Akufanele udide i-shrew ngegundane elijwayelekile, ngoba akuyona i-rodent nhlobo, kepha ungokwesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo. Mhlawumbe lesi simeleli esincane kunazo zonke zalesi sigaba. Isilima - isibulala-hordes sezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Isilwane esincanyana sinokubukeka okuhlekisayo kakhulu, sibonga i-proboscis ebusweni, ubheka lapho umomotheka ngokungenasisekelo.
Ngabe udlani udlani
Izilwane ziyizidleke, ukudla okuyinhloko izinambuzane, izibungu zazo, izibungu zomhlaba. Ungazideleli amaxoxo amancane, izibankwa, amawundlu amancane. Okuphakelayo kutholakala ngosizo lwephunga nokuthinta. Ama-Shrews ahlala efuna ukudla kwawo. Ngosuku badla inani lokudla okweqile izikhathi ezi-2 noma ngaphezulu isisindo sabo. Phakathi kokudla balala isikhashana. Kunemijikelezo enjalo engaba ngu-80 ngosuku. Ngaphandle kokudla, ama-shrews ayafa emahoreni angama-7-9, noma awele kuma-stupor wesikhathi esifushane ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba. Abazifihli.
Zuza futhi ulimaze
Ngenxa yamandla onke, bakholelwa ukuthi ubuhlakani buzuzisa ngokubhubhisa izinambuzane zenhlabathi nezibungu zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo yenzeka unyaka wonke futhi ikude kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezingavikeleki: ngaphansi kweqhwa, amatshe, izihlahla, ekujuleni kwemisele.
Ama-Shrews akhipha iphunga eliqinile elingajabulisi, ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izilwane lizishiya zingabonakali (izimpungushe, amakati asekhaya). Kodwa-ke, leli phunga alizesabisi izikhova, izinsimbi nezinsimbi, lizidle ngaphandle kokunengeka.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inhlabathi, lapho izilwane zihlala khona, iba nokukhululeka futhi ichume nge-oksijini, ayifaneleki ukuthi ikhule noma iziphi izitshalo.
Izilwane zaseNimble zihlala zifuna ukudla, ngakho-ke kufanele zihlale zidabula ungqimba olungaphezulu, zidabula imigudu engafani nalutho. Kulokhu, ama-shrews alimaza uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezitholakala ezindleleni zawo. Umhlaba ophonswa ebusweni uba yisithiyo sokudotshwa kolayini kuma-trimmers. Ebhekene nezindunduma ezinjalo zomhlaba, uyahlephula khona manjalo.
Ungayihlukanisa kanjani i-shrew kusuka ku-mole
Ngaphandle, ama-shrews abukeka njengama-moles. Uyini umehluko wabo?
UMole Njengomthetho, sikhulu kune-shrew, ubude baso bufika ku-15 cm, futhi sinesisindo esingaphezulu - kufika ku-100-140 g. Umsila waso ungaba ngu-4 cm.Ikhanda laso linenwele, liphakeme nge-proboscis, lisenza sifane nesixhanti. Isidumbu simbozwe ngoboya obumnyama bokungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele zoboya zikhula ngokuqondile, okuvumela isilwane ukuba sihambe ngaphansi komhlaba kunoma iyiphi indlela, inqwaba ilele kalula ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Imilenze yemvukuzane ingama-fins-like, iguqulwe ngaphandle, inezinhlaka ezinde. Lokhu kuvumela imvukuzane ukuba idabule kalula emhubheni womhubhe emhlabathini. Ngemilenze yakhe yangemuva, uphonsa umhlaba emgodini. Amehlo nezindlebe mncane, embozwe izinwele.
Isilima , ngokungafani nemvukuzane, isilwane sincane, sifinyelela kuma-5 cm. Umsila ungaba mkhulu kakhulu kunobude bomzimba waso. Ijazi lithambile, limpunga ngombala, njengegundane lasendlini. Ngokungafani nemvukuzane, imilenze yayo mncane, enezikhafu ezincane, embozwe izinwele ezikhanyayo. Amehlo mancane, angabonakali nakancane.
Zingahlukaniswa ngokubonakala kwama-mink. Uma izimvukuzane zikhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso, izimbotshana - ama-molehill. Ama-Shrew anezimbobo kuphela emhlabathini, esikhathini esiningi agibela ezingxenyeni zangaphambili ezembiwe ezimvukuzaneni, amagundane, amagundane, izando.
Ukuchazwa kwe-Shrew
Izilwane ezincane ngokubukeka zifana kakhulu namagundane ajwayelekile, kepha zinezimbotshana, zisezingeni lohlobo lwe-proboscis. Ama-shrews futhi afaka abamele abancane kakhulu abavela esigabeni se-mamalia, emelelwa yi-polydent emincane (i-Suncus etruscus) ne-tiles encane (i-Sorex minutissimus), ubude bayo bomzimba abudluli kuma-30-50 mm, nesisindo somzimba esiphezulu sika-3.0-3.3 ikholamu
Ukubukeka
Ikhanda lesibaya likhulu impela ngosayizi, lapho kukhona ingxenye yobuso nekhala ekhuphukile, kufakelwe i-proboscis enyakazayo futhi ebonakalayo kahle. Amehlo esilwane mancane impela. Imikhawulo yezilwane ezincelisayo ezingasho lutho ifushane, inezihlakala ezinhlanu. Uboya bukhulu futhi bufushane, buhle kakhulu. Umsila ungaba mfushane kakhulu noma ubude obude, odlula ubude bomzimba.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ama-femel shrews anezingono ezi-6-10, kuthi ama-testes amaduna atholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kuyilapho isitho esikopelayo sesilwane esidala sikhulu kakhulu, size sifinyelele ku-70% wobude bomzimba.
