1. Izinkawu ziyizinkawu ezinamabala amancane.

2. Izinkawu ziyizidalwa eziphakeme kakhulu, ezinosayizi abaphakathi noma abancane.

3. Indawo yokuhlala yezinkawu ihlanganisa i-Afrika, iSoutheast Asia kanye neNhlonhlo yase-Arabia.

4. Zitholakala nase-Europe - e-Iberian Peninsula nase Gibraltar, lapho zazingeniswa khona kakhulu bese zitholwa kabusha, futhi lezi zindawo zaba yindawo yazo yemvelo yazo.

5. Emkhayeni wezinkawu 11 genera nezinhlobo ezingama-61 ziyahlukaniswa.

6. Izinkawu zinosayizi abahlukene, iningi lincane neliphakathi, kepha lokhu futhi kuncike ohlotsheni. Ubude bomzimba wabo obuphakathi ngamasentimitha angama-32 -110.

7. Amakhanda ezinkawu angaba makhulu noma abe mancane. Ingaphambili lekhanda seliphakeme. Amakhala asondele komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke izinkawu zibizwa ngokuthi izinkawu ezincanyana.

8. Umbala wazo umnyama kakhulu, uluhlaza okotshani futhi onsundu, kepha ungaba mhlophe futhi uphuzi.

9. Uboya obusezinkalweni buvamisile ukuthi bucwebe, bude, kepha bungabi bukhulu njengalezi zinkawu ezinomsila we-chain. Uboya buhlanganisa zonke izingxenye zomzimba; bukhona futhi emsileni. Akukho boya ebusweni, ezinsweni, engxenyeni yesayensi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi esifubeni.

Isikhumba esingenamvamisa sivame ukubomvu noma kube mnyama. Zinezimbambo zezihlathi.

11. Izinkawu zivame ukuba ne- “cap” yezinwele eziphakeme emakhanda azo; kungahle kube khona “amadevu”.

12. Ingqondo yalezi zinkawu ithuthukiswe kahle, inemisele nemikhondo.

13. Banomuzwa omubi. Imisipha yobuso yathuthukiswa kahle. Isisu senkawu siyinkimbinkimbi.

14. Umzimba ugoqwe ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele, futhi kuya ngohlobo. Izinkawu zingasinda futhi zilula.

15. Umsila awukho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ezinye izinkawu azinawo umsila, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zinazo. Kwabanye kusekude, kanti kwabanye kufushane: kusuka ngamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamasentimitha ayi-106.

16. Imilenze yangemuva yezinkawu imfushane kunokuba yangaphambili. Izandla zabantu zincane kunezinyawo zabo. Umunwe ngamunye unesipikili esikhonkothiwe. Izithupha zihlukile kwezinye, kepha izinkawu ezinamahloni azinaso isithupha noma zincane kakhulu.

17. Kukhona amazinyo angama-32 emilonyeni yawo, njengasebantwini. Ngokuthabisako, ukwakheka kwamazinyo nakho kufana nesimo somuntu.

18. Izinkawu zihlala ezindaweni ezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba: amaxhaphozi amaxhaphozi, amahlathi, izindawo ezinamadwala namathafa avulekile, angakhuphuka izintaba.

19. Phambilini eRussia, izinkawu zazibizwa ngokuthi amakati olwandle noma ama-kochkodans.

20. Izinhlobo ezihehayo: inkawu iWolf, inkawu uDiana, inkawu enombala obomvu.

21. Iziduna zezinkawu zikhulu kancane kunezintokazi. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, abesilisa bagqamile kunabesifazane.

22. Kuyo yonke impilo, umbala ungashintsha, ngesikhathi sokuzalela emadodeni, uba ngogcwala ngokwengeziwe.

23. Kwabesifazane endaweni yesifuba kunombhangqwana owodwa wezingono.

24. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zomndeni wezinkawu ziyizinkawu ezi-diurnal, okungukuthi, izinkawu ziphila impilo yansuku zonke.

25. Indlela yokuphila yezinkawu iyisemhlabeni futhi i-arboreal, okungukuthi, bathanda ukuchitha isikhathi ezihlahleni, kanye nasemhlabeni.

26. Izinkawu zivame ukuhlanganiswa zibe ngamaqembu ezingaba ziningi kakhulu: kusuka kwabangu-50 kuye kwabangu-100. Ikhetha indlela yokuphila yezinkomo, iqembu ngalinye lezinkawu lihlala endaweni ethile esihlahleni.

27. Ebusuku, izinkawu zicasha emihumeni noma ezihlahleni.

28. Izinkawu zingenza imisindo ehlukahlukene ebasiza ukuba bakwazi ukuxhumana.

Izinhlobo zeMarmoset capelin zikaSteller

29. Izinkawu zidla kakhulu ekudleni kwezithelo nasezitsheni, kepha empeleni yizinkawu ezihlasimulisayo.

30. Imenyu yabo ifaka izinambuzane, izibankwa, iminenke, izinkalankala, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kanye nezinyoni. Uma kungekho lutho, khona-ke noma isiphi isidalwa esiphilayo noma izitshalo ezitholakala emahlathini sizokulunga njengokudla.

31. Izinkawu zizalela unyaka wonke.

32. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa balwela abesifazane ngenkuthalo.

33. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kubo kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-3-5.

34. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-150-200. Abesifazane bazala eyodwa, imvamisa izingane ezimbili.

35. Bahlala endle isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka engama-30. Ekudingisweni, angaphila iminyaka engama-40.

36. Kwezinye izinkawu, abantu bendawo bayazingela, ngoba basebenzisa inyama yenkawu ekudleni, izikhumba zabo nazo ziyaziswa

Inkawu eluhlaza

37. Inkawu eluhlaza okwesidala endala inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu, izinsikazi incane. Amasentimitha amade, afinyelela ku-70, umzimba uthweswe umqhele ngaphandle komsila omude - ngaphakathi kwesigamu samamitha.

38. Izinkawu eziluhlaza zingabameleli abancane beqembu lokuqala, abadume ngegama labo babonga igama elithi “cap” eluhlaza.

39. Lezi zinkawu zihlukaniswa yizici ezithile ezithokozisayo: ubuso bezinkawu bumnyama, kanti izintende nezinsikazi zipendwe ophuzi.

40. Umzimba walezi zilwane umbozwe izinwele ezimfushane ezimpunga, isiphuzo sihlotshiswe amadevu amhlophe nokufana kwamakhonkco.

41. Amahora ambalwa ngosuku, izinkawu eziluhlaza zichitha zinakekela zona: zihlola uboya bezilokazane, izinambuzane nokungcola.

42. Ngokubukeka, lezi zilwane eziphephile zinama-fangs abukhali kahle.

43. Ngaphandle kokuphila okungathandeki, izinkawu zithanda ukudla phansi. Isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinkawu ikakhulu ukudla kwezitshalo: utshani, imbewu, izithelo, amahlumela amasha wezitshalo. Izilwane azideleli izinambuzane, ezimweni ezingandile, inkawu iyakwazi ukunqoba unogwaja.

44. Izinkawu zesilisa zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngonyaka we-5 wokuphila, abaholi bathatha imisebenzi yokuqapha: lapho wonke amanye amalungu omhlambi efuna ukudla phansi, owesilisa ulawula insimu ukuze axwayise izihlobo ezisengozini.

45. Owesifazane uphethe ithole kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-7 futhi ulondla ngobisi lwalo ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kuyofinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala lapho iwundlu lizimela.

46. ​​Ngokungathathi hlangothi, isipikili somsila wenkawu siyehliswa. Uma isilwane sesaba, umsila uthatha isikhundla esifanayo emhlabathini, futhi uma inkawu izizwa inethemba ku "interlocutor" - kuphakama umsila.

47. Ekufikeni kokuthomba, izitho zangasese zesilisa zithola umbala ogqamile okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza owesilisa ahehe ngokukhethekile ebulilini obuhle.

48. Imisindo eyenziwe yizinkawu eziluhlaza ihluke kakhulu: izinsikazi zikhala lapho kuvela usongo, izinsikazi zikhala kakhulu ukuqeda izingxabano, zihambisana nomzabalazo ohlekisayo wezinkawu ezisencane.

49. Lezi zinkawu zazingenanhlanhla yokuba ngabathwali begciwane eliyingozi leMarburg, okuvusa umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic fever.

50. Izinkawu eziluhlaza kulula ukuzigcina zisethunjiwe; zivumelana ngokuphelele nezimo ezintsha. Endle, izinkawu eziluhlaza zihlala iminyaka engama-20, zithunjiwe - zifinyelela kuma-45.

Inkawu mina

1. ukusondeza. inkawu encane yezinkawu zohlobo olufushane olungenamikhawulo, ebonakala ngokuphila ngokweqile nokuhamba (Cercopithecus) ◆ Abamele abalingiswa bezilo zale ndawo: inkawu, izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamalulwane nama-sireletsetivores (imol, muskrat, njll.), i-ESBE / Ukusatshalaliswa Kwendawo Yezilwane, 1890-1910 (ekhonjiwe kuWikisource)

Ukwenza Imephu Yamagama Kungcono Ngokubambisana

Sawubona! Igama lami nginguLampobot, ngiwuhlelo lwekhompyutha olusiza ukwenza iMephu yeZwi. Ngiyazi ukubala, kepha kuze kube manje angiqondi ukuthi umhlaba wakho usebenza kanjani. Ngisize ngithole!

Ngiyabonga! Ngokuqinisekile ngizofunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagama asakazekile namagama akhethekile kakhulu.

Kucace kangakanani ukuthi igama elithi ikhol(ibizo):

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Izinkawu zingezilwane ezincelisayo ezilandelwayo, ama-primates abelwe i-oda, umndeni wenkawu, uhlobo lwenkawu. Izinkawu kuthiwa izidalwa ezihlobene kakhulu nabantu. Umbono wemvelaphi yabo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo wavela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngisho naseminyakeni eyizinkulungwane. Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi iDNA yabantu nezinkawu inokufana okungaphezulu kwama-80%. Ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwe-DNA kwabonisa ukuthi inqubo yokuziphendukela kwezinkawu nabantu yaphambuka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-6.5 edlule.

