Kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN, i-Goose ebomvu enesimo sinesimo sendalo ebhekene nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo nazo zingokwesigaba esihambelanayo kwi-Red Book of Russia. Ngaphezu kwalokho iGoose Goose ivikelwe izivumelwano eziningi zamazwe omhlaba: i-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES II), kanye neSithasiselo kwiBerne neBonn Convention.
Ezinye zezindawo ezidlekayo, ukukhanya okwedlulele nezindawo zobusika zitholakala ezindaweni ezivikelwe (Taimyr Nature Reserve kanye nenqwaba yezindawo zasendaweni).
I-goose eboshwe ngamehlo abomvu yathola isimo sezinhlobo ezisongelwa ngokubhujiswa ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-20, lapho kuphela iminyaka engama-20 ukusuka phakathi kuya maphakathi nonyaka lehle lisuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50 laya kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-22-27, ngaphezulu kwama-40%. Njengamanje, isizinzise ngandlela thile futhi ilinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-35.
Buka futhi ndoda
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuncishiswa okubukhali kwenani le-goose goose goose zihlobene kakhulu nomthelela oqondile noma oqondile we-anthropogenic factor, ngokubakhona nomsebenzi womuntu. Enye yezizathu ezinkulu ochwepheshe abaningi ababiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwaseNyakatho: ukuhlola nokuthuthuka kwamasimu ka-oyili negesi futhi, maqondana nalokhu, ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini (amanethiwekhi asolwandle, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, zonke izimoto zomhlaba. Ukuthuthuka kwezokwakha kanye nezokuvakasha ezindaweni zobusika nokuphumula kwezinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka nakho kuthuthukisa umthelela wokuphazamiseka, futhi, kwesinye isikhathi kunciphisa amahansi omhlaba wokudla oyinhloko.
Indima ebalulekile emibi yadlalwa ngokuzingela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zobusika. Isibonelo, endaweni yase-Azabajani, ngisho nasendaweni yokugcina yaseKyzylagach, lapho iningi le-Goose goose ligudluzwe khona, inani elikhulu lalawa ma-goose amahle futhi akholwe kakhulu adutshulwa.
Phakathi kwezinto zemvelo ezingaqondile ezisebenza ezindaweni zokuthola izidleke, umuntu angabiza ukuncishiswa kwenani lamanga e-pegrine ku-tundra, avame ukugadiswa amageja anephunga elibomvu, ngenkathi ukuncipha kwenani lemimu nakho kuthinta kabi inhlala-kahle yempuphu. kufaka phakathi amahansi, konakalisa izidleke zazo.
Indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni inani lale geese yadlalwa ngokuthwebula kwabo ama-zoos. Cishe wonke ama-zoo ayefuna ukuba nalezi zinyoni ezinhle emaqoqweni awo. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho uhulumeni waseNdiya enikela ngendlovu yamaNdiya ngamahansi abomvu obomvu!
Kodwa-ke, okwenziwe ngumuntu kusize ekusindiseni i-goose ebomvu, ngenxa yokuzalaniswa ngempumelelo kwalezi zinyoni ekudingisweni. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukudingiswa kwatholakala ukudingiselwa eNgilandi ngo-1926 eWhitefowl Trust edumile, eyakhiwa ngudokotela wezamazinyo uSir Peter Scott eSlimbridge. Ngo-1958-59 izimbotshana zezinja ezingomlomo obomvu zazalaniswa eMoses Zoo. Njengamanje, i-goose ebomvu enamabele ngempumelelo ekuzaleni e-zoos nasezitaladini eziningi emhlabeni.
Hhayi ukubukeka okukhumbulekayo nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokuphumelela komqaphi kwabangela ukukhetha kwe-goose ebomvu njengophawu lwe-18th International Ornithological Congress, eyenzeka eMoscow ngonyaka we-1982. Umdwebo walesi sifanekiselo - ihhashi elibomvu elibunjiwe elisemuva komhlaba - lasungulwa yiSir Peter Scott efanayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-goose ebomvu ebilokhu iyisibonakaliso senhlangano eminingana yaseRussia Ornithological Society.
Ukubukeka
Igama livela kumbala wombala waso ongaphandle, imvamisa umbala wombala wenyoni uphethwe yimibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama. Ukusuka emaphethelweni ayo kuze kube nguqhwaku lwayo, inombala omnyama we-monochrome, kepha izinhlangothi zayo, isisu namaphiko kunombala weplamu okhanyayo kakhudlwana, eduze kombala wekhofi ompunga nobumnyama. Abesilisa nabesifazane bafana kakhulu, kepha, njengokomthetho, abantu abathile bomugqa wesilisa babusa insikazi ngobukhulu futhi banomucu omhlophe obengezelayo ozungeze intamo.
Isisindo senyoni endala sisuka ku-1.5 siye ku-2.2 kg, ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala abudluli ku-64 cm. Ngosayizi omncane kangako womzimba, amaphiko makhulu ngokuphindwe kabili. Ngokuqondene nezinkomba ezingafani kangako, i-goose ibhekwa kufanele njengenyoni encane kunazo zonke yohlobo lwayo.
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi ezaziwa nge-brant emnyama. Ukubukeka kwabo akuhlukile kakhulu, kodwa kunemikhuba yayo engafani yokwenza imibala ngesakhiwo somzimba esifanayo.
- Brjnta bernicla hrota - isisu esinombala okhanyayo ngekhofi ephuzi kanye nezinsiba ezimhlophe ezithambile,
- I-Brjnta bernicla nigriсns - isisu sabamele abokulesi sikhala sinombala omlotha omnyama,
- I-Brjnta bernicla - umehluko usethoni elikhanyayo le-plumage.
Imikhuba nendlela yokuphila
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziphila ngendlela yokuphila eyinqaba. Abadala basondela ngokuningiliziwe ukukhetha kwababili babo. Lama-Anseriformes akhetha umbhangqwana kanye empilweni yabo futhi wakhe umndeni njalo. Ukugcina lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ubudlelwano, izinyoni minyaka yonke zenza umdanso okhethekile, noma isiko, kubandakanya ukwamukelwa kwesimo esingajwayelekile (i-pose). Inani lokuphakama okungenhla yizinhlobo ezingama-6 - 11. Lesi sici sidonsela insikazi futhi sigxilisa ukunaka kwakhe okhethiweyo wakhe. Ukucinga umlingani kwenzeka ngokushesha esikhathini esandulela kokuqala kokufuduka.
IBlack Goose iyinyoni efudukayo, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kwayo iyama ukuhlomisa leyo ndawo yokwakha izidleke nokukhulisa inzalo yayo. Izidleke ze-geese zingezinhlobo zamakoloni omphakathi futhi zitholakala kakhulu ngasogwadule olusogwini, eduze kwemilambo yemifula, osebeni lwamachibi nasogwini lwe-tundra. Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukudlekwa eduze kwamanzi, kepha kunezikhathi lapho izinhlobo zezilwane zibamba inzalo futhi zijule kwi-tundra (ifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-10 iye esifubeni sezwe).
Habitat
Amahansi amnyama akhetha isimo sezulu esipholile. Ukusuka emlandweni wokufuduka nokuthandwayo, ahlangana nolwandle olusenyakatho neNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ikakhulu, bakhethwa yiJalimane, iDenmark neNetherlands. Ubukhona Vranta bernisla hrota (I-Atlantic Black Goose) kudala yaziwa endaweni yaseRussia Federation, kepha ngenxa yokuncipha kwesibalo sabantu (cishe abantu abayi-1000), lokhu okubhaliwe kusesigabeni sokuqothulwa futhi manje sekubalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.
Ukuzala futhi umsoco
Ngemuva kokubhanqa nokuzithethelela kwesiza esidlekayo, isikhathi sokuzalela siqala. Isiqalo siwela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni futhi sithathe cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Izinyoni ziqala umcimbi wokuphola, obandakanya ukuthatha inzuzo ukuheha ukunakwa. Umkhosi, wokuqinisekisa imvume, ophethe inyunyana, ukugeza ngokuhlanganyela. Naphezu kobudlelwano obukhulu phakathi kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo, isiko liphindwa njalo ngonyaka.
Ukuhlomisa isidleke senyoni, zisebenzisa ama-moss, izimpaphe, phansi, utshani obudotshwa abushelelezi bese bubeka konke ngendlela yokuthi kutholakale i-niche encane enobubanzi obuyindilinga obukhulu obuphakathi. I-Nesting itholakala ezindaweni eziseduzane nezidumbu zamanzi. Uma kubekwa iqanda elilodwa, ihansi likhiqiza amaqanda angaba ngu-3-5, ngokuvamisile amaqanda angama-5-7. Ngesikhathi sokubopha, okuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-24- 26, njengoba ukuqandelwa kwamachwane kwenzeka cishe ngasikhathi sinye, owesilisa akayishiyi eyowesifazane eyedwa. Uyamvikela futhi amvikele, amsize ukuba adle ngokugcwele ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuba amachwane esezelwe, abazali bahambisana nokuqokwa kwabo ukuze iphuphu lingazishiyi lodwa, ngoba ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3 kuphela iphupho selivele likwazi ukwenza lokhu. Ama-hatch hatch asivele aqukethe ngombala obumpunga obimpunga. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (imvamisa izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu), abazali bayisa inzalo yabo bayise endaweni yokugcina amanzi eseduze, ezoba ikhaya labo kungekudala. Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ezimbili ngemuva kokudonswa kwamachwane kuthatha amasonto ayisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, bobabili abazali bayaqapha futhi bondle izingane zabo. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izinsikazi zishiya izinsikazi zazo, zihlela umhlambi wazo ngokwehlukana. Izinsikazi ezinamachwane ziyakwazi ukuhlangana emaqenjini azo phakathi komhlambi ohlukile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ku-molting kuqala kubantu abadala, futhi baphelelwa amandla okundiza, i-plumage entsha ivele isivele ngokufuduka ekwindla. Izilwane ezisencane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinqotshwa ekwindla futhi zizinze ngamaplamu kuphela ngokuqala kobusika. Labo bantu ukuthi ngasizathu simbe abadali badonswa ndawonye emihlambeni ehlukile kuzinyoni zomzali futhi baphile inqubo yokuncibilika.
