Izintuthwane yilezi ezitolo ezincane ezihlale zijabulisa futhi zimangaze abantu. Izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuhlela umsebenzi wazo ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye ohlala endaweni ye-anthill unemisebenzi yakhe. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-14,000 zalezi zinambuzane. Futhi akuwona wonke awusizo. Kukhona izintuthwane ezingumbulala ezibeka ingozi enkulu empilweni yomuntu. Imayelana nabo okuzobe kukhulunywa ngakho ngalo mbhalo.

Izinambuzane ezinamagazi zifaka izintuthwane zomlilo nezama-nomad, intuthwane yezinhlamvu nezintuthwane zase-Australia. Ukulunywa yizintuthwane kungakudonsela ukunqwabelana komzimba, umphumela wawo kungaba ukuqothuka kanye nokudakwa komzimba okubulalayo.

Izintuthwane ezibulala uNomadic

Izintuthwane ezingama-Nomad, noma njengoba zibizwa nangokuthi izintuthwane zeSiafu, ziyizinambuzane ezisetshenziselwa ukuzulazula. Abazakhi i-anthill, kepha bakhetha ukuhamba ukusuka kwenye insimu kuya kwenye ngensika enkulu. Kungakho babizwa nangokuthi izintuthwane ezingabulali.

Ububanzi bezintambo zezinambuzane bungadlula amamitha ayi-12. Ngasekupheleni, ikholomu iyancipha futhi ifane nomsila ongafika kumamitha angama-45. Izintuthwane ezidukelayo zivame ukwenza imashi yokujikijela ngesikhathi sasemini, zinqobele amamitha angama-300 ngehora elilodwa. Izindawo abahlala kuzo yi-Afrika, eNyakatho kanye naseNingizimu Melika, Ephakathi naseNingizimu Asia.
Izintuthwane ezibulala uNomadic
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezintuthwane eziyimisulu, konke abahlangana nakho kusendleleni kuyanyamalala. Akukona kuphela izintwala zokhuni, amacimbi noma izimbungulu ezisebenzayo. Izintuthwane zokubulala zase-Afrika zingahlasela kalula ngisho nezilwane ezincane: igundane, inyoka, amasele noma ibhungane. Noma kunjalo, abasakwazi ukukhokha indoda. Kepha umphumela wokulunywa kabuhlungu kantuthwane okungaqondakali kungaba ukusabela okukhulu komzimba.

AmaNomads adume hhayi kuphela ngesimo sawo esinamandla, kepha futhi nosayizi bawo, okuwavumela ukuthi athathe esinye sezikhundla eziphezulu ohlwini lwezintuthwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Izintuthwane ezingama-Nomadic, amasosha abhekele ukuvikela izihlobo zawo, zivame ukuqhamuka emaphethelweni ekholamu. Lezi izinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu, ubude bazo bomzimba bufika ku-15 mm. Banikezwa ukubukeka okuphonsa umhlathi, ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu kunekhanda le-nomad. Owesifazane mkhulu kakhulu kunowesilisa: ubude bomzimba wakhe ngenkathi kubekwa iqanda bufika ku-50 mm. Isithombe se-nomad sivezwe ngezansi.

Engxenyeni ephakathi yentambo izisebenzi zokuhamba, ezihamba nezingane ezizayo nokudla emizimbeni yazo. Ngokuqala kobusuku, izinambuzane zinamathelana ngezihlakala zazo, zakha indlovukazi yazo indlovukazi isidleke.

Ubukhulu obukhulu bomzimba akuyona ukuphela kwesici sezintuthwane zabesifazane. Izinsikazi nazo zingompetha ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Zonke izinsuku bazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-130. Isinambuzane esande kakhulu asikho emvelweni.

Izintuthwane zeBulldog

Izintuthwane zeBulldog
Izintuthwane zeBulldog ziyizintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinambuzane ezimnyama zithathwa njengenye yezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubukhulu bomzimba we-bulldog osebenzayo bufinyelela kubude obungafika ku-40 mm, isibeletho sikhulu kancane - cishe singama-45 mm. Isici salaba bameleli imhlathi enamandla. Zinde kakhulu futhi zinamachashaza eceleni komngcele, okuvumela izinambuzane ukuba zibambe kalula inyamazane. Ngezansi esithombeni ungabona ukuthi i-termite iyingozi kangakanani ukubukeka.

Izintuthwane zeBulldog yizintuthwane ezinobuthi. Okunye ukufaka lezi zinambuzane ukugwinya okunamandla, ukulunywa kwako kungabulala. Ngakho-ke umuntu otholakala eduze kwethotho uzifaka engcupheni enkulu. Ngempela, emnyango we-anthill, abantu abambalwa abasebenzayo bavame ukusebenza. Lapho kuvela ingozi, ngokushesha basayina lokhu ezihlotsheni zabo.

