Ngangihamba ngomgwaqo omkhulu uPamir ngisuka e-Osh ngiye eKhorog, ngihleli ngemuva kwemoto umthwalo ophahlwe yi-tarpaulin wokuphuma ngomkhumbi. Kulula kakhulu ukubheka izinyoni; akukho ukubuka okunjalo kusuka kubhokisi yeloli. Umgwaqo osempumalanga yePamirs uhamba ngethafa eliyintaba udlula emagqumeni amancane unqamula ezintabeni ezisezintabeni ezinemifudlana. Ukuphakama lapha kungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4. Ugwadule oluwugwadule luhlukaniswe yizintaba ezimi ebangeni, zikhuphuke ngaphezu kwalo ngamamitha ayinkulungwane.

Ezindaweni eziphakeme kangaka eziphakeme, kubonakala sengathi azikho izinyoni eziningi kangako. Kodwa-ke, ngosuku lokuqala lohambo ngidlula ePamirs esempumalanga, ngabala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili. Imvamisa, kutholakala amalogo anezimpondo. AbakwaKirghiz bababiza ngokuthi “kara-kash”, okusho ukuthi “izimpondo ezimnyama”: izimpaphe ezimbili ezimnyama ezinwebeni zikhula ezinhlangothini zekhanda lezi zinyoni ezincane. I-lark enezimpondo ihlala hhayi kuphela ezinkangala ezintabeni eziphakeme, kodwa futhi nase-tundra yase-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Izinyoni ezinjengeqhwa ezinamakhaza ngaphansi kwezintaba zeqhwa, izinyoni ezimnyama nezimhlophe ziyaqhekeka phezulu kuwo wonke umgwaqo. Umhlambi wezingulube ezinamadwala wandiza ngokushesha okukhulu, ama-jackpaw amnyama aqhuma ngezwi elizwelayo, kwathi lapho kuhlangana inyoka yaseMongolia, inqindi elincane elingahlali ezinkanjeni, kodwa enkangala eyintaba. Zonke lezi zinyoni, njenge-dipper, i-redstart, i-redstart kanye ne-red-beled red, i-heater yasehlane, zazijwayela kimi. Bengifisa ukuhlangana nezinyoni ezingandile kakhulu ezihlala kuphela ePamirs - ijuba elinamabele amhlophe ne-saj yaseTibetan.

Tibetan sajah usayizi wejuba, kodwa hhayi njengaye, i-saj inomsila omude kakhulu onjengentambo nendiza ebukekayo ehlukile njengejuba ekuhambeni kwamaphiko ebukhali. Ekhanda, esifubeni nasemuva kunephethini elincane elimnyama le-wavy, phansi kumhlophe, iziphetho zamaphiko zimnyama.

Sazi okuncane kakhulu nge-sajah yaseTibetan. Ngisho nokuhlangana nje nale nyoni kuyinto ethakazelisa isayensi. Bambalwa ochwepheshe be-ornithologists abakubonile, futhi munye kuphela umuntu okwazile ukuthola isidleke esinamakhaza - usosayensi waseTajik u-Islom Abdusalyamov. Omunye we-ornithologists uthe ama-sajas aseTibetan adla kakhulu imbewu yezitshalo ze-alpine. Izinyoni ziphuza kakhulu, zona zindizela emgodini wokunisela amashumi amakhilomitha. Ziletha amanzi amantshontsho azo ngemilomo yazo. I-USSR Red Book enenombolo ye-Tibetan sajas ithi kanjalo: "Ababili abambalwa."

Ngaphezu kweTibetan, ezweni lethu kukhona i-saj ejwayelekile, noma inselo. Ihlala emathafeni awugwadule aseKazakhstan. Lokhu bakubiza ngokuthi ngethusi ngoba izinzwane zale nyoni zikhule ndawonye zakha umcamelo onzima, njengeseza. Kuma-paws anjalo, kulula ukuthi inyoni igijime esihlabathini esishisayo sentethe. I-saet yaseTibetan ihlala ogwadule oluphakeme, lapha umhlaba awushisi ngisho nangezinsuku zasehlobo ezishisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-paws awo ajwayelekile, aneminwe.