Ukukhula abasebasha kuzoba ngaphansi kokubuswa isikhathi esanele ngokwanele futhi bazoshiya umndeni ngesikhathi sokuzalelwa okulandelayo, okuzokhulula abazali ezibophweni zabo zokugcina inzalo yamanje. Kepha izingane ngeke zikwazi ukuqhubeka zinhlobo zazo, ngoba ukuvuthwa kokugcina kwezingane kutholakala kuphela ngemuva komunye unyaka.
Ukudla kwabameleli bohlobo lweKazarka black kuqukethe ikakhulukazi amakhambi, ama-mosses, ama-mollusks, ama-lichens nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ukudla okuphelele kuyehluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka ngokuya ngezinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ehlobo badla ama-forbs, ama-mollusks.
- Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ama-shrub willows kanye ne-sedge asezingeni lokudla.
- Ebusika, ukudla kubukeka kunqabile kanti ingxenye enkulu ifaka kuphela ukhula lwasolwandle.
Izitha Z Goose
Ziningi izinkinga ngalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni - kusuka ezinsweni nasezinhlanzini kuya kwezimpungushe ezingama-arctic namabhere amnyama. Izinhlanzi nezinyoni zasolwandle azideleli ngisho nokweba kwamantshontsho. Bona-ke, izidleke zama-goose ezikude nezidleke zezinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane ukuze zilondoloze inzalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-peregrine falcons, izikhova kanye ne-buzzards. Lezi zinyoni zizingela kude nezidleke zazo, kanti ezinye izinyamazane ezincane azisondeli lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngakho-ke amahansi anendawo ekahle yokuhlangana kwawo aqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingane zawo.
Ngeshwa, noma ukufihlwa kobumbono noma ukuvikelwa okunikeziwe kungaqinisekisa ukuvikela okugcwele esidlekeni. Uma isitha sitholakala, i-goose ithatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela, inamathela intamo yayo phambili, ivule amaphiko ayo bese iqala ukukhalela phezulu, kodwa noma lokhu akusizi njalo izinyoni ukusindisa inzalo yazo.
Isibalo
Inani lama-goose amnyama esikhathini sethu cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-450-500. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwesibalo sawo ngokwesiko kubhekwa njengokufa okwandile kokudla okubalulekile kwasebusika kwama-goose, okulutshani bolwandle lwaseZoster.
Ukuzingela kanye nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala eYurophu nakho kudlale indima enkulu ekwehliseni ubuningi bezinhlobo. IBlack Goose Brenta bernicla hrota ivikelekile eYurophu nakindiza eRussia. Izimo zokuphila zamanje, ezibandakanya ukonakaliswa kwemvelo, ukudoba kwabahlali ngokuthola amaqanda, kuphazamisa kakhulu inani labantu abamnyama i-Black Goose.
Ukungena kwama-goose amnyama eNcwadini ebomvu kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa okuningana kwezilwane ezihlaselayo kanye nokwehlulwa imfuhlumfuhlu. Ama-goose goose achitha ubusika eNyakatho, lapho abantu abajwayele ukuzingela ama-anseriformes nawo anomthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo.
Kuyiqiniso, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo. Ezindaweni ezihlalwa ngabantu, kanye nasezindaweni ezifudukayo kuzo, kwethulwe imibandela yokubhuka. Kukhona futhi nokuvinjwa kokuzingela kwale nhlobo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinyathelo, kunjalo, kunomthelela ekwandeni kwenani eliphelele labantu, kepha kusekuncane kakhulu futhi ngeke kuqinisekise ngokuphelele ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu. Izinyoni ngokwazo zinobungane futhi ziyazethemba, futhi ezithinta inani labo.
Amahansi abekezelela kalula isimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi awadingi i-aviary efudumele, kepha i-canopy izowasiza azizwe ekhululekile kakhulu lapho kunetha. Amahansi, njengama-goose, avumelana nezimo kalula ekudingisweni. Zinobungani komakhelwane bezinye izinyoni ezinjengamadada, amahansi kanye nama-swans. Futhi njengamanye ama-Anseriformes, adinga ukufinyelela kwisilondolozi unomphela, kungakuhle ukuthi abezindiza bahlonyiswe ngesiqi esingu-20% wendawo yonke. Futhi, lapho igcinwa endaweni yezindiza, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa ngamadlelo, utshani lapho kufanele bungabi ngaphezu kuka-7.5 cm.
Lapho ugcina izinyoni esibayeni, ukudla kwe-goose kumele kube nokuqhamuka nokudla komsuka wesitshalo, ulwelwe. Ukudla okuyinhloko kufanele kufake izitshalo zemifino nezithelo ezinamafutha (ikakhulukazi athanda amasaladi), futhi okusanhlamvu okuvundile kuzoba wusizo impela esizukulwaneni esincane. Ama-feed ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-granule ahlukahlukene enzelwe izinkukhu zombili kanye ne-waterfowl asetshenziselwa ukondla ukudla okuyinhloko.
Ukuzala kungenziwa ngokwemvelo nangokusebenzisa ama-incubators. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, bhangqa izithandani ezihlangwini ezihlukile (ukuze kungabikho ukufinyelela kwezinye izinyoni) ngenxa yokwanda kolaka lwabesilisa ngalesi sikhathi.
Goose Goose
Goose Goose | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Ukuzalwa okusha |
I-Superfamily: | Anatoidea |
Subfamily: | ihansi |
Buka: | Goose Goose |
- Rufibrenta ruficollis
UCossack obhekene nobomvu (lat. Branta ruficollis) - isiphuzo samanzi esivela emndenini wamadada. Ukubukeka kufana ne-goose encane enentamo ende kanye nomlomo omfishane. Umbala ukhanya futhi uhlukile, uhlanganisa amathoni abomvu-we-chestnut, amhlophe namnyama. Izinhlobo ezingandile ezidla i-tundra endaweni yaseRussia, ikakhulukazi eTaimyr nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Ubusika esifundeni esisentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama, esifundeni esiseningizimu yeCaspian. Idla ekudleni kwezitshalo - amahlumela aluhlaza wotshani, ngesikhathi sasebusika kanye nokufuduka - ezingxenyeni zemifino yama-steppe kanye nemashi kasawoti, okusanhlamvu oku-ephemeral, okusanhlamvu kwasebusika. Izilwanyane kanye ngonyaka ngoJuni - Julayi, ngamaqanda ama-9-9. Ithambisa kalula futhi ifakwa ekhaya. Ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kweencwadi ezibomvu zamazwe omhlaba nezesifunda, ifakiwe emihlanganweni eminingi yezizwe ngokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Ukuzingela ihansi kuvinjelwe yonke indawo.
Vota
Amahansi amabele anombala obomvu athandeka kakhulu phakathi kwawo, ikakhulukazi, lapho efika emanzini futhi ehamba, enza ukukhala okukhulu okuzwakala kude. Izwi lenyoni lichazwa njengegagasi elingqubuzanayo elinobukhulu obuthathu noma elincane eliphansi, okubuye kukhunjulwe ngokukhala kwesimbotshana noma ngamehlo amhlophe-ngaphambili, kodwa kube bukhali futhi kube nomthunzi “oyingqimba” - "givva, givva". Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni ikhipha isimilo sesimo.
Ububanzi be-Nesting
I-Red-koo ebomvu, isiphetho seRussia, idla endaweni encane endaweni eyi-moss-lichen kanye ne-shrub tundra kusuka eYamal kuya empumalanga kuya emaphethelweni asentshonalanga wesigodi saseKhatanga (iKhatanga Bay kanye nePopigay River Valley). Iningi labantu, cishe i-70%, ligxila eNhlonhlo iTaimyr, ikakhulukazi emigodini yemifula yePyasina ne-Upper Taimyr. EGydan naseYamal, kuyaziwa iziza ezimbalwa ezincane, ikakhulukazi amadada ahlala esidlekeni esingamakhilomitha angama-20 soMfula i-Yuribey, amakhilomitha ayikhulu enyakatho yeLake Yaroto, ezingxenyeni zemifula yeGyda neYeboakha.
