopho lenyoka iqala ukudlidliza ngokushesha nangokuqinile, ishaye umhlabathi, bese idala umsindo.
Inyoka nomuntu
Izinyoka zizolile, azinobuthi, aziyingozi neze kubantu, yinyoka leyo enconywayo njengenyoka yasekhaya. Kungcono ukuyigcina e-aquarium enezingqimba noma i-terrarium, okungcono inethimba lokubhukuda lokubhukuda nelokuphuza.
Kungcono ukugcina izinyoka ngazinye, ngenxa yokuthi zithanda kakhulu ukuzitika. Izinyoka zinothando futhi zizolile, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuhlangana nomuntu onolaka. Kepha kungcono ukhethe emuva, emuva, ubambe inyoka ngentamo, ngoba uma wenza lokhu ngaphambili, inyoka ingaziphonsa ebusweni. Akuyona ingozi, kepha akumnandi.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter.
I-platypus saurolophus yayihlala emhlabeni kule minyaka eyizigidi eziyi-190 edlule. Lezi zilwane zazinkulu ngokulingana. I-saurolophus yedada yayingeyamaqhude abulala ukhula. Ukudla kwabo bekubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi ze-algae.
U-Plypus saurolophus (Saurolophus).
Ama-saurolofs e-duckbill angabizwa ngokuthi izidalwa ezingenangozi. Phakathi kweminwe yalezi zilwane kwakukhona ulwelwesi, okuholele ososayensi esiphethweni sokuthi i-saurolophus igcina indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Imilenze yawo yangemuva yaphelela kuma-phalanges anezinselo. Futhi amabande angaphambili ayemfushane kakhulu kunemilenze engemuva.
I-saurolophus ye-duckbill ihamba kaningi emilenzeni yangemuva, ngenkathi incike emsileni owakhiwe kahle. Babekwazi nokuhamba ngayo yonke imilenze yomine. Iziphethu zangaphambili zazisetshenziselwa ukudonsa amagatsha egatsha.
Futhi ngosizo lwabo, ama-dinosaurs kungenzeka akhe izidleke. Kwakunokuqubuka okuphezulu ekhanda, ngaphakathi kwakukhona amashubhu amabili amade afinyelela emgodini wamakhala.
Kunokuqagelwa mayelana nempilo yasemanzini engemuva kwesalolophus.
Ekuqaleni, bekucatshangwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila kwe-duckbill saurolophus yayinemanzini, futhi umgobolondo onamashubhu wawenza umsebenzi wokuphefumula: lapho i-saurolophus icwila ngaphansi kwamanzi, umgobongo wawusala ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi kanye nesikhala Kepha namuhla kukholelwa ukuthi ama-saurikurs ahola indlela yokuphila yomhlaba futhi ayehlala emihlambi yezinkomo. Futhi ikamu lasebenza njengohlobo lokubekwa umlomo.
La ma-dinosaurs asebenzisa izandule zawo ngaphambili ukudonsa amagatsha namaqabunga, kanye nokwakha izidleke. Amazinyo ama-dinosaurs amadada ayenesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Emhlathini ngamunye kwakukhona amazinyo aqonde mpo, lapho kwakukhona amazinyo angama-6,6 kungathi anamakhanda komunye nomunye. Ezinhlotsheni zakamuva ze-saurolophus, ayengaphezu kwamazinyo ayi-1000 emlonyeni.
IMnyuziyamu yasePaleontological eRussia inesikhumba se-duckbill saurolophus, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-5. Kepha ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwezinye izinhlobo kungamamitha ayi-12. Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela uCtrl + Enter.
Ngu-Animalreader | I-platypus saurolophus yayihlala emhlabeni kule minyaka eyizigidi eziyi-190 edlule. Lezi zilwane zazinkulu ngokulingana. I-saurolophus yedada yayingeyamaqhude abulala ukhula. Ukudla kwabo bekubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi ze-algae.
U-Plypus saurolophus (Saurolophus). Ama-saurolofs e-duckbill angabizwa ngokuthi izidalwa ezingenangozi. Phakathi kweminwe yalezi zilwane kwakukhona ulwelwesi, okuholele ososayensi esiphethweni sokuthi i-saurolophus igcina indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Imilenze yawo yangemuva yaphelela kuma-phalanges anezinselo. Futhi amabande angaphambili ayemfushane kakhulu kunemilenze engemuva.