I-Pamir eseMpumalanga iyingqayizivele futhi inamandla, ibonakala ngokoma, imisebe emikhulu yelanga, imimoya enamandla, isikhathi esifudumele esifudumele, amazinga aphansi okushisa kanye ne-amplitude enkulu ngokungajwayelekile yamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke: kungashisa elangeni phakathi nosuku futhi kubanda kakhulu ebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda komoya-mpilo kuzwakala kahle kulezi zindawo eziphakeme kakhulu, ngoba endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-5000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ingcindezi yasemkhathini isisigamu nje esijwayelekile (380 mmHg, nesilinganiso esiyi-760 mm).

Ngokwemvelo, izidalwa zezinyoni zimpofu. Kodwa-ke, iPamir akuyona indawo ewugwadule engaphili; endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayisi-5 nayi-6, izinyoni azihlali nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezidleke, futhi zizalela amaphuphu azo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ubumpofu bezilwane ezinamaphiko buchazwe ngokuntuleka kokudla. Ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-4, ayitholakali kuphela izitshalo zesitshalo, kepha nezitshalo eziningi eziphakeme. I-"Rock pet zoocenoses", imiphakathi ekhethekile yezilwane ezincane zangaphakathi, nazo ziyachuma lapha. Bondla izinzipho ezahlukahlukene, amabhulashi nezigcawu eziningi. On mosses nokwehlukana amajakethi imikhaza nemisipha, ama-lithobiid, ahlala ngezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ngakho-ke izinyoni zinokudla okwenele. Ngicabanga ukuthi esinye sezizathu eziphambili zobuphofu bezilwane zezinyoni zezintaba eziphakeme singabizwa ngokuthi yimimoya enamandla. Kepha izinyoni ziyavumelana nezimo ezeqile. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi iPamir Finches, redstart, curls nokunye okudlula okuncane esidlekeni ngaphansi kwetshe ngaphansi kwamatshe ekujuleni okukhulu, lapho kungekho khona ukomisa nomoya opholile. Ngehlobo elifushane, isikhathi sokuzalela izinyoni zasePamiriia futhi sifinyeziwe, kukhona kuphela ama-broods, futhi isibalo samaqanda ku-clutch siyancipha. Isigaxa esinezimpondo, ngokwesibonelo, esiGodini sase-Alai, esiseduzane, kepha amamitha ayinkulungwane aphansi, sibekela amaqanda angama-5-6 umuntu ngamunye, nasePamirs esempumalanga - amaqanda ayi-2-3 kuphela. Ososayensi babuye bathola lapha izidleke zale nyoni ngeqanda elilodwa. Noma kukudla, kungaba nzima ukuthi inyoni bondle amaphuphu ama-5-6 emoyeni onamandla.

Nginethemba lokubona i-saju yaseTibetan, ngashayela yonke indawo ngePamir Highway, kodwa angizange ngihlangane nale nyoni engavamile. Enye inhlanhla enkulu kwaba nozakwethu uR. L. Potapov, owayesebenze isikhathi eside ePamirs. Nakhu ukuthi uwuchaza kanjani lo mhlangano: "Ekuqaleni, izinyoni ezimbalwa ezingajwayelekile zindiza eduze, zenza imisindo ekhethekile engingakaze ngiyizwe. Futhi indiza yabo, eyayinamaphiko ajulile, ebukhali, yayingajwayelekile. Le bekungama-Tibetan sajs. Lapho sengiyibonile le nyoni, bekuvele kungenakwenzeka ukuyididiyela nenye. Ngemuva kwesikhashana ngathola umhlambi wonke we-sajas.Kwakukhona ayishumi nanhlanu kuwo. Bangiphuthuma bangishiya ngeplanethi, bememeza bememeza bethi: “Uwaa. Uh-vw. "Ngabe sengikuqonda lapho kwaqhamuka khona igama lale nyoni - uvak. Bangibeka endaweni engamamitha angamashumi amabili, baqala ukuhlangana futhi, ngendiza eyodwa nesigamu samamitha, baqala ukuphana futhi. Ukufika, amasaka afake umugqa owodwa ahamba kancane. ukondla ohambweni.