Ibanga lobusika
Ukubuka okujwayelekile kokufuduka. Njengamanje, iziteshi eziphambili zasebusika zitholakala esifundeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga neBlack Sea: emachibini aseShablensky naseDurankulashsky eBulgaria, okuyinkimbinkimbi yamachibi namachibi iRazelm neDanube Delta eseRomania, isifunda esingokomlando seDobruja esizeni salezi zindawo zombili, ngamanani amancane eGreece. Kodwa-ke, ubusika obukhulu kulezi zindawo butholwe muva nje, engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, amahansi athutha kakhulu ogwini lwaseningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian - aya e-Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan nase-Iran, kanye nasogwini olusenyakatho lwePersian Gulf. Ngokokulinganisa konyaka we-1950s, kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 esifundeni seCaspian. Cishe emkhakheni wesitoreji saseKyzylagach eAzerbaijan ngo-1967, cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-24 zabantu bebusika, kodwa-ke, ngonyaka olandelayo isibalo esibalulekile, esingaba yingxenye yabantu bonke, sathuthela eLwandle Olumnyama saqoshwa.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindiza ezimbalwa kuphela zalezi zinyoni eziye zabonwa esifundeni seCaspian. Ekugcineni, kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970s, inani elincane lama-goose laqala ubusika eMpumalanga Ekude eMfuleni iLangtze River eChina. Kukholakala ukuthi ukucwaswa okukhethekile kwamahansi, abonakala ngemininingwane yemibala, eke yabanda eNayile Delta - lokhu kufakazelwa yimifanekiso eminingi emafeshini asendulo aseGibhithe.
Ukufuduka
Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunalokho okuphathelene namahansi; izinyoni zihlala kumasayithi engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, lapho kuvela utshani obusha obuluhlaza emagqumeni bukhululwa iqhwa. Ekufudukeni kwentwasahlobo, izinyoni zigcina ngamaqembu amancane wezinyoni ezi-3 kuya kwezingu-15, futhi ngokungafani namarhanisi, azakhi uhlelo olunomumo wobumba. Indlela eyinhloko yokufuduka ingahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye ezimbili: ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu nokusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga ekwindla nangokulandelana okuphambene nalokho entwasahlobo. Ingxenye yokuqala ifinyelela empumalanga yomgwaqo i-Ural Range futhi iboshelwe ezigodini zemifula emikhulu, ngokuyinhloko i-Ob kanye naseningizimu yeTobol, kanye nasezigodini zemifula yePur neNadym, indawo ephakathi nePoluya, indawo engenhla yeSobtyegan neKunovat. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeKazakhstan, kuphenduka ngasentshonalanga, lapho kusuka khona i-goose go the steppe kanye ne-semi-desert region of Caspian lowland kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Ukraine kuya ogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama kanye neDanube. Izindawo zokudlela ezibaluleke kakhulu nezindawo zokuphumula yizikhukhula ze-Ob ezise-Arctic Circle, isiphepho sase-Ob esenyakatho neKhanty-Mansiysk, indawo esehlathini ezigodini zaseTobol nase-Ishim, i-Ubagan, i-Ulkayak ne-Irgiz imifula ihlukaniswa emagqumeni amancane aseKazakh, isigodi sesifufula saseMontch eKalmykia, esifundeni saseRostov I-Stavropol Territory. Ukusuka ekwindla okuningi engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba.
Habitat
Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwemvelo, ihlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-shrubby ne-moss-lichen) tundra (ingxenye esenyakatho yehlathi-tundra nayo ikhonjisiwe kwimithombo yakuqala). Ithanda izindawo ezomile futhi eziphakeme kakhulu eduze kwamanzi, imvamisa ezinama-sparse plantings a-birch, u-willow, kwesinye isikhathi iziqaqa zokhula ezomile. Ikakhulu, imvamisa ihlala emaweni amawa ngasogwini lwemifula nasezigodini ezisondelene nezidleke ze-peregrine falcon, i-bony buzzard noma isikhova esimhlophe, okuvame kakhulu eziqhingini ezinamadwala amnyama eduze kwamakholamu esiliva noma ngokugqekeza. Kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-20, indawo esemqoka yamakamu ebusika yayiyindawo evulekile yama -epe ne-mars kasawoti, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, izinyoni ziyema futhi manje ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Kusukela ukuphela kweminyaka yama-1960s, ama-biotopes angazalanisi abesebenza kakhulu njengezitshalo zezilimo zokusanhlamvu kanye nezindawo ezigcwele amachibi namabhola esifundeni esisentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama. Izinyoni zidla emhlabeni phakathi nosuku, ebusuku zikhetha amaxhaphozi amanzi, indawo engamanzi yezindawo ezivaliwe kude nolwandle, futhi kuthi lapho kwenzeka kuthi ukuthula, kube nolwandle.
Umsoco
Ukudla kunqunyelwe impela, njengamanye ama-goose nama-goose, kuhlanganisa kuphela ukondla ngemifino. Ngenkathi yokuzala, idla ngamaqabunga, amahlumela nama-rhizomes amakhambi ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-cannabis emincane ne-sheshtser, izinhlobo ezithile ze-sedge kanye namahhashi. Ebusika, idla emadlelweni, etshanini nasensimini ehlwanyelwe ukolweni wasebusika, ibhali kanye nommbila. Ezindaweni ezomile ze-steppe, idla amahlumela, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nama-rhizomes okusanhlamvu we-ephemeral, i-moss kasawoti, i-pestle, imbewu ye-bedstraw, kanye nama-bulbs wegalikhi asendle. Okuphakelayo kukhishwa emhlabeni ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngesinye isikhathi phakathi nosuku, izinyoni zithatha ikhefu bese zishiya umgodi wokunisela emzimbeni wamanzi oseduze. Njengomthetho, bachitha ubusuku emanzini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni zokudla.
Izici ze Goose nendawo yokuhlala
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinto eziphakeme zama-goose ezimelwe endalweni, phakathi kwazo okukhona: iCanada, emnyama, ebomvu-enomqala futhi emhlophe. Kuboshwe umphimbo obomvu goose - encwadini ebomvu yaseRussia, futhi okwamanje kuphakathi kwabantu abasondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.
Ezinye zezindawo zokuzalela lezi zinhlobo yiYamal, Gydan kanye neTaimyr Peninsula. Kwezinye izifunda, ungahlangana nalaba abamele abomndeni wamadada kuphela ngesikhathi sendiza yabo enkulu. Imizila yokufuduka kwama-goose aboshwe ngamehlo abomvu idlula eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Kazakhstan, Southeast Ukraine kanye nomfula uNadym, iPura, iTobol ne-Ob.
Goose Goose ungumnikazi womzimba kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-55 ubude, futhi isisindo sabadala ngokuvamile asidluli amakhilogremu ayi-1,2. Izimpiko zezinyoni ziyahlukahluka kububanzi ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-35 kuye kwangama-40, futhi umbala umnyama omnyama ngezicucu ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu.
Kuhle kakhulu ukubhukuda nokuntywila. Ihlala, njengomthetho, ezingxenyeni eziphakeme kakhulu futhi zomile kakhulu zehlathi-tundra ne-tundra eduze namanzi. Lezi zinyoni zazisondelene nokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuzingela ngobuningi kwabahlali bendawo ababebashaya ngezibhamu namanetha ngenxa yaphansi, izimpaphe nenyama.
Esithombeni, Goose onamathambo abomvu
I-goose enesifuba esimhlophe kufakwe ku-International Red Book, kepha akusebenzi ezinhlotsheni ezisekupheleni kokuqothulwa. Ubukhulu bezinyoni bukhulu kancane kunezehena elimnyama, futhi inqwaba yazo ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili. Bahlukile kwezinye izihlobo ngombala wethoni ezimbili, ngenxa yazo zibonakala zimhlophe kusuka ngezansi futhi zimnyama kusuka phezulu.
Umphimbo, ibunzi nekhanda ezinhlangothini kumhlophe. Uyakwazi ukubhukuda, dive, ukundiza futhi ugijime ngokushesha, uvame ukuphunyuka ngendlela efanayo nasezingozini. Kutholakala emaphethelweni aseScandinavia, kanye nasogwini lwaseGreenland. Ngezindawo zokudla izidleke, ukhetha indawo enezintaba egcwele indawo ezigcwele amawa nemithambeka ehamba emithambekeni.
Kulesi sithombe goose-emhlophe esihlathini
Ijusi elimnyama Kubukeka njengehansi likasayizi omncane, obonakala emnyama emuva nomhlophe ngaphambili. Uzizwa ekhululekile emanzini nasemhlabathini, ubhukuda ngokushesha futhi masishane emhlabeni. Le nyoni ayazi ukuthi izule kanjani, futhi kuphela, njengamadada, yenza i-capizing ibheke phezulu ukuze ithole ukudla okuvela phansi.
Imilenze noqhwaku lwe-goose kumnyama, isifunda sesisu simhlophe. Lolu hlobo luhlala ikakhulukazi eziqhingini ezise-Arctic Ocean nasogwini lolwandle oluhlukahlukene lwe-Arctic. Ukulungiselela ukudla esidlekeni sezigodi eziphansi zemifula kanye nogu lolwandle, ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezinotshani.
Esithombeni kukhona amahansi amnyama esithombeni
Canosean Canada etholakala e-United States naseCanada. Ngobukhulu bayo, le nyoni idlula izihlobo ezimnyama nezibomvu, futhi isisindo sayo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-6.5. Izimpiko zalaba bantu abamele umndeni wamadada nazo zihlaba umxhwele futhi zisukela ku-125 kuya ku-185 amasentimitha.
Intamo nekhanda le-Canada Goose linombala omnyama nge-shimmer ecwebezelayo. Umbala womzimba uvame ukuba mpunga, kepha ube ne-chocolate noma i-wavy shades. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni igxile kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-Alaska naseCanada naseziqhingini ezifakiwe esiqhingini saseCanada Arctic.