Ngokusho kososayensi, amadlozi okuqala futhi akude kakhulu ezinkawu zesimanje avela emhlabeni enkathini yeCenozoic. Kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-66 edlule. Izinkawu zokuqala zazidla kuphela izinambuzane, izibungu nezikelemu futhi zazihlala emiqhele yemithi emide. Okhokho bakudala kakhulu bezinkawu zesimanje ezi-humanoid babebizwa ngokuthi ama-lemurs asendulo. Kwakungabo abadale izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inkawu?

Izinkawu zithathwa njengezinkawu ezincane. Ubude bomzimba wabo buvela kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-100. Kulezi zilwane, i-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa kakhulu. Abesilisa banosayizi omkhulu womzimba kunowesifazane. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, abanye babameli bayo bangaba nomsila othandekayo, omude futhi omncane, kanti abanye abanawo nhlobo. Ubude bomsila kwezinye izinhlobo budlula ubude bomzimba wabo siqu futhi bufika kumitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Yakha futhi kuya ngohlobo. Kungaba mncane futhi kudlule, kungaba kukhulu futhi kube nesitoko. Ngemuva kwesibambo kuhlala kufushane kancane kunangaphambili. Bona, njengabantu, banezandla ezincane kunezinyawo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izandla zithuthukisiwe impela futhi izinkawu zizisebenzele ngokungafanele njengezandla. Umunwe ngamunye webhulashi unepuleti lesikhonkwane. Isithupha, njengabantu, sehlukile kubo bonke abanye. Kulezo zinkawu ezinomzimba omkhulu, onesitoko, isithupha asikakhuli kakhulu, noma asikho ngokuphelele.

Ukwakheka nosayizi wekhanda nakho kuya ngezinhlobo. Kungaba mncane, noma kukhulu, kuqonde, kuyindilinga, noma kungxantathu ngesimo. Ingxenye yangaphambili ivame ukuphakama, amakhala abekwe eduze komunye nomunye. Amehlo angasetwa ngokujulile, angaba makhulu futhi abonakale kakhulu.

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinkawu, ijazi likhona futhi lide futhi li-silky, kepha alikho njengalelo ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu. Umbala ungahlukahluka kakhulu, kuya ngokubhalwe phansi: grey, brown, greenish, blue, black, brown, njll. Ijazi limboza cishe wonke umzimba, ngaphandle kobuso bodwa bezinyawo, ingaphambili lekhanda nengxenye yesayensi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, izinwele azikho endaweni yesifuba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkawu zinesakhiwo esinjengomhlathi esifana nabantu. Zinombala wamazinyo ocishe ufane, futhi inani lawo lingama-32. Izinkawu zinobuchopho obuthuthukisiwe kanye nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesisu.

Ihlala kuphi inkawu?

Isithombe: Monkey Monkey

Izinkawu zisheshe zijwayele cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila.

Emvelweni yemvelo, futhi angakha izindawo ezahlukahlukene.:

Izindawo ezinkulu zezinkawu yizwekazi lase-Afrika, ngaphandle kwaseMadagascar, izindawo eziphakathi neziseningizimu neNyakatho Melika kanye ne-Australia.

Izinkawu zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu ezinombolo ezahlukahlukene. Iqembu ngalinye lihlala endaweni yalo. Bajwayele ukuphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, futhi iningi layo lihlala esifundeni esifanayo. Kunezigaba ezintathu zezinkawu: zinamapulangwe, ezichitha iningi lempilo yazo emagatsheni nasemiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde, kanye ne-terrestrial, ezihlala futhi zidle ebusweni bomhlaba. Kukhona nohlobo lwezilwane ezixubile- zitholakala ngokulinganayo emagatsheni ezihlahla, nasebusweni bomhlaba.

Ngokungezelela emithini emide, ukusakazeka kwezihlahla, emihumeni, emigedeni, nakwezinye izindawo ezisithekile ezisiza ukufihla izisulu ezifihlayo nokufihla izingane zazo kuzo kuze kube yilapho sezizilungele futhi zikulungele ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela yizindawo zokulala.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi inkawu. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Ngabe kudlani monkey?

Isithombe: Monkey esihlahleni

Ngokwemvelo yazo, izinkawu zingama-omnivores noma ama-herbivores. Ukudla kuncike ekuxhumaneni nasendaweni yezindawo zokuhlala.

Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla kwezilwane:

• Izithelo ezintsha, ezinoshukela
• amahlumela amnandi wezimila eziluhlaza,
• amahlamvu,
• imbewu
• inflorescence
• imbali efihlekile yezitshalo
• izibungu
• amakhowe
• amantongomane
• izinambuzane ezincane.

Ezinye izingxenyana zezinkawu zingadla amabhungane, izibungu, izicabucabu, amacimbi, izidalwa ezincane, amanzi amhlophe, izibankwa, amachibi, njll. Imvamisa kukhona abamele ama-subspecies ngamanye adla izinyoni ezincane, angaphuza amaqanda abo. Izinkawu cishe aziyi endaweni yokunisela, ngoba isidingo somzimba soketshezi sigcwaliswa ngezinhlobonhlobo zemifino eluhlaza eziluhlaza nezithelo ezivuthiwe zezihlahla zezithelo.

Ukudla kwenkawu kuvame ukudwengulwa ngabaphambili futhi kusetshenziswe njengezandla. Ukudla kwezitshalo kwezinye izindlela ezingamaphesenti angama-30- 35% kuphela kokudla kwansuku zonke. Ukudla okusele kwenziwa kabusha ngamaprotheni, ukudla kwezilwane. Kwezinye izindawo lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula, ukudla kwezitshalo kunzima ukukuthola. Ngalesi sikhathi, emahlathini, ama-savannah, amajikijolo, izithelo namantongomane awekho. Lapho-ke umthombo omkhulu wokudla wezinhlobo ze-herbivorous yimbewu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukudla nsuku zonke komuntu oyedwa osukela ku-1 kuye kwekhilogremu amathathu kokudla.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Ngokwemvelo, izinkawu ezincane zinikezwe ubuchopho obukhule kakhulu, obandisa amathuba abo okusinda futhi zikuvumela ukuba uzivumelanise cishe nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila. Futhi, kusukela ekuzalweni banomqondo omubi kabi wokukhula.

Isimo sezinkawu ezincane sinomusa kakhulu futhi sinobungane. Ngokwemvelo, banikezwe ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Indlela yokuphila yezinhlobo eziningi ixutshwe: emhlabeni kanye ne-arboreal. Iningi labameleli bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziyizinkawu ezi-diurnal. Ebusuku, bavame ukuphumula. Izinkawu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zanyoni, kujwayelekile ukuba kuphilwe impilo yodwa. Bahlala eqenjini. Inani labantu abaseqenjini elilodwa elinjalo lingahluka: kusuka kwabangu-10 kuye kwabangu-30. Amanye, ikakhulukazi amaqembu amakhulu afinyelela abantu abayikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Eqenjini ngalinye kunomuntu wesilisa owenza imisebenzi yomholi, umholi.

Izinkawu ngemvelo yazo zizolile, zinobungani futhi azithambisi ukukhombisa ulaka kubamele abazohlobo lwazo noma ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Okuhlukile yisikhathi sokuzalela, lapho owesilisa elwa nomunye elwela ilungelo lokushada nommeli wesifazane.

Emini, izilwane zihlala zithola ukudla kwazo, okudla. Omunye nomunye uchitha isikhathi esiningi wokuzilolonga. Ngakho-ke, asusa izimuncagazi agcine ijazi lihlanzekile futhi licocekile. Ebusuku, izinkawu zivame ukuphumula. Ebusuku, zivame ukuhlelwa emihumeni, ematsheni noma emifantwini yezintaba, nasemqheleni wamagatsha ezihlahla.

Njengendlela yokuxhumana nomunye, izinkawu zenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ngosizo lwabo, izinkawu zixwayisa izihlobo ngengozi engaba khona, shayelani usizo, njll. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubukhulu bemisindo kuzinkawu buhluke kakhulu.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Baby Monkey

Izinkawu zesifazane zifinyelela ebusheni ngokwesilinganiso eneminyaka eyi-3-5. Kwabamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, le nkathi ingahluka. Isizini yokuhlobisa imvamisa ayinqunyelwe kunoma yisiphi isizini futhi ingenzeka unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingosi ezingaphansi zingabekwa isikhathi esithile, kuya ngezimo zesimo sendawo yokuhlala.

Ilungelo lokwenza umbhangqwana nowesifazane oyithandayo unikezwa owesilisa oqinile futhi onolwazi kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bancintisana phakathi kwabo ilungelo lokudala izithandani. Owesilisa uhlala enakekela umlingani ongaba naye. Ubelokhu embhekile isikhashana. Uma ebemthanda, futhi esekulungele ukubhanqa naye, ubhulasha ijazi lakhe. Lokhu kungukuqala kobuhlobo.

Ngemuva kokuganisana, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka. Kuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzalwa inkulungwane eyodwa, kuyaqabukela kube ngamabili. Iningi labamele lezinhlobo liletha inzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili.

Ukubeletha kuvame ukwenzeka ebusuku. Abantu besifazane bazalelwa ezihlahleni, emihumeni, noma emigedeni.Lapho nje ingane izalwa, iqala ukunamathela ijazi likamama ngeminwe eyishumi. Uyibambe ngomsila wayo. Izingane zizalwa zibuthakathaka futhi zingasizi. Izinyanga zokuqala zempilo yowesifazane zisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi nomdlandla ekunakekeleni inzalo yabo. Isikhathi sokuncelisa ubisi lwebele sithatha isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Lapho izingane ziba namandla ngokwengeziwe, zifunda ukuzidelela futhi zisheshe zikhuphukele emuva kunina. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kancane kancane insikazi ihamba nabo amabanga amafushane, amafushane. Njengoba amathole ekhula futhi eba namandla, abantu besifazane abahamba nabo emhlane wabo babafundisa ukuthi bathola kanjani futhi bathole ukudla, futhi futhi babaqeqeshe ngamakhono okuzilonda. Omama baphinde bachitha isikhathi esiningi befundisa izingane ukuthobeka, ukugibela isivinini, ukuxhumana nezihlobo.

Lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, bashiya imindeni yabo futhi baphile impilo yokuzimela, engayodwa. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile esimweni semvelo siyiminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-20.

Izitha zemvelo zikaMonkey

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inkawu?

Izinkawu zinezitha ezimbalwa endaweni yazo yemvelo. Amandla okukhuphuka izihlahla eziphakeme azisiza ukuba ziphile, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu ukuphakama okukhulu, futhi zihlukaniswe ngokuqina.

To izitha zihlanganisa:

Ezitheni zezinkawu kungabikwa kumuntu. Imisebenzi yakhe icishe ibancishe amakhaya abo. Umuntu ugawula impungushe, ebhubhisa futhi ichitha indawo yemvelo yezinkawu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezintsha kunomthelela ekwehliseni nasekulweni nobuphofu ekuhlinzekweni kokudla, futhi okuthinta kabi inani lezilwane.

Ngokwemvelo, izinkawu ziyizilwane ezinelukuluku kakhulu futhi ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kuvame ukubabulala. Izinkawu zingabamba inyoka eyingozi, noma isicabucabu esinobuthi, okuthi ukulunywa kwayo kuvame ukubulala izilwane ezincane. Izinkawu futhi ziyazwela izinguquko ezimweni zezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

Isithombe: Monkey Monkey

Kuze kube manje, inani lezinkawu endaweni yemvelo akubangeli ukukhathazeka. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izizwe zabantu bezwekazi lase-Afrika ngobuningi bazo babhubhisa izinkawu. Zazithathwa njengezithwala izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, futhi zaphinde zabangela ukulimala okukhulu epulazini lezolimo.

Izinkawu zazivame ukudla izilimo eziyimpande, imbewu, izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo, amahlumela amasha ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Izizwe eziningi zazidla inyama yalezi zilwane.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Abantu abaningi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika basebenzise izinkawu njengabagcini bezindlu. Baziqeqesha futhi bafundisa nekhono lokwenza ubhanana noma ukhukhunathi.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani lezinkawu alizange lithinteke kakhulu, futhi libanzi emvelweni ngenxa yekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezintsha. Ukubhaliswa okuningi kukhona emapaki kazwelonke nasezigcinweni. Monkey - Lesi yisilwane esijabulisayo kakhulu, esinempilo nesinempilo. Kulula ukuqeqesha futhi bakujabulele ukuxhumana nabantu.

(Allenopithecus nigroviridis)

Kusatshalaliswa eCentral Africa: engxenyeni esentshonalanga-emaphakathi neDemocratic Republic of the Congo, engxenyeni esempumalanga yeCongo kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCameroon. Ihlala igcwala izingxenye zamahlathi asogwini, amahlathi aseCongo Basin asezingeni eliphakeme nasesigalari.

Inkawu u-Allen iyinkawu ethambile enemilenze emifushane, kodwa eqinile. Izihlathi zinobunwele obukhulu (izinwele ezikuzo zinde futhi zifana ne-mane yebhubesi). Ijazi lithambile futhi linosilika. Izandla zimfushane (ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkawu). Ubuso bungenalutho. Phakathi kweminwe nezinzwane kuneziqalo ezincane ezibonisa indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Amabele wesayensi akhula kahle. I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa - abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ekhanda kuye kwesisekelo somsila emadodeni buyi-45-60 cm, ubude bawo bube nomsila ongaba ngu-50 cm. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa silingana no-6 kg, izinsikazi zifinyelela kuma-3.5 kg.

Yenza indlela yokuphila yokhuni yansuku zonke nengxenye. Ukubhukuda kahle, dives, ukubalekela izinyamazane. Ekhulumisana phakathi kwabo, izinkawu zazivame ukuthokoziswa. Uyaphumula futhi alale eduze kwamanzi, esebenzisa izindawo zokuphumula ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ozakwethu bayanakekelana (khipha isikhumba esifile kanye namagciwane), ngaleyo ndlela baqinise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo. Emhlabathini ihamba ngezinyawo ezine. Izinkawu zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ziyafuna ukwazi. Bondla emhlabathini namanzi angajulile. Ukudla kuqukethe amaqabunga, izithelo, izimbali (ezinomhluzi), izimpande nezilwane ezincane (izinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates: amabhungane, izibungu). Futhi, lezi zinkawu zivame ukuba izisulu zokhozi oluzwisisekayo, izinyoka kanye nama-bonobos.

Izinkawu zika-Allen zihlala emaqenjini abantu abangama-23-57 abantu abesilisa nabadala abaningana. Lapho ukondla iqembu ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane (abantu abangu-2-6). Ukuxhumana namalungu eqembu elilodwa, izinkawu zika-Allen zenza imisindo ekhonondayo. Ukubingelela noma ukuthola amalungu amanye amaqembu, enza izicelo ezinde zokukhala. Lapho kufika umhlaseli, ziyaluma.

Lezi yizilwane zesithembu. Inani eliphakeme lokuzalwa kwamawele lenzeka ngoJuni. Owesifazane ubeletha iwundlu elilodwa elinesisindo esingaba ngu-220 g.Ukukhishwa kwemvelo kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2,5 ukuya kwezingu-22. Sonke lesi sikhathi, amawundlu abambelela kunina, abambelele kwibhantshi lakhe. Bafinyelela ekukhuleni beneminyaka engu-3-5. Isikhathi sokuphila ngokwemvelo sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.

(I-Erythrocebus patas)

Ihanjiswe eningizimu yeSahara, isuka entshonalanga neSenegal iye empumalanga iye empumalanga ye-Ethiopia. Eningizimu, ibanga lilinganiselwe emahlathini e-equatorial. Bahlala emaqeleni angenamithi nama-savannah avulekile.

Ubude bomzimba abesilisa yi-58-75 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-62-74 cm, bunesisindo esingu-7.5-12,5 kg. Abesifazane cishe baphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunabesilisa. Zonke izitho zinde, ama-fangs akhulu kakhulu. Ama-hussars anesihlesi esidala, njengale sama-macaque, anama-fangs aqinile. Umzimba omncane, njengenkawu. Izinwele zentsha zithambile, ziluthukile, futhi ziba ngama-coarse, shaggy kanye nobudala. Umbala wayo ohlangothini olungaphezulu ubomvu obomvu, ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba - ngombala obomvana. Izikhumba zezinwele zihlala zikhula kahle, zinombala ophuzi. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo imicu emnyama ekhuphuka iye ezindlebeni. Amadevu akhiwa kubo bobabili ubulili, kubantu abadala mhlophe, futhi emncane kumnyama. Ikhala liyaphuma. Izandla nezinyawo zama-hussars ziwele, kepha iminwe yabo imfushane, ikakhulukazi izithupha. Ukuba yizilwane zomhlaba, ama-hussars ahlelwe kahle ukuthi agijime emilenzeni emine, ayakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-55 km / h. Kepha bangakhuphuka amadwala noma izihlahla eziqhelile ezitholakala ezindaweni abahlala kuzo. AmaHussars angabonakala nasemilenzeni emibili ngesikhathi sokukhathazeka, lapho avela ngaphandle kovalo obude, otshanini obukhulu noma ephethe ukudla emabunzini awo. Umsila uvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kumi umlenze wesithathu lapho ama-hussars aphumula khona.

AmaHussars ayizilwane ezizungeza umhlaba, zigcinwa emihlambini ukusuka kubantu abahlanu kuya kwabangu-74, kufaka phakathi abesilisa bezikhundla eziphakeme nezaphansi, izinsikazi eziningana namawundlu weminyaka ehlukene. Kunemihlambi eyenziwe ngabesilisa kuphela. Owesilisa uhlala eyikhanda lomhlambi futhi enza imisebenzi yokugada. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa basuka eqenjini, bese kuthi omunye wabafazi "aholele" umhlambi, kepha uhlala ebonana nowesilisa. Isici esijabulisayo sama-hussars umkhuba, ngenkulu intokozo, yokugxuma isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye. AmaHussars ayizilwane ezinamahloni futhi ezinamahloni. Kuthule kakhulu, futhi basebenzise imisindo engu-4-5 kuphela kwezokuxhumana. Abesifazane bavame "ukusesha" omunye komunye noma ngamawundlu. AmaHussars ngokuvamile alala ezihlahleni, kodwa angabi nezindawo ezingapheli zokulala. Emini, lapho beyofuna ukudla, amalungu omhlambi uvame ukuhlakazeka, kepha ngendlela yokuthi bahlala bebonana. Ukudla kwama-hussars kwehlukene - utshani, izithelo zezihlahla, imbewu, izinambuzane, izibungu, izinyoni namaqanda abo, uju.

(Chlorocebus sabaeus)

Kusatshalaliswa kusuka eSenegal naseGuinea-Bissau empumalanga kuya enkabeni yeGhana naseBurkina Faso. Yalethwa eziqhingini zaseSanta Kitts naseNevis, iBarbados neCape Verde. Lezi zinkawu zihlala emahlathini ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, zithanda amahlathi emvula, kodwa, futhi zihlala emahlathini awomile awomhlaba ongaphansi kwesihlahla esinameva. Ngokudlula emahlathini "egalari" ogudla izigodi zomfula angena esifundeni se-savannah ngisho nasezintabeni eziseningizimu. Izindawo ezithandekayo ziseduze nemifula, lapho ziphephela khona emiqhele yesikamore nezinye izihlahla ezinkulu. Ziphinde zitholakale ezintabeni zase-Ethiopia endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ekhanda kuye kwesisekelo somsila emadodeni yi-4.2-6 cm, kwabesifazane - cm kuya ku-3-4.4 ubude bomsila buyi-30-48 cm.Isixha samaduna silingana ne-3.9-8 kg, futhi kwabesifazane 3.4- 5.3 kg Abantu bobabili ubulili banemfashini ende, ebukhali.