Ngabuka izinyoni, ngabalandela ihora. Ukukhohlisa kwabo, yize bekuwubuphukuphuku, kwakumangalisa, kanti-ke isizathu sokuxoshwa okusheshayo kwe-saj ePamirs kwangicacela kakhulu. "

Abantu bendawo abakaze bazingele ama-sajas aseTibetan, lezi zinyoni ziwele ngaphansi kokudutshulwa kokuhambela abantu - abashayeli nababambiqhaza ekuhambeni okuhlukahlukene. Manje ukudubula i-saji ku-Tajik SSR akuvunyelwe.

LIFESTYLE

ISaji ihlala e-Afrika, e-Asia kanye nezindawo ezithile eziseningizimu yeYurophu. Iningi lalezi zinyoni lihlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu.

ITibetan, noma intaba, u-sajah uhlala endaweni ebanda kakhulu, eduze komngcele wezinyoka zaphakade, ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3 000 kuya kwayi-6,000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi igogo elinomzimba omhlophe lihlala ezigungwini ezimanzi. Onke ama-sajas ahlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela kwawo, ngokunganciphisi ukudla futhi azivumelanise kalula, ngakho-ke asinda ezimeni ezingamukeleki kwezinye izilwane. Ama-Ripples andiza ngokushesha okukhulu.

Lezi zinyoni zidla futhi zilale emihlambini emikhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku, noma kunjalo, amachilo kaLiechtenstein, ahlala eMpumalanga Afrika, alala phakathi nokushisa okukhulu kwemini. Ngaphambi kokulala, amaSaji angcwatshwa emhlabathini opholile. I-Saji izinyoni ezinakekela kakhulu. Bona, banamathela emhlabathini, ngenxa yombala wabo ovikelayo bangabonakali ngokuphelele.

Ukusikisela

Isikhathi sokuthandana nokuhlangana kwe-grouse siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bagijima emilenzeni eqondile, bagoqe ngokushintshana, bese besakaza izimpaphe zomsila, bese begxuma baye kumamitha ayi-2.

Ngenkambiso yokuzalelisa, abesilisa nabo bakhala ngemuva kwezinsikazi noma ijuba lihambahamba ngakubo. Zonke izidleke zama-grouse phansi. Babheka izinto zokwakha ezifanele ezizungeze ngamatshe amatshe. Izidleke zalezi zinyoni zitholakala obala, kuphela kwezinye izimo zifihlwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla somhlonyane noma okusanhlamvu. Zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-21-31, zombili lezi zinyoni zifaka i-clutch. Ntambama, owesilisa uletha ukudla kowesifazane. Amakati avela embozwe yi-fluff futhi cishe ngokushesha aqala ukufuna ukudla. Abazali abagcini nje ngokuphuza amachwane ngamanzi avela emilonyeni yabo, kodwa futhi baletha namanzi nensada yesisu.

IZIPHUMA ZESIHLOKO SAMAHHALA

Izinyoni ezindala: ngenxa yombala ovikelayo we-plumage (kusuka ku-beige elula kuya nsundu), izinyoni zicishe zingabonakali. Abesilisa emapulini aminyene esisisu ayakwazi ukuthwala amanzi amaningi.

Ukuthwala: liqukethe amaqanda angama-4 abomvu, ansundu anombala obomvu, afakwe insikazi nowesilisa.

- I-Habitat ye-grouse

LAPHO UKUPHILA

Ama-Ripples ajwayelekile eningizimu yeFrance naseSpain, e-Asia enomngcele oseningizimu India kanye nasenyakatho neMongolia naseGobi Desert, iningi le-Afrika, kufaka phakathi nesiqhingi saseMadagascar.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Njengoba i-grouse ihlala ezindaweni ezingathandeki kakhulu, akuvamile kubantu. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane azisongelwanga ukuqothulwa.