Ibhokisi le-skull lincane futhi lide, likhombe endaweni yesifunda samakhala. Ingqondo ikhulisiwe, okuyisici esiyingqayizivele phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Umthamo wobuchopho ungokweshumi komzimba, okudlula kakhulu isimilo sedatha yabantu namahlengethwa. Ama-Zygomatic arches in shrews awekho ngokuphelele, futhi inani eliphelele lamazinyo liyizingcezu ezingama-26-31.
Izinto ezingaphambili, ikakhulukazi ezingaphansi, zikhuliswa kakhulu. Ukufakwa kabusha kwamazinyo ayisisekelo ngamazinyo angapheli kwenzeka esigabeni sokukhula kombungu, ngakho-ke, amawundlu omgodi azalwa nesethi ephelele yamazinyo. Ukuvuleleka kokuhlaziywa kwezitho zangasese kuzungeze i-roller yesikhumba. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba nasezimpandeni zomsila kukhona izindlala ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza imfihlo enephunga elibi elingathandeki.
Inhliziyo eshayayo ishaya ngokuphumula ngesivinini sokushaywa okungu-680-700, futhi ngokwesaba, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo landa laya ku-1100-1200 hit. Abamele ikilasi i-Mammals, ama-Insectivores nama-Family Shrews anovalo kakhulu. Ngempela noma yikuphi ukushaqeka okunamandla ngokwanele, kufaka phakathi umsindo wokuduma kwezulu noma izindunduma zokuduma, kungabulala isilwane esingavikeleki.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izinhlobo eziningi zithanda izindawo ezinomswakama, futhi amanye amalungu alo mndeni asetshenziselwa ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Izilo zigcinwa zodwa, zingakwazi ukudonsa ngokuzimele imbobo noma zingene ezindlini zezinye izilwane ezigoqayo, kufaka phakathi izindunduma kanye namagundane afana negundane. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-shrews angakwazi ukuhlala ezindlini noma ezihlahleni eziwile, ngaphansi kokhuni oluvulekile, ngisho nasezakhiweni zabantu. Isidleke sifakwe ngamahlamvu owomile notshani. Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso yokuzingela, ubukhulu baso buhlala sifinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayishumi.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izilo ezishiywe ngaphandle kokudla zifa ngokushesha okukhulu. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezincane zingafa ngamahora angama-7-9, bese kuthi ukubamba okuncane kube ngamahora amahlanu.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-shrews azilokothi zifihle, kepha ezimweni zokuntuleka kokudla, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-esifishane isikhathi esifushane kungenzeka kungenzeka, kuhambisana nokuncipha okubonakalayo kokushisa komzimba. Ama-shrews anemisila emincane ahlala eCanada naseMelika kanye nomsiki ojwayelekile ohlala ogwini lwezindawo zemvelo zaseRussia angabamele izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kakhulu. Ubuthi buye buthinte abantu, ngakho-ke indawo elunywe wukugcwala okuningi.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Okwamanje, ama-shrews afundwe kancane, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi indlela yempilo yobusuku nokuba khona njalo komhlaba. Noma kunjalo, kwatholakala ukuthi izimpawu eziphawuleka zokwehlukanisa ubulili ngokubukeka zazingekho phakathi kwabamele i-Insectivores ye-oda kanye nomndeni uZemroyoykie.
Izinhlobo zeSrew
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amathathu zama-shrews ziyaziwa, kepha i-shrew kanye ne-subspecies yayo, i-shrew nezinhlobonhlobo, kanye ne-tembo yendlovu namanzi. Isigaxa esincane singummeleli omncane kakhulu wezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi ubude bawo bomzimba abudluli kuma-30-50 mm. Isilwane sinegama laso koqweqwe lwawo onsundu, olusekwe kumathiphu wamazinyo futhi siwavikele ekugayeni kwasekuqaleni kakhulu. Ijazi lensimbi nalo linombala onsundu.
I -fishfish emfishane noma i-shrew ingummeleli ovelele we-carnivores futhi ihlukaniswa ngombala omhlophe we-enamel yezinyo. Ubukhulu bomzimba abudluli kuma-70 mm. Lesi silwane siyivelakancane futhi sibonisa ijazi elimpunga. Ummeleli omkhulu wama-shrews yi-giant shrews, efinyelela usayizi womzimba ongu-15 cm onomsila ubude be-10 cm. Umbala wengubo yomjondolo uyahluka kusuka kokukhanya okumpunga kuya ocishe ube mnyama.
Izikejana zamanzi noma ukuthambisa okuvamile zingama -tivtivores amakhulu akhetha ukuzinza osebeni lomzimba wamanzi amasha. Isici esihlukile sokwakheka kwalezi zilwane zamanzi simelelwa ukuba khona kwezinwele ezilukhuni emilenzeni, ngenxa yokuthi kuqinisekiswa ukunyakaza okusebenzayo emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo zinejazi elingenamanzi. Ngokubukeka, lesi silwane sifana ne-rat evamile enamanzi yombala onsomi ngombala okhanyayo esiswini.
Ama-shrews afana negundane ayasebenza phakathi nesikhathi sasemini nalapho sekuhlwa. Uboya beziluka ezinjalo bunobushelelezi futhi buthambile kakhulu, futhi umbala wejazi uyahlukahluka kusuka kokushubeni nobumpunga kuya komnyama. Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube ngu-60-110 mm, futhi bunesisindo esifinyelela kuma-21-23 g. Ama-shrews ase-American anemisila emfishane angamalungu eqembu lemikhonto emincane nenobuthi enomsila omfishane, imilenze eminyene nombala woboya obumnyama.