Ngokwezibalo, abantu abaningi kakhulu babulawa ukulunywa yilawa malanga kunokuhlaselwa izinyoka, izicabucabu ngisho noshaka.

Kuyamangaza iqiniso lokuthi izintuthwane ze-bulldog ziyakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo kuze kube isisindo sesinambuzane.

Intuthwane yomlilo ebomvu

Intuthwane yomlilo ebomvu
Abamele le nhlobo banombala ogqamile, obesebenza njengesisekelo segama labo. Njengomphumela wokulunywa yintuthwane yomlilo, i-synopsin ingena emzimbeni womuntu - into enobuthi ebangela ukushiswa ngamakhemikhali okukhulu. Ubuhlungu bokulunywa yisilonda buyafana nokuvutha amalangabi esivulekile. Umphumela walesi lesion yesikhumba uvame ukusabela kwe-allergic, futhi ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic nakho kungenzeka.

Izinambuzane zivame ukuhlasela umuntu neqembu lonke uma zibeka engcupheni i-anthill yazo. Minyaka yonke, ababekho abantu abayinkulungwane abahlushwa ukulunywa yizinambuzane ezinonya. Ngemuva kokulunywa, amabhulukwe nokuvuvukala kuvela emzimbeni wesisulu, okuvela kuso izibazi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isiyezi nokuvela komzimba.

Indawo yokuhlala kwesiza esinjalo yindawo yaseMelika. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ungahlangana nomuntu obulale imbovane yomlilo eRussia.

Inhlamvu yezintuthwane

Inhlamvu yezintuthwane - izinambuzane zathola leli gama ngenxa yokuziphatha kwazo. Ngesikhathi sokulunywa yisinambuzane, umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki zifana nesilonda sokudutshulwa. Ubuhlungu balolu hlobo buqukethe i-poneratoxin, into enobuthi ebangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Imvamisa i-syndrome yezinhlungu iqhubeka usuku lonke. Ngenxa yalokho, elinye igama elithi “amahora angama-24” lanamathela ezinambuzaneni. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisulu sihlushwa kobuhlungu, okuhambisana nobuhlungu nokubekezelela okungabekezeleleki.

Ubude bomzimba babantu abasebenzayo ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-25 mm, isibeletho sikhulu kancane (kufinyelela kuma-30 mm). Abamele le nhlobo bavamile eSouth America. Indawo yokuhlala abayithandayo yizihlahla, eziphuma emqheleni wazo lapho izinambuzane zihlasela inyamazane yazo. Behla amagatsha, bakhipha i-squeak eyinqaba esebenza njengesibonakaliso kwezihlobo zabo. Ngenxa yalokho, akekho noyedwa, hhayi ngisho nabantu abayishumi abahlasela isisulu, kodwa ingqamuzana yonke yezintuthwane.

Izinhlobonhlobo Zezintuthwane Eziyingozi

Ingozi yezinhlobo ezithile zezintuthwane ilele lokuthi imizimba yazo iqukethe ubuthi obubulalayo kubantu. Kuyakhuthaza ukuthi aziziningi izinhlobo eziyingozi zalezi zinambuzane ngokwemvelo. Kepha ukwesaba komuntu kwesinye isikhathi kudweba izithombe ezesabekayo zokuhlasela kwezixuku zezintuthwane ezibulala umuntu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ukusabela okungekuhle komzimba okucasulwa ukulunywa imbovane enobuthi kuvame ukubulala.

Kuyiqiniso, eminingi yale mibono ayinasisekelo sangempela, kepha, noma kunjalo, izintuthwane ezinobuthi zisekhona emvelweni. Igama elijwayelekile lezintuthwane ezibulala abanye ukuthi ososayensi bakhetha ukungazisebenzisi, banikeze lezi zinambuzane izibongo ezibucayi.

Izintuthwane zamasosha (izintuthwane zesiafu)

Siafu Nomadic Ant

Izintuthwane ezingama-Nomadic, ezibizwa nangokuthi iSiafu, amasosha noma izintuthwane zase-Australia, zibonakaliswa yilezi zinto ezokwehlukanisa:

1. Imihlathi enamandla lapho lezi zinambuzane zibhubhisa konke okwenzeka ngendlela yazo.
2. Ukungabikho kwesikhalazo esingapheliyo ku-koloni yezintuthwane eziguqukayo. Iningi lezimpilo zabo, izinambuzane zalolu hlobo ziyazulazula, zazo zinikezwa abantu ngegama elinye - izintuthwane zokubulala.
3. Indawo yokuhlala iba yindawo yokuhlala isikhashana - i-bivouac, eyakhiwa ngabasebenzi, exhuma omunye nomunye ngemihlathi yawo. Ngaphandle, i-bivouac iyingxenye yesiphithiphithi, ngaphakathi kwayo, noma kunjalo, i-oda elifanele liyabusa.