I-saurolophus ye-duckbill ihamba kaningi emilenzeni yangemuva, ngenkathi incike emsileni owakhiwe kahle. Babekwazi nokuhamba ngayo yonke imilenze yomine. Iziphethu zangaphambili zazisetshenziselwa ukudonsa amagatsha egatsha.
Futhi ngosizo lwabo, ama-dinosaurs kungenzeka akhe izidleke. Kwakunokuqubuka okuphezulu ekhanda, ngaphakathi kwakukhona amashubhu amabili amade afinyelela emgodini wamakhala.
Kunokuqagelwa mayelana nempilo yasemanzini engemuva kwesalolophus. Ekuqaleni, bekucatshangwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila kwe-duckbill saurolophus yayinemanzini, futhi umgobolondo onamashubhu wawenza umsebenzi wokuphefumula: lapho i-saurolophus icwila ngaphansi kwamanzi, umgobongo wawusala ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi kanye nesikhala Kepha namuhla kukholelwa ukuthi ama-saurikurs ahola indlela yokuphila yomhlaba futhi ayehlala emihlambi yezinkomo. Futhi ikamu lasebenza njengohlobo lokubekwa umlomo.
La ma-dinosaurs asebenzisa izandule zawo ngaphambili ukudonsa amagatsha namaqabunga, kanye nokwakha izidleke. Amazinyo ama-dinosaurs amadada ayenesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Emhlathini ngamunye kwakukhona amazinyo aqonde mpo, lapho kwakukhona amazinyo angama-6,6 kungathi anamakhanda komunye nomunye. Ezinhlotsheni zakamuva ze-saurolophus, ayengaphezu kwamazinyo ayi-1000 emlonyeni.
IMnyuziyamu yasePaleontological eRussia inesikhumba se-duckbill saurolophus, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-5. Kepha ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwezinye izinhlobo kungamamitha ayi-12. Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela uCtrl + Enter.
Akuwona wonke ama-dinosaurs akhokhiswa duck anikezwe umhlobiso wasebukhanda emakhanda abo, nawo onezinzuzo ezisebenzayo. Igama lesi Latin Saaurolophus kuvela amagama esiGreki - i-lizard crest. Ukuba khona kwezinsalela zalolu hlobo ngaphakathi kwamazwekazi amabili kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi zazixhunyiwe ngalezo zikhathi zothando. Ukufuduka okukhulu kanye nentuthuko ehleliwe yensimu entsha kwakujwayelekile. Ukuxoshwa kososayensi bethu yikhona kwavula umbono wase-Asia esintwini.
Ekuqaleni, bekucatshangwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila kwe-duckbill saurolophus yayinemanzini, futhi umgobolondo onamashubhu wawenza umsebenzi wokuphefumula: lapho i-saurolophus icwila ngaphansi kwamanzi, umgobongo wawusala ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi kanye nesikhala Kepha namuhla kukholelwa ukuthi ama-saurikurs ahola indlela yokuphila yomhlaba futhi ayehlala emihlambi yezinkomo. Futhi ikamu lasebenza njengohlobo lokubekwa umlomo.
Isikhathi nendawo
AmaZaurolofs abekhona ekupheleni kwenkathi yeCretaceous cishe ngezigidi ezingama-69,5 - 68,5 edlule. Basatshalaliswa eNyakatho Melika naseMongolia.
Umzekeliso weVolumetric kaPaul Harper, obonisa isidina endaweni yaso yendabuko.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! IMnyuziyamu yasePaleontological eRussia inesikhumba se-durbill saurolophus, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-5. Kepha ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo kuyinto 12 m.
Izinhlobo nomlando wokutholwa
Manje izinhlobo ezimbili zamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele: Saaurolophus osborni (ejwayelekile) no Saaurolophus angustirostris.