Efanekisiwe Canadian Goose
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-goose yasekhaya ne-goose
Imibhalo ehlukile izinyoni ezifuywayo kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
- umlomo omncane omfushane nentamo encane,
- Uhlobo ngalunye lungumnikazi wombala oyingqayizivele,
- isisindo asidluli uphawu lwe-8 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba abudluli ngaphezu kwama-60 cm.
Amarhanisi asendle ahlukile ngenani labamele nokuziphatha. Zonke izinhlobo ze-goose zibhalwe encwadini ebomvu.
Izinhlobo zamarhanisi asendle
Lezi zinyoni azisizi ngalutho okukhulunywe ngazo kuqala, ngoba abameleli bayo babalulekile futhi bayaziqhenya. Ephakamisa amakhanda abo amnyama, bahamba ngokweqiniso, bezikhombisa kwabanye. Imvelo yabavuza ngomusa ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe - isihlangu esinokwethenjelwa esivikela umzimba. Izimpiko ze-Canada Goose zidwetshwe ngombala onsundu. Izinhlangothi ezingcolile ze-wavy ezinemibala emnyama, isifuba nesisu ngaphezulu.
I-goose enamabele amhlophe yi-goose, okungelula ukuyithola endle. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala emadwaleni nasezitaladini ezisezintabeni, becasha izidleke ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka. Ungabathola e-tundra. Ngokuqondene nokubukeka, ukunakwa kudonswa kumbala omnyama wentamo ngephemikhali emhlophe ekhanyayo. UGrace unezela amaphiko nangemuva, wapendwe ngombala obomvu ngokuchichima okwesibhakabhaka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabamele balezi zinhlobo, ama-goose abukeka emangalisa ngokwengeziwe. Ubonwe kusukela ngaphambili, ubukeka emnyama ngokuphelele. Ngokombono ongasemuva, umuntu mhlophe. Indandatho emhlophe igqama entanyeni emnyama ye-goose, okwenza umehluko omnandi futhi ulethe umbala owengeziwe ukubukeka.
Noma ngabe kukhona ubuwula bokubuka, isisindo senyoni sifinyelela ku-2 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinsikazi zigcina amaqanda ama-3-5 ngasikhathi, zidonsa amantshontsho amancane grey. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa benza yonke imizamo yokusiza "umama omncane."
Le nhlobonhlobo ihlukaniswa kwabanye hhayi ngegama langempela kuphela, kodwa futhi nangendlela ebukeka ngayo. Le nyoni ifana kakhulu ne-goose ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kukhona i-zest ethile ekubukekeni, enikezwe ngombala ongajwayelekile - inhlanganisela yama-grey, amnyama, ansundu kanye namhlophe.
“Umgexo” omuhle onsundu nomhlophe usentanyeni ye-goose yaseHawaii. Isisindo - kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 kg. Ubungqabavu bohlobo yilezi zinhlaka ezingezikhuliswanga kahle emilenzeni, ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni zizizwa zingakhululekile emanzini, futhi ngenxa yalokho cishe sonke isikhathi zisemhlabeni.
Incazelo yokuzalela kwama-goose
Amakati gogo inyoni encane engajwayelekile etholakala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi ezivulekile. Ingwevu enothando enenkululeko ibhukuda kahle, ihamba emhlabeni nezimpukane. Umhlambi we-Goose minyaka yonke futhi uthuthela ezimfisweni ezibandayo.
Umuntu oqinile akathandi ubusika basithwathwa futhi uya eningizimu eyofuna wonke umhlambi ukudla. Iziphi izinhlobo zama-goose atholakala emvelweni? Sifunda konke ngenyoni yegogo ebomvu.
Kunconywe ukufundwa: Sprayer BISON PSH GRAND MASTER 3000, 4000
Yiziphi izingxenye zomhlaba eziphila
Ama-Canada goose ajwayelekile eNyakatho Melika, lapho amaningi kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lezinyoni lihlala e-Alaska, eGreenland, eCanada, esiqhingini saseCanada Arctic. Ngokuyisisekelo, bahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu ezithandwa ukukhiqizwa kokudla, futhi bandizela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo ukwakha izidleke nokuhlala amachwane.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zikhetha izindawo lapho kunezidlakudla ezimbalwa. Ngalezi zinhloso, iMexico, eningizimu ye-USA neCalifornia kufanelekile, lapho kunendawo enhle ebusika futhi kungekho bunzima ngokudla. Imithambo ihlangana endleleni ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo futhi ingabuyi kuze kufudumale.
I-Canada Canada Goose ikhetha izindawo eziseduze kwamaxhaphozi, amadamu okugcina amanzi kanye namabhange emifula, lapho wena namachwane akho ungathola khona ukudla. Umuntu ngamunye unesisindo esiningi, ngakho-ke zihamba ngokuzithoba emhlabathini futhi zibhukuda kahle. Amahansi angaba semoyeni isikhathi eside lapho endiza ebusika, kodwa akhethe ukungahambi uma kudingeka ngempela.
Inani elincane lama-goose laliseziqhingini zaseKuril naseCommander Islands, kodwa ngenxa yokudubula okuhlala njalo, abantu banyamalala ngokuphelele.
Inyoni encane - ihansi
Ngokubukeka iyinhlobo enhle kakhulu, kodwa engenakuqhathaniswa yezinyoni, hhayi ukuthi ixhumane nabantu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zigcinwa emhlambini futhi ziphila impilo enamathele kakhulu. Abantu abadala abasebancane banakekelwa yibo bonke abantu abadala, kuthi lapho befuduka umhlambi unakekele umuntu ogulayo noma olimele. Izinyoni ziyahlukahluka kwezinye izinhlobo zasendle ngombala wazo omnyama, okhanya ngokukhanya kwelanga. Zihlala zindizela ndawonye ngokhiye oqinile ongazwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi.
Funda futhi: Izinkinga ze-goose: izimpawu nokwelashwa ekhaya
Izimpiko ezithembekile zithola umngane wokuzalela, futhi lapho nje insikazi izalela amaqanda ayo, owesilisa uba umvikeli oyinhloko wenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Izintokazi zibopha kusukela kumathambo ayi-6 kuye kwayi-8 ngasikhathi. Ngenyanga eyodwa nje, amaqanda ajika abe yisifudlana, okuthi ngaso ekwindla sikulungele ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala komhlambi. Goose njalo ukuzingela. Uboya bukaGoose busetshenziselwa ukuthunga ukufakwa noma ukufafaza, futhi inyama yokudla ye-goose ilungele ngisho nabantu abagulayo.
Akunzima ukuhlukanisa lo mhlobo kwezinye izilwane zasendle. Ubukhulu obuncane, ikhanda elimnyama ne-gritoneum empunga - i-goose ivelele kude. Izinyoni zithanda amanzi futhi zizakhela izidleke zazo emathangeni otshani obukhulu. Ukudla kwabantu abadala nezilwane ezincane kuqukethe amakhambi ikakhulukazi, aqukethe amavithamini kanye nezakhamzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinyoni ezitholakala endaweni yemvelo.
Mnyama
Uma uqhathanisa i-goose emnyama nezihlobo zayo ezichazwe ngenhla, khona-ke ibukeka kahle. Uma uyibuka kusukela ngaphambili, ibonakala imnyama ngokuphelele, kusukela ngakwesobunxele emuva - kumhlophe. Intamo emnyama ihlotshiswe ngendandatho emhlophe eyindilinga.
Ngokubukeka okubuthaka kunalokho, isisindo somzimba we-goose emnyama yi-1.2-2.2 kg, futhi umzimba ufinyelela ubude obufika kuma-60 cm.
Insikazi yalolu hlobo izalela amaqanda ama-3 kuya kwangama-5, okuthi kuwo izinsuku ezingama-24 kuya kwezi-26 ibambe amachwane amancanyana abilayo, anombala onsomi. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi, ngangokunokwenzeka, usiza “owakwakhe”.
Ngokuqondene nemenyu yama-goose amnyama - zingama-imifino aqinile.
Uthi bewazi?I-goose yasendle ingabhekwa kufanelekile njengemodeli yokuthembeka. Izinyoni azinamuntu futhi azikhapheli umlingani wazo, ngisho noma esefile. Uma omunye walaba "abashadikazi" efa ngokuzumayo, owesibili ulila futhi uchithe impilo yakhe yonke eyedwa.
Ukuzingela le nyoni kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zohlobo olunemibala Goose
I-Goose iyi -fowfowl enezifiso ezakhiwe kahle. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyibamba ngisho nasemhlabeni. Le nyoni incane futhi iyashesha, ehlanganisa umsebenzi wanoma yimuphi umzingeli. Ukuze kube lula, goose zasendle nezinyoni zahlukaniswa zaba izinhlobo eziningana ngokwendawo yazo yokuphila nendlela yazo yokuphila.
- ihansi esifubeni esimhlophe,
- okubhalwe phansi obomvana,
- Goose waseCanada,
- ihansi yasendle emnyama
- ihansi lesifuba esikhulu,
- I-Hawaiian goose.
I-Branta goose (rufibrenta ruficollis) iyinyoni enzima, inezimpawu zayo nomlingiswa onobuqili.