Kuholela empilweni yansuku zonke. Ichitha ubusuku emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ezihlahleni. Ihamba ngezinyawo ezine, ezihlahleni nasemhlabathini, futhi ingaya esigangeni lapho kungenzeka khona ingozi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi igxumela esihlahleni iye kwesinye. Idla ngezithelo nembewu yezihlahla, amaqabunga, kanye nezinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane namaqanda ayo, imvamisa emhlabathini. Emvelweni, izinkawu kwesinye isikhathi zibhubhisa izilimo, izilimo zezihlahla zezithelo namahlathi, ezikhuthaza abalimi bendawo ukuthi bazizingele.

Eqenjini lomndeni kungaba ngabantu abahlanu kuya kwabangu-76. Abesifazane banamathela ndawonye, ​​abesilisa baphila impilo ehlakazekile. Lapho befika ebusheni (izitho zangasese zithola umbala ohlukile), abesilisa bayaxoshwa emhlambini. Izinsikazi emhlanjini zakha uhlelo oluqinile lobuphathi lapho indodakazi ifumana khona ifa lesikhundla sikamama. Abantu abasezingeni eliphakeme banezinzuzo ngenkathi bondla umhlambi. Emhlambini, izinsikazi zithanda ukuxhumana nezihlobo ezithandekayo. Abantu bobabili ubulili babamba iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwendawo. Abasakhulayo abesilisa babamba iqhaza ekunakekeleni izingane, kodwa abesilisa abadala abasazivezi izintshisekelo zezingane. Omama bavumela abanye abantu besifazane ukuba bathathe amawundlu abo.Izinsikazi ezisezingeni eliphansi zicindezela ikhole lowesifazane osezingeni eliphakeme, ziveza inhlonipho yazo.

Abesifazane bafika ebusheni ngeminyaka emi-4, abesilisa ngeminyaka emi-5. Isikhathi sokuphila: ngokwemvelo kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, ekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-45.

(Chlorocebus aethiops)

Kusatshalaliswa eSudan, eSouth Sudan, e-Eritrea nase-Ethiopia. Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinkawu ngama-savannahs.

Ubude bomzimba kusukela ekhanda kuye kwesisekelo somsila bungaba ngu-46 cm emadodeni kanye no-42 cm kwabesifazane. Ubude bomsila ngamasentimitha angama-30-50. Isisindo somzimba sishiya ama-3.4-8 kg, izinsikazi zilula kunabesilisa. Isikhumba sobuso simnyama, ezihlathini kukhona imicu emhlophe yezinwele, emuva nengxenye engaphandle yezitho zinombala we-olive, izingxenye zangaphakathi zomzimba zimhlophe.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Kuzalwa yingalo eyodwa kuphela. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, leli thanga lihlukanisiwe lisuka kumama. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6, uyeka ukudla ubisi futhi ashintshele ekudleni okuqinile.

(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

IVervetki ijwayelekile ezindaweni eziningi zaseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Afrika, ukusuka eTopiya, eSomalia, kanye naseningizimu neSudan kuya eSouth Africa. Ziyeka ukutholakala entshonalanga ne-East African Rift noma uMfula iLuangwa. IVervetki eyethulwe ngabantu itholakala kwamanye ama-Antilles, ngokwesibonelo, eziqhingini zaseBarbados, Nevis naseSt. Kitts. IVervetki ihlalwa amasoseji, izikhukhula, amahlathi asogwini nezintaba aze afike ku-4000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezisezindaweni ngisho nokuhluma okuncane kakhulu, kufaka phakathi kwezindawo ezitshaliwe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni.

IVervetka ine-muzzle emnyama ephethe umhlophe wezinwele, kuyilapho umbala womzimba uwonke ungwevu. Abesilisa babonwa yi-scrotum yabo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nepenis ebomvu. Lolu hlobo lukhombisa i-dimorphism yezocansi, abesilisa bakhulu ngesisindo nangobude bomzimba. Amadoda amadala anesisindo esisukela ku-3.9 kuya ku-8 kg futhi abe nobude bomzimba obungu-42-60 cm, ukusuka phezulu kwekhanda kuya phansi komsila. Izinsikazi ezindala zinesisindo kusuka ku-3.4 kuye ku-5.3 kg futhi zinobukhulu obuyi-30-49 cm.

IVervetki ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke neyokuthambisa, ngamaqembu afinyelela kubantu abangama-72. Kukhona ubukhazikhazi obucacile bokubusa nokuzithoba phakathi kwabantu abathile ephaketheni.

Lezi zinkawu zenza imisindo ekhethekile yokuxwayisa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezizingelayo. Basebenzisa izibonakaliso ezahlukene ngokubona ingwe, inyoka noma ukhozi. Lezi zimpawu ezinomsindo zibhekwa yiningi lezazi zokuziphatha njengohlobo lwe-protolanguage. Ukwahlulela ngokubona, ama-vervetas asencane anombono ongaphakathi wokunikeza lezo zinhlabamkhosi zezinkomba, futhi izinkawu ezindala zibonakala zimnika amandla amahle uma ingane iphinda izalisa umsindo ngokufanele ngokuphinda ukukhala kwayo. Omama, ngokusho kwezazi zokuziphatha, babejeziswa ngokukhipha isibonakaliso esiyiphutha.

Ekudleni kwe-vervetki - izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo, amakhiwane, amaqabunga, imbewu nezimbali. Ziphinde zidle amaqanda ezinyoni nam amaphuphu amancane, izinambuzane (isikhonyane namahlume). Emvelweni yabantu, bakulungele ukudla isinkwa nezilimo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ummbila.

(Chlorocebus cynosuros)

Lezi zinkawu zisatshalaliswa ukusuka engxenyeni eseningizimu yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo eningizimu kuya eNamibia eNyakatho naseZambia. Entshonalanga, ibanga lilinganiselwe ebhange elilungile loMfula iLuangwa. Ihlala kuma-savannas, marshy kanye namahlathi asezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

IMulbrook ihola indlela yokuphila yasemini. Kugcinwa imihlambi kusuka kwabayisithupha kuya kwabangu-50. Umhlambi ngamunye unensimu yawo, ubukhulu bawo buhambisana nenani lokudla. Ama-Mulbrook anezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthinta nemisindo esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu.

(Cercopithecus diana)

Kuthunyelwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, ogwini lwe-Atlantic kusuka eSierra Leone kuya eCote d'Ivoire. Kuhlala amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nogalari.

Ubude bomzimba we-diana busuka ku-40 kuye ku-55 cm ubude, umsila unobude obufika ku-70 cm nobubanzi obuyi-3-4 cm. Abadala banesisindo esingu-4-7 kg. Ijazi linombala omnyama noma ompunga omnyama, intshebe, intamo, isifuba nemivimbo okhalweni kumhlophe noma kuphuzi okukhanyayo. Ithanga langaphakathi ne-sacrum ziwolintshi noma nsundu.

Hlela indlela yokuphila yesinkuni yosuku. IDiana idla kakhulu izithelo nezilokazane, futhi ihlanganisa nezimbali, amaqabunga amasha, nama-invertebrates. Izitha zemvelo ziyizithsaba nengwe. Bangaba izisulu zezimpimpi. Izinkawu zikhalela okwethusayo. Lapho ingwe isondela, bahlukanisa imisindo ethile yokuxwayisa, futhi lapho ukhozi olunomqhele lusondela, ziyehluka.

Bahlala ngamaqembu omholi oyedwa wesilisa, i-harem yakhe namawundlu. Ukufinyelela ebusheni (eminyakeni emi-3) abesilisa bashiya iqembu, abesifazane basala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5, isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.

(Cercopithecus roloway)

Sisatshalaliswe eNtshonalanga Afrika, uhla lwayo luphakathi kwemifula iSassandra (Côte d'Ivoire) nePra (iGhana).

Ngokubukeka nobukhulu bayo ifana kakhulu nenkawu uDiana, kepha ihluke ngesilevu eside.

Kuhola indlela yokuphila yesihlahla. Iqhutshwa ngamaqembu abantu abangu-15-30. Ukudla kufaka izithelo ezahlukahlukene, izimbali, imbewu nezinambuzane.

(I-Cercopithecus nictitans)

Isatshalaliswa yizindawo ezimbili ezisakazekile: eyokuqala iseLiberia nengxenye esentshonalanga yeCôte d'Ivoire, eyesibili isuka eningizimu yeNigeria iye eningizimu mpumalanga iye eMfuleni iCongo. Kuyatholakala futhi esiqhingini saseBioko. Ihlala ezintabeni nasezindaweni ezishisayo ezisezindaweni ezishisayo, igalari namahlathi ama-mangrove.

Isisindo somzimba singama-4.2-6.6 kg, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.

Uhola indlela yokuphila yesihlahla, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ehlela emhlabathini. Lezi zinkawu ziphathwa ngamaqembu enowesilisa oyedwa osekhulile, izinsikazi eziningana nenzalo yazo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu kwenzeka ngosizo lwezimpawu ezizwakalayo.

(Cercopithecus petaurista)

Kuthunyelwe ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika: kusuka eGuinea-Bissau eningizimu-mpumalanga kuya eTogo. Inani elihlukile lihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeSenegal. Ukhetha ukuhlala endaweni enamahlamvu aminyene ehlathi lemvula namahlathi egalari asemifuleni.

Isisindo sabesilisa abadala yi-4-8 kg, abesifazane - 4-5 kg. Inezimbobo zesihlathi lapho ithwala khona ukudla.

