Ama-monk seal (Monachus) - uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezifuywayo zezimpawu zangaphansi zangaphansi komhlaba. Lawa kuphela ama-pinnipeds ahlala olwandle olufudumele olwandle. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo, kodwa esisodwa sazo - uphawu lwe-monk seal yaseCaribbean - kubukeka sengathi sesivele siphelile. Wagcina ukubonakala ngo-1952, kwathi ngonyaka we-1996 inyunyana i-International Union for Conservation of Natural yammemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi unyamalele. Le ndatshana izogxila esibonelweni semonki saseHawaii (Monachus schauinslandi). Lolu hlobo luphinde lusongelwe ngokuqothulwa, ngoba lusengozini enkulu yokungenela kwabantu emvelweni.
Ukubhebhetheka
Njengamanje, izindawo zokuzalela zezilwane zasolwandle zaseHawaii ezitholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesiQhingi saseHawaii: I-Kure, Pearl neHermes, iLisyansky, iLeysan, iFrance Frigate Sholes, Midway. Phambilini babehlala naseziqhingini zeqembu eliyinhloko leziqhingi zaseHawaii: iKauai, Niihau, Oahu neHawaii.
Ukusuka ngo-1958 kuya ku-1996, inani lezimpawu zamanzi lancipha ngamaphesenti angama-60. Ngo-2004, inani labo lehle laya kubantu abayi-1,400. Esikhathini esedlule, ukwehla bekubangelwa kakhulu ukudoba ngokweqile. Njengamanje, izinto eziphambili ezithinta ukuncishiswa kwabantu ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu zamanzi ngesikhathi sokuzala nokufa lapho zingena ngamanetha okudoba.
E-US, kuvikelwe umthetho.
Incazelo ye-Hawaii Monk Seal
Ubude bomzimba obumbeke njengophawu lwazo lezi zinhlaka ngu 2.1 - 2.3 m, isisindo - 170-205 kg, kanti izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Amakhanda abo ayindilinga ngesigaxa esidala, amehlo makhulu, azikho izindlebe zangaphandle, ama-vibrissae abushelelezi futhi amafushane.
Izimpawu ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe ngoboya obude obumnyama, abazichitha beneminyaka eyi-6. Kubantu abadala, uboya emuva buyisiliva grey, kancane kancane luphenduka ukhilimu umphimbo, esifubeni nasesiswini, futhi umzimba ungaba nezindawo ezengeziwe ezikhanyayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhumba siba nsundu ngaphezulu futhi siphuzi ngezansi. Kwesinye isikhathi ebudaleni, abanye abantu baba nsundu noma babe mnyama.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseHawaiiian kanye nendlela yokuphila
Le nhlobo ihlala emabhishi anesihlabathi namanzi asogwini esiqhingini saseNyakatho neNtshonalanga yeHawaii, eyaziwa nangokuthi yiLeeward Islands: Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisyansky Island, Leysan Island, the shallows of the French Frigate, Necker Island and Nihoa.
Izimpawu zasolwandle zaseHawaii zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emanzini, futhi zikhethwe emhlabeni ukuze ziphumule. Bangababhukudi abahle futhi abahlukahlukene.
Izilwane zabantu abadala zigcina, njengomthetho, ngamunye ngamunye. Ngisho nasemhlabeni, bazama ukuqamba amanga kude nobabili, okuhluka kakhulu kwamanye amalungu omndeni, abaphumulayo, banamathela ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Empeleni, ngokulangazelela ukuba wedwa kanye nokuzimela, lezi zinhlaka zabizwa ngokuthi “izindela”.
I-Hawaiiian seal idla izinhlanzi, kanye nama-cephalopod kanye nama-crustaceans, kufaka phakathi ama-lobster. Emini imvamisa ayisebenzi, idla ebusuku. Mhlawumbe lokhu kumsiza ukuthi agweme ukushisa ngokweqile emanzini afudumele aseHawaii, njengoba ungqimba lwamafutha akhe alunjalo nangaphansi kwezihlobo zakhe ezingavuthiwe.
Izihlahla zamonki zaseHawaii zizalela eziyisishiyagalombili kweziqhingi eziyisishiyagalolunye zaseNyakatho neNtshonalanga Hawaiian - uchungechunge lwamakhorali ama-coral kanye nama-islets amatshe olule amakhilomitha ayi-1,600 ukusuka eziqhingini eziphakathi nendawo zaseHawaii.