I-subspecies ngayinye ihlukaniswa yizici zayo zangaphandle, ezincike ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwezinyoni noma imvelo. Amapheya abantu abadala empeleni awashintshi ekwakhiweni kwamanzi echibini noma emfuleni. I-Goose yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ingahluka ngobukhulu bomzimba noma ngosayizi wezingxenye zomzimba ngamunye. Ama-feese anjalo ahlala kuphela emazweni afudumele anesimo sezulu sezulu sezwekazi. Goose ezifuywe ngamanani amancane emhlabeni wonke.
Ngabe lezi zinhlobo zithanda ukuhlala kuphi? I-Goose yomndeni we-goose ayitholakali ezindaweni ezisehlathini noma ezindaweni ezinenombolo encane yezindawo zokugcina ezivulekile. Umhlambi ungahlala ngisho naseduzane namachibi. Uma kunesilinganiso esanele sokuluhlaza esiseduze nedamu, indawo enjalo izoba yikhaya lomhlambi unomphela. I-goose yaseHawaii noma yaseCanada ihlala ezwekazini elilodwa ngisho nangemva kokufuduka ibuyela endaweni yayo yokuhlala. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-goose goose ne-Canada Canada?
Okudingayo
Ngaphansi kweCanada Goose nezinye izingxenyana ezikhona zidla kakhulu ezitshalweni. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo yi-plantain, i-bukharnik, i-fescue, i-sedge, kanye nezinye utshani obunempilo. Ezinye izinhlobo, hhayi zaseCanada kuphela, ezidla izitshalo. Ukudla kwakhe kwesinye isikhathi kufaka ummbila kanye nokusanhlamvu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kumlutha, i-goose ayilimazi isivuno somuntu.
Iyini imidlalo yemishado nokulingisa
Izinsikazi zamaCanada aseCanada zizalela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kufika isikhathi esifudumele nomhlambi ufuduka. Izinyoni zihlala zihlala ezindaweni lapho kusungulwa khona isimo sezulu esifudumele. Kepha imidlalo yokuqomisana iqala maphakathi nentwasahlobo, kuthi ebusuku ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kube nokushisa okumbalwa. Amakhaza awavimbi ama-goose ekufuneni ngenkani abalingani bokuzalela.
Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuthandana, echibini, kuvela konke. Inyosi yaseCanada igoba intamo yayo bese izwakalisa ukuzimisela ukushada. Indima enkulu idlalwa ngummeleli oqinile womhlambi, osusa bonke abanye abantu. Uma insikazi ithande i-goose, nayo igoba intamo yayo bese iwela emanzini, emva kwalokho ukwanda kokuzala kwenzeka, okungahlali isikhathi eside. Umuntu waseCanada ukhwela insikazi, ilume ikhanda lakhe, emva kwalokho kuqala ukuya ocansini.Ngesikhathi sokugcina, umuntu waseCanada umemeza kakhulu futhi ushaye amaphiko akhe.
Izici ezijwayelekile nezinhlobo zama-goose amnyama (goose)
Ukulima i-goose ukulima kuyibhizinisi elihle elinenzuzo. Amahansi anenkukhu nenhlonipho kakhulu futhi ehloniphayo enenani elikhulu. Inyama namaqanda we-Goose kuyisibiliboco sangempela, futhi phansi kwaso kubhekwa kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi.
Kulesi sici, akumangazi ukuthi abalimi be-goose banemininingwane eminingi ebalulekile ngalolu hlobo futhi bavame ukutolika amahansi njengezinyoni ezifuywayo kuphela. Kepha ungakhohlwa iqiniso lokuthi imvelo ihlinzeka ngohlu lwama-mosaese ahlanganisiwe aziwa kahle emibuthanweni yokuzingela. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amahansi.
Ama-goose asendle alezi zinhlobo angenye abamele kakhulu ezihlotsheni zawo. Bahamba, ngokuziqhenya bephakamisa ikhanda labo elimnyama, beqhathaniswa neziqeshana ezimhlophe qhwa ezihlathini nengxenye yomphimbo. Izimpaphe ezimhlophe ziyisihlangu esithembekile nezingxenye ezintekenteke kakhulu zomzimba we-goose: isisu esingezansi kanye nokufakwa ngaphansi.
Izihloko ezingaphezulu zesisu, isifuba nezinhlangothi zeCanada Goose zidwetshwe ngemibala engwevu engwevu nokhokholethi, ehambisana ngamagagasi. I-wavy efanayo, kepha inombala onsundu omnyama, emakwe nezimpiko zezinyoni zaseCanada.
Ngokuqondene nezinsiba zomsila, zigcwalisa umbala wekhanda nentamo - zihlukile ngomthunzi omnyama ocebile. Uma ubheka leli qiniso, umuntu angasho ukuthi ihansi laseCanada limnyama ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni, kepha lokhu akulungile.
Amathoyizi aseCanada akhanga ngokukhethekile: ayizigaxa ezincanyana zombala ophuzi othambile.
Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi wokuphila walezi zinhlobo zamvelo zasendle, zihlala eduze namachibi, imishayo, lapho zizizwa zimnandi emhlabeni nasemanzini.
Funda futhi: Izakhiwo ezinempilo zokwelapha ezinama-Goose kanye ne-contraindication
Sincoma ukufunda: Incazelo ye-Belarus-082 mini-trekta. Izici zobuchwepheshe zemodeli. Ukuguqulwa kweMTZ-082 kanye nomehluko wabo. Izinkambu zesicelo kwezolimo.
Mayelana nokudla, singasho ukuthi la ma-goose ikakhulukazi ama-herbivores futhi adla okukhula endaweni enamamaki. Kepha, aziphikisi ekudleni izinhlanzi noma izinambuzane ezingaphezulu.
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni aluvamile, ngakho-ke zigadiwe ngokucophelela.
E-clutch yalolu hlobo kunamaqanda ama-9.
Izici zokuziphatha eziningana
I-Canada Canada Goose inezici ezithile ezihlukanisa kusukela kubamele ezinye izinhlobo zasendle:
- Amachwane weGoose azimele futhi kusukela ebuntwaneni aguqulwa ukuze aphile, ngoba asheshe akwazi ukuhamba emhlabathini futhi abhukuda.
- Ama-Canada goose abe nomlingiswa ozolile, akhombisa ubudlova kuphela ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuphelisa futhi aqaphe isidleke.
- Uma izinsikazi eziningana zibopha ngomhlambi ofanayo wamachwane, izidleke zazo zikude kakhulu.
- Ekudleni kwama-goose, imifino ihlala phambili, ngakho-ke ihlala eduze namachibi.
- Lapho indiza ebusika, izinyoni zihamba emhlambini owodwa omkhulu.
Izazi zezinzwa zithi owesilisa nowesifazane benza imisindo ehlukile. Zingahlukaniswa kalula uma uzwa ukuxhumana kwabantu baseCanada emhlabeni. Futhi, ukugqama kweseji yama-goose ukuthi indiza kubi kakhulu kunabamele abanye abamele amanzi. Kungakho kungcono ukuthi babhukude noma bahambe emhlabeni.
Incazelo Nezici
Bird Goose kufana kakhulu nemahansi. Ihluka ngosayizi omncane nombala ogqamile wezimpaphe. Izici zangaphandle zenza i-goose goose efana namadada. Ukufana akulona ngengozi: le nyoni ingeyomndeni wamadada we-oda yama-Anseriformes.
Umzimba wama-goose ngokwesilinganiso ufinyelela cishe ku-60 cm. Izinyoni zinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-8 kg. Kulula ukubona abesilisa ukuthi bakhulu kunabesifazane. Umbala ompunga omnyama nomhlophe ubizwa kakhulu ngopende wombala wezimpaphe zezinyoni. Umugqa wokukhanya ozungeze umphimbo ubhekwa njengesici sokuqala kunoma iyiphi i-goose, kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezimnyama okuvela kamuva, eminyakeni emi-2 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Intamo ye-goose imfushane kakhulu kunalendwetshwana. Amehlo amnyama, ahlukile kakhulu ngemuva kwesizinda esejwayelekile. Uqhwaku lincane kunesilinganiso futhi lumisiwe, ikhava laso limnyama, akunandaba ukuthi inyoni ingeyaluphi uhlobo. Owesilisa futhi unekhala nentamo ebekiwe kunokwesifazane. Imilenze yawo wonke ama-goose amnyama ngombala, isikhumba sawo sihle.
Brant esithombeni kuma-encyclopedia ngokuvamile kuvezwa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kweplamu yemibala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinyoni, futhi zonke zinokuhlukahluka kwesimo.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-goose emhlabeni:
- emhlophe-esihlathini
- mnyama
- Kuboshwe umphimbo obomvu
- Canadian
- omncane waseCanada
- IsiHawaii.
Bahlukile komunye nomunye ngesakhiwo somzimba, indawo yokusabalalisa, incazelo yokubukeka. Kodwa-ke, akunandaba ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinyoni, izinyoni azihambi zodwa futhi zihlala zihlangana emhlambini.
I-goose enesifuba esimhlophe
Ihluke kwezinye izihlobo ngombala womzimba. Ishubhu elingaphezulu limnyama kanti elingezansi limhlophe. Ukusuka kude, umehluko wesembozo esiphezulu uyakhanya, osiza ekuzimiseleni kwezinhlobo.
I-goose enesifuba esimhlophe ngokwesilinganiso, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili. Ikhanda likhulu kancane kune-goose emnyama. Ingxenye engezansi yomphimbo, i-muzzle, i-nape nebunzi kunenqwaba yemibala emhlophe.
