Igama lesi Latin: | I-Recurvirostra avosetta |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Ummeli |
Isigcawu: | I-Charadriiformes |
Umndeni: | I-Shiloklyuvkovye (i-Recurvirostridae) |
Ubude bomzimba, cm: | 42–45 |
I-Wingspan, cm: | 77–80 |
Isisindo somzimba, g: | 230–430 |
Izici ezihlukile: | Umbala we-plumage, ifomu lomlomo, izwi |
Inani, izinkulungwane ngazibini: | 26,5–29,5 |
Isimo Sokuqapha: | I-SPEC 4, SPEC 3, I-EE 1, BERNA 2, BONN 2, AEWA |
Indawo yokuhlala: | Ukubuka kweWetland |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yaseRussia yezinhlobo |
Lolu hlobo lwaziwa ngokungenakuphikwa ngomlomo walo omncane ocijeke phezulu, umehluko ogqamile wamnyama namnyama namachilo amade aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Encane, izikhala zemibala emnyama emnyama ngombala onsundu.
Ukusatshalaliswa. Ukufuduka, ukuzulazula futhi, kwezinye izindawo, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezulu ezitholakala e-Eurasia nase-Afrika. Kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani eYurophu, kuhlala izindawo ezisogwini ikakhulukazi. Ubusika eningizimu yebanga, luze lubheke eMedithera nase-Afrika. E-Italy, inani lezidleke ezingama-1,200-1,800. Lapha, abantu abangu-4,000-7 500 abaqoshwa bahlala bachitha ubusika babo, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwase-Adriatic naseSardinia.
Habitat. Ihlala ezindaweni eziswakeme ezisogwini eduze namanzi anosawoti, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinodaka nezinezodaka ezizungezwe amanzi, zivulekile noma ezinezitshalo ezinqabile. Kwezinye izindawo, i-shiloklyuvk ingabonakala emizimbeni yamanzi amaphakathi nezwe.
Ibhayoloji. Amafomu amakoloni, kuvame ukuhlalwa kanye nezinye izinyoni zasolwandle, imithambeka kanye namathafa. Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, kubeka amaqanda ama-4 ansundu akhanya namachashazi amnyama, bobabili abazali bagcoba izinsuku ezingama-23-25. Imichilo iba namaphiko lapho ineminyaka engaba ngu-35-45. Ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa ngonyaka. Izwi liyaphikelela, lifana nomsindo wombhobho. Ukudla kuqukethe ama-invertebrates. Indiza ngokushesha, yize ukugoba kwamaphiko kuhamba kancane.
Iqiniso elihehayo. I-Shiloklyuv idla emanzini angajulile, kuyilapho ithobisa uqhwaku futhi ibasuse ngapha nangapha, isabalalisa ukungcola nokubamba inyamazane. Yintanta kalula nangomusa, isikhungo sokudonsa sidluliselwe phambili.
Ezokuphepha. Kwezinye izindawo zobubanzi, ubuningi balezi zinhlobo buyancipha ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo, kodwa ezindaweni ezivikelwe kutholwa inkambiso ehlukile.
Shiloklyuvka (I-Recurvirostra avosetta)
Ukubukeka Hlela
Ukusuka kude, i-shiloklyuv ingaba yiphutha ngeseagull. Kodwa-ke, lapho ihlolwa eduze, iyinyoni ebonakalayo kalula, ebangeni lesidleke, engafani nezinye izidalwa. Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho ingumlomo omude, omncane, oqiniswe kahle engxenyeni ye-apical - lesi sici sihlukanisa le nyoni kusuka lapho ihlangene khona futhi inombala ofanayo, lapho uqhwaku luqondile futhi lufushane. I-Shiloklyuv nayo inkulu kakhulu - ubude bayo buyi-42-46 cm, ngamaphiko ama-67-77 cm. I-plumage imhlophe ngokwebala, ngaphandle kwekhephu elimnyama, elifinyelela kude ngemuva kwekhanda nengxenye engenhla yentamo, nemivimbo emnyama eshayayo emaphikweni. Umsila umfishane futhi uqondile. Imilenze iblue, inezinhlaka zokubhukuda. Uthingo lubomvu onsundu. Abesilisa nabesifazane bacishe bangafani ngobukhulu nangombala komunye, ngaphandle kokuthi kowesifazane insimbi yoqhwaku ingakhanya kancane, futhi indandatho emhlophe iyabonakala esweni. Ezinyoni ezincane, amathoni amnyama ku-plumage athathelwa indawo onsundu onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ansundu. Akukwenzi izingqinamba.
Ukuhlela Komnyakazo
Emhlabeni, i-shiloklyuk ingahle igijime ngokushesha, iguqe phansi futhi yelule intamo ende, noma, kunalokho, ihamba kancane, isakaza amaphiko ayo. Kwesinye isikhathi igoba imilenze yayo bese iwela nomzimba wonke esihlabathini (“amadolo”). Imvamisa idlula emahlombe ingene emanzini, lapho ithola khona ukudla ngokunciphisa uqhwaku lwayo ngokuthe tyaba ebusweni bamanzi. Ubhukuda kahle, acishe angangeni emanzini, enze izimbotshana njengamadada. Endizeni, welula imilenze yayo emuva kakhulu, ngasikhathi lapho ingahlanganiswa khona ne-crayfish plover (I-Dromas ardeola).