Isosha lezintuthwane lisabisa abantu ngokubukeka kwalo, okuyinto ebabazekayo ngempela. Imihlathi yesinambuzane sikhulu ngosayizi kunekhanda. Yebo, futhi usayizi womzimba wetuthwane ongama-nomad likhulu kakhulu kunelabantu abajwayelekile, futhi kufika ku-cm no-cm ubude. Kepha owesimame wentuthwane engaqondakali ubhekwa njengekhulu kakhulu, ubude bomzimba lapho kubekwa iqanda bungaba ngu-5 cm. Amapharamitha anjengalawa omzimba enza kube yisinambuzane esikhulu kunazo zonke salolu hlobo emhlabeni.

Ngokuvamile, ingozi yokuqhamukela izintuthwane igqikiswa ngabantu. Njengokulindelekile, bangahlasela, bashiye ukulunywa kabuhlungu emzimbeni womuntu, okuvusa ukubukeka kokungahambi kahle komzimba. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwakungekho amacala okubulawa kokulunywa yizintuthwane zeSiafu. Isisekelo sokudla kwalolu hlobo yile:

• ezinye izinambuzane ezincane nezinkulu,
• izibankwa
• amachwane ezinyoni
• amasele.

Izintuthwane

Intuthwane yezinhlamvu yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu okunamandla okuzwisa ubuhlungu obukhulu endaweni ethintekile. Ubuhlungu bezintuthwane zalolu hlobo luqukethe ubuthi obunamandla obizwa ngokuthi i-poneratoxin. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuluma, izinhlungu ziqhubeka okungenani amahora angama-24.

Intuthwane yezinhlamvu ingenye yezinambuzane ezinkulu zalolu hlobo. Ubude bomzimba womuntu osebenzayo bullet cishe 2 - 2,5 cm, and in females - hadi 3 cm.

Izintuthwane zezinhlamvu zihlala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika futhi zisetshenziswa ngisho nayizizwe zamaNdiya ukwenza isiko lokuqalwa kwabesilisa. Isongo libethelwa engalweni yabafana, lilengiswa ngezintuthwane ezibukhoma. Ngemuva kokulunywa yizo, isandla sengane sihlala sikhubazekile izinsuku eziningana, futhi hhayi kuphela ukulahleka kwemizwa okubonakalayo kuso, kodwa futhi kusenze mnyama isikhumba kumasayithi okuluma.

Izintuthwane zeBulldog

Okwaziwayo mayelana nezintuthwane ze-bulldog ukuthi zingabantu abakhulu kakhulu, kepha akubanga ngobukhulu bomzimba wazo okubenza bathandwe emhlabeni, kepha ubuthi bazo.

Izintuthwane ezimnyama ziluma kabuhlungu, futhi ukulunywa kwazo kuvame ukukhuthaza ukuvela kwemizwa enkulu. Cishe i-3% yabantu abalumayo bahlangabezana ne-anaphylactic shock. Akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukusabela komzimba womuntu ukuluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izakhi ezisebenzayo zobuthi be-ant-bulldog zihlukile kulezo eziqukethwe ubuthi be-wasps noma izinyosi.

Intuthwane yomlilo

Izintuthwane zomlilo zibonakaliswa yilezi zinto ezihlukile:

1. Ngemuva kokulunywa, inqwaba yabantu iyafa.
2. Ukufa kwabantu ngokulimala kungamacala angama-20 ngonyaka owodwa kuphela.
3. Ukulunywa yintuthwane yomlilo kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila nomuzwa ovuthayo ovuthayo endaweni ethintekile.
4. Indawo abahlala kuyo inkulu kakhulu futhi imelelwa amazwe ase-Europe, America kanye ne-Asia.
5. Ukufa kungenzeka ngenxa yokusabela komzimba.
6. Izinambuzane zinekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila, futhi zizinza ngokushesha ezindaweni ezintsha.
7. Kusukela ukulunywa yimbovane yomlilo hhayi kuphela abantu abahlupheka, kodwa nezilwane (zasendle noma ezifuywayo).

Ngesikhathi sokuluma, intuthwane yomlilo yethula ubuthi be-solenopsin enxebeni lomzimba womuntu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Intuthwane yomlilo yathola igama elinjalo ngoba izinhlungu zokulimala kwayo esikalini seSchmidt ifana nemizwa ebuhlungu ngemuva kokushiswa ngumlilo ovulekile.