Le nyoni ibhukuda futhi idonsa kahle, okwenza kube lula kuyo ukuthola ukudla. Hardy, angahamba amabanga amade. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amahansi agijima ngokushesha. Lokhu kungasindisa impilo yakhe, ngoba ngale ndlela ubalekela ingozi.
Amahansi anombala omhlophe ahlala ikakhulukazi emazweni aseScandinavia nasezindaweni ezisogwini lwesiqhingi saseGreenland. Benza izidleke kuphela ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, ezineziphepho eziphakemeyo, imigodi nemifantu.
Ijusi elimnyama
Yiba nokufana okuphawuleka kakhulu kumahansi. Kuphela banobukhulu obunesizotha. Isilwane singahlukaniswa yisembozo esimnyama somzimba, esivuthayo kakhulu ngaphakathi komzimba. Ikhala nezidladla nazo zimnyama.
Ijusi elimnyama uzizwa eqiniseka emanzini, kepha akakwazi ukuntywila. Ukuze uthole ukudla ngaphansi kwamanzi, uyaphenduka ngomzimba wakhe wonke, njengoba kwenza amadada. Njengabafowabo, amahansi anombala omhlophe, agijimisa yonke indawo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ezingamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa Bahlala emazweni ase-Arctic Ocean, nasogwini lwazo zonke izilwandle ezisendaweni ye-Arctic. Isidleke sendawo emnyama ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezigodini eziseduzane nemifula. Khetha izindawo ezinotshani obunotshani.
Canosean Canada
Omunye omkhulu phakathi kwezihlobo zabo. Isisindo singafinyelela amakhilogremu ayisikhombisa. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, zinamaphiko amangalisayo angafika cishe kumamitha amabili ububanzi. Umzimba uvame ukuba nenqwaba yemibala engwevu, ezimweni ezingavamile, amaphethini we-wavy wombala wesihlabathi esimnyama kungenzeka abe khona.
Umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu. Esimweni sezulu esigqamile ilanga, likhazimula nge-ebb elangeni. Canosean Canada wathanda amazwe asenyakatho Melika. Kuthunyelwe e-Alaska naseCanada, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane esiqhingini saseCanada seArctic.
Little Canada Goose
Ngokuvamile kudidaniswe ne-Canada Goose. Ungahlukanisa ngosayizi kanye nokuhluka okuncane kweplamu. Ubude bomzimba cishe ngamamitha ayi-0.7. Isisindo somzimba singafinyelela amakhilogremu amathathu kuphela. Ikhanda, umlomo, umphimbo, emuva kanye nemilenze imnyama. Kunezindawo ezimhlophe ngasemaphethelweni we-muzzle. Eduze komphimbo kukhona "ikhola" yensimbi ebomvana.
Ngokuphila, le nyoni ikhetha izimbaza, amahlathi e-tundra, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi ngohlobo lwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ebusika, ihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu nasezixhaphozini. I-Habitat njenge-Canada Goose. Zitholakala ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeSiberia. Ebusika, bafika emazweni aseningizimu ye-USA neMexico.
I-Hawaiian goose
Ubukhulu benyoni abukhulu kakhulu, ubude bomzimba bungamamitha angama-0.65, isisindo somzimba singamakhilogremu amabili. Umbala wepeni uvame ukuba mpunga futhi ube nsundu, unemigqa emhlophe nemhlophe grey ezinhlangothini zawo. Ama-muzzle, i-nape, ikhala, imilenze nengxenye ephezulu yomphimbo amnyama. Bondla kuphela ngemifino namajikijolo. Cishe akukho kudla okutholakala emanzini.
I-goose yaseHawaii itholakala kancane emvelweni, ikwazile ukuphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso ekuqothulweni. Le nyoni ihlala eziqhingini zaseHawaii naseMaui. Izidleke zeViet emithambekeni yezintaba-mlilo.
Ingagibela impilo yonke ibe ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukuphela kwezinhlobo ze-goose ezingadingi ukundiza ubusika. Ishintsha indawo yokuhlala yayo, kuphela ngenkathi yezinkathi ezomile, ihamba eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Amahansi afuna indawo yokuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi ezimfundeni eziseduze nemifula. IGeese, ehlala eduzane nolwandle nezilwandle, khetha ugu olusogwini olunomhlaba omanzi. Isiza esidlekayo sikhethwa yinkampani endala, unyaka ngamunye endaweni efanayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi inombolo esephakeji ingafinyelela abantu abayi-120. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezinjalo zivame ukwakhiwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa. Ngalesi sikhathi abakwazi ukundiza ukuzivikela engozini nasezitheni, bayaphoqelelwa ukuhlela amaqembu amakhulu. Umhlambi awuvami ukuxubana nabanye abamele imindeni yamadada nohlobo lwasekhaya.
Izinyoni kufanele zizenzele indawo ekhululekile nephephile ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukuzala izingane ezinhle. I-Nesting yenzeka ngenkathi yehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezitshalo eziningi ezinhle zokudla namanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza.
Lapho izinyoni zithola ukudla, ziyakhuluma, ngokugquma kwezulu ngezikhathi ezithile. IGogot ifana nokukhonkotha kwenja. Amahansi anezwi elikhulu kakhulu elizwakala ngisho nasebangeni elide kakhulu.
Izinyoni ziyasebenza emini. Yize i-goose ihlala emhlabeni, ichitha isikhathi esiningi endaweni esethulayo. Amahansi angachitha ubusuku bonke phezu kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlala ubusuku bomhlaba endaweni ababepake kuyo ukudla phakathi nosuku. Maphakathi nosuku, ngesikhathi sokudla, izinyoni zithanda ukuphumula futhi zibuyele emanzini aseduze.
Ingozi enkulu ye-goose ezilwaneni zasendle ivela izimpungushe ze-arctic. Bahlasela izidleke futhi bahudule namachwane amancane nabo. Kunezikhathi lapho izimpungushe ezingama-arctic zikwazi ukubamba khona izinyoni ezinkulu. I-goose igcinwa kumuntu okonile hhayi ngokundiza, kepha ngokubalekela. Amahansi angabagijimi abahle kakhulu, lokhu kuyabasindisa.
Omunye okonile kumawese ngumzingeli. Kuze kube muva nje, goose ayezingelwa engapheli. Ushone phansi kuphela ngemuva kokuthi isilwane siphakathi kwabasengozini. Manje Goose encwadini ebomvu ithatha esinye sezikhundla ezijabulisa kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zivame kakhulu kangangokuba ukuqothulwa kwazo ngokuphelele kungenzeka. IGeese ngokwayo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile lapho umuntu esondela.
Bangakwazi ukuzivala ngokwabo, abanye bayakuvumela ukuthi uthinte. Kepha kaningi kunalokho, zibaleka ngokushesha noma ziqale, nganoma yikuphi ukuguguleka okuvela ngaphandle, ukumemeza kakhulu nokumemeza kukhathazekile.
Imvamisa ukufuduka ekwindla sekwephuzile kuze kube yilapho kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala. Imilando izinyoni zenhlalo, futhi zihamba ngamaqembu amakhulu kuphela, kufaka phakathi izinyoni zawo wonke ubudala.
Ngenqubo yokundizela ezindaweni ezifudumele, bambelela ezindaweni ezisogwini, ugweme indlela emfishane eqondile. Noma kufanele uhambe ngendiza isikhathi eside, ungashintshi umzila wakho. Eduze nolwandle nemifula kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukudla nokuma eholidini, ngoba ihansi - ihansi, futhi uchithe ingxenye yokuphila kwakhe emanzini.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ubudala bokuba ngocansi kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3, 4 kusukela bezalwa. Okumhlopheihansi eza kuye e-biennium yakhe. Imindeni ihlelwe ezindaweni zokufuduka kobusika. Inkambiso yomshado yenzeka ngokuthokozela kakhulu, bakhonkotha kakhulu emanzini. Owesilisa, ukuze adonse ukunaka kowesifazane, uthola imiphumela ethile. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, baqala ukukhala kakhulu, belula izintamo zabo, befeketha umsila wabo futhi welulele amaphiko abo ububanzi.
Imibhangqwana imvamisa ihlala emithambekeni noma emadwaleni amatshe ukuze izivikele yona kanye nenzalo yayo ezilwaneni ezidla lubi nakwezinye izingozi. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukukhetha izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela nezivikelwe eduze kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Lokhu bakwenza ukuze bazivikele ngokwengeziwe kwizimpungushe ezingama-arctic, abesaba ama-peregron falcons namaqhubu amakhulu.
Izidleke ze-Goose zakhiwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola indawo yokuhlala. Zinobukhulu obungaba amasentimitha angama-20-25, kanye nokujula kwamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-9. I -est of goese ayisijwayelekile. Okokuqala bathola noma benza umgodi phansi emthambekeni. Ngemuva kwalokho amboza ngaphansi kwayo ngezimila ezomisiwe, ukhipha izingqimba zikakolweni nengqimba yamafluthi agxotshwe ngumama wakhe esiswini sakhe.