Ama-shrews amahlathi acishe abe mancane ngosayizi, futhi ubude bawo bomzimba, njengomthetho, bungama-45-100 mm, anesisindo esingama-3-12 g. Ubude bebonke bomsila buhlukahluka kakhulu. Isilwane sinoboya obude futhi obuthukile obumpunga emzimbeni ongaphezulu nengxenye encane ephansi.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izici zezakhi zomgodi wezempi wase-Uganda zivumela isilwane esinjalo ukuba sikwazi ukumelana kalula nemithwalo enkulu emzimbeni, sidlula isisindo saso amahlandla ayinkulungwane.
I-Uganda armored shrew, evela kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele samathambo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo selubhekwe kudala ukuthi lubizwa ngokuthi i-monotypic, kodwa ngonyaka ka-2013, iTraah shrew enezici ezifanayo yachazwa. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buyi-12-15 cm, ubude bawo bumsila bube yi-7-10 cm nesisindo somzimba ngaphakathi kwama-110 g.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ama-Shrews acishe abe maningi amathuba emvelo, ngaphandle kwezifunda zamakhosi zase-Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand naseNingizimu Melika eningizimu ye-Ecuador, iVenezuela neColombia. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezingavikeleki zihlala izindawo ezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi i-tundra eyisicaba neyezintaba, amahlathi ashisayo nezindawo eziqhelile. Ezintabeni, izilwane zingakhuphuka zifinyelele kumamitha angama-3500-4000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
UPied poutorak uhlala engxenyeni yeCaspian yezwe lethu, e-Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan naseTurkmenistan. Uhla lwe-Congolese shrew lusuka eCentral African Republic naseCameroon luye empumalanga ye-Uganda naseDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Indawo abahlala kuyo amahlathi ashisayo atholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-23- 20050 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. I-Uganda armored shrew ingatholakala emaxhaphozini, anamahlathi agcwele asenyakatho yeCongo, eRwanda nase-Uganda.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwama-shrews amahlathi kusuka esifundeni saseNigeria kuye eTanzania nase-Uganda. Isikhala sokuphila kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zifanekiselwa kakhulu amahlathi. Abamele abaningi bahlala ikakhulukazi emqheleni wezihlahla, kepha abanye bayakwazi ukuhlala emhlabeni. Indawo yamagundane anjengegundane ihlathi elinamahlathi anomswakama futhi ama-shrews atholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ezishisayo, e-taiga yaseYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. I-Kutory, noma amanzi ancibilika kuhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini, zihlala ogwini lwezindawo ezingasasebenzi kakhulu zamanzi amasha.
Ensimini yesiza esisodwa, okuhlala indawo enamamitha-skwele angamakhulu ambalwa komhlaba, akusekho abantu abambalwa abadala bezilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo. Ngokwenkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela, ama-shrews awathandi ukuthutha nhlobo, ngakho-ke, kukho konke impilo yabo, izilwane ezinjalo zizama ukunamathela ngokuqinile endaweni eyodwa. Okuhlukile ukususwa okuphoqelelwe kwezilwane ngabantu. Kungemva kokuba insimu ihlolwe ngokucophelela, i-shrew iqhubekela endaweni yangomakhelwane, lapho ilindele khona ukuvela kwezinambuzane ezintsha zezinambuzane ezweni elidala.
Isabelo se-Shrew
Izilo ziyizilwane ezixakile ezingadla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, isigaba sazo sezibungu, kanye nemikhonyane. Isilwane esifuywayo sivame ukuhlasela ama-vertebrates amancane amelelwa amaxoxo, izibankwa, amawundlu amancane. Ukudla kufaka nezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi, ama-amphibians nezinambuzane.
Okuphakelayo kudingeka ngephunga elicijile nobukhali bokuthinta. Ngokusho kososayensi, ezinye izinhlobo zama-shrews zine-ekolocation. Abamele abanjalo be-Insectivores ye-oda nomndeni we-Shrew metabolism ubonakala ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqina. Ukudla okuthandwayo kwama-shrews kwethulwa:
- Amabhere
- amabhungane amaqabunga
- Kwangathi izimbungulu
- slugs
- izintwala,
- amacimbi
- izicabucabu
- Earthworms
- izibungu zezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Emini, isilwane esincane sidla inani lokudla elidlula isisindo saso ngesilinganiso esisodwa noma amahlandla amabili.
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi ekuphishekeleni ngenkani ukudla okwanele, umuntu onobuhlakani angalimaza uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo zasendulo, abangele ukufa kwabo.
Ngalesi sizathu, ama-shrews akwazi ukondla cishe njalo, enza ikhefu elifushane kuphela lokulala. Ebusika, ukubulawa yindlala, ukufa kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke izimbalwa ezimbalwa, njengomthetho, ezisinda ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ama-Shrews azala eyodwa noma ezimbili, okungenani kathathu phakathi nonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kuwo udoti ngamunye kunamawundlu amane kuya kwayishumi nane azalwa engaboni ngokuphelele futhi enqunu. Ezizalweni ezisanda kuzalwa zama-shrews, ukuba khona kwe-proboscis engafakwanga kuyisici, okunikeza ukubukeka kohlobo lwe-snub-nosed. Ngenkathi yehlobo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezintofontofo, insikazi eyodwa imvamisa iletha amawundlu angaba yishumi nane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye zazo sezivele zikwazi ukunikeza izingane ngokwazo ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Bobabili abazali bayabandakanyeka ekulungiseleleni isidleke izingane ezizayo, kepha okwamanje abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ama-shrews ayizilwane ezinesithembu noma ezithobayo.