Intuthwane

Izintuthwane eziphuzi ekuqaleni kokuphepha ziphephile ngokuphelele, zinosayizi abancane bomzimba. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ziphakathi kwezinambuzane ezinobuthi emhlabeni wonke. Indawo yokuhlala kwezintuthwane ophuzi inomkhawulo kuphela kwisimo sase-Arizona sase-Arizona. Izici ezinkulu ezihlukanisayo zokulimana kweziphuzi yilezi:

• ukubonakala kwesimila esikhulu endaweni yokulunywa,
• amathuba amakhulu okufa komuntu ngemuva kokulunywa imbovane ephuzi,
• ukukhula komzimba oshubile
• ukuluma okukodwa kwentuthwane kuyokwanela ukubulala isidalwa esinobunzima obungu-2 kg.

Isivuno esibomvu

Isivuno Esiyintuthwane

Isivuno Esibomvu - uhlobo olunolaka futhi oluyingozi kakhulu lwezintuthwane ezinobuthi ezihlala esifundazweni sase-US - Arizona. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokulunywa yile ntuthwane ukubukeka kwesimila, kanye nokuqina komzimba okungaholela ekufeni.

Intuthwane eyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni

Intuthwane yezinhlamvu ingenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zezinambuzane zalolu hlobo. Indawo abahlala kuyo izingulube zemvula ezishisayo ezisuka eParaguay ziya eNicaragua. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala kakhulu ezihlahleni. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi intuthwane yezinhlamvu ingamemeza, futhi ikwenza njalo lapho izwa ingozi isondela lapho ihlala khona, ebephakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla.

Ngaphezulu, indaba yomkhosi othile owenziwa aborigine abavela ezizweni zaseNdiya yayivele ishiwo. Kubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwabafana abancane baba abafana abadala. Kwenzeka kanjena: osemusha osefinyelele ebuntombini uthola isisulu esincanyana esithungwa, athungwe emaqabungeni amatsha, lapho amakhulukhulu entuthwane ayelukiwe. Ukufakelwa kwezinambuzane kwenzeka ngokugwaza ngaphakathi, kuthi lapho insizwa ibeka izandla zayo kuleli bhandeshi, imidlwane eminingi imgwaza. Umsebenzi wentsha ukufaka ingubo enjalo imizuzu eyi-10. Kulesi sikhathi esifushane, izandla ziya ngokukhubazeka ngokuphelele, futhi umzimba wonke unyakazisa izinsuku eziningana ukusuka ku-cramping. Kepha ukuhlolwa akupheli lapho. Ukufakazela ukuthi uyindoda yangempela, insizwa ethile evela esizweni samaNdiya kuzodingeka ukuthi iphumelele ovivinyweni olufanayo cishe amahlandla angama-20.

Izintuthwane ezibulala uNomad

Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezintuthwane eziyimisulu, konke abahlangana nakho kusendleleni kuyanyamalala. Akukona kuphela izintwala zokhuni, amacimbi noma izimbungulu ezisebenzayo. Izintuthwane zokubulala zase-Afrika zingahlasela kalula ngisho nezilwane ezincane: igundane, inyoka, amasele noma ibhungane. Noma kunjalo, abasakwazi ukukhokha indoda. Kepha umphumela wokulunywa kabuhlungu kantuthwane okungaqondakali kungaba ukusabela okukhulu komzimba.

AmaNomads adume hhayi kuphela ngesimo sawo esinamandla, kepha futhi nosayizi bawo, okuwavumela ukuthi athathe esinye sezikhundla eziphezulu ohlwini lwezintuthwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Izintuthwane ezingama-Nomadic, amasosha abhekele ukuvikela izihlobo zawo, zivame ukuqhamuka emaphethelweni ekholamu. Lezi izinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu, ubude bazo bomzimba bufika ku-15 mm. Banikezwa ukubukeka okuphonsa umhlathi, ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu kunekhanda le-nomad. Owesifazane mkhulu kakhulu kunowesilisa: ubude bomzimba wakhe ngenkathi kubekwa amaqanda bufika kuma-50 mm

Izintuthwane eziphuzi

Izintuthwane eziphuzi nazo zingolunye lwezinambuzane ezinoshevu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ungahlangana nabo i-Arizona kuphela. Umphumela wokulimala kwezintuthwane awukhona nje kuphela ukwakhiwa kokudumba okukhulu nokuthuthukiswa komzimba, kodwa futhi kungenzeka nokufa okuphezulu. Kukhona nezintuthwane eziphuzi ezilinganisweni zaseRussia, kepha lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele - uLasius Flavus, owasuka eNdiya ngekhulu le-19.