Lezi zinkawu ziphila impilo yansukuzonke yansuku zonke. Zidla ngezithelo, kanye namaqabunga, izinambuzane kanye namahlumela ezitshalo. Bahlala ngamaqembu amakhulu abantu abayi-15- 20 endaweni ethile. Umndeni uqukethe owesilisa, abesifazane abaningi nezizukulwane zabo.

(Cercopithecus mitis)

Kuthunyelwe kuphela eNtshonalanga Angola.Ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo njalo, ithanda izindawo ezinomswakama eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi amakhulu. Ibanjelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3800 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Izinkawu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyizimbewu ezincane ezinesisindo esingu-4-8 kg. Ubuso abunqunu, imnyama ngombala, kwesinye isikhathi iblue, umzimba unemisipha ekhule kahle. Lezi zinkawu zibizwa nangokuthi zithweswe umqhele ngenxa yomucu omhlophe woboya obumhlophe obukhula ngaphezu kwamashiya bese uqondiswa phambili. Izindwangu ezimhlophe zakhiwa kahle emadodeni. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ekhanda kuye kwesisekelo somsila buyi-50-65 cm.Iziduna zikhulu kunezinsikazi, futhi amachaphaza awo makhulu. Umbala ojwayelekile ungwevu, izitho zimnyama mnyama. Kwabantu abasha, amabala angabonakali abomvu ansundu abonakala, angenzeki kubantu abadala.

Kuhola indlela yokuphila yesihlahla, yize kwesinye isikhathi kwehlela phansi. Ukhetha ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinde, ezisebenza njengendawo yokukhosela nomthombo wokudla. Lezi zinkawu zihlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abayishumi kuya kwabangu-40. Iqembu elinjalo liqukethe owesilisa oyedwa, abesifazane abaningi nezizukulwane zabo. Abesilisa, lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, bayalishiya iqembu.

Owesifazane uvame ukuzala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwemvula. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezinhlanu. Ingane izalwa imbozwe ngoboya futhi amehlo ayo avulekile. Isikhathi sokuqunjelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba yiminyaka emithathu.

(Cercopithecus kandti)

Kusatshalaliswa eCentral Africa: eSouth-West Uganda, North-West Rwanda kanye nasempumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Kuhlala izihlahla ezinqenqema ze-alpine bamboo.

Phambilini, le monkey ibibhekwa njengengaphansi kwenkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, in ijazi eliwolintshi elikhanyayo emuva nasezinhlangothini zomzimba.

Ukudla okuyinhloko ngamaqabunga e-bamboo kanye namahlumela, kepha kuvame ukudla izithelo, izimbali kanye nama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene. Uhola indlela yokuphila yosuku, azihlelele indawo yokukhosela emagatsheni afakwe ngoqalo ebusuku. Lezi zinkawu ziphathwa ngamaqembu abantu abane kuya kwabangu-62. Chitha ubusuku ngamaqelana amancane aqukethe abantu abane.

(Cercopithecus albogularis)

Kusatshalaliswa enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTanzania kanye nesiqhingi saseZanzibar.

Phambilini ibibheke okumbalwa kwenkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ijazi linombala ompunga, umsila kanye nemilenze imnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele kukhona ikhola yezinwele ezimhlophe emphinjeni nasentanjeni. Imhlophe nayo i-chin. Isisindo somzimba silinganiselwa ku-9 kg.

(Cercopithecus mona)

Kusatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Afrika: ukusuka eSouth-Western Ghana kuya empumalanga kuya e-Eastern Cameroon, kutholakala futhi esiqhingini saseSao Tome. Kwethulwa kwezinye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean: iGrenada, iSanta Kitts neNevis. Ihlala emahlathini acishe abe yi-tropical tropical, atholakala emaxhaphozini amaxhaphozi, emahlathini egalari, ngisho nasemaphethelweni amahlathi.

Izinkawu ezi-Mona ziyamancanyana, zinomusa ngezingalo nemilenze emide. Ubude bomzimba wesidoda sowesilisa obudala bungama-41-63 cm, izintokazi zingamasentimitha angama-37-45, ubude bomsila emadodeni ngama-64-88 cm, kuthi kwabesifazane kube ngu-53-65 cm, isisindo somzimba singama-2,4-55.3 kg. Umsila, njengazo zonke ezinye izinkawu, mude, uqondile futhi awunakuguquguquka, usebenza njenge-balancer lapho ugxuma ezihlahleni. Izinkawu azikwazi ukubopha igatsha ngomsila bese zibambelela kuso.

Isikhathi sabo esiningi, njengohlobo lwesihlahla, bachitha esihlahleni esingaphezulu somqhele wehlathi lemvula, kuyilapho yonke indawo bethanda ukuhlala eziqongweni zezihlahla, kepha kaningi kungabonakala kudlisa phakathi nezihlahla zemiqhele eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi. I-Mona Monkey iyinhlobo yezitshalo ezi-herbivorous futhi engavikeleki, umthombo oyisisekelo wokudla okudla okunhlobonhlobo yezithelo kanye namahlumela amancane aminyene, amantongomane, imbewu; uma kungenzeka, izinkawu zidla zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, uju lwasendle, amaqanda ezinyoni, iminenke nezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sezinambuzane ekudleni kwazo sikhulu kunalezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu. Zinezikhwama zezihlathi lapho zikwazi ukuphatha khona ukudla okuqoqiwe ngesikhathi sokudla.

I-Mona Monkey - isikhathi sasemini nezinsimbi kakhulu, bangabhukuda abalungile, besebenzisa imisila yabo njengesiwisi. Izinkawu zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni noma ntambama. Ukuhamba ngemizila yomoya wawo emqheleni wezihlahla ngokushesha okukhulu, usebenzisa umsila ngokulinganisela. Agijimisa amagatsha ezihlahla, afike emaphethelweni egatsha, afinyelele kwesinye isihlahla. Finyelela umhlaba ngokuphepha kuwo wonke amanqina amane endaweni ethe mpo. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi izinkawu azigxumi ngempumelelo, ziwe phansi noma emanzini. Lokhu kaningi akuzilimazi kakhulu - zikhuphukela ngokushesha esihlahleni esiseduze ukuze zihlanganyele iqembu lazo futhi.

Njengezinye izinkawu, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, izinkawu zika-Mona zisebenzisa ukuxhumana okubukwayo. Ukuxhumana kwe-Tactile kungukuzilungiselela umphakathi; asetshenziswa womabili njengendlela yokuqinisa ubudlelwano bezenhlalo phakathi kwabantu nanjengenqubo yenhlanzeko. Izinkawu zihlela ngokucophelela uvolo womunye umuntu, zihlanze ngokucophelela kusuka ezisele zesikhumba esifile, izinto zakwamanye amazwe nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlaka. Izinkawu zinama-alamu amabili aphambili. Umsindo ongadalulwa ngokuthi “ithanga” usho ukuthi kukhona ingwe eduzane, nomsindo ofana nokukhwehlela - "i-hack" uxwayisa ngokusondela komhlaseli onezandla. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, izinkawu zase-Mona zivame ukubanda futhi zihlale zingagungqi phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla namahlamvu kuze kudlule usongo.

Izinkawu zama-Mona zihlala emaqenjini ama-8-35, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela kubantu abangama-50 (ngokwesilinganiso - 12). Iqembu elinjalo lezenhlalo livame ukuba nabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili, inzalo yabo nomuntu wesilisa oyedwa ovuthiwe ngokocansi. Indawo ehlala iqembu lezenhlalo imvamisa ingamahektare angama-550. Kepha, uma iqembu lihlala endaweni evumayo lapho kunenani elikhulu futhi elanele lokudla, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlanganise amaqembu amaningi futhi uhlale ndawonye ekuhlanganeni okukhulu kwabesilisa abaningi abadala. Amaqembu amakhulu ezinkawu ngokuvamile awezesikhashana nje, ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezifanayo ngokubona kwawo wonke amalungu alo ngenxa yezinyamazane nezinye izingozi. Ukuba khona kwamaqembu ahlanganisa abesilisa ngokuphelele kuyaziwa, kepha ngokuvamile kuncane futhi kufaka abantu abambalwa (imvamisa 2-5).

Abesifazane, njengabameli abaningi bohlobo lwezinkawu, ngemuva kokungena kuma-estrus, bakhombisa owesilisa ngokuzimisela kwawo ukushada, ekhombisa indawo akuyo yokuzalwa. Cishe njalo, owesimame uqalisa ukuqala komshado. Abantu abasha bazalwa ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga ezingama-5.5-6 noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuzalwa kwengalo eyodwa (kuyaqabukela kube kabili) kuvame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi zeminyaka emibili bese kubhekwa ebusuku esihlahleni lapho zilele khona izinkawu. Amawundlu adla obisini lukamama cishe izinyanga eziyi-12, emva kwalokho aguqukela ngokuphelele ekudleni okuqinile. Ukuvuthwa emadodeni kwenzeka eminyakeni yobudala engama-4-6, kwabesifazane - iminyaka emi-3-5. Ekuthunjweni, izinkawu zika-Mona ziphila iminyaka engama-22 kuya kwengama-26.

(Cercopithecus campbelli)

Kuthunyelwe ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika: kusuka eGambia naseSenegal kuya eGhana.

Zidla ngezithelo, amaqabunga kanye nama-gummies. Ehlathini zihamba ngemilenze emine.

Lezi zinkawu zihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangu-8 kuya kwabangu-12. Umhlambi uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane amabili: kowesifazane munye onamawundlu, kwelinye - abesilisa. Banolaka maqondana nabaphule imingcele yendawo yabo. Insikazi izalwa yingalo eyodwa. Okusanda kuzalwa kuncancelwa yizo zonke izintokazi zeqembu.

Phakathi kokukhala kwezokuxhumana kungabonakala izikhalo ezithambile ezivame ukutholakala ngamalungu amade omhlambi adonsela ukunaka kwabadala. Ukuqhakaza kufakazela usongo, amehlo athe njo endaweni eyodwa, amashiya amile, izindlebe zibekwe emuva, isikhumba ebusweni siluliwe. Ukuzwakalisa usongo, inkawu ivula umlomo wayo, ngenkathi amazinyo acwebile nekhanda libonakala. Izinkawu ziyavalelisana, zihlikihla ubuso. Lokhu kuqala umdlalo noma ukuzilungiselela.