Izimpawu Zangaphandle zeTibetan Saji

Ukubonakala kwale nyoni kufana ne-hazel enamabala amnyama. Entanyeni emfushane kunekhanda elincane elinemifudlana emnyama. Ngemuva engemuva kunamabala anesihlabathi, amabala angafakwanga athambekele kuwo ahlakazeka kuwo. Ama-Streaks futhi amboza i-goiter yowesilisa.

I-saji ngayinye ngayinye inephethini ngalinye. Izimpaphe zombala we-ocher zimboza intamo nezihlathi zenyoni. Umzimba ophansi umhlophe, akukho ndawo emnyama esiswini.

UTibetan Saja (Syrrhaptes tibetanus).

I-plumage emilenzeni yehlela kuwo kanye ama-paws. Izimpiko zibanzi, zikhombe. Umsila uhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe zomsila eziphuma ngokuqinile ngaphesheya kwamaphiko e-saj ehlezi phansi. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zimnyama nsundu. Uqhwaku olukhulu olimpunga ngombala onsomi, olunamachashaza amnyama namdaka emilebeni yalo.

Kwabesifazane, iphethini eguqukayo yathuthukiswa ngokuqinile, esihlathini nasentanjeni kunezimpaphe ezingaphansi kwe-ocher. Izinyoni ezincane ezinombala we-plumage zifana nezinsikazi ezindala.

Ukukhala kukaSjiji kufana nezwi likagogo ojwayelekile. Kucishe kuzwakale ukuthi “uva, uva” noma “kaga-kaga”. Izinyoni zixhumana nezimpawu ezizwakalayo ngenkathi indiza, nazo zixwayisana ngengozi lapho zihlala phansi. Lapho kuvela izitha, abesilisa babika ngokukhala okungasho lutho, okukhala ngamakhala okuthi “a…” bese behlela phansi emhlabathini, bese bendizela endaweni ephephile. Owesifazane ngezikhathi zobungozi uqala ukushaya ngezwi eliphikisayo: "ka-ka-ka." Amachwane eSaji enza imisindo efana nokudlana kwemidlwane.

Ukusakazeka kweTibetan Saj

Indawo yokuhlala yaseTibetan Saji ayinakubanzi kangako. Ifinyelela ezintabeni zaseSino-Tibetan empumalanga, kuze kube seNanshan nasemigodini yeLake Kukunor enyakatho, kuze kufike eKarakorum, eHimalayas, eLadak nasePumalanga Pamirs eningizimu. Izidleke zezinyoni emgodini wamachibi iShorkul, iKarakul, iRangkul, kanye nasezigodini zase-Aksu, Akbaital, Tuzdzhilcha.

Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, indiza iyafana nejuba noma amakhekhe.

Itholakala empumalanga yeSouth Alichur Range kanye naseLake Salangur. Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo inciphile kakhulu. USaja ushiye izigodi zemifula iMurghab, Aksu, Jamantal, Akbaital. Ngesinye isikhathi zitholakala ngaphansi kwezindawo zeZaalaysky ne-Sarykolsky.

Indawo yokuhlala yaseTibetan Saji

USaja uhlala phakathi kwamathafa aphakathi nendawo. Kutholakala emaphethelweni amachibi amachibi nemifudlana, kugcwele amachibi angavamile omhlonyane, ama-teresken kanye namanye amakhambi, minyaka yonke nangonyaka. Idla emithambekeni emincane yezintaba namathafa asicaba, ekwindla ikhuphuka ifinyelela emameleni aluhlaza. Ebusika, linamathela ezigodini ezimbozwe ngamatshe amakhulu amatshe. Imvamisa, izindawo ezinjalo azinamanzi, ngakho-ke izinyoni zindizela endaweni yokunisela nsuku zonke.

Lapho sebubonile ubungozi, umhlambi uqala ukujaha, bese indiza ungayi kude futhi ngokushesha ifike.