Isikhathi sokukhanywa asisho ukuthi: ukuzala izingane kungenzeka unyaka wonke, kepha ikakhulukazi ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingu-14-17 kg. Umama umupha ubisi amasonto angama-5-6, kuze kube yilapho ithole selifinyelela isisindo esingama-60-75 kg.
Abesifazane bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-4-8, abesilisa kungekudala.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-monki seal saseHawaii yiminyaka engama-25-30.
I-Etymology
AbaseHawaii abadumile bathanda 'Ilio-Golo-i-Wahuo , noma "inja ewela emanzini anezinkinga," igama layo lesayensi liqhamuka kuHugo Schauinsland, usosayensi waseJalimane owathola ugebhezi eLaysan Island ngo-1899. Igama laso elijwayelekile livela ezinweleni ezimfishane ekhanda, kuthiwa lifana nemonki. Izimpawu zezindela zaseHawaii zamukelwa njengezilwane zasolwandle zaseHawaii.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Abesifazane be-Hawaiiian monk seal banesikhathi esengeziwe sokuzalwa kwengane kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Agasti ngesilinganiso esiphakeme ngo-Ephreli - Meyi. Ubude bezingane abasha buba ngu-125 cm, isisindo esingu-16 kg. I-hairline emnyama ethambile emavikini angama-3-5 ngemuva kokuzalwa ithathelwa indawo yisiliva-grey-blue emhlane nesiliva-mhlophe esiswini. Abesifazane baletha amawundlu, ngokusobala, kube kanye eminyakeni emibili. Ukulinyazwa kwezimpawu zamanzi kwenzeka kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube nguNovemba, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokufuduka
Abathengisi beMonki bangamalungu ePhocidae. Ephepheni elinomthelela ngo-1977, uRepenning noRay baphakamise, ngokususelwa kwezinye izinto ezingabalulekanga, ukuthi zaziyizimpawu zokuqala ezibukhoma. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono, njengoba ugcwele ngokuphelele.
Ukuze wazise umphakathi futhi ulondoloze uphawu, iNational Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Service iye yathuthukisa ukulandelana kwezikhathi zezwe ukukhombisa ukuthi iziQhingi zaseHawaii bekuyikhaya lezimpawu zasendlini ngezigidi zeminyaka nokuthi uphawu lukhona. Imininingwane ikhombisa izimpawu zokugcina uphawu - izindela ezihamba ziye eHawaii phakathi kweminyaka eyi-4-11 yezigidi ezedlule (Mya) ngokusebenzisa indawo evulekile yamanzi phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu Melika ebizwa ngeCentral America SEAWAY. I-Isthmus yasePanama yavala umgwaqo cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezintathu edlule.
UBerta noSumich babuza ukuthi le nhlobo yafika kanjani eziqhingini zaseHawaii lapho izihlobo zayo eziseduze zingaphesheya kwezwe eNorth Atlantic naseLwandle iMedithera. Lezi zinhlobo kungenzeka ukuthi zavela ePacific noma e-Atlantic, kodwa noma kunjalo, zeza eHawaii kudala ngaphambi kwamaPolynesia okuqala.
Habitat
Iningi labantu baseHawaii abangama-monk seal bangatholakala eduze naseziqhingini ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeHawaii, kodwa inani elincane futhi elikhulayo lihlala eduze kwesiqhingi esikhulu saseHawaii. Lezi zivalo zisebenzisa ingxenye yesithathu yesikhathi sazo olwandle. Ama-monk seals asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo sokudla emanzini ajulile ngaphandle kwamachibi angafishi angajulile kumazinga angama-300 metres (160 sazheni) noma ngaphezulu. Izinyoni zasolwandle zaseHawaii zizalela futhi zikhiphe esihlabathini, amadwala amakhorali namadwala aqhuma intaba-mlilo, izindishi ezinesihlabathi zivame ukusetshenziselwa imidlwane. Ngenxa yebanga elikhulu elihlukanisa iziQhingi zaseHawaii kusuka kwezinye izixuku zomhlaba ezingasekela uphawu lwe-monki yaseHawaii, indawo yokuhlala yalo ilinganiselwe eziqhingini zaseHawaii.