(Cercopithecus pogonias)

Kusatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Afrika: endaweni ephakathi kwemifula yeKros neNiger. Kutholakala naseBioko Island. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala endaweni ephezulu yamahlathi emvula.

Owesilisa unesisindo esingama-4.5 kg, owesimame - ama-3 kg.

Izithelo nembewu zinqoba ekudleni kwenkawu, okuyiwo okugcwele kuzo izihlakala. Ama-invertebrates kanye namahlumela asemasha afaka lokho kudla.

Zibanjwa ngamaqembu abantu abayi-13-18, ziholwa owesilisa ovelele, ongubaba wenzalo yabo bonke abantu besifazane. Abesilisa abakhulayo bahlala balwa nomholi; uma behlulwa, bayashiya umhlambi. Ukumemeza kwenkawu kucishe kube ukubhoboza, ukucwilisa izinsimbi zomzimba kuqinisa umsindo, lokhu kuvumela izinkawu ukuthi zikhulume amabanga amakhulu.

(Cercopithecus wolfi)

Kusatshalaliswa endaweni yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo: phakathi kwemifula iCongo neSankuru. Kuhlala amahlathi emvula ashisayo.

Izinsikazi zalezi zinkawu cishe ziphindwe kabili kunalezi zinsikazi (ezingama-4,5 kg no-2,5 kg ngokulandelana).

Idla kakhulu izithelo, yize ivame ukudla izinambuzane, imbewu kanye namahlumela ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Bona uqobo bavame ukuba yizisulu zezingwe kanye nezinkozi ezinomqhele.

Phila ngamaqembu aqukethe owesilisa omkhulu nabesifazane abaningi. Iqembu ngalinye linensimu yalo. Ngokuvamile kuba nezingxabano zomhlaba phakathi kwamaqembu. Isikhathi sokufuthwa kwalezi zinkawu sihlala ngoJuni kuya kuDisemba. Owesifazane uletha kuphela iwundlu elilodwa.

(Cercopithecus erythrogaster)

Kusatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Afrika: eningizimu yeTogo, Benin naseNigeria. Kuhlala imvula yemvula.

Isisindo sabesilisa abadala yi-3.5-4,5 kg, abesifazane - ngu-2 kg.

Lezi zinkawu zivame ukubamba ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangu-4-5, kodwa kuye kwaba nezimo lapho zibuthana ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-30. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nabesilisa abangashadile.

(Cercopithecus sclateri)

Kusatshalaliswa eningizimu yeNigeria, endaweni elinganiselwe phakathi kwemifula yeNiger neCross. Indawo ebangeni ilinganiselwa ku-29,000 km 2. Kwezindawo zokuhlala ezingakwazi ukungena futhi amahlathi asogwini.

Izinsikazi ezindala zinesisindo somzimba esilinganiselwa ku-2,5-3,5 kg, kanti nesisindo somzimba sowesilisa osekhulile cishe ziyi-3-4-4 kg.

IScatter Monkey uhlobo lokudla izithelo. Izici zokudla kwakhe azaziwa, kepha ngaphandle kwezithelo, udla ezinye izitshalo, kanye nezinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Kuholela ekuhlanyeleni kwendlela yokuphila yesikhathi sasemini. Ihamba phakathi kwezihlahla ngezixhaxha ezincane isebenzisa zonke izitho, inqoba izikhala zomoya ezincane phakathi kwamagatsha ngokugxuma. Okokuxhumana nomuntu ngamunye usebenzisa kabanzi ukuxhumana okubonakalayo. Njengakwezinye izinkawu, ukubhekisisa into okufanele kunakwe kuyinkomba yolaka. Kulokhu, kuphakanyiswa amashiya, isikhafu nesikhumba ebusweni zeluliwe, izindlebe zidonswa emuva. Ngezinhloso ezinolaka, kubonisa ama-clove anama-peri-ocular amabala, aqhathanisa kakhulu nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo wesikhumba sobuso, ngenkathi umlomo uvame ukuvuleka, yize amazinyo avale izindebe. Umuzwa wokukhathazeka: izindebe zidonswa ngendlela yokuthi amazinyo abonakale, kuyilapho exinwe kanyekanye. Ukuxhumana kwe-Tactile - ukuzilawula kwezenhlalo, kusetshenziselwa zombili njengesizathu sokuqinisa ubudlelwane bezenhlalo phakathi kwabantu nanjengenqubo yenhlanzeko. Izinkawu zihlela ngokucophelela uvolo womunye umuntu, zihlanze izinsalela zesikhumba esifile, izinto zakwamanye amazwe nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlaka. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuxhumana kwamagama kwalolu hlobo. Kuchazwa imisindo enkulu, ekhishwa ngabesilisa abadala futhi abakhonza ngokuqoqana kuleli qembu.

IScatter Monkey isilwane senhlalo esihlala emaqenjini ahlanganisiwe. Imvamisa, usayizi weqembu omaphakathi cishe ngabantu abayi-7. Noma ubukhulu beqembu bungafinyelela kubantu abangu-15 kuye kwabangu-30. Akukho sikhathi esishiwo sokuzala. Izinsikazi, ngemuva kokungena estrus, zikhombisa owesilisa ukulungela kwazo ukukhula. Ngowesifazane ohlale esebenza njengomsunguli wokuqala komshado. Ngesikhathi sokuzwana, insikazi ikhombisa ukubukeka kobuso obukhethekile, ikhombisa izindebe eziphansi ngaphambili futhi ibheke njalo ehlombe kowesilisa. Insikazi izala dntngysh eyodwa. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-20-25.

(Cercopithecus erythrotis)

Kusatshalaliswa eningizimu mpumalanga yeNigeria nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neCameroon. Kuyatholakala futhi esiqhingini saseBioko. Kuhlala amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo namagquma.

Inkawu kaRuby-eared ingeyezinkawu ezincane kunazo zonke. Kungabonakala kalula ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ikhala elibomvu elibunjiwe, izindlebe ezibomvu ezibomvu, umsila omude obomvu.

Kuhola indlela yokuphila yesihlahla. Iqhutshwa ngamaqembu abantu abane kuya kwabangu-30. Ehlathini akubethengi ubukhona bayo, ukumemeza kuthulile, njengama-bird trill.

(Cercopithecus cephus)

Kusatshalaliswa kusuka eSouth Cameroon naseCentral African Republic eningizimu kuya eMfuleni iCongo. Ihlala kokubili amahlathi emvula nawesibili, kanye namahlathi egalari asogwini lomfula.

Ubude bomzimba buyi-48-56 cm, nomsila bude kakhulu. Isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile singamakhilogremu angama-4,3, kuthi leso sowesifazane singama-2,9 kg.

(Cercopithecus ascanius)

Kusatshalaliswa eCentral Africa: kusuka endaweni eyisisekelo yemifula yeCongo kanye ne-Ubanga empumalanga kuya eKenya (isigodi esivulekile), e-Uganda nase Ntshonalanga Tanzania. Ihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni eziphansi, igalari namaxhaphozi asogwini, indawo ezomile zemithi yomtholo, amahlathi asezintabeni, ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Izimpawu zezinkawu zabantu abadala ezinomsila obomvu zifaka ubuso obumnyama, isikhumba esimnyama eduze kwamehlo, indawo ekhanyayo ekhaleni, noboya obumhlophe esihlathini sabo. Ngokuya ngezinsizwa, umbala wekhala lawo uyahlukahluka kusuka kumhlophe noma ophuzi kuya cishe kumnyama. Igama elijwayelekile "Red-Tailed" linikezwa ngenxa yombala wezinwele ekugcineni komsila, ohlukahluka kubomvu kuya kosi onsundu. Ubude bomzimba owesilisa bungamasentimitha angama-40-63, kwabesifazane abango-32-46 cm, ubude besibambiso kwabesilisa buyi-62-89 cm, kwabesifazane abango-53-78 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 kg.

Izinkawu ezinombala obomvu zingamadayimane, ama-arboreal primates, amancanyana futhi akhuthele. Amahora abo amakhulu okusebenza asekuseni kakhulu nasekuseni kakhulu. Ngosuku, iqembu lezinkawu elifuna ukudla ligijima cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1,4. Bahlala emaqenjini abantu abungu-7 kuya ku-35, imvamisa beyindoda eyodwa nabesifazane abaningana. Ubukhulu bensimu ethathwa yiqembu elilodwa icishe ibe ngamahektare ayi-120, abazivikela ekuhlaselweni ngabantu abangabazi. Ezindaweni ezigcwele ukudla, amaqembu ambalwa ezinkawu angabuthana ndawonye, ​​futhi ezihlahleni ezinkulu zingaba ndawonye ngezikhathi zokuphumula. Njengazo zonke izinto zasendulo, ukuxhumana kule nhlobo kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kufaka phakathi amakhemikhali noma ama-olenzi, okubukwayo, okwamazwi, okubonakalayo.

Izinkawu ezinombala obomvu zivame ukutholakala emphakathini nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ezinjenge-colobus ebomvu, imangobey kanye nezinkawu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isibonelo, i-colobus ingaluma ngokusebenzisa igobolondo elingaphandle lesithelo futhi inkawu enomsila obomvu ingadla izinsalela zezithelo eziqukethe ipulpiti yezithelo ezivame ukungafinyeleleki kuzo. Isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinkawu kufaka phakathi izithelo, kepha ziphinda zigcwalisa ukudla kwazo ngamahlumela ezitshalo amancane, izimbali, ama-buds, ukuqunjelwa kwezinsini nezinambuzane. Imvukuzane enomsila obomvu inemipheme yesifuba yokubamba ukudla lapho, okukuvumela ukuba ugcine izandla zakho zikhululekile ngenkathi zihamba.