Izintuthwane ezingama-Nomadic noma izintuthwane zeSiafu

Lezi zintuthwane zihamba ngamakholomu amakhulu. Konke okuza ngendlela yamasosha kubhujiswa masinyane. Lezi zinambuzane zibamba imihlathi enamandla, zigijimisa izintwala zokhuni ezidlule, amabhungane, izibungu, ziyidwengule bese ziyiyisa koloni. Uma izintuthwane eziyizisulu zihlangana nezinyamazane ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, igundane, isilunguzane, inyoka, bese ziwela phezu kwayo ngenqwaba emnyama ehambayo, futhi akukho mkhondo wesilwane.

E-Afrika, zithathwa njengomunye wabahlaseli abasakazeke kakhulu futhi abayingozi.

Isici sezintuthwane eziyimizwelo ukuthi azinayo i-anthill. Ukuzala kwawo kwenzeka kuma-bivouacs wesikhashana, akha izintuthwane ezisebenzayo, exhuma nomunye ngemihlathi. Le bivouac inesimo esiyindilinga. Kubukeka sengathi izinxushunxushu ziyenzeka lapho, kodwa empeleni yonke into ihlelekile kuyo.

Iningi lezimpilo zabo, lezi zintuthwane ziyazulazula, zifuna ukudla, ngenxa yalokho igama lazo zenzeka.

Amasosha izintuthwane zaseSiafu abukeka esabisa: mikhulu impela - afinyelela ku-1.5 amasentimitha, anemihlathi emikhulu edlula usayizi wekhanda.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezintuthwane ezifuywayo kanye nezijwayelekile ukuhanjiswa njalo.

Izintuthwane zezintuthwane zikhulu impela - ubude bazo bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha ayi-5. Bafinyelela usayizi ngalesi sikhathi sokubekwa kweqanda.Babhekwa njengabakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezintuthwane ezifundwayo.

Izinsikazi zaseSiafu zinerekhodi elilodwa ngaphezulu - ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-130 nsuku zonke. Asikho esinye isinambuzane esinefecundity ephezulu kangako.

Amakoloni amakhulu kunawo wonke afinyelela ezigidini ezingama-22.

Izintuthwane ezingamaNomadic zibizwa ngokuthi ngababulali bezintuthwane zase-Afrika, kodwa empeleni akunjalo. Ingozi yabo idlulele ngokweqile. Ngempela, ukulunywa kwalezi zinambuzane kubuhlungu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungavusa indlela enkulu yokungezwani komzimba. Uma umuntu efika enkabeni yalel koloni, bayomluma kanzima. Kepha lezi zintuthwane azikwazi ukudla abantu. Zidla kuphela ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane kanye nezidladla ezincane, njengamaxoxo, izibankwa, izinyoka nezinyoni.

Ezinye izinyoni ziye zazijwayeza impilo eduze kwezintuthwane eziyizisulu futhi ziyazuza kulokhu, ngokwesibonelo, izintuthwane ezingama-ocular zidla izinambuzane ezisatshiswe yikholoni elinyakazayo lezintuthwane ezingabulali. Kulokhu, izintuthwane zihambisana nemikhawulo yezintuthwane zase-Afrika.

Ukufuduka, izintuthwane zihamba phakathi nesikhathi semini, zinqoba amamitha ayi-100 ukuya kwangamahora ngehora.

Ngakho-ke, izintuthwane zokubulala zase-Afrika ziyizithelo zabalobi bezindaba ezi-imaginative. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izintuthwane zehlathi ezihlala ezweni lethu nazo zinegazi, zibhubhisa isibalo esikhulu sezinambuzane. Zonke izindaba eziphathelene nemizana echithiwe kanye namathambo asele ezilwaneni ezinkulu nabantu abagqunywe umzuzwana kumane kuyindaba eqanjiwe.

Izintuthwane

Igama lale zintuthwane kungenxa yokuthi ukuluma kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, obufana nenhlamvu, kuthinta umzimba. Kuthi ubuthi balezi zintuthwane zinobuthi obunamandla - i-poneratoxin. Ngemuva kokulunywa yizintuthwane, izinhlungu ziqhubeka amahora angama-24, ngakho-ke zibizwa nangokuthi "izintuthwane amahora angu-24."

Banokugwinya okuqinile futhi okunobuthi, futhi ngenxa yalokho bathola igama labo.