Ukunikezela
I-Hawaiiian seal - imonki ikakhulukazi ihlasela endaweni yezinhlanzi zasendle, kepha futhi inyathela kuma-cephalopods kanye nama-crustaceans. Zombili izingane ezincane kanye nabadala abancane bathimba kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezincane ze-octopus ezifana I-Octopus leteus futhi O. hawaiiensis , ebusuku ama-octopus nama-eels kunezimpawu ezindala zezindela zaseHawaii, kuyilapho izindikimba ezindala zidla kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ze-octopus, njenge O. Cyanea . Izinsika zemonki zaseHawaii zinokudla okubanzi nokuhlukahlukene ngenxa yokudla okwenziwa ngamapulasitiki, okuwavumela ukuba abe izisulu ezinamathuba ezidla inyamazane ehlukahlukene kakhulu etholakalayo.
Indela yasolwandle yaseHawaii ingabamba umoya wayo imizuzu engama-20 futhi igxume ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-1800, kodwa-ke, ijwayele ukwehla ngesilinganiso imizuzu eyi-6 ekujuleni okungaphansi kwamamitha angama-200 ukondla ezansi olwandle.
Ukuzala
Imonki yaseHawaii ibopha umlingani emanzini ngesikhathi sokuzalela, esenzeka phakathi kukaJuni no-Agasti. Izinsikazi zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka emine futhi zibe nengalo eyodwa ngonyaka. Umbungu uthatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ukukhula, kusukela ekuzalweni, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Imidlwane iqala cishe ngamakhilogremu ayi-16 (amakhilogremu angama-35) kanye nemitha eyi-1 (amamitha ama-3 amayintshi ubude). Bangaba nengane eyi-1 000 ngonyaka.
Amacuba azalwa emabhishi futhi anakekelwa cishe amasonto ayisithupha. Umama akadli noma ashiye umdlwane ngenkathi edla. Emva kwalokho, umama ushiya umdlwane, amshiye kuye, abuyele olwandle ukuyokondla okokuqala ngqa selokhu ifikile ingane.
Isimo
Indlovukazi yasolwandle yaseHawaii isongelwa, yize izinhlobo zayo zohlobo lomzala ziyimonki ( M. Monachus ) akuvamile kakhulu, futhi uphawu lweCaribbean luyindela ( M. tropicalis ), okugcina ukubonwa ngo-1950 kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni njengokuphela emhlabeni ngoJuni ka-2008, inani eliphelele lezimpawu zaseHawaii - izindela ziyancipha - inani elikhulu labantu abahlala eziqhingini ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga liyancipha ngenkathi inani labantu lilincane eziqhingini eziphambili zaseHawaii. Ngo-2010, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi kwasala abantu abayi-1,100 kuphela. Ukuqagelwa kwakamuva ngonyaka we-2016, obekubandakanya inhlolovo ephelele ephelele yabantu abancane, bekungabantu abangaba ngu-1,400.
Izimpawu zasendlini zacishe zanyamalala eziqhingini eziphambili zaseHawaii, kodwa inani labantu laqala ukululama. Inani labantu elikhulayo lalingaba ngu-150 ngonyaka we-2004 kwathi abangama-300 ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2016. Abantu babonwa ezindaweni ezihamba ngamabhishi nasemabhishi eKaua'i, Ni'ihau naseMaui. Umphakathi wokuzithandela e-O'ahu wenza imibiko eminingi engahlosiwe yokuqoshwa kwebhulogi kulesi siqhingi kusukela ngo-2008. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2010, kwavalwa izindikimba ezimbili ogwini oludumile lwe-Wa'aiki e-O'ahu. Izimpawu zivulwa ku-O'ahu's Turtle Bay, iphinde ifike eWaikiki ngoMashi 4, 2011 eMoana Hotel. Omunye umuntu osemdala weza olwandle ezophumula eduze kwasefulethini eKapiolani Waikiki Park ekuseni ngo-December 11, 2012, ngemuva kohambo lokuqala olubonakalayo olusentshonalanga ekuphumeni komhlanga kusuka e-aquarium yepaki. NgoJuni 29, 2017 seal - indela # RH58 eyaziwa nge- "Rocky" yazala umdlwana ebhishi laseKaimana elibheke eKapiolan Park. Yize ibhishi leKaimana lithandwa futhi limatasatasa, uRocky ubelokhu ehudulwa njalo kuleli bhishi iminyaka eminingana. Ngo-2006, kwazalwa imidlwane eyishumi nambili ukusuka eziqhingini ezinkulu zaseHawaii, yakhuphuka yaba ishumi nantathu ngonyaka ka-2007, kanye neshumi nesishiyagalombili ngonyaka ka-2008. Kusukela ngo-2008, amagundane angama-43 abalwa eziqhingini eziphambili zaseHawaii. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2012, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphambili, kube nemininingwane eminingi engaqinisekisiwe mayelana nezimpawu zamanzi - ukungenisa izingodo eCaen yase-O'ahu.