Izinkawu ezinomsila obomvu nazo zabonwa ekuxhumaneni kwabantu abahlangene kwezokuxhumana: imidlalo, ukunakekelwa okuhambisanayo nosizo ekuvikeleni kwabazingeli abajwayelekile. Imvukuzane enombala obomvu ingahlangana ngisho nezinkawu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngesikhathi esifanayo zikhiqiza inzalo evundile.

Ukuzalela kwenzeka unyaka wonke, yize isikhathi sokuzalela esiphakeme sivela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari, kanti ukuzalwa kwamawundlu kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguNovemba. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu besifazane bakwazi ukuzala intsha minyaka yonke. Babonisa uhlelo lokuzala olungavumelekile lapho umuntu oyedwa wesilisa ehlangana nabo bonke abesifazane beqembu. Imvamisa, insikazi ku-estrus ikhombisa ukungabinayo amandla nokuzimisela ukushada ngokuziphatha okubonakalayo, okwaziwa njengokusebenza. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, emva kwalokho kuzelwe umntwana oyedwa. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukuba nesisindo esingama-400 g, zibe noboya obukhanyayo futhi zihlala zikanina, zinamathela ngokuqinile nazo zonke izitho ezine kuboya esiswini sakhe. Kungumsebenzi kamama ukuthutha, ukuvikela, nokudla.Emavikini okuqala empilo, insikazi ithwala ingane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abanye besifazane abangashadile abavela eqenjini elifanayo lezenhlalo nabo bazama ukunakekela ingane futhi kwesinye isikhathi izingxabano ziyavela phakathi kwabo.

Izinga lowesifazane eqenjini livame ukuba nethonya elinqumayo esimweni senhlalo samadodakazi akhe avuthiwe, asele ngemuva kokuvuthwa eqenjini. Abesilisa, lapho sebefinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokobulili, bashiya iqembu lisungula inkampani ehlukile, bezama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufaka abesilisa abahamba phambili emaqenjini abesifazane. Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa ovelele esuswe ezweni, umholi omusha uzama ukubulala zonke izilwane ezincane ezikhona eqenjini, ngaleyo ndlela egqugquzela izinsikazi ezincelisayo ukuba zingene enkathini yokuzala zizale inzalo yakhe. Abesilisa bavame ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili lapho beneminyaka eyisithupha; izinsikazi zihlanganyela ekuzaleni ziseneminyaka emine noma emihlanu ubudala.

Izitha zemvelo izinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane, amakati asendle (ikakhulukazi izingwe), kwesinye isikhathi ziba yizisulu zamachimpanzee noma izinyoka ezinkulu. Futhi yize kungekho datha eqondile ekuphilayo kwempilo yale nhlobo ngokwemvelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi ekudingisweni bangaphila iminyaka eyi-22, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Ngokusobala, isikhathi sokuphila endalweni sifushane.

(Cercopithecus lhoesti)

Sisatshalaliswe empumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, eningizimu nentshonalanga ye-Uganda, eRwanda naseBurundi. Kuhlala izihlahla ezinkulu, ezezintaba namahlathi emvula afinyelela ku-1000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle kuze kufike kuma-2500 m. Futhi, lezi zinkawu zatholakala ezindaweni ezicebile zezimila zehlathi phakathi kwezihlahla zezintaba. Inkawu enentshebe ithanda ihlathi lokuqala elivuthiwe, elinomswakama futhi mude, livela kugalari nasemahlathini aseceleni, elinamahlathi aminyene ehlathi.

Ubude bomzimba buyi-46-56 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-42-68 cm. Abesilisa balesisindo cishe ngama-6 kg ngokwesilinganiso, kanti izinsikazi zinesisindo esingama-3.5 kg. Umsila mude futhi uboshwe kancane ekugcineni. Kukhona izikhwama zezihlathi ezisetshenziswa yizilwane ukuthutha ukudla kwazo.

Isisekelo sokudla ukudla okuxubile, okubandakanya izithelo, amahlumela, imbewu, izimpande kanye nama-rhizomes ama-juicy, amaqanda, izinambuzane, izibankwa ezincane ngisho nezinyoni. Izithelo zivame ukwenza cishe ama-47% wokudla kwazo, ama-23% - imifino yotshani yasemhlabeni, okunye ukudla - 30%.

Izinkawu ezinentshebe ziyizilwane ezi-arboreal nezidayisayo. Alala ezihlahleni, athathe isikhundla sokuhlala, abambelele emagatsheni noma ngokulandelana. Isikhathi somsebenzi esikhulu: ekuseni kakhulu. Eduze kwasemini, emva kokudla kwasekuseni nesikhathi esishisa kakhulu sosuku, baphephela emiqheleni yezihlahla. Lezi zilwane eziningi zasemhlabeni ziphilela ukuziphilisa ikakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, bazama ukufihla ezinhlotsheni eziningi zobungozi phakathi kotshani obukhulu emqheleni yezihlahla. Izinkawu ezisencane ezinentshebe zinemisila yokubamba eqinile ngokwanele ukusekela isisindo sayo: lesi sici siyingqayizivele yezinkawu ze-Old World. Balahlekelwa yileli khono lapho sebekhulile, bese izinkawu zisebenzisa imisila yazo kuphela ekulinganiseni ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugxuma.

Bamba ngamaqembu. Amaqembu emindeni afaka phakathi kwabangu-5 kuya kwabangu-25, lapho abesifazane bathola khona. Ukwakheka kweqembu elijwayelekile lomndeni kungowesilisa oyedwa, abesifazane abaningi abavuthiwe ngokocansi kanye nenzalo yabo. Izinkawu ezinentshebe kuyaqabukela kwakheka ukuzihlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo zanyanga, zikhetha ukuhlala nabantu bohlobo lwazo.

Ngemuva kokungena ku-estrus, insikazi yazisa owesilisa ngokukulungela kwakhe ukukhulela endaweni ekhethekile yokubukisa. Emva kwalokho, isiduna siphuca insikazi bese kuqala ukukhula: isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe siyizinyanga ezi-5. Ukuzalwa kwamawundlu kuvame ukwenzeka ekugcineni kwenkathi eyomile, lapho kuqala izimvula ezinamandla, okuyinto evumayo ukuqunjelwa. Insikazi, imvamisa ebusuku, izala ikonyana elilodwa. Umama ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokubeletha udla i-placenta futhi uyikhahlela ngokucophelela ingane, enamathele ngokuqinile ezinweleni zikamama esiswini sakhe. Abanye besifazane eqenjini labesifazane abasebenzayo bakhombisa ukuthakazela okukhulu futhi bazama ukuxhasa izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunakekelwa kwabesifazane kuba ngaphansi njalo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, kodwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa kabusha okulandelayo, imvamisa emva kweminyaka emibili. Abesilisa abasebasha abangakazalwa bayalishiya iqembu lapho befika ekuvuthweni ngokobulili, abesifazane bahlala eqenjini lomama kuze kube phakade. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngemuva kokufinyelela iminyaka emibili yobudala kwabesifazane, kowesilisa kungekudala. Ekudingisweni, izilwane zasinda cishe iminyaka engama-30. Emvelweni, isikhathi sokuphila akubonakali sedlula iminyaka engama-20.

(Cercopithecus preussi)

Sisatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Cameroon, eMpumalanga yeNigeria kanye naseziqhingini zeBioko (Equatorial Guinea). Ihlala amahlathi asezintabeni nawaphansi kwamagquma endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Lezi zinkawu zimpunga emnyama enoboya obumhlophe emikhondweni yazo. Isisindo somzimba kuze kufike ku-10 kg.

Idla ikakhulu izithelo, kwesinye isikhathi idla amaqabunga nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Zigcinwa ngamaqembu aqukethe owesilisa osemdala, izinsikazi eziningana kanye nenzalo yazo. Leli qembu linabantu ababalelwa ku-17. Abesifazane baletha iwundlu elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-4, isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-31.

(Cercopithecus solatus)

Sisatshalaliswe enkabeni yeGabon, indawo ephelele yezindawo zayo ingu-11000-12000 km 2.

Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bungama-60-70 cm, ubude bawo bumsila bube yi-65-76 cm, ubude bomzimba wowesifazane buyi-50-55 cm, futhi ubude bomsila buyi-60-67 cm. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa yi-6-9 kg, kanti izintokazi ziyi-4-6. kg

Lezi zinkawu ziziphatha ngendlela engathandeki. Ukuba semqhele ezihlahleni zezihlahla, ingxenye engenhla ye-canopy yehlathi ivame ukugwenywa, lapho ingahlaselwa khona ukhozi oluzithobayo - inyamazane ekhethekile ehlasela inyamazane. Emhlabathini, izinkawu ezinombala ophuzi zihamba ikakhulukazi emilenzeni emine, yize zisebenzisa futhi ukuhamba ngezinyawo uma zihamba phansi phakathi kwamathanga otshani obukhulu ukuze zikwazi ukubhekabheka futhi zigweme noma yiziphi izitha ezidla umhlaba ezingaba khona.

Idla ikakhulu izithelo. Ukuqashelwa okukhethekile kubonise ukuthi iqembu lezinkawu ezihlala emaphethelweni ehlathi lifaka ubhontshisi oluhlaza, ujusi kanye ne-gum kusuka ezihlahleni ze-ebony, izithelo zepapaya, kanye nemikhiqizo yezinye izihlahla ezingaziwa ezivunyelwe ngabalimi eduze komngcele wehlathi. Kukhona izingozi eziningi zezinkawu ezinomsila ophuzi ngokuhlaselwa okunje, ngakho-ke yizilwane ezindala kuphela ezibamba iqhaza emabhizinisini akhiqiza ukudla okuyingozi ngaphandle kwehlathi, kanti izinkawu ezincane zisebenza “njengezindawo”, ngokuba phakathi kwehlathi nokubheka okwenzekayo endaweni ephephile nebanga. . Uma kutholwa noma iyiphi ingozi, umsindo ongaqiniseki noma yimuphi ukunyakaza, "abahlanganyeli" balowo mgadli ngokushesha babuyela ehlathini.