Ukuhlela Kokubanga Okuhle
Uhla lokuzalela luhlakazekile, luhlanganisa izindawo ezithile zesimo sezulu ukusuka eNyakatho Atlantic kuya emazingeni aphansi nasogwaduleni eCentral Asia, nasezindaweni ezishisayo naseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika. ENtshonalanga naseNyakatho Yurophu, izidleke ezisogwini lwePortugal nase-United Kingdom ngaseningizimu yeSweden nase-Estonia. EFrance, itholakala enyakatho ogwini lwe-Bay of Biscay kanye ne-English Channel, naseningizimu eLwandle iMedithera. ESpain, ihlela izidleke hhayi ogwini oluseningizimu kuphela, kodwa namachibi kasawoti angaphakathi. Eningizimu yeYurophu, ibuye idleke eSardinia, e-Italy, eGrisi, eHungary naseRomania. E-Austria, zitholakala ikakhulu ogwini lwechibi leNeusiedler See. Izimpi zisempumalanga ogwini olusenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama, kufaka ne-Ukraine eGulf of Sivash nasenyakatho ye-Azov.
E-Russia, umngcele osenyakatho ugudla umfula iDon isigodi, iVolgograd, imifudlana iBolshoi neMaly Uzen, kanye naseSiberia eningizimu yamachibi angama-55, iTuva, indawo ephansi yamachibi eSelenga naseTorey eTransbaikalia. Mhlawumbe futhi izidleke esifundeni Saratov. EKazakhstan, izindawo ezithile zobubanzi eseningizimu yemigwaqo ephansi ye-Ilek ziyabonakala. E-Asia ngaphandle kweRussia, kutholakala iziza ezidlekayo enyakatho ye-Arabian Peninsula, e-Iraq, e-Iran (ezintabeni ze-Zagros), e-Afghanistan, ePakistan (enyakatho ye-Balochistan), entshonalanga ne-India (esifundeni saseKach) nasenyakatho neChina (i-Tsaidam ogwadule nasendaweni ephakathi yoMfula i-Yellow) . E-Afrika, ithela enyakatho emngceleni weMorocco naseTunisia, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga neziseningizimu yezwekazi eliseningizimu yePhondo lase-Afrika, kepha ayikho eSahara nasezindaweni zamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Hitats Hlela
Ngesikhathi sokudlela kuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezingekho emijondolo ezinamanzi noma anosawoti noma omakoti - ulwandle olunodaka, amachibi angajulile, imigodi kasawoti, izixhaxha, ukuchitheka kwesizini ogwadule nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Ukhetha izindawo lapho ehlobo izinga lamanzi lehla kakhulu, eveza iziqhingi eziningi, izihlabathi ezinamasanti kanye namatshe okhalweni. Okunye okubonakalayo kwezindawo zokudlela izidleke kungukudla okunevila okubangelwa okuqukethwe usawoti okuphezulu emanzini. Esikhathini sesikhathi sokuzalela, sinamathela kuma-biotopes afanayo, kanye namachibi, amadamu asemfuleni, izindle namabhishi anesihlabathi sezilwandle.
Ukufuduka Hlela
Uhlobo lokufuduka ikakhulukazi luya endaweni yendawo yokuhlala. Enyakatho nasempumalanga Yurophu, kanye nase-Asia, ama-shiloklyvki ngokuvamile ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. E-UK, eFrance naseNetherlands phakathi nobusika obufudumele, iningi lezinyoni ebusika; lihlala ezindaweni ezidlekayo. IHelgoland Bay naseRhine Delta, lapho maphakathi noJulayi imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni ezivela eSweden, eDenmark naseJalimane iqoqana phakathi kokuncibilikisa, kusele ingxenye encane kuphela yayo ebusika. Ekugcineni, e-Afrika kanye nangasogwini lwePersian Gulf, ama-shiloklyuvs aqala indlela yokuphila yokuphila evamile noma agxilise ugu ngasolwandle ngenkathi eyomile.
Kusuka enyakatho nasentshonalanga yeYurophu, izinyoni zihamba ziye eningizimu eseningizimu ekwindla, kanti ezinye zazo ziyama emaphethelweni nasezihlotsheni ezisogwini lweFrance, Portugal naseSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni eziningi zasebusika ezindaweni ezinotshalwe ngabantu - ngokwesibonelo, emachibini okufakelwa kuwo lapho izinhlanzi zidotshwa khona. Enye ingxenye iwela uLwandle iMedithera kanye nobusika ngasogwini lwe-Atlantic lwase-Afrika. Izakhamizi zaseCentral and Southeast Europe zindizela eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga, zifika ogwini lweMedithera nolwandle Olumnyama, kanye naseNyakatho Afrika. Ezinye izinyoni ezivela kulezi zifunda ziwela iSahara futhi zime ngasolwandle lweSahel eSudan naseChad. Izindlela zokufuduka ezisuka eCentral Asia naseSiberia azange zifundwe ngokwanele; ubusika bamahhala bubonakala ePersian Gulf, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya kanye nogu lolwandle lwase-China luyaziwa. Ukufuduka kwe-Autumn kuqala ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, kanti ngo-Okthoba iningi lezinyoni selivele lishiya izidleke zazo.