Lapho kukhona amanzi ancibilikayo, aqeda ukoma ngamanzi eqhwa ngisho neqhwa. Kulokhu, ama-sajas akudingeki ukuba andize aye kude eyofuna amanzi. Futhi ebusika, ukuze kudakwe, izinyoni zenza amabanga amade. Ezintabeni, iSaja inyukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-5700 eTibet, ngasechibini i-Kukunor ihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ebusika, izinyoni zihlala emithambekeni yezintaba, idlula, yehlela ezigodini, ivele eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Shiya izingosi ezidlekayo ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini.

Ukuhamba KweTibetan Saj

Ukunyakaza kwentwasahlobo nokwindla kwe-saji akuqondakali kahle. Imvamisa imihlambi emincane yabantu abayi-3-12 indiza ngokuphazamiseka kwesikhashana, ukufuduka okunjalo kwezinyoni kuyaphawulwa emachibini aseKarakul naseYashilkul. Ezindizeni, izinyoni ziziphatha ngokucophelela. ISaja indiza ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu futhi ukuba khona kwezinyoni kungabonakala kuphela ngokukhala kwezinhlamvu. Mhlawumbe ngokuqala kobusika, izinyoni zishiya isifunda saseTibet ngenxa yezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Isikhathi sasebusika se-hajj senzeka emabhodleleni ezigodi, emithambekeni emnene ngenani elanele lokudla.

ITibetan Saji inemilenze emifushane, kodwa ihamba kalula nangokushesha emhlabathini.

Izici zokuziphatha kweTibetan Saji

Izinyoni ziziphatha kahle; lapho zihamba, ziyaxhumana ngokukhwaza. Indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Zivuka ekuphumeni kwelanga, ngezinsuku ezicacile zondla emigodini yezigodi noma emithambekeni yezintaba emnene. Bakha imihlambi emincane lapho izinyoni zihlangana khona ngokuzondla ngeketanga noma ngababili abahlukene.

Zithanda ukugeza ngothuli ezindaweni ezivezwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Kulokhu, ukuncelisa kwenzeka ntambama. Isikhathi esimnyama sosuku sichithwa emhlabathini, sicashe emahlahleni omhlonyane nakuma-teresken. Ehlobo, uziphatha ngokwethemba umaqondana nomuntu, bangamyeka asondele.

Izinhlobo ze-Nesting sedentary, zenza ukufuduka okuncane nje kwasendaweni.

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo baziphatha ngokungasebenzi, qaphela ukusondela kubantu. Ihlaselwe ukuvela kokhozi lwegolide, ama-hajs ashesha isikhathi eside, ekhipha ukukhalipha okukhona. Futhi lapho sebeqaphele i-falcon, bayacasha futhi bacindezele ngokucophelela emhlabathini, behlangana nombala wenhlabathi.

Ukudla kweTibetan Saj

Ukudla okuphambili kwe-saji izitshalo ze-alpine meadows zomndeni we-legume. Izinyoni zidla amahlumela, imbewu, imbewu yezithelo, amaqabunga, ama-astragalus efihlekile. Ehlobo lidla izitho zezitshalo zezitshalo. Ebusika, isisekelo sokudla okunempilo ubhontshisi onembewu. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, amagatsha ayadla. Lapho befuna ukudla, balandela imihlambi ye-Arigali, edonsa iqhwa ngezinselo zabo, ikhipha imfoloko. Kulokhu, izitshalo zitholakala ngokudla izinyoni.

UTibetan Saji uhlala ezinhlelweni zezintaba zaseTibet nasePamirs.

Isimo sokuqapha kweTibetan Saj

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-saju yaseTibetan ingabhekwa njengenyoni yokuthengisa ngenxa yenani layo elincane. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo ngeledlule zibeka izingibe kwizinyoni futhi ngesinye isikhathi zazidubula izinyoni ezingavamile ngenkathi zizingela ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi izinhlobo zinciphe kakhulu izinombolo kungukudla emadamini, ukuzingela, nobusika obunzima. I-Tibetan sajah ifundelwa kancane. Buka okusohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu. Endaweni yamachibi iKarakul neRangkul kukhona izindawo zokugcina ezingamaRepublic. Kungenzeka ukuzalanisa i-saji eyisithunjwa.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Izici ezijwayelekile nezimpawu zensimu