Ingaphakathi lesidleke lifakwe ngokucophelela ngezinto ezenziwe ngomile ezimelelwa ngotshani noma ngamaqabunga. Esidlekeni esinjalo, amawundlu akhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, lapho sekuphele amasonto amane azimele ngokuphelele. Ngama-shrews, insikazi enozalo lwayo ishukunyiswa uhlobo lwamaketanga noma okuthiwa "ikaravani", lapho bonke abantu bebambelela khona impela emsileni komunye nomunye ngamazinyo abo.
Amalungu amancane esigaba samaMammals, i-Insectivorous oda, kanye nomndeni wakwaSrew babonakala ngekhono elimangazayo, elibizwa nge- “Denel phenomenon”. Lapho kuqala ukwindla, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengalezi zibonisa ukuncipha okuphawulekile kosayizi womzimba, okuhambisana nokuthopha kwe-cranium. Phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni, kukhona ukwanda okuphawulekile kumthamo we-cranium, kanye nesisindo kanye nevolumu ephelele yengqondo.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemishanguzo emvelweni kukhona ubusuku nemini abagwedli, kanye nama-corvid, ezinye izilwanyana ezincelisayo. Noma kunjalo, izilwane zidliwe ngabamele i-Insectivores ye-oda kanye nomndeni wakwaSrew ngokunqikanqika kakhulu, ngenxa yobukhona bephunga le-musky elibukhali nelingathandeki, elikhishwa yizindlala zezikhumba zezilwane.
Kuzoba nokuthakazelisa:
Kaningi, ama-shrews abhujiswa ngabantu nezilwane ezifuywayo ezimelelwa amakati nezinja.Umuntu ukhuthele ukulwa nesilo esinjalo ngosizo lwezicupho kanye nobuthi bamakhemikhali, okuchazwa yisifiso sokuvikela uhlelo lwempande lwezihlahla zezitshalo nezitshalo zasengadini.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo zamahlathi asehlathini manje zithathwa njengosengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwengxenye yendawo yokuhlala, i-Eucentraut shrew-like swrew kanye ne-Rampian mouse-like shrew, okumanje ibhekene nokuqothulwa, ibhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Shrew isilwane esifuywayo, kungokuhleleka kwama-safetivores. Lesi sidlakudlwana esincane kunazo zonke esivela emndenini wabazimele. Ngokubukeka, i-shrew ifana kakhulu negundane elijwayelekile, i-vole, kepha inikeza i-perky nohlobo lwe-proboscis ebusweni bayo. Izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amathathu zalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile zingezomndeni onobuhlakani, ezihlanganiswe imindeni emibili engezansi:
- Ama-Shrews (abe noqweqwe lwensundu onsundu),
- Ama-Shrews (izilwane ezine-koqweqwe lwensimbi emhlophe).
Ezweni lethu kuphela ezingama-21 izinhlobo ze-shrews eziphila. Abantu bekuyisikhathi eside babona isimo sabo sokhahlo nesihluku, ngakho bababiza ngokuthi "amadimoni amancane." Uma ubhekisisa umlando, bese ubuyela emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa leminyaka, usosayensi - wezazi zezilwane uTopsel uchaze lesi silwane njengesixhaphaxhapha futhi esisolayo, esiluma kakhulu, futhi konke ukuluma kungabulala. Ake sichaze ngemininingwane eminingi ezinye izinhlobo zama-shrews.
Isigaxa esincane yisilwane esincanyana kunazo zonke eMhlabeni, ubude baso bomzimba sisuka ku-3 siye ku-5 cm. Lesi silwane siqanjwa ngenxa yombala we-enamel yezinyo, esivimbela ukugedla kwamazinyo ngokushesha. Umbala wezinwele wesilwane ubuye onsundu.
I-shrew (emincane polydent) ikhudlwana kancane kuneyangaphambili, ubude bayo bomzimba buba cm 7. Umbala we-enamel yezinyo lakhe, njengoba negama lisho, umhlophe. Ukuhlangana nalesi silwane kungamvelo; umbala wejazi lalesi sibaya ungwevu.
Umdondoshiya omkhulu ngummeleli omkhulu womndeni wakhe, ubude bomzimba wawo buba ngu-15 cm, kanti umsila ungu-10. Umbala wengubo yakhe yoboya ungaba mhlophe ngokukhanyayo noma umnyama ngokuphelele.
I-kutary ejwayelekile (ubuhlalu bamanzi) ithatha imfashini iye ogwini lwezindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezindwangu ezinjalo izinwele zezinwele emilenzeni, ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukuhamba emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijazi loboya balesi silwane alunamanzi, linezimpunga ezimpunga, futhi esiswini - ithoni elula. Ngokubukeka, lokhu kufingqa kufana kakhulu nerandi lamanzi.
Uhlala kuphi umgodi?
Photo: Animal Shrew
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-shrews zixazululwe kuwo wonke umhlaba wethu. Bahlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, abatholakali ezwenikazi lase-Australia kuphela, ezifundeni ezingamakhaza, eNew Zealand naseNew Guinea, nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNingizimu Melika eziseningizimu yamazwe anjengeVenezuela, i-Ecuador neColombia.
Lezi zidalwa ezingavikeleki zijwayela impilo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene:
- Ezindaweni eziphansi
- Ezintabeni (kufika ku-4 km ukuphakama),
- Ogwadule nasezinsukwini eziyisithupha,
- Ezihlathini zemvula ezishisayo,
- Ezindaweni ezimanzi.
Isilwane ngasinye sinezinto zaso, indawo lapho zigada khona ukuze zigweme ukuhlaselwa yizivakashi ezingamenywanga. Uma othile ehlasele isabelo sobuhlakani, khona-ke ukulwela indawo yokuzingela kuqala, umphumela wayo ungabulala omunye wezimbangi zakhe. Ama-Shrews angena empini hhayi ngohlobo lwawo kuphela, kodwa futhi nangamagundane nezikhonkwane.