Izidumbu zokuqala, kufaka phakathi isikhumba esiseduze ngokuphelele, zatholakala isazi sembali yaseMelika uBarnum Brown ekwakhiweni kweHorseshoe yaseCanada, manje ebizwa nge-Edmonton (1911). Ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo ezanyatheliswa nguye ngo-1912. Leli gama linikezwe ukuhlonipha uzakwabo uHenry Fairfield Osborne, ngaleso sikhathi owayeyinhloko yeMnyuziyamu waseMelika Wezemvelo.
Imiphumela yalolu hambo yayihlaba umxhwele futhi ithembisa kangangokuba zaba nomthelela ekuqubukeni kwenqwaba yabazingeli bezilwane zasendulo. “I-dinosaur fever” yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka yaqala.
Isigamu seminyaka eyikhulu kamuva (1947), uhambo olwamazwe omhlaba oluseningizimu yehlane laseMongolia lamaGobi lathola ngeso lengqondo iSaurolophus angustirostris. Le nhlobo yachazwa yisazi se-paleontologist saseRussia u-Anatoly Rozhdestvensky ngo-1952. Ukutholwa okuningana kwemikhono eminingana yeminyaka ehlukahlukene kwamenza waba ngomunye wababhali be-Asia abafundwe kahle kakhulu.
Ukwakheka komzimba
Ubude bomzimba kaZaurolof bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12. Ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Wayesisindo esingamathani ayi-2,5. Ummeli waseMelika wayesemncane kancanyana kunowase-Asia, efinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-10, kepha futhi lokhu kufaniswa nosayizi webhasi elikhulu.
Njengengxenye yedlelo, uZaurolof uchithe isikhathi esiningi emilenzeni emine, yize ahamba kalula ngamabili. Ngakho-ke, izandulelo ziphela ngeminwe eqinile, enohlonze oluflathekile, alusebenzisi nje njengabazenzisi abasebenza kalula, kodwa futhi nokuxhaswa okuhle.
Isigaxa siphakeme futhi sithambile. Ngaphambi kwekhanda kukhona ukufana komlomo wedada. Imigqa eminyene yamazinyo yayitholakala ngokujulile emlonyeni.
Amazinyo ama-dinosaurs amadada ayenesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Emhlathini ngamunye kwakukhona amazinyo aqonde mpo, lapho kwakukhona amazinyo angama-6,6 kungathi anamakhanda komunye nomunye. Ezinhlotsheni zakamuva ze-saurolophus, ayengaphezu kwamazinyo ayi-1000 emlonyeni.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi ngogqinsi oluqinile lwamathambo esiqongweni se-sauroleph, imisebenzi yayo namanje engaziwa. Imibono eyisisekelo isuselwa ekubeni khona kwesikhumba sesikhumba esinamathiselwe ku-crest futhi kufinyelela ekugcineni komswakama.
Kungenzeka ukuthi wayenemibala egqamile futhi egcwala kakhulu lapho ekhala, ngaleyo ndlela enanela izintambo ezibonakalayo ngomsindo. Ngokufanayo, amasele azulazula emiseleni yawo ukuthuthukisa umsindo. Ukukhala kwama-saurikurs ngenxa yama-resonators omsindo kungaba kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, babenohlelo olugcwele lokubonisa, oluvumela, ikakhulukazi, ukuxwayisa ngengozi esondelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "nge-hairstyle" ekhethekile noma buqamama umuntu angabona isihlobo.
Ekugcineni, isikhwama sesikhumba esimibalabala singasetshenziswa njengamaphikisi emidlalweni yokuphephisa, sikhuphula amandla ngezikhathi ezithile futhi sinikine ikhanda ngokuziqhenya. Sikholwa ukuthi le misebenzi eminingi engenhla yenzeka ngasikhathi sinye, yenza ithuluzi elenziwe ngemisebenzi eliyi-comb.
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
Ngomlomo wedada elisicaba kwakulula kakhulu ukukha utshani beLate Cretaceous, izinaliti kanye namahlamvu ezihlahla ezinde. Amazinyo aqinile ayakwazi ukugaya ngisho nezikhala.