Imonki eyisidina yaseHawaii yaqokwa ngokusemthethweni njengohlobo olusengozini ngoNovemba 23, 1976, futhi manje isivikelwe ngaphansi komthetho i-Endangered Species Act kanye neMarine Mammal Protection Act. Akukho emthethweni ukubulala, ukubamba noma ukuhlasela uphawu lwaseHawaii - indela. Noma ngabe kunalezi zivikelo, okwenziwa ngabantu ogwini lweHawaii entekenteke (nomhlaba wonke) kusanikeza abacindezeli abaningi.
Izinsongo
Izinto zemvelo ezisongela uphawu lwendlovukazi yaseHawaii zifaka amanani aphansi okusinda ezinsizwa, ukwehla kwendawo yokuhlala / inyamazane ehlobene nezinguquko zemvelo, ukwanda kobudlova besilisa, kanye nobudlelwano bocansi abalandelayo. Umthelela owenziwe ngumuntu noma wobuntu ufaka ukuzingela (phakathi kweminyaka yama-1800 no-1900s) nedamu elincane eliphumela, okuqhubeka ukuthukuthela kwabantu, ukubamba imfucumfucu yasolwandle, kanye nokusebenzisana kwezokudoba.
Izinsongo zemvelo
Izinga eliphansi lokusinda kwentsha liyaqhubeka nokusongela izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukufa kwabantu abasha okuphezulu ngenxa yokubulawa yindlala nokungcola kwasolwandle. Okunye okwenza amazinga aphansi okusinda kwezingane ukuqagela kusuka koshaka, kufaka phakathi oshaka. Iningi lezimpawu zamakhosi ezivuthiwe zithwala izibazi zoshaka, kanye nokunye ukuhlaselwa okunjalo.
Ukuncipha kwenqwaba yezinyamazane kungaholela endlaleni, ngesinye isizathu ukwehliswa kwendawo ehlobene nezinguquko zemvelo. IHabitat iyawohloka ngenxa yokuguguleka kweziqhingi ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeHawaii, ukunciphisa usayizi weziqhingi / amabhishi. Ama-lobsters, ukudla okuthandwayo kwezimpawu zasendle ngaphandle kwenhlanzi, kwaphela. Ukuncintisana okuvela kwezinye izisulu ze-apex ezinjengoshaka, izidleke kanye ne-barracudas kushiya incane ekuthuthukisweni kwezinyane. Ukwakha iPapahanaumokuakeo equkethe lezi ziqhingi kungandisa ukwandiswa kokudla.
Ukubheja ukuzijwayeza phakathi kwezimpawu zokubopha, okubandakanya abesilisa abaningana Ukuhlasela insikazi eyodwa emizamweni yokuphelisa. Ukubhuntsha kunecala lokufa kwabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane.
Ukuhlaselwa kushiya umuntu oqondisiwe enamanxeba akhulisa ubungozi be-septicemia, ebulala isisulu ngesifo. Izidlanzana ezinamathuba amaningi okuthi zizwe nokuthuthumela ngenxa yezilinganiso eziphakeme zamadoda nabesifazane kanye nolaka lwabesilisa. Ubudlelwano bezocansi obungenakulinganiswa kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu abakhula kancane kancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo zangemva kokufika kwesidumbu kwezinye zezimpawu zezidumbu ziveze ukuthi izilonda zesisu zibangelwa izilonda.
Umthelela we-anthropogenic
Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, inani elikhulu lezimpawu zabulawa whalers kanye sealants for inyama, uwoyela nesikhumba. Amasosha ase-US awazingela phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ahlala eLaysan Island naseMidway.