Ubukhulu bejuba, ngokubukeka lifana ne-hazel enamabala amnyama. Ikhanda lincane, intamo imfushane, umzimba awugqinsi, hhayi njenge-saj ejwayelekile. Izimpiko zibukhali, zibanzi. Umsila onendawo ephakathi nendawo ebheke phezulu, ukhombisa ngokungaphezulu kwamaphethelo amaphiko enyoni ehleli phansi. Lapho indiza, ifana ne-hazel enamabala amnyama, yize ihamba kancane: ukugoba kwamaphiko kubukhali, kujule. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, indiza iyafana nejuba noma amakhekhe. Kuthatha kahle ngomsindo, njengephalishi elimpunga noma ijuba. Imilenze imfushane, kepha ukuhamba emhlabathini kulula futhi kushesha. Lapho sebubonile ubungozi, umhlambi uqala ukujaha, bese indiza ungayi kude futhi ngokushesha ifike. Umbala ophakathi nesiqalo unesihlabathi esinamabavi angavamile. Esiduneni, inhloko nekhanda kufakwa ngemoto emnyama, intamo yangaphambili, izinhlangothi zayo nezihlakala. Ngaphansi kumhlophe, akukho ndawo emnyama esiswini. Amaphayi afakwe ezincwabeni. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokukhanya okujwayelekile, izimpaphe ezimnyama zinsundu zimnyama ngokwahluka. Owesifazane osekhulile uhlukaniswa ngokukhula okukhulu kwephethini eguqukayo, engafiki kancane ezihlathini nasentanjeni. Umbala wenyoni encane ufana nowesifazane.

Izwi linomsindo omkhulu futhi liyinqaba, alibukeki njengokukhala okumnene kwe-saji ejwayelekile futhi kunalokho lifana nokukhala kwabanye abashayeli behazel.Kuzwakala ngathi jerky, rude "uva, uva", "av - va" noma "uak, uak", kwabanye kuzwakala ngokuthi "kgha - kgha-kara" nge "kaga - kaga - kaga". Bazishicilela bobabili ngokundiza kanye nasemhlabathini bekhathazekile. Amadoda abesilisa asengozini aqala ukuhamba ngezinyawo, akhulume ngamakhala, abe jerky "a. ", Bese kuthi okufanayo, kepha amathoni ahlukene, imisindo indizela kwenye indawo, eyenza ukungaboni ngaso linye, okukhumbuza ukushaya kwama-swans ezindizayo. Owesifazane, lapho ekhathazekile, izithunzi ezishubile "ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ra!" Izwi lezingane ezinamachaphaza phansi lifana ne-squeak yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa (Dementyev, 1951a, Potapov, 1966, 1970, Abdusalyamov, 1971, Kozlova, 1975).

Incazelo

Umbala. Ewesilisa, ingaphezulu lekhanda nentamo kumhlophe ngemivimbo emincane, emnyama edlulayo. Ingubo iyiphuzi-buffy elinemigqa emincane ye-wavy, nakuma-webs angaphakathi ehlombe - elinamabala amakhulu amnyama. Ngemuva nangemuva emuva kunombala ophuzi noma omphuzi omhlophe ngephethini eshintshashintshisayo emnyama. Izinhlangothi zekhanda, ngaphambili nezinhlangothi zentamo zigobile. Ijogo nesifuba kumhlophe ngombala omhlophe, omhlophe ngombala ophuzi, ohlanganiswe notshani obomvana, omfishane wehlela ezansi. Ngemuva kwesifuba ngimpunga emsulwa. Okusele phansi kumhlophe, okugcotshwe kungaphansi kukasesifubeni kanye nemivimbo emnyama isendlalelo esimhlophe. Iphiko linzelela ngemichilo emomotheka futhi engekho mhlophe ngokulingene, i-axillary brown-brown. Izimpukane eziyinhloko zingumbala onsundu, emigqeni yangaphakathi yezimpaphe zakhona kukhona indawo ekhanyayo enombala okhanyayo. I-sandering-sandy-red nephethini emnyama eshintshashintshayo nomngcele omhlophe we-apex, ophakathi - okumhlophe-oku-buffy okunama-grey blurry mottles kanye ne-apex emnyama ekhombe empunga. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-variegations ngemuva kuncike ekushintshashintsheni komuntu ngamunye. UBill unezimpondo ezimpunga, izimpondo zinsundu. Uthingo lu nsundu.