Ngokusho kwesilinganiso seSchmidt, Ubuhlungu obuvela ekulimeni kwalesi ntuthwane bufika ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lesi-4, okungukuthi, budlula ebuhlungwini obuvela kunoma yikuphi okunye ukulunywa yisinambuzane.

Lezi zintuthwane zingenye enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: ubude bomzimba wowesifazane bufinyelela amasentimitha amathathu, nomuntu osebenzayo aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-2,5.

Amandla okugwaza "ant-bullet" esikalini seSchmidt Sting Pain Index ahambelana nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, lesine.

Izintuthwane zihlala eNingizimu Melika amahora angama-24. Ezinye izizwe zamaNdiya ngosizo lwazo zifeza amasiko amabi okuqalwa kwamadoda, ngesikhathi lapho imikhono enalezi zintuthwane ifakwa ezandleni zabafana. Ngemuva komkhosi, izinsuku eziningana, izandla kungenzeka zingahambi, ziba nozwela futhi zimnyama.

Lolu hlobo lwezintuthwane lusetshenziswa yizizwe zasekhaya emicimbini ebuhlungu.

Izintuthwane Ezimnyama

Lezi zinambuzane zikhulu impela, kepha ziye zaduma ukubonga hhayi ngobukhulu, kodwa ngokulunywa kwazo. Izibalo zikhomba ukuthi abantu abaningi bafa ngokulimana kwezintuthwane ezise-Tasmania kunasekuhlaselweni yizinyoka, izicabucabu kanye noshaka kuhlangene.

Ubuhlungu bokulunywa yisiluthwane buhlala izinsuku.

Ukulunywa okunjalo kucasula ukusabela okunamandla kokungezwani komzimba - ngaphezu kwe-3% yezisulu ziqala ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola kusengaphambili ukuthi umzimba uzosabela kanjani. Noma kumuntu okusabela okujwayelekile ekugwinyeni kwezinyosi noma iminyovu, ukufa kungenzeka ngemuva kokulunywa yintuthwane.

Lezi zintuthwane ziyinto endala kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nabalingani bazo, okungenzeka ukuthi kungani zinobuthi kangako.

Zinezikoloni ezincane zabantu abangamakhulu amaningana.

Intuthwane ebomvu yomlilo

Lezi zintuthwane zithathwa njengezintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu akuhlotshaniswa nokulunywa okubuhlungu nobuthi obunamandla, kepha namandla abo okuthatha izimpande ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Basakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele.

Kunamacala owaziwayo wokugwaza umuntu ngentuthwane eyodwa kube nemiphumela emibi, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, kuze kube sekufeni.

Izwe lezintuthwane ezibomvu ezivuthayo yiBrazil, futhi ukusuka lapho bathuthela emikhunjini yabathengisi baya eChina, e-USA nase-Australia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazama ukubabhubhisa eTaiwan, Philippines naseHong Kong, kepha izintuthwane zisanqoba.

Ngesikhathi ukulunywa yintuthwane yomlilo, ubuthi, isoyopsin, bungena esilondeni. Ngokusho kwesilinganiso sezinhlungu zeSchmidt, lobuhlungu obunjalo buhambisana nobuhlungu bokushiswa, kulapho igama lavelaphi. Izinkulungwane zabantu ziluma lezi zintuthwane unyaka nonyaka, cishe zonke izisulu zingasabeli ngendlela eqinile, futhi ezimweni ezingazodwa kwenzeka ukwethuka kwe-anaphylactic.

Ngendlela efanayo, lezi zintuthwane zangeniswa ngephutha e-Australia ngo-2001.

Izintuthwane zomlilo ziluma izilwane zasendle nezasekhaya. Cishe ama- $ 5 billion asetshenziswa minyaka yonke e-United States kwezokwelashwa nakwezempilo ngemuva kokulunywa yile ntuthwane.

Abantu kufanele baqonde ukuthi zonke izintuthwane, noma ziyingozi futhi zinolaka, ziyadingeka ngemvelo. Lezi zinambuzane zilawula izinambuzane, zibhubhisa izinambuzane ezigulayo nezifa. Musa ukudidanisa imiqondo “eyingozi” ne “yingozi”, ngisho nezintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu kufanele zihlonishwe.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Intuthwane ebomvu

Ibizwa nangokuthi ngomlilo, ngenxa yombala okhanyayo womzimba. Lezi zintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, ngoba ubuthi bazo bubangela lobu buhlungu obukhulu, obufaniswa nokushiswa kakhulu. Isimo siyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi abantu bahlala behlasela nge-koloni. Umuntu ohlaseliwe noma isilwane sizwa izinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki.

Ngokwezibalo, cishe abantu abangama-30 babulawa ukulunywa yizintuthwane ezibomvu minyaka yonke.

Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiNingizimu Melika, osatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinkudlwana futhi ungatholakala e-United States naseMexico. Abantu bodwa ngobukhulu, abudluli ku-6 mm. Izintuthwane zokubulala zase-Afrika zinamakhono amahle kakhulu wokuziguqulela, ngakho-ke indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwazo iyanda njalo.

Uma ubheka isithombe salolu hlobo, ukunakwa kugxilwe ngokushesha ekuqineni okunamandla, okunokufana okuthile ngesitho sofezela esifanayo. Baphinde babe nemihlathi emikhulu, ukuhlafuna, okudlalisa hhayi indima yokuvikela, kepha futhi njengendlela yokudlulisela izinhlayiya zokudla.

Inhlamvu

Izintuthwane ezinobuthi zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezihlobo.

• Ubude bomzimba bentuthwane esebenza buyi-2-2,5 m. Owesifazane wabo ukhula abe ngu-3 cm.
• Indawo yokuhlala ebaluleke kakhulu yiNingizimu Melika.
• Inhlamvu yembovane inombala onsundu.
• Isici esibonakalayo ukuba khona kokugwazwa okunamandla, ngaphakathi lapho inani elikhulu lobuthi obuyingozi ligxilisiwe.

Impilo yezintuthwane iyaziwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Bahlala emikhakheni emincane, inani labo lifinyelela ku-1000 izintuthwane. Isikhathi sokuphila sisukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya eminyakeni emi-2. Abesifazane bangaphila isikhathi eside.

Zisigaba sabathwali bezinkuni futhi bakhetha ukusikeka kwezihlahla njengendawo yokwakha izidleke. Njengokudla, kukhethwe i-carrion yezinambuzane ezincane noma ubisi lwesihlahla. Ukuze uthole inyamazana, abantu abasebenzayo bahlala bethumela ebusuku.

Indlu yezintuthwane ihlala igadwe ngabalindi. Izindatshana empeleni zinomnyango owodwa ophumayo. Ngengozi eseduze, bakhomba abanye abantu bese bahlasela kanyekanye. Umuzwa ngemuva kokulunywa yisintuthwane ungafaniswa nenxeba lokudutshulwa langempela. Indawo yokuluma ibonakala ngokuvutha, ukuthuthumela. Lesi simo sinokuhlala kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezi-3, kepha ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zokomelela zihlehla ngemuva kwamahora angama-24.

Isenzo sobuthi sihlotshaniswa nokuqukethwe kwe-neurotoxin eyingozi ebizwa ngokuthi i-poneratoxin. Babizwa nangokuthi izintuthwane ngemisila, kepha leli gama liqisa kakhulu.

I-Ant Bulldog

Lawa angabameli bomndeni wase-Australia, aphakathi ngosayizi, kepha ukuluma okunobuthi kakhulu. Ngokubukeka, izintuthwane ze-bulldog zikhangwa umhlathi onamandla wohlobo lomhlathi. Kukhona abantu ababomvu nabamnyama.

Le nhlobo ayithandi ukuzulazula futhi ithanda ukuhlomisa ama-anthillin ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Kukhona umswakama owenele wokuthi bakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo. Isici esibonakalayo se-anthill ubulula bomklamo. Njengama-wasps wokudla kanye nezicabucabu, kanye namasiphu wezitshalo nezithelo.

Isibeletho sentuthwane ye-bulldog ingangena ezintabeni zabanye abantu futhi ibulale indlovukazi yangempela. Ngemuva kwalokho, indlovukazi entsha ihlala koloni. Abantu abasebenzayo baqala ukumsebenzela.

Ama-bulldogs ahlala endle kuphela futhi awathambekeleli ukuhlala abantu. Lapho esondele e-anthill, umuntu kufanele ashiye le ndawo ngokushesha. Abalindi besidleke banikeza umyalo ngaso leso sikhathi, futhi cishe lonke leli koloni lingena empini. Ukulunywa kwalolu hlobo kubhekwa njengokuyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Zingaholela ekushisweni okukhulu kwe-anaphylactic, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ngisho nokufa.

Ngakho-ke, kunzima kunokuba uhlole ingozi yokulimala kwezinhlobo ngakunye. Lokhu kungenxa yezimpawu zomzimba nokumelana kwawo. Ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abayingozi, ukuxwayisa kanye nemfundo yezakhamizi zendawo mayelana nezingozi nezindlela zokuphepha zivame ukwenziwa.