Ngokuvamile, ngokwesilinganiso, lapho kubekwa, inyoni inika amaqanda ayi-6. Inani elincane elinganikezwa yi-goose yowesifazane amaqanda ama-3, ubuningi buyi-9. Amaqanda we-Goose anombala we-beige, acishe awafakwanga.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-2326 ezilandelayo, ubamba amaqanda. Izinsikazi zihlala eduze ngaso sonke isikhathi, zivikele yena. Izinkukhu zibamba amaqanda, ngenkathi nje kokuncibilika kwezilwane ezindala. Uma goose abahlali esimweni semvelo, umjikelezo wokuphila ungaqala eminyakeni engama-19 kuye kwengama-26. Uzohlala ekudingisweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30- 35.
Umlingisi we-Goose kanye nendlela yokuphila
Imilando, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo, iyizinyoni zenhlalo futhi ikhetha ukuhlala emhlambini. Ngokubambisana, izinyoni zenza izindiza eziya ebusika izindawo eziphikisayo futhi okuphambene nalokho, zihlelwe ukuze zincibilikiswe futhi azihlangani nezinye izinhlobo zamarhanisi namadada. Abesilisa bavame ukuba moult phambilini kunabesifazane.
Isikhathi sokuhlanza amarhanisi siphawuleka ngokulahleka kwekhono lokundiza, ngakho-ke, ukuze zivikeleke kubantu abahlukahlukene abangafanele, izinyoni kufanele zihlangane ngamaqembu amakhulu. Izitha eziyinhloko zamarhanisi ngesikhathi sokudlela izidleke kungabazingeli nezimpungushe ezingama-arctic, ezichitha izidleke futhi zibambe amantshontsho nabantu abadala. Ezihlotsheni zayo, izinyoni zivame ukusindiswa ngokugijima, kodwa, kodwa, zisebenza kahle.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, izinyoni zihlala zigaywa, zikhulumisana. Izwi labo likhulu kakhulu futhi lizwakala kahle kusuka kude. Kubukeka njengokukhwehlela okuxakile noma ukukhonkotha kwenja. I-Red Goose, njengezinye izinhlobo, izidleke unyaka nonyaka ezindaweni ezifanayo lapho kubuthelwa khona amazwana angaba yikhulu ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuqapha Goose
Ukuzingela i-goose emnyama, ebomvu futhi enamabele amhlophe namuhla kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Izakhamuzi ezihlala endaweni yeRussian Federation, ngasikhathi sinye, zahlupheka kakhulu ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa ukuhlola kwe-oyili negesi.
Njengoba izinyoni zikhohliseka kalula nje, lokhu akuzange kubazuzise, futhi futhi base besondele ekuqothulweni ngenxa yokuqothulwa kweziningi ngabazingeli kanye nabazingeli. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, indlela elula yokubona Goose esithombeni noma vakashela enye yezindawo ezomelwa yilezi zinyoni.
Imvelo nokulondolozwa
Incwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia ukubuka okungavamile | |
Bheka Ulwazi Goose Goose kuwebhusayithi ye-IPEE RAS |
Encwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke, uGogo obomvu-unesifuba unesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele (isigaba EN) Lesi simo sabelwa ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sezinyoni engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20: eminyakeni engama-20 kuphela ukusuka maphakathi no-1950 kuya maphakathi no-1970s, kwehle kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50 kuye kwabangu-22-27 000 abantu abavuthiwe, okungukuthi, ngaphezu 40% Kuze kube manje, isizinzile ngandlela thile futhi ilinganiselwa ukuthi ingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-37 zabantu abavuthiwe.
Ezinye zezizathu ezibalulekile zokwehla kwenani lama-goose, anazo zombili isimilo semvelo ne-anthropogenic. Emithonjeni yaseRussia, esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kweNyakatho neRussia, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwamasimu ka-oyili negesi, ukuqina kokudoba, ukusetshenziswa kwamachweba asolwandle, izikebhe zezimoto neminye imishini.Imithombo ikhombisa ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokukhathazeka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 kwaba nomthelela omuhle enanini eliphelele lezinyoni. Okunye okubalulekile okuhambisana nobunjiniyela obukhulu bokubambisana kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha ezindaweni eziphambili zobusika nokuzijabulisa ngesikhathi sokufuduka, okwaholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu ezimfanelweni zezimfanelo zama-biotopes, futhi kwezinye izikhathi ukunyamalala kwawo. Lokhu kuphinde kwaqhutshwa ngokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwezindawo ezitshaliwe kusuka kolweni kuye kwezinye, inzuzo enkulu, okusanhlamvu namandla ezitshalo, kanye nokukhishwa komhlaba ekujikelezweni kwezolimo. Isikhathi eside, i-goose ezindizayo ihlushwa kakhulu ngabazingeli, ikakhulukazi inikezwe ukukholwa kwayo okukhulu maqondana nokuba khona komuntu uma kuqhathaniswa namarhanisi namadada amaningi. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukubanjwa kwamahansi ngokuqoqa ama-zoo, nakho kwathinta kabi usayizi wabantu bawo.
Izimbangela eziningi zokudangala azihlobene nomsebenzi wesintu noma lobu budlelwano buqondisiwe. Ukwehla kwenani labantu abalimele eminyakeni edlule kuthinte ukusebenza kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic, kunxenxa ukungabibikho kwabo ngenxa yezidleke zezinyoni, kufaka nezidleke zephansi elibomvu elibomvu. Ngomonakalo omkhulu ovela ezilwaneni ezinemilenze emine, ukwehla komhlaba wonke kwenamba yamaphaphu e-peregrine nawo ahlangane, eduze kwezidleke zamakhosi zivame ukuhlala lapho. Ngokuzayo, ukufudumala komhlaba jikelele kungathinta kakhulu izimo zokuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zasenyakatho: imodeli yamakhompyutha ikhombisa ukuncipha kwamaphesenti angama-67 endaweni ye-tundra ngonyaka ka-2070.
Ngaphezu kwebhuku elibomvu le-International Union for Conservation of Natural, iGoose Goose ivikelwe yizivumelwano eziningi zamazwe, ikakhulukazi, ifakiwe kwiSithasiselo II seCITES Convention (ukuvinjelwa kwezohwebo), iSithasiselo II seBonn Convention, Isithasiselo II seBerne Convention, Uhlu olubomvu lwaseYurophu. Encwadini ebomvu yaseRussia, ihansi inesimo sezinhlobo ezingandile (isigaba III). Ezinye zezindawo zokuzalela kwendabuko nezindawo zokuzijabulisa zitholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezindawo zokuvikela imvelo: i-Taimyr Nature Reserve, iPurinsky, Kunovatsky, i-Elizarovsky, i-Belozersky ne-Manych-Gudilo federal federal, kanye nenqwaba yezindawo ezibalulekile zendawo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Goose Goose
I-Branta ruficollis (Goose ebomvu-ebomvu) inyoni okuyi-Anseriformes ye-oda, i-Family Duck, i-genus goose. Ukulandelana kwama-Anseriformes, okungukuthi amahansi angawakhe, kusendulo kakhulu. Ama-Anseriformes okuqala ahlala umhlaba ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous noma ekuqaleni kwePaleocene yesikhathi seCenozoic.
Izinsalela zokuqala kakhulu ezitholakala eMelika, eNew Jersey zineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-50. Ubunikazi benyoni yasendulo ngokulandelana kwama-Anseriformes kwanqunywa isimo sephiko lenyoni. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni ze-anseriform emhlabeni wonke kuthiwa kwaqala kusuka kwelinye izwekazi eliseningizimu yomhlaba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni zaqala ukwakha izindawo ezintsha. Uhlobo lweBranta ruficollis lwaqala wachazwa ngusosayensi wemvelo waseJalimane uPeter Simon Pallas ngonyaka we-1769.
Uhlala kuphi uGogo obamba amabele?
Photo: Goose Goose eRussia
Indawo yama-goose ebomvu ebomvu ilinganiselwe. Izinyoni zihlala kuma-tundra ukusuka ePhalamende laseYamal kuya eKhatanga Bay nasePopigai River Valley. Inqwaba yezidleke zabantu eNhlonhlo iTaimyr futhi kuhlala imifula yase-Upper Taimyr nePyasan. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala engxenyeni encane yoMfula i-Yuribey eduze neLake Yaroto.
Njengazo zonke izinyoni ezifudukayo, amahansi abamba ubomvu aya ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika. Izinyoni zithanda ubusika ogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama kanye neDanube. Ngokubusika, izinyoni zindizela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ama-Ornithologists afunde ngisho nendlela yokufuduka kwalezi zinyoni. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zindiza phezu komgodi wase-Ural ezigodini zemifula eseduze, khona-ke izinyoni, zifika eKazakhstan, ziphendukela ngasentshonalanga, zindiza lapho, ngaphezu kwezitebhisi nezichithachithi, izindawo eziphansi zaseCaspian zindiza ziye e-Ukraine futhi zihlale ebusika ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama kanye naseDanube.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni ziyama ukuze ziphumule futhi zithole amandla. Umhlambi umisa ezinkulu eduze kwe-Arctic Circle ezindaweni zezikhukhula zase-Ob, enyakatho neKhanty-Mansiysk, esitebhisini nasezindaweni ezothile zaseTobol ezigodini zoMfula iMontch, eRostov naseStavropol. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinyoni, izinyoni zihlala e-tundra, ihlathi-i-tundra ezindaweni ezilahliwe. Impilo yonke, khetha izindawo ezinophahla oluseduze nedamu, ezingakwazi ukuhlala emadwaleni nasezigodini eziseduzane nemifula.