Imisele isebenza njengendawo yesiphephelo nekhaya labatshisi, kepha bona uqobo bayayibumba, futhi bazame ukubamba umgodi womuntu oshiywe ngumuntu. Uma sekuvele kufanele bazenzele indawo yokukhosela, khona-ke bayawenza angajulile.
Kukhethwa imbobo engabonakali yemithi ebolile, lapho ihlomisa khona nemizi yayo. Emigqonyeni yawo, ama-shrews enza udoti oluthambile futhi onethezekile kusuka emaqabungeni angonyaka odlule. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ama-shrews ayizilwane ezihlala phansi ezinamathela endaweni ethile yonke impilo yazo emfushane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Garden Shrew
Ngisho nanamuhla, kuncane okwaziwayo ngemikhuba nokuziphatha kwama-shrews, njengoba abaqondwa kahle, ngoba bahola indlela yokuphila yesikhathi esizayo futhi cishe sonke isikhathi emathunjini omhlaba. Abesilisa bacishe bahluke kwabesifazane.
Ngokwemvelo yazo, lezi zilwane zizinxanelwe, ngasinye sazo sinobunikazi baso bomhlaba, esivikela ngokucophelela kubantu abangabazi. Isilulu singalwa ngokugabha isabelo saso nabavakashi abangamenyiwe, singesabi ukuhlasela igundane elikhulukazi nesidonsa. Isimo sakhe sengqondo sinolaka futhi sishesha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi silwane asinakulinganisela futhi sinamahloni, sinamahloni ngasolwandle lokungathandeki, singasaba ngokufa kuze kube ngisho nokuduma kwezulu. IHibernation ayijwayelekile kulezi zilwane, kepha lapho kunokudla okuncane, i-shrew iwela ohlotsheni lwe-stupor emfushane, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehle kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
Ama-shrews anomsila omfishane, abhaliswe eCanada naseMelika, nezimbumbulu zamanzi ezihlala ezweni lakithi osebeni lwezidumbu zamanzi ziyizilwane ezinoshevu, ukulunywa kwazo kubuhlungu ngisho kumuntu futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kwendawo elunywe yikho, nasezilwaneni eziningi ezincane lokhu kuluma kumane kubulale.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sempilo se-shrew, sidlula isikhathi eside futhi cishe kungunyaka nesigamu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abesifazane baphila inyanga ende kunabesilisa. Nansi intukuthelo ethokozisayo nenemidwebo emincane enama-shrews: ngakolunye uhlangothi, banovalo olukhulu futhi banamahloni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banolaka futhi abengakulindele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Shrew Hatchling
Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-shrew akhetha ukuba yedwa kule ndawo ayodwa. Lezi zilwane zizala zisuka kwesinye ziye kathathu ngonyaka. Ukuzalela kuthatha amasonto ayi-2-3. Esihlokweni, kungaba khona ezinsaneni ezine kuya kwezingu-14 ezizalwa zingaboni futhi zingenazinwele.
I-proboscis yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ayikhuliswanga kahle, ngakho-ke izingane zibonakala zincane. Esikhathini esihle, phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, insikazi eyodwa ingakhulisa izingane ezingaba ngamashumi amane, kanti ezinye izilwane ezisencane zinesikhathi sokuthola inzalo yazo ehlobo elifanayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: bobabili abazali bahlomisela isidleke ukuze bathole izingane ezizayo, yize ososayensi bengakatholakali ukuthi ama-shrews anesithembu noma isithembu.
Embhedeni othambile wamahlamvu owomile, izingane ziyakhula zikhule ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngenyanga zizimele ngokuphelele. Kuyathakazelisa ukubheka ukuthi umfudlana uhamba kanjani nenzalo ngama-gonshoot, ebambe amazinyo ayo ngemisila yomunye. Kude kufana nesitimela, lapho ingane ngayinye isebenza njenge-trailer. Uma, ngemuva kwalokho, ikhole likwazile ukulahleka, bese limemezela ngesinono salo, umama amise “isitimela” abheke ukulahleka, bese ukunyakaza kwenjini kuqale phansi.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ikhono elijwayelekile lezimungulu, elibizwa nge- "Denel phenomenon", libonakala ngokuncipha kosayizi womzimba ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sekwindla, i-cranium iba yothopha. Ngo-Ephreli, ubukhulu bawo buyenyuka futhi. Lokho akuyona indlela engajwayelekile empilweni emfishane yesidalwa esincane esinjenge-shrew.
Ukuvikelwa Kwe-Shrew
Photo: Shrew Red Book
Isimo esinama-shrews wehlathi asisihle neze namuhla, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolusengozini. Isigaxa segundane le-Eisentraut kanye ne-rampace yegundane elinjenge-rampace nalo lisengozini. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zibhalwe ku-Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Umdondoshiya omkhulu obhalwe ohlwini lweRed Book of the Russian Federation; kubhekwa njengezinhlobo zezinto ezinqabile kunazo zonke, isibalo sazo sehle kakhulu eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule.
Ngokuyisisekelo, isizathu sokuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-shrew zihlukaniswe njengezisengozini kungukuqothulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu, ukuhlala komhlaba lapho izilwane zazihlala khona, ngezinjongo zezolimo, ukunwetshwa kokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Konke lokhu kuthinta kabi inqwaba yezilwane eziningi, kubandakanya nomndeni onobuhlakani.