Isigaxa semonki saseHawaii sinendawo ephansi kakhulu yokuhlukahluka kofuzo phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyi-18 zepinnipeds. Ukuhlukahluka kofuzo okuphansi okunjalo kuthiwa kubangelwa inani labantu elincane elabangelwa ukuzingela kakhulu ngekhulu le-19. Lokhuhlukahluka kofuzo okulinganiselwe kunciphisa amandla ezinhlobo ukuzivumelanisa nengcindezi yemvelo futhi kubeke umkhawulo ekukhetheni kwemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ingozi yokuqothulwa. Ngokukhishwa kwesibalo esincane seMonk Seal, imiphumela yalesi sifo ingaba yingozi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-monk kungathinteka yi-toxoplasmosis pathogen emgodini wamakati, ongena olwandle ekukhuculweni kwendle namanzi angcolile, into entsha. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, i-toxoplasmosis ibulale okungenani izimpawu eziyisithupha. Amanye ama-pathogen angenise i-anthropogenic, kufaka phakathi i-leptospirosis, athelele nge-monk seal.
Ukuphazanyiswa kwabantu kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kubantu baseHawaii abangama-monk seal. Isilo semonki, njengomthetho, ukuze kugwenywe amabhishi lapho aqala khona ukuhlukunyezwa, ngemuva kokuphulwa njalo kophawu, angalushiya ngokuphelele ugu, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise usayizi wokuhlala kwalo, abese evimba ukwanda kwabantu. Isibonelo, izixuku ezinkulu zebhishi nezakhiwo zebhishi zikhawulela indawo lapho kuhlala khona uphawu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izisekelo zamasosha eMpi Yezwe Yesibili eziqhingini ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga zavalwa, umsebenzi omncane womuntu ungaba owanele ukuphazamisa inhlobo.
Izindawo zokudoba zasolwandle zingaxhumana nezimpawu zasolwandle ngobudlelwano obuqondile nangokungaqondile. Ukuphrinta ngokuqondile kungabanjwa ngemishini yokudoba, kufakwe emgqonyeni kadoti olahliwe, kuze kwenqabe nokudla izinhlanzi. Yize umthetho wamazwe omhlaba wenqabela ukulahla udoti ngamabomu emikhunjini yolwandle, ukweluka kuyaqhubeka kubangela ukufa, njengoba izimbotshana zibanjiswa emfucumfucwini wasolwandle engahlosile enjengamanethi okuloba futhi angakwazi ukungena noma aze afike phezulu ukuze aphefumule. Izimpawu zasolwandle zeMonki zingenye yamanani aphakeme kakhulu okufakiwe okubhalwe phansi kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zamaphinipidi.
Ukongiwa
Ngo-1909, uMongameli Theodore Roosevelt wadala i-Hawaiian Islands Reservation, eyayihlanganisa iziQhingi zaseHawaii zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga. Ukubhuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba yiHawaii National Wildlife Refuge (HINWR) futhi kwaba ngaphansi komthetho we-United States Fish and Game (USFWS). Kuyo yonke iminyaka yama-1980s, abakwaNational Marine Fisheries Service baqedela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesitatimende esisodwa somthelela wemvelo obeka iziqhingi zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga zaseHawaii njengendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yophawu lwaseHawaii - indela. Isakhiwo sakwenqabela ukudotshwa kwama-lobster emanzini angaphansi kwama-fathoms angaphansi kwe-10 enyakatho nentshonalanga yeHawaii nangamakhilomitha angama-20 a-nautical eLaysan Island.INational Marine Fisheries Service iqoke zonke izindawo zasolwandle, amadamu amanzi, kanye namanzi olwandle ngokujula kwama-fathoms ayi-10 (ngemuva kwama-20 Fathoms) azungeze iziqhingi ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeHawaii, ngaphandle kweqembu elilodwa leMidway, iSand Island. Ngo-2006, isimemezelo SikaMongameli sasungula iPapahanaumokuakea, ehlanganisa iNyakatho Ntshonalanga Yase-Hawaiian Ecosystem Coral Reef Reserve, iMidway National Wildlife Refuge, i-Hawaiiian National Wildlife Refuge, kanye neMpi Yezwe Lesikhumbuzo Sasemgwaqweni, ngaleyo ndlela yakha indawo evikelekile yasolwandle enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nokunikela nge-Hawaiian seal monk ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
I-NOAA itshalwa yinethiwekhi yamavolontiya ukuvikela izisetshenziswa ngenkathi efudumeza, noma ibhere nomhlengikazi besebancane. I-NOAA ixhasa ucwaningo olubalulekile ngokuguquguquka kwenani labantu nempilo ngokubambisana ne-Marine Mammal Center.
Ukusuka ku-NOAA, kwenziwa izinhlelo nezinhlelo eziningi ukusiza i-Hawaiian seal monon. Izinhlelo zomphakathi ezinjengoPiro zisize ukuthuthukisa amazinga omphakathi wezimpawu zasolwandle zaseHawaii - indela. Uhlelo lolu futhi lwakha inethiwekhi nabantu baseHawaii kulesi siqhingi, inethiwekhi yabantu abaningi abalwayo ukusindisa izimpawu. IMammal Network Response Marine (MMRN) ngokubambisana ne-NOAA nezinye izinhlaka eziningi zikahulumeni ezisebenzisana nokuphila komhlaba nasolwandle.
Uhlelo Lokuvuselela Seal lwaseHawaiiian - Monk ikhomba umphakathi nezemfundo njengezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokusiza ukugcina uphawu lwendlovukazi yaseHawaii nendawo yalo yokuhlala.
Ukuze kuqwashiswe ngalolu hlobo lwesimo esinzima, ngoJuni 11, 2008, umthetho wombuso wamisa uphawu lwaseHawaii - indela, efana neHawaii "umbuso osemthethweni uMammal s.
Inselelo ukuthola indlela yokwenza lula ukuthi yini engenzeka, engabizi kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe yokwandisa ukubuyiselwa ku-organic (ngokuya amandla wokukhula) ngaphambi kokuthi kudlule isikhathi esiningi, futhi izimo zemvelo zivumela ososayensi ukuthi babone imiphumela.
Ukuvikela Abesifazane Puppy
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukwanda kwemvelo yabantwana yisimo sokukhetha ubulili besilisa, okuholela ekonyukeni kokuziphatha okunjengokuhlaselwa. Lokhu kuziphatha okunolaka kunciphisa isibalo sabantu besifazane esintwini. Izinhlelo ezimbili ziyasebenza ukusiza amazinga okusinda kwabesifazane.
Iphrojekthi yokubekwa kwamakhanda yaqalwa ngonyaka we-1981, iqoqa futhi imaka imidlwane yabesifazane ngemuva kokulunyulwa bese ibabeka endaweni enkulu, ebiyelwe ngamanzi nogu ngokudla nokungabikho kokuphazamiseka. Izinsikazi zihlala imidlwane phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, okuphumela cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ubudala.
Omunye umsebenzi wasungulwa ngonyaka we-1984 yiFrance Frigate Shoals. Wabutha imidlwane yabesifazane kakhulu, wababeka endaweni yokuvikela, wabondla. Abancane bathuthelwa eKure Atoll futhi badedelwa.
Ezinye izindawo zokuhlala zilungele kangcono ukwandisa amathuba okusinda, okwenza i-RELOCATION ibe yindlela ethandwayo nethembisayo. Noma kungekho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwezifo ezithathelanayo kanye nezinga lokufa okutholakele, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingaziwa zingaba yingozi ezinhlelweni zokufuduka. Ukukhonjwa kanye nokunciphisa lokhu kanye nezinye izinto ezinganciphisa ukukhula kwesibalo sezinkinga ezikhona futhi kuyimisebenzi esemqoka yemizamo yaseHawaii yokulindisa nokubuyisela uphawu lwendela.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ubheke omama bondla imidlwane yabo. Ukuphrinta ubisi kucebile kakhulu ngezakhi zomzimba, okuvumela imidlwane ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha. Ngobisi olunothile oluvela kumama, imveku kungenzeka ukuthi iphindwe kasine isisindo sayo sokuqala ngaphambi kokulunyulwa. I-mama seal nayo ilahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu ngesikhathi sokudla.
Iphrojekthi Yesitatimende Somthelela Wezemvelo
Ngo-2011, abakwaNational Marine Fisheries Service bakhipha isitatimende senqubomgomo yemvelo esiyimpikiswano eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kwe-monk seal. Uhlelo lufaka:
- Ucwaningo oluthuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obunjengamakhamera akude kanye nendiza engahlosiwe, elawulwa kude.
- Izifundo zokugoma kanye nezinhlelo zokugoma.
- Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ukuthuthukisa ukusinda kwentsha.
- Ukuthuthela eziqhingini zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga zaseHawaii.
- Izithako zokudla eziteshini zokondla enyakatho nentshonalanga yeHawaii.
- Amathuluzi wokushintsha ukuxhumana okungafuneki nabantu kanye negiya lokudoba eziqhingini eziphambili zaseHawaii.
- Ushintsho lwamakhemikhali ekuziphatheni okunolaka kwesibonakaliso semonki.
Esiqhingini saseRussiaky, abantu abanganaki baqala umkhankaso wokusiza izingane, futhi ngokunembile, abancane be-largha seal.
Esiqhingini saseRussiaky, abantu abanganaki baqala umkhankaso wokusiza izingane, futhi ngokunembile, abancane be-largha seal. Ngesikhathi kunesivunguvungu, ulwandle lwamphonsa ogwini. Isilwane esilimele futhi esingasizakali, ngamathuba, satholakala izakhamizi zendawo. Abosizo lokuqala enganeni enezinyanga ezintathu nayo yanikezwa iqembu labasebenza ngefilimu i-NTV.
Ukubika Umlobi we-NTV u-Igor Sorokin.
Inkonyane ebonwe icishe yahlaselwa izinja ezidukelayo. Ogwini lweRussiaky Island, abantu bendawo bamthola. Bengazi ukuthi bazokwenzenjani ngalesi silwane, bacele usizo ezwenikazi nakubakhi, abathi, ngokwethusi, manje sebesakha i-aquarium entsha kule ndawo.
U-Evgeny Polukhin, ummeleli wenhlangano yezokwakha: “Isixuku sabantu sasimile siseduze kwakhe, ababukele benamakhamera. Isilwane sasicindezelekile. Ngokusobala, akazange ababone abantu abaningi kangaka. ”
Ofakazi bokuzibonela bathi izimbumbulu zahlanzwa ngasogwini lapho kunesivunguvungu. Kwaphinde kwavunyelwa inkonyane ukuthi ingangeni emanzini nganoma iyiphi indlela ngamagagasi aphezulu nokulimala akuthole lapho ishaywa emadwaleni.
UVladimir Sirenko, osebenzela olwandle olwandle: “Uma ubheka ngokucophelela, isicwebezeli esifanele silimale kancane. Manje ngiyalulama. ”
Ososayensi kanye nabatakuli bakhipha isinqumo sabo ngaso leso sikhathi: isiguli sidinga ukuphumula kombhede. Bakha indlu ekhethekile yezimpawu zamanzi futhi banquma ukuyithumela esibhedlela esiseduze.
Okwamanje, imoto yabasebenzi be-NTV yaphenduka i-ambulensi yesiguli esingajwayelekile. Izintatheli zivolontiye ukuletha lolu phawu oluncane esikhungweni sokuvuselela izilwanyana zasolwandle, esendaweni engaphansi kweVladivostok. Kulapho-ke lapho abasunguli bezokwamukelwa khona bezokwelashwa futhi bazomnika usizo lokuqala.
Ochwepheshe balesi sikhungo babeka uphawu endaweni ebiyelwe ehlukile, bahlole isiguli futhi bafaka amanothi okuqala emlandweni wezokwelapha. Ingane ine-dislocation of the rightipipters, ukoma kakhulu, umkhuhlane kanye nokuphelelwa amandla.
Umsebenzi wesikhungo: "Isisindo esijwayelekile se-seal yezinyanga ezintathu kufanele sibe ngamakhilogremu angama-20. Inamakhilogremu ayi-10. "
Ngokubambisana nokuxilongwa, odokotela banquma ubulili bengane, bayiqamba igama lokuthi uRuslan, banikeza umuthi wokuqala futhi basala bayophumula.
U-Olga Kazimirova, osebenzela i-Seal Center for Regencyiting of Marine Mammals: "Besingazihluphi ngokuvikela ingcindezi. Ngakho-ke, ngeke sifike lapha, sizocela izinqubo zokuzondliwa. ”
Lapho eboshwe khona odokotela, usengumuntu ogulayo - imvukuzane yengane egama linguFenya. Emasontweni amabili edlule, utholakale futhi ogwini lolwandle esesimweni esingenakusiza ngalutho.
Umsebenzi wesikhungo: “Bheka, isikhafu. Lokhu ukulunywa yinja. Imihlathi ilimele. Futhi lesi silwane asikwazanga ukudla isikhashana. ”
Manje uFenya usethole amandla futhi manje uyakwazi ukuthatha hhayi amavithamini kuphela. Isibonelo, okubizwa nge-herring kulungiselelwe yena ngokukhethekile. Lesi siguli singase sikulungele ngenyanga ukukhipha esikhungweni bese sibuyela entweni yaso yendabuko.