Kwowesifazane osekhulile, iphethini eguqukayo iyakhiwa kakhulu, etholakala engxenyeni engezansi yesifuba nangasohlangothini olungaphezulu. Umbala we-buffy esihlathini nasentanyeni awukhuli kancane. Amancane asembathweni esidlekayo afana nezinsikazi, kodwa ukuqina kwawo okudlulile kubukhali, futhi imigqa ekhanyayo yangaphakathi ithululelwa yilowo nalowo ongaphansi kwendiza.

Izingubo zokulala. Ingaphezulu linsundu elikhanyayo, elinombala obomvu obomvu, emuva kunemivimbo emincane emincane emincane, izinhlangothi, amaphiko kanye nangaphezulu kwekhanda elinamabala amhlophe. Ukusuka ohlangothini lomlomo uya ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kusukela emakhaleni kuya esweni nasekhoneni lomlomo ngaphansi kweso kuya esifundeni sendlebe, kudlula imivimbo emhlophe emincane. Phansi kunombala onsundu, i-chin nama-paws zibomvu (Potapov, 1966).

Ukwakheka nobukhulu

Kephiko lokuqala le-11, i-distal iyi-rudimentary, iphiko phezulu lakhiwa iphiko lesibili lephiko, elingakhonjwanga, njengakwi-saj ejwayelekile. Ifomula ye-Wing: II-III-IV-V-VI-VII-VIII-IX-X-XI-I. Ama-flywheel we-third-degree ayakhuphuka futhi akhonjwe. I-Steering 16, ephakathi iphakamile futhi ikhomba. Ingalo ifakwe ngaphambili nangemuva. Awukho umunwe wasemuva, iminwe yangaphambili imfushane kakhulu, ayifakwanga futhi ifakwe izihlakala, engxenyeni engaphansi yeminwe minwe, amabhulukwe angabizi. Emadodeni, ubude bephiko buyi-245-22 mm (isilinganiso (n = 10) 257), umsila ngu-196-230 (isilinganiso (n = 9) 214), kuthi kwabesifazane ubude bephiko bube ngu-245-255 mm (isilinganiso (n = 4) 250), umsila 171-205 (isilinganiso (n = 5) 186), ubunzima bezinyoni 380-400 g, isilinganiso (n = 10) 395.

Umdwebo 7 Izimpaphe zokuqala zamaphiko zokuqala ezingama-sajas (ngemuva: kuka-Ivanov et al., 1953)
a - saj ezejwayelekile (iSyrrhaptes paradoxus), b - IsiTibetan saj (S. titetanus)

Umdwebo 9 Ama-Paws (ngo: Ivanov et al., 1953)
a - saj ejwayelekile, b - I-Tibetan saj

I-Molting

Kubantu abadala, i-molt ephelele kanye ngonyaka. Ukushintshwa kwe-flyworm eyinhloko kuqala nge-proximal futhi kuphetha ngezimpaphe zangaphakathi. Akukho sikhathi esibekiwe esibekiwe; kungenzeka ukuthi uqala ukubuyisela esikhundleni sazo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. NgoJulayi 25, i-flywheel ye-11 - 7 yayiyinto entsha kowesifazane, i-VI yawa, V - ngangimdala. Abesilisa bangesikhathi sika-Agasti 18 babene-III, IV, V, kanye nezinsikazi i-III, V, ne-VI ezazinezimpukane ezindala; izimpukane zesibili zazicishe zibe zintsha; izimpaphe zomsila nezimpaphe ezingafani nazo zikhule emzimbeni wonke. Ngo-Okthoba, molt uyaphela.

Ama-tickers aguqula izingubo zawo ezimnandi zibe yintsha, okuthi ekwindla yokuqala kuthathwe kuphela umuntu omdala. Izinyoni ezindizayo aziqedi futhi zihlale kuze kube unyaka olandelayo.