Ekugcineni, kusanezela ukwengeza ukuthi impilo ye-miniature shrew imfushane kakhulu, kepha ijulile kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa. Ukungena imininingwane yayo, ungafunda okuningi okusha nokungajwayelekile. Iphutha elikhulu labaningi ukutholwa kwabo njengegundane elijwayelekile, kepha ujabule akuyona induku nhlobo, kepha inyamazane encane futhi engenakuqhathaniswa, okuyisidumo sezilokazane ezingenakubalwa.
Ungasusa kanjani i-shrew endlini yezwe (ingadi)
Ungasusa kanjani isigaqa esizeni, umbuzo ukhathaza abalimi abaningi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuvela ekotishi lasehlobo noma engadini, izilwane zidala izinkinga eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane sincane, akuvamile ukuba sibonakale ebusweni, kunzima impela ukubhekana naso. Izindlela zokuqeda imichilo ziyefana nokulwa izindunduma. Sebenzisa
- amakhemikhali
- ngokomzimba
- ngomshini
- izindlela zabantu.
Amakhemikhali
Thola i-mink shrews. Thela izinto ezinephunga elimnandi, njenge-naphthalene, ugwayi, noma ugcwalise i-mink ngophethiloli.
Amanye amakhambi asebenzayo yiHunter Antigryzun, i-Nutcracker, i-Ekar, neRat Death, ebangela ukwanda nokufa kwesilwane. Izimali zithengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele ufunde imiyalo, ungayisebenzisi eduze kwezihlahla namakati.
Izimbambo ezivamile zisetshenziselwa amagundane noma amagundane, abekwe eduze kwezimbumbulu.
Izindlela zomzimba
Sebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa, ezinjengamakhenikheni ngamathini, amathini kabhiya. Ebambelele enduku ebambelele emhlabathini, adala umsindo wokuthi emhlabathini kubangele ukungakhululeki ezilwaneni, ziziphoqe ukuba zihambe.
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa izicishamlilo eziphonswa emgodini bese zingcwatshwa ngokushesha emhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kwabathengisi be-ultrasonic kunikeza umphumela othize.
Izindlela zabantu
Amakati asendlini azosiza ekulweni izindondo. Amanye amakati wokuzingela angawathola ekushiseni kwenjabulo yokuzingela. Kepha nakhu, ngeke zikwazi - izilwane zinamadlala akhethekile aveza iphunga elibukhali nelingathandeki. Lokhu kungukuphela kokuzivikela kwabo kwabanye abahlaseli abancane.
Zama ukutshala ama-marigold esakhiweni, ama-shrews awalithandi iphunga lawo. Futhi, izilwane azithandi ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, uphizi, i-euphorbia. Mhlawumbe izitshalo zizoyesabisa izihlahlana.
Isiphetho
Iyiphi indlela yokukhetha? Azikho kulezi zindlela ezinobuntu maqondana nalezi ezinhle, kungabonakala, izilwane. Kodwa ukulimala abakubangela esizeni kusenza abalimi balwe nabo. Ngifunde emazwini endatshana eyodwa ukuthi udinga ukuyishiya yodwa futhi uyiyeke iphile impilo yayo. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu yilabo abangakaze babhekane nezinkinga ngama-shrews. Kepha lapho izilwane ezinhle zonakalisa izitshalo ezitshaliwe notshani, akukho ukukhetha kuzo.
I-shark shrew
Kunamagama ezinyo nezinyo le-Etruscan. Umbala wejazi ungwevu onsundu, eduze kwephalethi elimpunga. Amazinyo abukhali kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, inosayizi omncane ngokwedlulele, ifinyelela ku-7 cm. Umsila ubizwa nge-villi ezingabonakali, kepha zibonakala kahle.
I-Shrew izinkuni noma ezejwayelekile
Isimenywa esivame kakhulu sezindawo zezwe, lapho evela emahlathini aseduze. Ihluka ngombala onsundu omnyama ngokushintshela kumbala okhanyayo esiswini. Ikhula ingadluli ku-5 cm.
Kuhlala ngokuqinile ensimini edonsile, ehlela izidleke noma ihlale imilozi engenalutho. Njengoba sengiyijwayele le ndawo futhi ngixoshwa kuyo, imvamisa ibuya futhi, ibheka njengefa layo.
Ukulimala Nokuzuzisa
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi lesi silwane esincanyana siyingozi ngokusobala kwabangenayo. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo izinambuzane ziyingozi ezitshalweni, ezizidla ngobuningi. Isisindo sokudla kwansuku zonke siphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 kunesabo, futhi ubudlova bunjalo ukuthi amahora angama-6-7 endlala angabulala! Lapho befuna ukudla, baphoqeleka ukuthi bahambe ngokushesha futhi okuningi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekulekeleleni kwenhlabathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulimala okungalungiseki, ngoba isilwane siluma zonke izimpande esihlangane nazo endleleni, ngaphandle kokungabaza futhi singadli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo nezinhlaka zobumba ziyavela phezu kwenhlabathi lapha nalaphaya, ezingabulala utshani obukhule iminyaka eminingi ngesikhathi serekhodi.
Izimpawu zokubonakala kwama-shrews kusayithi
Zonke izimpawu ezisobala zokuthi ingadi yakho noma utshani obuhlala kulesi silwane ziyahlangana ngokugcwele nokuba khona kwezinye izakhamuzi ezingaphansi komhlaba - izimvukuzane, ama-voles asensimini, njll. Okuwukuphela kwento enembile yokubakhona yikhophi eyabhalwa ngesandla sokuqala. Uma ungatholanga izindima ezingaphansi komhlaba kuphela, kodwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezonakalisiwe, ungayeka ukona ngezinyo nge-shrew - abalidli.