Izintuthwane ezingama-Nomadic (Siafu)

“Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingena ngendlela yekhonsathi noma esifundeni lapho amasosha angena khona acekeleka phansi. Ngemisipha enamandla egobile, amasosha abamba izimbungulu, amacimbi, izicabucabu, izikelemu, nezinye izintuthwane, izibungu, izintwala zokhuni, aziklebhule zayihambisa ekholamu. Uma bekuthola inyamazane enkulu - ibhungane, inyoka, igundane noma inyoni ebingakwazi ukundiza phezulu, izintuthwane zigcwaliswe isisindo esimnyama esimnyama, futhi ngokushesha lesi silwane sayeka ukuba khona ...

... Izintuthwane zadlula, zashiya kuphela amathambo wamagundwane azama ukuzisindisa nezinkukhu ezikhohliwe esibayeni ... "

A. Tambiev, Izindlela eziphilayo zomhlaba

Ukucaciswa kwalezi zintuthwane ukuthi azinayo i-anthill, futhi zizalela ngama-bivouacs wesikhashana, akhiwa izintuthwane ezisebenzayo, zinamathelana imihlathi. I-bivouac enjalo inesimo sebhola futhi ibonakala iyisiphithiphithi ngokuphelele, kodwa empeleni ine-oda elicacile. Ingxenye yempilo yabo, ikoloni lezintuthwane ezinjalo liyazulazula lifuna ukudla, lazibiza ngegama.

Amasosha ezintuthwane zazo zonke izinhlobo zezintuthwane eziyizisulu abukeka ezesabisa: imihlathi yawo mikhulu kunekhanda uqobo, kanti izinambuzane ngokwazo zikhulu kakhulu - ubude bube ngamasentimitha ayisigamu nesigamu esinezintuthwane. Kepha izintuthwane zabesifazane abama-nomad base-Afrika zikhulu impela: ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-5 cm esigabeni sokubeka amaqanda, mkhulu kunabo bonke izintuthwane ezaziwa njengamanje.

Izintuthwane zezintuthwane zisetha omunye umlando oyingqayizivele: ngesikhathi sokuzalela zingazalela amaqanda angama-130,000 nsuku zonke. Ukuzala okunjalo akubonwa kunoma yisiphi esinye isinambuzane.

Izintuthwane zokubulala zase-Afrika azinjalo. Ingozi yezintuthwane eziyizisulu ngokuvamile yeqisa kakhulu. Ukulunywa kwabo kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kungadala ukungahambi kahle komzimba. Ukufika maphakathi nekoloni elinjalo kungaholela kuma-hacks abucayi.

Kodwa-ke, ukufa kwezintuthwane okungaqondakali akukaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zintuthwane ezinye izinambuzane, futhi inani elincane kakhulu lama-vertebrates amancane afa kubo - izinyoni, amasele, amaphuphu wezinyoni.

I-biology yezinye izinyoni ixhumene kakhulu nokuphila kwezintuthwane zase-Afrika eziyimisundu (elinye igama siafu). Ukwenza isibonelo, ukudliwa kwezintuthwane ezinamehlo kungaphezu kwengxenye yenhlanganisela yezinambuzane ezisatshiswa yikholoni elinyakazayo lale zintuthwane. Akumangazi ukuthi iningi lezimpilo zabo lezi zinyoni zihambisana nemikhoboka yezintuthwane eziyimithombo njengomthombo wokudla.

Izintuthwane zokubulala ezingadingekile ziyinto edlula nje imbono yokucatshangwa kwababhali bezindaba ze-adventure (izintuthwane zasehlathini laseRussia azisenalo igazi elinamandla futhi zibhubhisa ngentshiseko ezinye izinambuzane zobukhulu obuqhathanisiwe), futhi izindaba zemizi ebhuqiwe nezithambo ezihlohlwe ngemizuzwana aziyona into njengokuqina kwendaba .

Isibonelo sevidiyo: intuthane esebenzayo ebambe inyani

Ngokusho kwesilinganiso sezinhlungu ezikhethekile zeSchmidt, ubuhlungu obuvela ekuvutheni ngalezi zintuthwane bufika ezingeni lesine eliphakeme kakhulu futhi budlula lokho kusuka ekushisweni nasekulungeni kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izinambuzane.

Intuthwane yezinhlamvu ingenye yezintuthwane ezinkulu kakhulu ngokuvamile: ubude bomuntu osebenzayo bungama-2-2,5 cm, abesifazane - ukuya ku-3 cm.

Bahlala eSouth America, futhi basetshenziswa yizizwe ezithile zamaNdiya ngesiko elibi lokuqalwa kwendoda: umfana ugqoka umkhono engalweni yakhe ngezintuthwane eziphila kuyo.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okunjalo, izandla zakho zingakhubazeka izinsuku eziningana, zilahlekelwe umuzwa wazo futhi zibe mnyama.