Ama-saurolofs ayengenazo izinto ezikhethekile zokuvikela. Imvelo ayibanikanga ngezikhali, noma izimpondo, noma okungenani ukufana kwesiva esingeyama-iguanodons. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kwakudingeka ancike ngosayizi omkhulu nomsila onamandla, ahlanganiswe ngamaqembu aqinile. Ukuvikela izingane ngemizamo ehlanganyelwe, zingakwazi ukuxosha ngisho nama-theropods amakhulu.
Ngenkathi kubekwa amaqanda, amaqembu e-saurolophus akhethe ngokucophelela indawo yokwakha isidleke ogwini lwamachibi noma imifula, abese edala izidleke ngezinto zokwakha ezenziwe ngesandla (ikakhulukazi usilika, ngokufakwa komhlaba namagatsha athambile). Babekwe ebangeni elifishane ukusuka komunye nomunye: Amamitha ayi-5-10. Lapha, ukuqhathanisa nezidleke zama-flamesos anamuhla kufanelekile.
Ama-zaurolofs amadala ayevikela abasha ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona, ngasikhathi sinye anyathela indlela eya amahlumela amnandi. Ukunakekelwa kwaqhubeka kuze kwaba yilapho bekwazi ukuzimela, okukhombisa inhlangano ephezulu yama-hasrosaurs. Mhlawumbe, ngemuva kokukhula, kwasala ukufana komndeni onobungane.
Akumangazi? Izilwane ezikhule kahle kangako amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka edlule zazivele zikhona. Lokhu kubuye futhi kungabaze emcabangweni osabalele wokufa kwama-dinosaurs.
I-Zaurolof
I-Zaurolof : "lizard nge-crest"
Isikhathi sokuba khona: Isikhathi sokukhathazeka - cishe ngonyaka wezigidi ezingama-75
Isigcawu: Izinkukhu
Isizinda: Izindlela zokwelapha
Ingqalasizinda: Ama-Ornithopods
Umndeni: Ama-Hadrosaurids
Izici ezejwayelekile zabelaphi:
- uhambe ngemilenze emine
- udle imifino
- ibingakwazi ukuhamba ngemilenze yasemuva
- isikhumbuzo siphele ngomlomo wedada elisicaba
Ubukhulu:
ubude - 12 m
ukuphakama - 4 m
isisindo - 2,5 amathani
Umsoco: dinosaur herbivorous
Kutholakele: 1952, iMongolia
I-Zaurolof idayinaso yaseCretaceous.I-Zaurolof imele izinkukhu-ama-dinosaurs, umndeni wama-hadrosaurids. Ama-dinosaurs amaningi e-platypus anekhanda elisicaba, kepha umqhele osuswayo unobuqili obunjenge-hadrosaur. Ama-Zaurolofs ama-dinosaurs ama-herbivorous; ayedla izigaxa kanye namaqabunga.
ugebhezi luka-saurolof
Namuhla, izilwane ezahlukahlukene (izindlovu, amabhubesi olwandle, ngisho namasele) zisebenzisa umshini ofanayo ukudlulisa amasiginali ezihlotsheni zazo. Ama-dinosaurs kaPlatous ayehlala emindenini, enakekela inzalo yawo. Lokhu kuboniswa ukutholwa okubanzi ngokubekwa kweqanda, amathole amancane ezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula. Inkambu yezidleke yatholakala e-United States eMontana ngo-1979.
amathambo we-saurolof
Ngo-1912, kutholakala ithambo eliphelele lalesi sidakamizwa eCanada. Igama lakhe walinikwa yi-paleontologist uBarnum Brown, osebenza eMnyuziyamu waseMelika Wezemvelo Yemvelo. Ukuphumelela kokuphuma kwakhe kwashukumisela ososayensi abaningi ukuthi baseshe futhi bazenzele olwabo ucwaningo ngezinsalela zezinsimbi zomhlaba. Lesi sikhathi manje sibizwa nge- “dinosaur fever.” EMongolia ngonyaka we-1952, kwatholakala esinye isiga samathambo salolu hlobo - i-saurolof angustirostris. Lokhu kutholwa okubili okuhlukile, okuvela eMelika naseAsia, kukhombisa ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalawa mazwekazi. Kuwo wonke amanye amazwekazi, izinsalela ze-saurolophus azikatholakali.