Imvamisa kubukeka sengathi umhlambi wonke walezi zivakashi ezingamenywanga usebenza kulelo khokho, empeleni, kungaba yiso kuphela, ngoba ukhetha indlela eyodwa yokuphila nokuzingela. Yikuphi, kepha, okungamvikeli ekukhuliseni inzalo eyi-14 izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka, okuzothi ngenyanga ikhule ngokomzimba hhayi ukuthi bazoya kude bayofuna izindawo zabo.
Lezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi komhlaba zihlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, ezindaweni ezinamakhaza, ngaphansi kweziqu ezibolile nakwezinye izindawo ezinomswakama omkhulu.
Ungabhekana kanjani ne-shrew?
Kunezindlela eziningi zombili zokusabisa lezi zilwane, futhi zokulwa nazo ngokuphelele. Zonke zihlukaniswe ngo-mehendi, amakhemikhali ne-elekthronikhi. Ngokunikezwa inzuzo engabazeki yalezi zingavikeleki, noma ngabe yikuphi, kufanele uqale uzame ukukhawulela izindlela zokunqanda amandla. Izindlela zemishini zifaka izicupho, izicupho, izigaxa, ukukhukhula kwezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ngamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinephunga elingabekezeleleki esilwaneni, ukuheha ezinye izilwane, njll.
Abathengisi bemishini
Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngesandla, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngalo. Into esemqoka ukuthi benza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu futhi omubi ngokwedlulele. Ukuze isebenze kahle kakhulu, ayibekwa phezu komhlaba, kepha ingcwatshwe emhlabathini, amaza omsindo asakazeka kahle emhlabathini futhi adale ukunyakaza okungathandeki kwezilwane.
Imibuthano yamadivayisi anjalo ingatholakala ngamanani amakhulu. Ngokwesisekelo, amathini we-tin kanye nengilazi, amabhodlela epulasitiki avame ukuthathwa. Indlela elula kunazo zonke iwukubeka phezu kwenduku yensimbi ejulile (ngaphansi kwesondo lama-shrews) bese uyilungisa ukuze bakwazi ukulenga ngokukhululekile futhi bangqongqoze bodwa bevela emoyeni.
Uma wenza umzamo omncane, unganamathisela i-tin propeller kubo, ezosebenza kumgomo we-ratchet.
Ngamabhodlela epulasitiki, kwanele ukwenza amawindi angunxande asikwe ezinhlangothini ezintathu phezu kobuso bonke bese egobisa amaqabunga. Beka uphini wensimbi, ibhodlela elinjalo lizogobhoza lize lisho imisindo enkulu.
Ukuze ingaweli phansi, indandatho yokubopha yenziwa nganoma yikuphi okubunjiwe, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kwothango lwendwangu ejwayelekile.
Amadiski ekhompiyutha angadingekile aboshwe ngothini nawo angancinza ngokuphelele.
Abathengisi be-Ultrasonic
Enye indlela enobuntu engazilimazi izilwane. Ama-RCD enza imisindo, kulokhu akakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngendlebe yomuntu, kodwa okungathandeki kakhulu ngamagundwane nezinye izilwane ezincane. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezinhle ezithengiswayo, kubalulekile ukukhetha inketho yezindawo ezivulekile. Ngaphandle, esikhathini esiningi zifana nephepha elakhiwe ngezipikili elinamathela emhlabathini. Ngokuya ngemodeli, ububanzi bungasukela ku-10-20m (Tornado 0ZV) kuya ku-1 km (i-Anticrot).
Isithiyo semishini
Isikhathi esisebenzisa kakhulu futhi esimba eqolo, kepha ngendlela ethembekile.Kwenziwe kalula esiteji sokufakwa kocingo, i.e. ilungele kangcono kakhulu njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, hhayi kusuka kuma-shrews kuphela, kepha futhi naku-voles, moles, bear, njll. Kuhanjiswa isisi esinama-mesh amahle azungeza ububanzi besakhiwo cishe esingu-1,2 m. Cishe i-15 cm yomphetho wamahhala ushiywe ngaphezulu. Ukujula kunikezwe nge-margin ethembekile; esinye sezivakashi esingamenyiwe kungenzeka ukuthi "sitshelwe" ngaphansi kwenethi enjalo.
Izicupho nezicupho
Noma yiziphi izingibe zemouse nezicupho eziklanyelwe amagundane nezinye izinambuzane (amagundane, imvukuzane, amagundane). Noma yiziphi izibungu, izibungu, njll kufanelekile njengezithiyo zesaliti. Kukhona futhi isicupho esikhethekile esifakwe ngokuqondile ezindabeni ezembiwe - iSuperCat Vole Trap.
Siza amakati nezinja
Ithemba elingaphezulu kulokhu, yiqiniso, liphumula namakati. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akekho kubo ongabekezelela iphunga lezilima futhi angazidli, zivame ukubabamba mhlawumbe ngenjongo yokuzingela injabulo, noma zimane zidideke ngama-voles ajwayelekile. Kuyadingeka ukukhulula abazingeli esizeni ebusuku - lesi isikhathi sokuhamba kwezilwane okusebenzayo ebusweni.
Izindlela zokupheka zabantu
Inzuzo yabo engathandabuzekwayo yindleko ephansi, ngoba izindlela zokupheka zabantu, njengenjwayelo, zilula futhi zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwalokho okwenziwayo kuyo yonke indlu. Sele kushiwo ngenhla mayelana nokusabisa ama-shrews ngephunga elibukhali nelingathandeki kubo - okuyindlela okufanele yamukelwe.
Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi isebenza kangcono uma izindlela eziningana zomzabalazo zisetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye.