I-Shiloklyuvki - i-monogamous, qala ukukhiqizwa kabusha kusuka ekupheleni konyaka wesibili wokuphila. Izinyoni zifika ezindaweni zokudlela kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMashi kuya kuMeyi, zihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangama-5-30 ngokufuduka, futhi ziqoqana imihlambi emikhulu ezindaweni zokuphumula. Amadoda amadala aqala ukundiza kuqala, bese kuba yizinsikazi ezindala, bese kuthi ekugcineni izinyoni ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 zindlule. Tidleke tinemakholoni a-sparse ahlanganisa emapulangwe lalishumi kuya kumashumi lasi-70, imvamisa kanye kanye naletinye tinhlobo - ema-gulls, terns kanye naletinye tetimboni tesivakashi. Ikakhulu, eningizimu yeYenisei Siberia, izidleke ezixubile ze-shiloklyuv nama-river tern, ama-zuiks amancane nolwandle, kanye ne-herbalism kwaphawulwa. Izidleke ezingashadile azivamile.
Amabili atholakala kwiziza ezidlekayo ngemuva nje kokufika. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuzala esifushane, imibhangqwana iqala ukwakha isidleke, esivame ukutholakala eduze kwamanzi, esihlabathini esingenalutho, phakathi kotshani obunqabile noma esibayeni esomile sodaka. Ihlala ikhetha izikhala ezivulekile, ngaphandle kotshani obukhulu njenge-sedge noma ikati. Njengomthetho, isidleke singumgodi omncane emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokufaka udaka noma ugcotshwe ngotshani obunomhlana, obuqoqwe endaweni engaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5. Esakhiweni sobumba esimanzi, isidleke singakhuphuka size sifinyelele ku-7 cm cm kusuka emhlabathini kanti kulokhu kubukeka njengesakhiwo esinesigaxa esibi esenziwe ngengxube yokungcola nezinto zezitshalo. Kunoma yikuphi, isidleke asimbozwa lutho oluvela phezulu. Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke ezingomakhelwane ngokwesilinganiso imitha, kodwa ngobukhulu bokuhlala obukhulu bungaba ngu-20-30 cm.
Ukuqala kokuzalela kwandiswa kakhulu ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nesimo sezulu - engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, amaqanda ngokuvamile abekwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, esifundeni saseLwandle iWadden enyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli, naseSiberia ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. I-Clutch kanye ngonyaka, iqukethe ama-4, amaqabunga ama-3 we-ocher, isihlabathi noma umbala we-olive onamabala amnyama namnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala ahlangana, athole isimilo semivimbo kanye nokhefana ngendlela yephethini lemabula. Ngesinye isikhathi, amaqanda amaningi atholakala ku-clutch, noma kunjalo, amaqanda angeziwe kungenzeka atholwe. Osayizi beqanda: (44-58) x (31- 39) mm, isisindo cishe esingu-31.7 g. Womabili la malungu aleli gciwane agxila ezinsukwini ezingama-23-25. Esidlekeni, izinyoni ziziphatha kamnandi futhi ngesibindi zigijimisa abafokazi, zivikela isidleke. Amachwane azalwe embozwe nge-fluff - ngaphezulu kombala wesihlabathi ophuzi onamamaki amnyama, ngaphansi okumhlophe. Njengoba sebomile, basuka ngokuzimele bashiye isidleke bese belandela abazali babo, kwesinye isikhathi benza amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka esidlekeni. Owesilisa nowesifazane bondla inzalo. Isikhathi se-plumage siyizinsuku ezingama-35-42, emva kwalokho amachwane aqala ukundiza futhi azimele ngokuphelele. Ubudala obaziwa kakhulu eYurophu ngokwemiphumela yokuhlaselwa kwe banding kwembulwa eNetherlands - iminyaka engama-27 izinyanga eziyi-10.
Isisekelo sokudla yizinhlobonhlobo zama-invertebrates asemanzini angu-4-15 cm, atholakala endaweni. Lapho ifuna ukudla, le nyoni ivame ukuzulazula emanzini angajulile, inyakazisa uqhwaku yayo isuka ngapha nangapha izama ingaphezulu kwamanzi noma iphonsa uqhwayi odakeni. Kwesinye isikhathi idla imploat, yenze i-dives ngaphambili komzimba - indlela yokuphamba ibonakala kumadada amaningi. Okuphakelayo kuthola ngokuthinta. Idla izinambuzane - mabhungane amancane (mabhungane asemhlabathini, njll.), Ama-shoreworms (I-Ephydridae), ama-crustaceans - i-Artemia (I-Artemia salina) nama-amphipods eqenjini ICorophium, izibungu zomhlaba kanye ne-polychaete worms, i-fish Fry nama-mollusks amancane.