Manje uyazi ukuthi litholakala kuphi ihogo elibomvu elibomvu. Asibone ukuthi idlani le nyoni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Goose-webed Goose from the Red Book
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zezinyoni ezijwayelekile ezifudukayo. Ubusika bezinyoni zenzeka ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama naseDanube. Kakhulu eBulgaria naseRomania. Izinyoni ziyahamba ziyodla ubusika ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba, entwasahlobo zibuyela ezindaweni zazo ezidlekayo ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokungafani namarhanisi nezinye izinyoni, ama-goose ngesikhathi sokufuduka awindiza emhlambini omkhulu, kodwa ahamba ngamakholoni ukusuka ngamabili kuya kwayi-20. Izinyoni zindizela endaweni yezidleke ngamabili zakhiwa ngesikhathi sobusika. I-goose ebomvu enamathambo ithanda ukuhlala emabhange asezindongeni zezidumbu zamanzi, esitebhisini, ihlathi lesitebhisi, izigodi eziseduze nemifula. Lapho zifika, izinyoni ngokushesha ziqala ukuhlomisa izidleke zazo.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: I-Branta goose iyizinyoni ezihlakaniphe impela, zakha izidleke zazo eduze kwezidleke zezinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane ezinjenge-peregrine falcon, isikhova noma ipulandi.
Izinyoni zezinyamazane zivikela isidleke sazo ezilwaneni ezinhlobonhlobo ezidla izinyamazane (izimpungushe ezingama-arctic, izimpungushe, izimpisi nabanye), kanti isidleke sama-bukhali nawo asisafinyeleleki ezitheni. Umakhelwane onjalo ukuphela kwendlela yokukhulisa amachwane. Ngisho nokuhlala emithambekeni emaweni eyingozi futhi eyingozi, izidleke zamathole zihlala zisengozini, ngakho-ke izinyoni zizama ukungazibeki engcupheni futhi zithole umakhelwane omuhle.
Amahansi ayasebenza emini. Ebusuku, izinyoni ziphumula emanzini noma ezidlekeni. Izinyoni zithola ukudla kwazo eduze esidlekeni, noma eduzane nedamu. Emhlambini wezinyoni zinokuzijabulisa kakhulu. Isakhiwo senhlalo siyathuthukiswa, izinyoni zihlala endaweni yokudlela ngababili, kuthi ebusika ziqoqane ngemihlambi emincane. Ngokuvamile akukho zingxabano phakathi kwezinyoni.
Izinyoni ziqikelela kakhulu abantu, lapho umuntu efuna ukusondela esidlekeni, insikazi imngenisa ngaphakathi bese izama ukundiza ngokungabonakali. Ngasikhathi sinye, owesilisa uyamjoyina, umbhangqwana uyandiza uzungeze isidleke, futhi wenza umsindo omkhulu uzama ukuxosha umuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi amakati afunda ngendlela yomphangi noma ngomuntu ngaphambi kwesikhathi ayaziswa ngalokhu ngumphikisi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lapho abantu beba sengozini yokuqothulwa, lezi zinyoni zaqala ukugcinwa futhi zikhuliswe emikhayeni ehlukahlukene yezinkulisa nemvelo. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zizizwa zizinhle, zizalela ngempumelelo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Goose ebomvu ebomvu
Amahansi amabele anombala obomvu afinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka engu-3-4. Izinyoni zindizela ezindaweni ezidlekayo ngababili ababekade bakhekile, lapho zifika endaweni yokuhlala izidleke ngokushesha ziqala ukwakha izidleke. Isidleke sakhiwa ekujuleni kwelethaba, sigcwaliswa ngamashiba wezilimo zezinhlamvu futhi sigeziswa ungqimba lwe-fluff. Ubukhulu besidleke ngobubanzi bu malunga nama-20 cm, ukujula kwesidleke kuya ku-8 cm.
Ngaphambi kokuzalela, izinyoni ziba nemidlalo yokuhlobisa eyathandekayo, izinyoni zibhukuda isiyingi, zigcwalisa imilomo yazo emanzini, zenze imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokuzalela, owesilisa uthatha indawo yokumisa enamaphiko asakazekile abambe nowesifazane. Ngemuva kokuphola, izinyoni zithukulula imisila yazo, zelulele amaphiko azo ezinhlangothini futhi zelule izintamo zazo ezinde ezinamandla, ngenkathi zigcwaliswa ngengoma yazo emangalisayo.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amane kuya kwayi-9 wombala onsundu omhlophe. Ukufakwa kwamaqanda kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-25, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, kuyilapho iduna lihlala liseduze, livikele umndeni futhi lilethe nokudla kowesifazane. Amakati azalwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, lapho kuvela amachwane, abazali baqala ukuphathwa kabi, futhi nabazali balahlekelwa amandla okundiza isikhashana, ngakho-ke wonke umndeni uhlala emaphethelweni uzama ukufihla emathangeni otshani obukhulu.
Imvamisa amantshontsho avela kubazali abahlukene ahlangana, aphambukela emhlambini omkhulu okhinyayo omkhulu ogadwa yizinyoni ezindala. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izingane ziqala ukundiza kancane, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, izingane zindiza nezinye izinyoni lapho zibusika.
Izitha zemvelo zeGoose Ebomvu
Photo: Goose Goose phezu kwamanzi
Amahansi anombala obomvu anezitha ezimbalwa endle, futhi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezinamandla ezidla inyama, kunzima kakhulu ngalezi zilwane ezinesibindi.
Izitha zemvelo zalezi zinyoni yilezi:
Ama-Brant goose ayizinyoni ezincane kakhulu, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzivikela. Uma izinyoni ezindala zingagijima ngokushesha futhi ukundiza, izingane ngeke zikwazi ukuzivikela zodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezindala ngesikhathi sokuncibilika ziba sengozini enkulu, zilahlekelwe amandla okundiza. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinyoni, izinyoni zizama ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba ngaphansi kokudla kwesilwane esikhulu esinezilwane ezinomdlandla, okuthi, zivikele isidleke sazo, futhi zivikele nesibalo se-goose.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngenxa yamapheya awo aqhakazile, izinyoni azikwazi ukucasha kahle, imvamisa isidleke esinezintokazi esihlala phezu kwaso singabonakala kude, kepha akulula kangako. Imvamisa izinyoni zixwayiswa ngengozi esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kufike isitha, futhi zikwazi ukundiza zihambise futhi zithathe amawundlu ziye endaweni ephephile.
Kodwa-ke, isitha esikhulu sama-goose siseyindoda nemisebenzi yakhe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuzingela kwamahansi alezi zinhlobo akuvunyelwe, akekho onaka ukuthi bangaki abantu ababulawa abazingeli ngonyaka. Phambilini, lapho kuvunyelwa ukuzingela lezi zinyoni, ama-goose acishe aqothulwa ngokuphelele ngokuzingela wona. Enye into embi ukuthi kwakukhona ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezidlekelwa yizinyoni ngabantu. Ukukhiqizwa ezindaweni zokuzalela uwoyela negesi, ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo nezakhiwo.
Amagiya Goose-ebomvu
Photo: Goose-webed Goose from the Red Book
Imisebenzi yabantu ngasikhathi sinye icishe yabhubhisa inani lama-goose-red chest, futhi yasiza nokusindisa lezi zinyoni ekubhujisweni okuphelele. Ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kokuzingela, ukubamba nokuthengisa izinyoni kwethulwa, inani lezinhlobo laqala ukwanda kancane kancane. Kusukela ngo-1926, ama-ornithologists aqala ukuzalanisa lezi zinyoni ekudingisweni. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwavela ukukhulisa isizalo salezi zinyoni ezingathandeki enkulisa e-Trest, e-England. Inzalo yokuqala yezinyoni zalolu hlobo ezweni lethu yaqala ukutholakala eMoo Zoo ngo-1959. Namuhla, izinyoni zizalela ngempumelelo ezinkulisa nasezizwaneni zezilwane, emva kwalokho ama-ornithologists avumelana namachwane endle, awadedele ezindaweni zawo zemvelo.
Ezindaweni ezidlekayo zalezi zinyoni, kwakhiwa izindawo zemvelo nezindawo zokonga lapho izinyoni zingaphila khona ngokuthula zikhulise inzalo. Ezindaweni zobusika zezinyoni, izindawo zokuvikela imvelo nazo ziyahlelwa. Lonke inani lezinyoni lithathwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa, nobukhulu besibalo, izindlela zokufuduka, isimo sempilo yezinyoni ezindaweni zokudlela nobusika zilawulwa yi-ornithologists.
Ukuze silondoloze inyoni yezinyoni, sonke kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu ngemvelo futhi sizame ukungangcolisi imvelo. Ukwakha izindawo zokwelapha emafektri ukuze imfucumfucu yokukhiqiza ingangeni emanzini futhi ingangcolisi imvelo. Sebenzisa amanye amafutha. Zama ukuvuselela imfucuza futhi usebenzise kabusha. Lezi zinyathelo ngeke zisize ukubuyisela inani lama-goose, kodwa futhi zenze impilo ibe lula kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Goose Goose ngokumangalisayo inyoni enhle. Banobuhlakani impela, banezindlela zabo zokusinda endle, nokho, kunezici lapho ezinye izindlela zokuvikela zingenamandla njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuzingela nokufika kwabantu ezindaweni zemvelo zezinyoni. Abantu bayakwazi ukuvikela amahansi abomvu ibele, futhi babuyisele inani lalezi zinyoni, masikwenze ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.