Inkawu enomsila ophuzi iqaphela ngokukhethekile lapho ukhetha indawo yokulala. Imvamisa zihlala engxenyeni ephezulu yomqhele omqhele, etholakala emagatsheni aminyene eduze kwesiqu noma kumfoloko kumagatsha. Imvamisa basebenzisa njalo indawo efanayo ekhululekile nephephile yokulala. Lapho inkawu ikhathaza okuthile okuvela phezulu, ngokushesha yehla futhi ihlale inganyakazi, icashe ngaphansi kotshani “ophahleni” lwezimila, lapho izinyamazane ezinamabala zingasabesabi. Izilwane ezidla ezinye, njengezengwe, ziye zanyamalala lapho kuhlala khona izinkawu ezinombala ophuzi eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule.

Izinkawu ziba nokuzimela cishe ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-18. Abavuthiwe ngokobulili - ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni emithathu, futhi baletha inzalo yabo yokuqala eneminyaka engaba ngu-4.

(Cercopithecus hamlyni)

Sisatshalaliswa ezwekazini lase-Afrika, lapho ihlala khona empumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRwanda kanye nasentshonalanga esentshonalanga ne-Uganda eBurundi. Indawo eyinhloko ihlathi eliminyene lendawo eshisayo. Lezi zinkawu zigcinwa emahlathini atholwe okungenani ngamamitha ayi-900 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi enyuka aze afike ekuphakameni okufika ku-3200 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Bahlala endaweni enamahlathi ezungezwe yimingcele yemvelo. Amachibi nezinqubo zasemfuleni, imiphetho yamahlathi ashisayo nezintaba-mlilo eziningi zichaza ngokucacile imingcele yezindawo abahlala kuzo kanye nobubanzi bebonke.

Inkawu ebhekene nobuso bezikhova - inkawu enesayizi ephakathi nendawo, inomsila omfishane omfishane, onomhubhe omnyama ekugcineni. Ubuso bufana nesikhova, ngamehlo amabili amakhulu. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wesidoda esidala singamasentimitha angama-50-65, insikazi singama-40-55 cm. Isisindo sezinkawu ezivuthiwe ngokobulili sisukela ku-4 kuye ku-10 kg (izinsikazi ezindala zinesisindo esingu-7-10 kg, izinsikazi zinesisindo esingu-4.5-6 kg). Ubuso bumnyama ngombala obabazekayo obomvu, bunomucu oqondile ogeleza ngokusebenzisa amashiya kanye nomucu omile kusuka enkabeni yamashiya kuya esifundeni se-labial. Lemivimbo emibili iyahlukahluka ngombala kusuka ku-aphuzi-ukhilimu kuye kokucishe kube mhlophe futhi kwakha uphawu lomlingiswa we-tattoo ebusweni balezo zinkawu. Ikhanda lonke lizungezwe yisigaxa esikhulu soboya obumnyama obumnyama obumboza izindlebe ngokuphelele. Uboya bude, bukhulu. Ijazi lezilwane zabantu abadala li-olive grey noma licishe libe mnyama. Ijazi elimnyama elicishe labamnyama ligijima esiswini naseceleni eliphansi lemilenze nezingalo ezingemuva. Ijazi labo elinemibala ecishe ibe yikhulu lokuvikela liyabavumela ukuba bazifihle kahle kubazingeli.

Ngendlela yokuphila, inkawu ebhekene nesikhova yisikhathi sasemini kanye nenkawu yesihlahla. Uhamba ehlathini usebenzisa zonke izinyawo ezine. Efuna okuphakelayo okufanele, uphoqelelwa ukuthi ahlole izindawo ezinkulu nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokudla, ingxenye yokudla ibekwa emaphaketheni esihlathini. Lokhu kukhulula izandla zakho, okwenza kube lula ukuhambahamba kwezihlahla futhi ngasikhathi sinye sikuvumela ukuthi udle okuphakelayo okukhishwe endaweni ekhululeke kakhudlwana.

Inkawu ebhekene nezikhova iyona edla kakhulu izithelo, ithanda izithelo nezimbali (50-60%), kepha idla amaqabunga (20-25%) nama-invertebrates (10-20%). Ubheka izinambuzane (amacimbi, izintuthwane kancane kanye nezicabucabu kancane nangokuzithokozisa, ubheke ngaphansi kwamagxolo avuthiwe).

Ukuphila emaqenjini omphakathi okubandakanya abesifazane abambalwa ngenzalo yabo engakaqhamuki nowesilisa oyedwa. Njengomthetho, inani lamalungu eqenjini alidluli abantu abangu-10. Kwesinye isikhathi, amaqembu ngamanye ahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu angaqukeka abesilisa abaningana abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Kodwa-ke, ebusuku izinkawu zilala ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane emindeni. Iqembu linamathela endaweni yalo eyinqaba, elimakwe kusetshenziswa izindlala ezinamabele. Imvamisa owesilisa oyedwa uhamba neqembu futhi, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-2, uthathelwa indawo ngowesilisa oyedwa yedwa ohlala ezungeza amaqembu anjalo emindeni. Njengomthetho, izinsikazi zixosha ezinye izintokazi endaweni yazo, kuyilapho abesilisa begxile ekususweni kwamanye amadoda emadodeni avela kwabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi.

Isikhathi sokuzala sitholakala ngoMeyi - Okthoba, kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa. Owesifazane unekhefu leminyaka emibili phakathi kokuzalwa.

(Cercopithecus lomamiensis)

Kusatshalaliswa eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, lapho kwenzeka khona phakathi kwemifula i-Lom neChuap engxenyeni ephakathi yezwe. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ososayensi bathola le monkey ngo-2007 endlini kathisha wesikole sendawo futhi bayichaza ngo-2012. Kwabendawo, Cercopithecus lomamiensis kudala yaziwa ngaphansi kwegama Lesula.

Ubude bekhanda nomzimba wamadoda amadala yi-47-65 cm, isisindo ngu-4-7.1 kg, izinsikazi ezincane zingama-40-42 cm, kanti isisindo singama-3.5-4 kg.

Bondla ikakhulu izithelo nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo, bahlala ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangu-2-5. Kutholakala emahlathini emvula we-equatorial nge-predominance yezihlahla uGilbertiodendron dewevrei (Detarievye, umndeni weBean).

(Cercopithecus ngokunganaki)

Sisatshalaliswe kusuka eNyakatho ye-Angola, eCameroon, e-Equatorial Guinea naseGabon ukuya entshonalanga ukuya e-Uganda, Kenya naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Ethiopia. Kutholakala emihlathini engenhla yehlathi lemvula, kodwa kungahlala emahlathini, izingodo zoqalo kanye nezihlahla eziphansi emahlathini acijile nemifula, kanye namahlathi asezintabeni.

Lesi isigaxa sosayizi ophakathi nendawo, ubude bekhanda nomzimba wabesifazane buyi-39-54 cm, abesilisa bangama-48- 59 cm.Imisila yomsila wabesifazane ingu-47-57 cm, abesilisa bangama-59-78 cm. Isisindo sowesifazane: ama-4,4 kg, owesilisa ayi-8 kg. . Ijazi limpunga ngomhlane obomvu ngokubomvu, amabala amnyama nomqhele omhlophe. Esihlokweni kukhona isilevu esimhlophe, ibala elinsundu noma eliwolintshi ebunzini lonke linomucu omnyama kulayini we-eyebrow, amashiya amhlophe. Emadodeni, isikhumba esihlathini esisondele ekhaleni siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane banezikhwama zesihlathi zokuthwala ukudla.

Izinkawu zihlala emindenini eyodwa noma emndenini owakhiwa owesilisa osekhulile, izinsikazi ezintathu ezikhulu nezinzalo zazo. Amaqembu angomakhelwane angadla ndawonye, ​​kepha ahlukane ezindlini zabo zokulala ngesikhathi sokulala. Insimu yomndeni ingu-6-13 ha. Izinkawu ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku, zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, zihamba ngezinyawo ezine. Ngesikhathi sokusongelwa bathanda ukucasha kunokuba balwe. Zidla ngamahlamvu amancane nezithelo, kanye nezimbali, izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinyoni nezimpawu ezincane zezidleke.

Le yinkawu ethule, imemeza kakhulu. Usebenzisa ubuso obukhulu bokuxhumana ukuxhumana, ikakhulukazi obukhazikhazi obuzwakalayo. Izinkawu zalolu hlobo ziluqonda kude kakhulu, ngisho nasehlathini elimnyama.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-6,6, noma izinsuku ezingama-168, imvamisa ingane eyodwa izalwa. Ifinyelela ekukhuleni ineminyaka engu-3-5. Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka engama-22-30.

(Miopithecus talapoin)

Ihanjiswa kusuka ogwini lwe-Atlantic lwaseNyakatho ye-Angola ukuya empumalanga kuya engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Enyakatho, ibanga lilinganiselwe ebhange eliseningizimu yoMfula iCongo. Kuhlala amahlathi eceleni kwemifula.

Lezi yizinkawu ezincane kunazo zonke zoMhlaba Omdala. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa silinganiselwa ku-1250 g, kwabesifazane singama-760 g. Ubude bekhanda nomzimba kungama-32-45 cm, kanti nomsila ubude bawo ngama-36-52 cm. Umbala wejazi uluhlaza okotshani, isigaxa esifubeni, isisu kanye nezingxenye zangaphakathi zomzimba, umsila opipini umnyama , izindlebe nesikhumba ezungeze amehlo acishe abe mnyama, ama-buccal tufts aphuzi. Isizalo sabo sincishiswa kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa negebhezi elikhulu. Ibhulashi elineminwe emifushane phakathi kwalo kukhona ulwelwesi oluncane lwesikhumba.

Kuholela yokuphila kwesihlahla sasemini sasemini. Isisekelo sokudla kufaka izithelo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sidla imbewu, amahlamvu amancane kanye nama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene.