I-squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika (lat. Glaucomys sabrinus) ungowomndeni we-squirrel, ohlukile kwesikwele esijwayelekile esenziwe ulwelwesi lwesikhumba phakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili neyasemuva. I-squirrel yaseMelika ezindizayo iyisilwane sasebusuku, ngakho-ke ihlukaniswa ngamehlo amakhulu, isimilo sezilwane ezihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku.

Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba okungajwayelekile, squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika ayikwazi nje ukundiza isuka esihlahleni iye kwesinye, ngaleyondlela ithole inzuzo ngaphezulu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, kepha futhi yenze nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe: hhayi nje uhlelo, kepha ngomqondo ophelele wegama elithi fly - yenza ukuqondisisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, izwe kulokho indawo efanayo lapho yaqala khona, yenza okuthile okufana nokubhalwa kwomoya. Ibanga lelo squirrel ezindizayo laseMelika elingalimboza ekundizeni ngesikhathi luqabukela ladlula i-60 m.

Isakhiwo somzimba esimangazayo - amathambo e-crescent angeziwe, aqala esihlakaleni sesilwane, avumele isikwati esidlekayo saseMelika ukuba sizizwe sithembekile emoyeni nangaphezu kwesihlahla naphansi. Ngesikhathi lapho i-squirrel ezindizayo ingekho endizeni, ulwelwesi luqinisiwe futhi aluvimbeli ekuhambeni.

Kepha phakathi kokugxuma, squirrel endizayo inethuba lokulawula indiza ngokuhambisa imilenze yangaphambili futhi iguqule i-angle ye-membrane. Kwakunjalo ukuthi umqwayizi ondizayo enze amaqhinga akhe ngenxa yomsila omkhulu futhi osebenza kakhulu, kepha akubanga kudala kakhulu ukuthi kufakazelwe ukuthi lokhu akunjalo - lesi silwane singancipha kuphela ngomsila waso.

I-squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika ihlala phezulu emiqheleni yezihlahla, ngezikhathi ezithile zehlela emhlabathini. Isilwane asinambulelo ekudleni, futhi sidla "ekuhambeni" - amantongomane angavamile kanye namajikijolo amnandi kakhulu ahlonishwa ukuba adluliselwe emgodini.

Ngenkathi ebandayo, afika aqondana - isikwati esidla izindiza saseMelika ngesinye isikhathi siphuma lapho sishubile, sidle futhi silale futhi. Isimo sezulu esifudumele, squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika ihlukanisa ukudla kwayo nezinambuzane, kubandakanya izicabucabu. Imvamisa, kudliwa izinso, amahlumela ezitshalo, izithelo nembewu yezitshalo, amakhowe nama-lichens.

Uma ngesizini efudumele i-squirrel yaseMelika ezindizayo iyisizungu esidabukisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane zithanda ukubuthana ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-25, zifudumale zodwa phakathi nesikhathi sokubandza umoya noma usuku lokuhlangana. I-squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika ifukama kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, njengomthetho, isidingo esinjalo asiveli njalo ebusika.

Izinyoni ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi izikhova, ziyingozi enkulu kuma-squirrel ezindizayo. Uma ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama zingabamba isilwane esidlekayo, khona-ke izikhova zibamba ama-squirrel ezindizayo endizeni, zigxile ngokuphelele ekuzweni ngisho nasebumnyameni ngokuphelele. I-squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika ivikela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo amandla okundiza amabanga amade.

Ama-cube kuma-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika avela ngosuku lwe-40 ngemuva kokukhwelana. Njengomthetho, kowesifazane oyedwa kuzalwa amazinyane angama-2-3. Ngokumangazayo, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, izingane zindiza ziqondiswa ngunina! Uma kwenzeka wehluleka, umama ubasiza ukuba bagibele babuyela esihlahleni, abafundise amasu okundiza, abafundise ukuthi bangakuthola kanjani ukudla. Seziqinisile, futhi zifunde ukundiza, amawundlu azohlala nonina futhi amphelezele ukuphuma ebusuku kuze kube sebusika obulandelayo.

I-squirrel: incazelo nesithombe

I-squirrel ejwayelekile inomzimba omude, umsila we-fluffy nezindlebe ezinde. Izindlebe zes squirrel zikhulu futhi zide, kwesinye isikhathi zinamakhwela ekugcineni. Amachaphaza aqinile, anezigaqa eziqinile futhi ezibukhali. Ngenxa yama-paws ayo aqinile, izinduku zigibela izihlahla kalula.

I-squirrel yabantu abadala inomsila omkhulu, owenza 2/3 womzimba wonke futhi usebenza "njengevili" layo endizeni. Ubamba leyo mifudlana yomoya namabhalansi. Futhi, ama-squirrels asibekela umsila wawo lapho elele. Lapho ukhetha umlingani, enye yezindlela eziphambili yiyona ngqo nomsila. Lezi zilwane zilinaka kakhulu leli ngxenye yomzimba wazo, ngumsila wesigcawu okuyisinkomba sempilo yaso.

Ubukhulu bekwelekazi eliphakathi lingamasentimitha angama-20-31. Amaprotheni amakhulu aqukethe cishe ama-50 cm, kanti ubude bomsila alingana nobude bomzimba. I-squirrel encane kunazo zonke, igundane, inobude bomzimba obungu-6-7,5 cm kuphela.

Ijazi le-squirrel lihlukile ebusika nasehlobo, ngoba lesi silwane sincibilika kabili ngonyaka. Ebusika, isembozo soboya buyimfushane futhi siminyene, futhi ehlobo simfushane futhi sinqabile. Umbala we-squirrel awufani, unombala onsundu omnyama, ucishe waba mnyama, ubomvu nompunga nge-tummy emhlophe. Ehlobo, ama-squirrel abomvu kakhulu, kanti ebusika, ijazi lithola umbala onsomi.

Ama-squirrel abomvu ane-brown or olive olive ebomvu. Ehlobo, umugqa omude omude uvela ezinhlangothini zawo, uhlukanisa isisu nomhlane. Ngokwe-tummy naseduze kwamehlo, uboya bukhanya.

Ama-squirrels anama-squirrels ezinhlangothini zomzimba, phakathi kwezihlakala nasemaqakaleni kukhona ulwelwesi lwesikhumba olubavumela ukuba bahlele.

Ama-squirrel ama-dwarf ane-fur noma grey brown emhlane nokukhanya esiswini.

Izinhlobo zama-squirrels, amagama nezithombe

Umndeni we-squirrel ufaka i-48 genera, enezinhlobo ezingama-280. Ngezansi amanye amalungu omndeni:

• I-squirrel ejwayelekile ezindizayo
• I-squirrel emhlophe
• Igundane lesigundane
• I-squirrel ejwayelekile noma isihogo ukuphela kommeleli we-squus squus eRussia.

Elincane kunazo zonke i-squirrel yegundane. Ubude bawo buyi-6-7,5 cm kuphela, kanti ubude bomsila bufika ku-5 cm.

Ihlala kuphi i-squirrel?

IC squirrel isilwane esihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Australia, Madagaska, izindawo ezinamakhaza, eningizimu neNingizimu Melika nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Ama-squirrels ahlala eYurophu esuka e-Ireland aye eScandinavia, emazweni amaningi e-CIS, e-Asia Minor, ngokwengxenye eSyria nase-Iran, enyakatho yeChina. Futhi, lezi zilwane zihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, iziqhingi zaseTrinidad naseTobago.
I-squirrel ihlala emahlathini ahlukahlukene: ukusuka enyakatho kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo. Uchitha iningi lokuphila kwakhe ezihlahleni, ekhuphuka ngokuphelele futhi eqa egatsheni eya kwelinye. Imisuka yama-squirrels nayo ingatholakala eduze namachibi. Futhi, lamagundane ahlala eduze kwendoda eseduze nomhlaba olimekayo nasemapaki.

Adlani ama-squirrel?

Ngokuyisisekelo, amaprotheni adla amantongomane, ama-acorns, imbewu ye-conifers: larch, fir. Ukudla kwesilwane kufaka amakhowe kanye okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kokutshala ukudla, ingondla amabhungane ahlukahlukene, amaphuphu wezinyoni. Ngokuhluleka kwezitshalo nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, i-squirrel idla ama-buds ezihlahleni, ama-lichen, amajikijolo, amagxolo amahlumela amasha, ama-rhizomes nezitshalo ezi-herbaceous.

Squirrel ebusika. Ngabe squirrel ilungela kanjani ubusika?

Lapho i-squirrel ilungiselela ubusika, yenza izindawo eziningi zokukhosela ezitokisini zayo. Uqoqa ama-acorns, amantongomane namakhowe, angafihla ukudla emigodini, kwizimbobo noma abambe izimbobo ngokwakhe. Amasheya amaningi ebusika agqitshwa ezinye izilwane. Futhi ama-squirrels akhohlwa nje ngezindawo ezithile zokucasha. Isilwane sisiza ukubuyisela ihlathi ngemuva komlilo futhi sandisa inani lezihlahla ezintsha. Kungenxa yokukhohlwa kwama-squirrels ukuthi amantongomane afihliwe nembewu imila bese yakheka amasimu amasha. Ebusika, squirrel alilali, ngoba selilungiselele ukuhanjiswa kokudla ekwindla. Ngesikhathi seqhwa, uhlala emgodini wakhe, njengoba elele. Uma isithwathwa sincane, i-squirrel iyasebenza: ingaphanga ama-cache, ama-chipmunks namantongomane zikaphayini, ithola inyamazane ingaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa elilodwa nesigamu.

Squirrel entwasahlobo

Intwasahlobo yokuqala yisikhathi esingathandeki kakhulu kuma-squirrels, ngakho-ke ngalesi sikhathi izilwane azinalutho oludliwayo. Imbewu ethengisiwe iqala ukumila, kodwa okusha ayikabonakali. Ngakho-ke, amaprotheni angadla kuphela izinso ezihlahleni futhi aqubule amathambo ezilwane ezife ebusika. Ama-squirrels ahlala eduze komuntu avame ukuvakashela abondli bezinyoni ngethemba lokuthola imbewu nezinhlamvu lapho. Entwasahlobo, ama-squirrels aqala ukuncibilika, lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi no-Mashi, bese kuthi ukuncibilika kuphele ngoMeyi. Futhi entwasahlobo, ama-squirrels aqala imidlalo yokuzalela.

Amahlathi ethu acebile ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi namagundane. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabo akulula kangako ukuhlangana ne-flying rodent, okungukuthi squirrel ezindizayo. Nguye kuphela omele ama-squirrels akwazi ukwenza izindiza ezindizayo endaweni yeRussia Federation. Ikhono lokugxuma phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla zezihlahla kahle kangaka kungenxa yolwelwesi phakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili nangemuva.

Ngokubukeka, i-a icishe ifane nommeleli we-"red-tailed", okungukuthi, i-squirrel. Ihlukaniswa kuphela yisibalo esikhulu sesikhumba ngesembozo soboya. Lolu uhlobo lwe-parachute futhi ngasikhathi sinye indawo ethwele lapho igxuma. Ngaphambili, isibaya “sinamathiselwe” ngebhulashi elijekethwe yisikela kusuka esihlakaleni iye engalweni. Kodwa-ke, ayinazo izicucu ezivela emuva, njengabafowabo. I-squirrel parachute ayixhumani nomsila. I-squirrel endizayo inomsila oqinile futhi omude.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, incane kakhulu kunamaprotheni ajwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba bungaba ngu-12 cm kuphela, kanti ubukhulu obukhulu abudluli ku-28,5 cm. Umsila uqhamuka ku-11 kuye ku-13 cm. Singasho ukuthini ngezinyawo, ezingama-3 cm kuphela, izindlebe, ubukhulu bawo abudluli ngaphezu kuka-2 cm. squirrels ezindizayo kuphela amagremu ayi-170. Ikhanda le-squirrel elihamba kahle licocekile futhi liyindilinga, linekhala elimfushane nangamehlo amnyama amnyama. Ukuma kwamehlo ikakhulu kubangelwa indlela yokuphila yasemini. Izindlebe zama-squirrel azinamakhekhe, futhi imilenze imfushane. Kulokhu, ingemuva lide kunangaphambili. Emilenzeni kukhona amafushane kodwa abukhali ngokwanele angena ngaphakathi. Kunezimbambo ezi-4 zezingono esiswini se-squirrel ezindizayo.

Uboya bale squirrel obukhulu bukhulu futhi buthambile. E-squirrels ejwayelekile, ijazi lincane kakhulu. Lawa ma-jumpers ahlukile ngombala wawo. Izinwele emzimbeni ongaphezulu zimpunga ngombala onsundu, kepha isisu cishe simhlophe. Umsila ulula kakhulu kunokumboza lonke. Kulesi simo, isembozo sinegamu elithile ezinhlangothini. Isembozo esikhulu futhi esihle kunazo zonke sama-squirrel ezindizayo senzeka ebusika. Kepha ancibilike ngokusobala kubafowabo abalula - kabili ngonyaka. Amehlo e-squirrel endizayo athambile, noma kunalokho abe nesifo sokuwa esimnyama.

I-Zoology inezinhlobo eziyi-10 zalezi zilwanyana ezindizayo, eziyisishiyagalombili zazo ezihlala emazweni afuywayo.

I-squirrel ezindizayo iyathanda ukuhlala emahlathini amadala ahlanganisiwe, abonakala ngokuba khona kwe-aspen, i-birch ne-alder. Imvamisa ihlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi nemifudlana. Akayithandi i-jumper yamahlathi e-coniferous. Kepha lapho phakathi kwezihlahla zemisipres namaphayini kukhona i-birch and alder, i-squirrel ingahlala. I-squirrel ezindizayo nayo ingahlala ezintabeni ezinamahlathi akhona asehlathini, kanye nezikhukhula zasezikhukhuleni zasenyakatho, kanye namahlathi amade weSiberia.

Ummeleli wama-squirrels uyasebenza unyaka wonke, kepha ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma phakathi kokuhlwa. Uma isilwane singumama okhulisayo, khona-ke siyakwazi ukubonwa phakathi nosuku. I-squirrel evame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwayo ifuna ukudla. Ngokufanayo kubafowabo abajwayelekile, ihlala emgodini wezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaba yizindlu ezindala ezenziwe ngamapulangwe, izingwejeje, ezingamashumi amane. Kwesinye isikhathi i-squirrel ezindizayo iba nezimpande zamadwala. I-squirrel ibeka phambili kuphela izidingo eziqinile kubo ukuphakama, okungukuthi kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-12 ukusuka emhlabathini. Kuyaqabukela, kepha namanje kunokuxazululwa kwalezi zilwane ezindlini zezinyoni eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu. I-squirrel ennobles indlu yayo nge-moss ethambile, amaqabunga, utshani obomile.

Ama-squirrels angabameleli abanobungane, abangenalo ulaka lomhlaba wezilwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, bangaba ubungani bodwa futhi bangahlala esidlekeni esifanayo nabanye abaqaqa. I-aggression ingamelela kuphela ama-squirrels, avikele inzalo yawo.

Ngenxa yensiza yayo ebulalayo, i-squirrel ingahlela ukusuka esihlahleni kuya kwesinye, ebangeni elingamamitha angama-50-60. Ukuze wenze gxuma, squirrel idinga ukukhuphukela phezulu, bese ibeka imilenze ezinhlangothini ukuze imilenze yangemuva icindezelwe emsileni. Uma ubona indiza enjalo isuka ngaphansi, khona-ke ukwakheka kwengwele kuzofana nonxantathu. I-squirrel ezindizayo ingenza ukugeleza ngenxa yamandla okuqondisa ulwelwesi lwayo. Isilwane singashintsha ama-angles aze afike kuma-90 degrees. Futhi umsila wayo omude we-fluffy esimweni sendiza usebenza njengedivaysi ye-brake.

Ngaphambi kokuba ifike "esihlalweni", i-squirrel ithathe isikhundla esime mpo, bese ibambelela ngawo wonke imilenze yomibili esiqwini sesihlahla. Zizwa ukwesekwa, lo squirrel ondizayo ugijimela ngaphesheya kwesiqu sesiqobelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugwema ukuhlaselwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama.

Ukuba khona kwesilwane ehlathini kunzima kakhulu ukunquma. Umbala wayo uhlangana nomqhele wezihlahla, iminonjana yama-paws ifana kakhulu nokutholakala kwe-squirrel ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, udoti othize ofana nokufakwa iqanda unganikezwa.

I-squirrel ezindizayo ingezwakala ngokushaywa kwayo okuthile.

Ukudla kwesilwane yimifino. Kungaba ukuqhakaza namahlamvu ezihlahla. Thanda i-jumper ngezinaliti ezincane kanye nembewu yayo. Ikakhulu uphayini noma i-larch. I-squirrel ezindizayo iyisilwane esinempilo futhi ibeka imbewu ebusika ekhaya layo. Ibuye igcinwe nge-alder ne-birch catkins. Ehlobo, omele ama-squirrels angadla amakhowe namajikijolo. Akenqabeli ebangeni lezihlahla. Ithebula lokudlela le-squirrel elihlotshiswe ngemichilo ye-willow, i-aspen, i-birch kanye ne-maple young bark. Kuyaqabukela, kepha noma kunjalo, ukudla kwe-squirrel ezindizayo kwenzeka ngamaqanda ezinyoni noma amaphuphu asanda kuvela.

Inzalo yamaprotheni iletha izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka. Kungaba ngama-squirrel ama-2 kuye ku-4. Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa kabusha kwama-springbok akufundiswanga kahle. Izihlobo zokuqala zesilwane zivela entwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli-Meyi), eyesibili maphakathi nehlobo. Amawundlu amancane endiza azalwa amancane futhi awasizi ngalutho. Azinaboya, futhi ziqala ukubona kuphela emva kwamasonto amabili. Ukusuka esidlekeni sama-squirrels aqala ukuphuma kuphela emva kwenyanga nesigamu. Ngosuku lwe-45 bazama ukundiza, futhi ngezinsuku ezingama-50 zokuphila kwabo abahlelayo. Esikhathini esifanayo, baphendukela ekudleni kwabantu abadala futhi baqale ukuba khona kwabo okuzimele.

Impilo yalezi zidalwa ezindizayo endle ayifiki ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu. Ekudingisweni, isikhathi sokuba khona kwabo sisukela eminyakeni engu-9 kuye kweli-13. Lokhu kungenxa yezitha zemvelo - izikhova, ama-martens nezinkomba, kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukwenza isibonelo, emzingela ngendoda.

Ukundiza I-squirrel Hunt

Ngeshwa, bambalwa kakhulu abasebenza ngokundiza abanjalo futhi abazingelayo kulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya bayo abubalulekile. Ukuzingela kuyajabulisa kuphela njengendondo eyigugu futhi engajwayelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, omele ama-squirrels abhekwa njengesinye sezilwane ezindala. Izidumbu zakhe zibhalwe ngesikhathi seMiocene.

I-squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika imele umndeni we-squirrel. I-squirrel ezindizayo yehlukile ku-squirrel ejwayelekile ngoba inezilonda zesikhumba ezeluka kusuka ezinyaweni zangaphambili kuya emilenzeni yangemuva.

Ama-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika aqala indlela yokuphila yobusuku, ngakho-ke anamehlo amakhulu, njengazo zonke izilwane ezijwayela impilo ebumnyameni.

Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba okhethekile, lezi zilwane zihlela ukusuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye, azigcini nje ngokugxuma, kepha ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama zindiza, futhi zingakwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngokwesibonelo, emhlabeni ngasikhathi sinye, ngamagxolo wazo aqala ukundiza kwazo. Indiza yalawa ma-squirrels ingabizwa ngokuthi yi-aerobatics. Endizeni eyodwa, iprotheni ingandiza ibanga elingamamitha angama-60. Ngenxa yaleli khono, ama-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika anezinzuzo ngaphezu kwezitha eziningi.

Amathambo agulayo avela esihlakaleni akuvumela ukuba uzizwe unethemba emoyeni nasebusweni bomhlaba. Lapho i-squirrel isendaweni yayo esejwayelekile, ulwelwesi luqinisiwe, ngakho-ke aluphazamisi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kwesilwane.

Ama-squirrels ezindizayo ama-squirrels angahlela ukusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha.

Ngesikhathi sokugxuma, squirrel ezindizayo yaseMelika ingakwazi ukuqondisa ukunyakaza ngokuhambisa ama-paws angaphambili nangokushintsha i-angle ye-membrane. Phambilini bekucatshangwa ukuthi ukuhamba nomsila omkhulu kusiza izilwane ukwenza amaqhinga, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwacaca ukuthi umsila we-squirrel osindayo usetshenziswa kuphela ukwehlisa ijubane.

Lama-squirrel ahlala phezulu emiqheleni yezihlahla, futhi emhlabathini ahla ngezikhathi ezingavamile.Izilwane azihambelani nokudla, imvamisa zidla ohambeni, futhi kuphela amajikijolo noma amantongomane amnandi kakhulu afihlwe emgodini.

Ebusika, lezi zinqolobane ziyawa, ngendlela, ngoba ama-squirrel ezindizayo kwesinye isikhathi ayavuka ngesikhathi hibernation, aziqinise futhi alale futhi. Ukudla kwe-squirrel endizayo kuqukethe amahlumela ezitshalo, ama-buds, imbewu, ama-lichens, izithelo namakhowe. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, amaprotheni ayengezwa ekudleni kwesitshalo kwezinambuzane, ngisho nezicabucabu.

Ehlobo, ama-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika akhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kodwa ngamakhaza okuqala ahlangana ngamaqembu afinyelela kwabangu-25. Ngemizimba yabo, amaprotheni afudumala phakathi nosuku naphakathi kokukhanya komoya. Izilwane zihlala lapho zibanda kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lehla kakhulu, kepha hhayi ubusika bonke okufanele benziwe.

Izitha zama-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika ayizinyoni ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi izikhova. Uma ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama zibamba izingwejeje ezindizayo lapho zisehlahleni, khona-ke izikhova ziyakwazi ukuzingela impukane, kuyilapho izikhova zigxiliswa yindlebe, okungukuthi, zingazingela ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Ama-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika asindiswa kubantu abahlaselayo ngokundiza amabanga amade.

Ngemuva kokuganiswa kwama-squirrel ezindizayo aseMelika, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, insikazi iba nezingane. Imvamisa, insikazi eyodwa izala ama-squirrel ama-2-3. Izinsana zindiza ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kuyilapho owesimame eziqapha ngokucophelela, uma indiza ingaphumelelanga, khona-ke umama usiza ingane futhi ukuthi ikhuphuke esihlahleni. Umama ufundisa izingane ukuthola ukudla futhi ufundisa izindlela zokundiza. Lapho amawundlu eseqiniswe ngokuphelele futhi eyazi inqubo yokundiza, noma kunjalo awashiyi umama wawo futhi azohlala naye kuze kube sebusika obulandelayo.

Kulesi sigaba, uzofunda ngezinye izici ezijabulisayo zamaprotheni.

Ama-squirrels ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini aseYurophu. Bafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-25, ngakho-ke ngamunye kini angafanela amabili alawa ma-squirrel ezandleni zakho. Lezi zilwane zinomsila obukhulu obumanzi, ofinyelela ubude obukhulu bekwele uqobo. Ngenxa yomsila onjalo, ama-squirrels akwazi ukugxuma esuka esihlahleni esihlahleni aze alahlekelwe.

IZIFUNDO EZIYA KULUNGILE, NGENXA YOKUQHAWULA

Ama-squirrel anamazinyo aqinile futhi anempilo - awafani neze nawethu. Phambi komlomo wamaphrotheni kukhona izinto ezihlephula futhi ziqhekeze izinto ezinzima, kuthi iziqobolondo zitholakala ngemuva komlomo. Uma sifuna ukudla i-nati, ukuze siyiphule, sisebenzisa itshe eliqinile noma into yensimbi eyenziwe ngokukhethekile. Lezi zilwane ezincane ezincane zingavele zenze umsebenzi onjalo kalula nge-incisors yazo.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi aqine kangakanani amazinyo aleli gwele kukho konke impilo yakhe, noma ukuthi leli qwele elinamazinyo aphukile lizokuluma kanjani amantongomane? Imvelo yanikeza amazinyo squirrel impahla eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekile uzokumangaza ukwazi ukuthi uma i-squirrel igqashuka noma amazinyo alo esexutshwa, khona-ke okusha kuyabonakala endaweni yawo. Ukususa amazinyo kuhlala kukhula futhi kusuka ezimpandeni. Le ndawo ayisiwo amaprotheni kuphela, kepha futhi yazo zonke izilwane eziququda ukudla kwazo.

Ama-squirrels angakhuphuka izihlahla esebenzisa izindlakala zazo ezibukhali. I-squirrel ingagijima egatsheni, bese idonsa ibheke phansi bese iqhubekela phambili. Kepha uhlobo olukhethekile lwama-squirrel - ama-squirrel ama-grey - angagxuma ngokukhululeka egatsheni eliphezulu lesihlahla esisodwa aya kwelinye, elisebangeni lamamitha amane. Ngesikhathi endiza, asakaza imilenze yawo yangaphambili nangemuva futhi andiza cishe njengesihlambi.

Yebo, kepha bakwenza kanjani? Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ama-squirrels asebenzisa ngobunono imilenze yawo yangasemuva, amehlo abukhali, ekuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokunembile ibanga, izilenge eziqinile nomsila, odalelwe ukugcina ibhalansi. Wake wakucabanga ukuthi ngubani onikeze la mathuba akhethekile amaprotheni futhi awafundise ukusebenzisa, amaprotheni azi kanjani ukuthi kufanele aziphathe kanjani, ngamaphi amakhono nokuthi akhombisa nini? Yize kunjalo, ama-squirrels, noma ngabe ayefuna, ngeke akwazi ukuthatha umbusi emaphaketheni awo futhi alinganise ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngasinye noma ubude bamagatsha, kodwa-ke alithola kanjani ibanga olidingayo ukugxuma? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi ama-squirrel angagxuma kanjani ngokushesha futhi aqhubeke ephephile futhi ezwakala, futhi kunezithiyo eziningi nezingozi emendweni wawo: ukube i-squirrel bekungengenxa yokuhlanya, ngabe yashayisana nokuthile isikhathi eside futhi, mhlawumbe, (kuyesabisa ngisho ukucabanga!), ngabe kuzokwehla na?

Ngaphezu kwethalente lomsubathi we-dodger-riap, ama-squirrel anawo wonke amakhono adingekayo kanye nemininingwane ebonakalayo ukuze akwazi ukuthola imbewu efihlwe ngaphansi kwezinkomba eziqinile, ngoba ama-squirrels athanda izifuba ezinkulu, ama-hazelnuts kanye nembewu etholakala ezihlahleni zefir ezikhula eziqongweni zezihlahla ezinde . Ama-squirrels ayaguqulwa ukuze kube lula ngawo ukuthola ukudla.

Ebusika, lapho yonke into edliwayo ifihlwe ngaphansi kweqhwa, kunzima ngamaprotheni ukuthola ukudla. Ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane eziqondayo zithola amalungiselelo enkathi ebusika ehlobo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lapho kudalwa izinto zokudla zasebusika, zinemba ngendlela emangalisayo. Njengokuqonda ukuthi izithelo nezinyama ziwohloka ngokushesha, azigcini kulokhu kudla. Ama-squirrels azilungiselela ubusika kuphela ukudla okugcinwe isikhathi eside, njengamantongomane nezigaxa.

Ama-squirrels agcina ukudla ebusika athola amantongomane afihlwe wona ezindaweni ezahlukene ngenxa yomqondo wawo omuhle wokuhogela. Ziyakwazi ukuhogela amantongomane afihlwe ngisho ngaphansi kwesithwathwa seqhwa esingamasentimitha amathathu.

Ama-squirrels abalethela ubusika ukudla kwawo, lapho akufihla ezindaweni eziningana. Kamuva, bayakhohlwa indawo iningi lalezi zindawo. Izihlahla ezintsha zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kusuka ezitokisini zamaphrotheni ezingasetshenziswanga.

Ama-squirrels, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, anohlelo olukhethekile lokuxhumana nomunye. Isibonelo, lapho ama-squirrel abomvu aqaphela isitha, aqala ukuswayipha imisila yawo futhi amemeze ngokukhathazeka. Izimbotshana zamaphrotheni nazo ziyinto ebalulekile yokugcina ibhalansi. Amaprotheni ane-amadevu anciphile awakwazi ukugcina ibhalansi yawo. Amadevu we-squirrel anenye injongo: lapho ehamba ebusuku, amadevu asiza ama-squirrels ukuzwa izinto ezizungezile.

Uyazi ukuthi kuneprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi “ukundiza”? Zonke izinhlobo ze "squirrel ezindizayo" zase-Australia, ezisuka osayizi zisuka ku-45 ziye ku-90 amasentimitha, zihlala ezihlahleni. Lezi squirrels zathola igama lazo ngenxa yobuntu bokunyakaza. Ukugxuma kwabo kusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha kufana nendiza, kanti ne-squirrel ngokwayo ngesikhathi "indiza" iba njenge-glider yangempela. Eqinisweni, lokho okwenziwa ama-squirrel ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwabo akuyona neze indiza: bavele bagxume isikhathi eside, begxuma besuka esihlahleni baye kwesinye. Ama-squirrels ahlela phakathi kwezihlahla awanamaphiko, kepha kukhona ulwelwesi endizayo. Lo membrane we “squirrel yesiliva ezindizayo” (lolu uhlobo lwesikwele esindizayo) welulwa kusuka emilenzeni yangaphambili kuya emilenzeni yangemuva, ulwelwesi lwendlu yesikwele olucishe lube mncane futhi lumbozwe izinwele ezinde ezifuze umphetho. Ngenxa yesikhumba eseluliwe wolwelwesi endizayo lwamaprotheni “endizeni” eyodwa angamboza ibanga elingamamitha angama-30. Kube nezimo lapho, "ezindizeni" eziyisithupha eziqediwe ngokulandelana, zamboza ibanga lamamitha ayi-530.

Lapho izilwane ezincane zingahambi, zilahlekelwa ukushisa ngokushesha futhi zibambe. Ngakho-ke, ukungakwazi ukuqina, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala, kuba yingozi enkulu empilweni yazo. Zisinda kanjani lezi zilwane? Kuyavela ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ngendalo zivikelwe emiphumeleni eyingozi yemvelo. Isibonelo, ama-squirrels azimboza ngemisila yawo, njengejazi loboya, bese alala eqoqiwe ebhola. Lokhu kuyabasindisa ekuqandeni lapho belele.

Ama-squirrel ayizilwane ezincane ezincelisayo zamagundane omndeni we-squirrel, ezikwazi ukuxhumana nomunye zisebenzisa imisindo ehlukahlukene kanye nephunga. Ama-squirrel anomzimba omncane, omfushane odonsa umzimba, nomsila omude omfushane, izindlebe ezinde. Umbala woboya ubomvu-nsundu ngesisu esimhlophe. Ebusika, ama-squirrel ajwayela ukusinda ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha futhi aguqula umbala wawo wejazi ube mpunga. Baphinde basebenzise imisila yabo njengesinkomba, besonteka exwayisa amanye ama-squirrel ngengozi engaba khona.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-265 zama-squirrels emhlabeni jikelele. Emincane kunazo zonke ngama-squirrel amnyama ase-Afrika, anobude bomzimba obuyi-10 cm kuphela, kanti squirrel enkulu yamaNdiya ifinyelela ubude obucishe babe yimitha elilodwa.
Lapho i-squirrel yesaba futhi inomuzwa wokuthi isengozini, ngokuyinhloko izohlala ingashukumi. Uma usemhlabathini, uzokhuphukela esihlahleni esiseduze futhi ukhuphukele endaweni ephakeme ephephile, futhi uma usuvele usesihlahleni, uzozama ngokucindezela umzimba wakhe ukuqhekeka namagxolo awo.
Ama-squirrel ayizilwane ezikhohliseka kalula, futhi aphakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu zezilwane zasendle abantu abangazidambisa.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinjengeRussia, ama-squirrels ahlela kusengaphambili ukuthi angasinda kanjani izinyanga ezinzima zobusika. Zigcina amantongomane nembewu, zizifihle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, bese zibuyela kuzo kulo lonke ubusika ziyophinde zibuyisele amandla alo lapho kungabikho ukudla okwenele.
Ama-squirrel ayizidalwa ezihlakaniphe ngokweqile. Isibonelo, bangenza ukudla okungelona iqiniso ukukhohlisa amasela angaba khona, njengamanye ama-squirrels noma izinyoni. Futhi bahlela ukulondolozwa kwabo kwangempela kwenye, indawo ephephile.
Ama-squirrel ahlela amakhaya awo ezihlahleni. Zibukeka njengezimbobo noma izidleke zezinyoni futhi zenziwe ngamahlumela neminyene. Okujwayelekile
kepha iqhubu le-squirrel linobukhulu bebhola lebhola, lifakwe ngotshani, amagxolo, ama-moss nezimpaphe zokuthola induduzo eyengeziwe nokufakelwa okushisayo.
Kunamaprotheni anga ... ukundiza. Babizwa ngokuthi ama-squirrels ezindizayo, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingama-44 zama-squirrels anjalo. Kuliqiniso, eqinisweni, azikwazi ukundiza, sikhuluma ngokuntweza emoyeni sisebenzisa ulwelwesi olukhethekile olusemzimbeni wesigcawu esindizayo futhi sisuka esihlakaleni sisiya emaqakaleni. Lokhu kuvumela ama-squirrels ukuba anyakaze ngokwemvelo ngokugxuma okude, njengoba kwenza abantu ngeparachute. Ukugxuma okunjalo okunqamula kungadlula amamitha angama-46.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zama-squirrels zihlala emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Australia.
Njengamanye amagundane, ama-squirrel anamazinyo ama-4 angaphambili abukhali angayeki ukukhula, ngakho-ke amazinyo awo awagugi ukuluma okungapheli. Ama-squirrels ahlala yonke indawo, kusuka emahlathini kuya kumapaki amadolobha. Njengoba bengaba "abakhweli" abethukile, bavame ukwehlela emhlabathini beyofuna ukudla, njengamantongomane, ama-acorns, amajikijolo nezimbali. Ziphinde zidle amagxolo, amaqanda ezinyoni, noma amaphuphu amancane. Ijusi lezinkuni zezinhlobo ezithile zamaprotheni liyisibiliboco.
Ama-squirrel wesifazane azala kaningana ngonyaka, ngasikhathi sinye kuzalwa ama-squirrel amaningi ayimpumputhe ancike ngokuphelele kumama bawo ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuphila.
Isikhathi eside, abantu baqothula amaprotheni ngoboya obubalulekile, kepha ngenxa yesilinganiso sokuzala esiphakeme, inani lomhlaba lama-squirrels lihlala likhulu.