Indlela yokuphila.

Abakhileyo ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Inyoni ehleliwe noma enukayo. Ayijwayelekile. Ihlala ogwadule olunezintaba ezinhle, eduze kwezigodi zemifula enamabala abunjiwe. Amakoloni awakheki, ngesikhathi esingazalwanga kugcinwa emihlambini. I-Clutch ngoMeyi, iqukethe amaqanda ama-3. Izwi lizwakala njengejerky "ha-ha. ka-ha. "Noma bathi" wack-wack-kaga. " Akunakile. I-Biology ayifundwanga.

Ihluka nge-hajj kanye ne-hazel enamabala amnyama yisisu esimhlophe, kusuka ku-hazel enamabala amhlophe ngesifuba esimpunga ngephethini emnyama ye-wavy nomphimbo okhanyayo (ngokwemvelo, awenzeki ngaluphi uhlobo lwe-hazel).

Ukusatshalaliswa

Ububanzi be-Nesting. ITibet, iKunlun, inyakatho eNanshan kanye nomgodi weLake. Kukunor, mhlawumbe empumalanga kuya ezintabeni zaseSino-Tibetan, eningizimu kuya eHimalayas, eLadak, eKarakorum nasePumalanga Pamir.

Umdwebo we-12. Indawo yaseTibetan Saji eNyakatho Asia
indawo - izidleke

ENyakatho ye-Asia, kudlalelwa kuphela ePairs E-Eastern - emigodini yeKarakul, Shorkul, echibini laseRangkul, ezigodini zase-Akbaital, Aksu, Tuzdzhilcha, empumalanga esemaphethelweni weSouth Alichur Range nasendaweni yeLake. ISalangur. Umngcele osentshonalanga ugudla umugqa weLenin Peak - Ichibi. I-Yashilkul - ngamunye. Koytezek - Per. IMatz, enyakatho - mhlawumbe eduze ne-Alai ridge, empumalanga - eduzane neKashgar ridge, naseningizimu - egudla iVakhan.

Le ndawo iye yancipha eminyakeni yamuva: inyamalale ngokuphelele ezigodini zemifula i-Aksu, Murgab, Akbaital, Jamantal, manje akusisesigodini esikhulu seLake. I-Rangkul. Zigcinwa kuphela ezansi kwe-Sarykol ne-Zaalaysky range (Abdusalyamov, 1977).

Habitat

Ihlala emathafeni abanzi aphakathi nendawo, kwesinye isikhathi igudluzwa yizigaxa zokunwebeka kanye nemikhondo yasendulo, eniselwa yimifudlana emincane, noma ogwini lwamachibi asezindongeni zobumba, i-tayechny noma ugwadule lobumba olunamabala amatshe ambozwe ngamabhushi angavamile enhlwathi, umhlonyane kanye nomhlonyane. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, futhi inamathela emathafeni acwebile nemithambeka yezintaba emnene, ikhuphuka ekuweni okungxenyeni engezansi yendawo ye-alpine. Ebusika, idla ngezigaba zezigodi ezinezimbotshana ezinkulu nezindala ezindala. Indawo efanelekile iyagwenywa ngokusobala.

Njengoba ihlala izigodi eziningi ezingenamanzi namagquma anamafu, ivakashela izindawo zokunisela nsuku zonke, futhi ehlobo, lapho ukuhamba kwamanzi okugobhoza ezigodini eziningi, izindiza ezinjalo zingasho lutho, futhi ngenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika nasentwasahlobo, izindiza ziqhelelene, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni zithutheleka eduze nemithombo yamanzi. Uma kuneqhwa, aqeda ukoma ngokuwudla, bese endiza angayi ndawo.

Ukuphakama, kutholakala ezindaweni ezilele ku-3600-4500 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ulwandle, eTibet lukhuphuka futhi luphezulu, lufika kuma-5700 m, yize echibini. Kukunor futhi uhlala kumamitha ayi-3,200 (Potapov, 1966, Ivanov, 1969).