"Isikhukhula"
Singaqagela kuphela ngobude bangempela bomhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba, njengoba abasebenza ngokujulile basebenzisa “izakhiwo” zabanye abantu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthatha ngokushesha i-hose ngamanzi bese ugcwalisa wonke ama-mink avele endaweni eseduze. Lokho "kugeza endlini yomuntu siqu" ngeke kume noma yisiphi isilwanyana esinyakazayo esingaphansi komhlaba.
Izizathu zokubukeka
Ama-shrews, njengezinye izidalwa ezifanayo, ahlala enza ukufuduka kwemvelo, efuna izindawo ezifanele zokuphila kwawo. Kepha lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi ingavela kunoma yisiphi isiza, ngoba lokhu kudinga izimo ezithile. Noma kunokudla okuningi esizeni, kepha kunomswakama omncane kuso, khona-ke isigaxa kungenzeka singabonakali. Inhlabathi eqinile, enganiselwanga noma engenawo umswakama wemvelo kuyo, ayivumeli isilwane ukuba sitshe izindondo ezinde. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sivame ukutholakala eduze namachibi noma ezindaweni eziniselwa njalo.
Yini ukulimala okuvela kusiga?
Lesi silwane esincane, ngenxa yomsebenzi waso, simba umgodi omude futhi oshukumisayo. Kulokhu, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuyaphazamiseka, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo eziningi ezitshaliwe ezitshalwe engadini nazo zilimele. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukulahleka kwezitshalo kungenzeka, futhi kubalulekile.
Kulokhu, lapho i-shrew ivela esizeni, abanikazi baqala ukwethuka futhi, baqala ukucabanga ukuthi bangasusa kanjani lesi sinambuzane esincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulwa nabo kumele kuqalwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kungavela ikoloni lonke lama-shrews esizeni.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yomzabalazo, kufanele ukale konke, ngoba:
- Lesi silwane senza okuhle kakhulu kunokulimaza. Ama-Shrews ashabalalisa izinambuzane eziningi ezikule ndawo, okuletha ukulimaza kuphela futhi kungazuzisi.
- Ukudla okuthandayo kwesibaya ibhere, ukhuni, uMay mabhungane, iminyundu, amasiga namaxoxo.
- Lapho imisele ibila njalo, lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhamba komoya-mpilo enhlabathini.
- Icala elibi wukuthi ama-shrews aqhelelene kakhulu (afinyelela ku-40 cubs kulitha) futhi izimbobo eziningi kakhulu ziholela kumphumela ongemuhle. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, inzuzo yalesi silwanyana incane kakhulu, kepha iphazamisa ukukhula okujwayelekile kwemifino, okusanhlamvu nezinye izitshalo. Uma ama-shrews efica yonke ingadi, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma yini ikhule.
Ungasiphatha kanjani lesi silwane
Njengoba lesi silwane siletha izinzuzo eziningi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kunokulimaza, ukulwa naso kuvame ukuba nehlazo. Into esemqoka ukuvimba umgodi ekuzaleni endaweni ngejubane elikhulu, ngoba lokhu kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu kwisilimo.
Ukuqala ukulwa nalesi silwane, udinga ukutadisha imikhuba yaso, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi yini eheha. Uma ungazidaleli lezi zimo ezinhle kubo, khona-ke bazokwazi ukulawula inqubo yempilo, noma bashiye ngokuphelele isayithi. Kunezimo ezi-2 ezinje: ukuba khona kokudla kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Uma ukuthambisa okujwayelekile okwenziwa nsuku zonke kwenziwa esizeni, khona-ke kunengqondo ukuwuyeka. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko kubo.
Izindlela zabantu zomzabalazo
Imvamisa abanikazi ngokwabo kufanele basolwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane ziyavela esizeni sabo. Ukuze ungaqali impi yangempela, kungcono uhlaziye ngokushesha ukuthi yini edale ukubukeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi asikho isidingo sokulwa noma yimuphi umzabalazo, kwanele ukushiya noma yiziphi izindlela ezingathinti isivuno esikhulu, kepha zikhanga izinambuzane kuphela. Uma utadisha uhlobo lomsebenzi obalulekile walesi silwane, ungabhekana naso kalula, uphoqe ukuthi ashiye indawo.
Ukususa umakhelwane onjalo, kwanele ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningi:
- Thela imisele ngamanzi angenalutho. Indlela iyasebenza impela uma wazi kahle ukuthi lezi zinto zihamba kuphi kanye nokuhlelwa kwazo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umphumela uzoba zero. Okokuqala udinga ukuqoqa amanzi, okungenani ibhakede elilodwa. Izenzo kufanele zisheshe. Ngemuva kwalokhu, oqondileyo kuzodingeka ashiye indawo.
- Sebenzisa ukudla noma izinto ezinuka kabi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa inhlanzi ebolile noma inyama. Izinto ezinjenge-naphthalene, uphethiloli, uphalafini nazo ziyafaneleka. Izingulule zithambile kuzo bese zibekwa eduze komnyango wamancibilikisi awo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi le mikhiqizo izonuka kabi hhayi ezilwaneni kuphela, kodwa nakubaninikhaya nakomakhelwane.
- Tshala ezinye izitshalo engadiniokuthi, ngephunga lazo, kuthinte kabi lezi zilwane. Izitshalo ezinjalo zifaka i-mint, umhlonyane, i-thyme, i-lentil, i-grouse yombusi, njll.
Isicelo samakhemikhali
Uma ama-shrews ehlukanise kakhulu kusayithi, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho akukho muntu owanaka le nkinga, ngeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwamakhemikhali okunciphisa ngokushesha inani labantu. Ukubhekana nazo, kwanele ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ukulwa namagundane. Ama-ejenti elawula amakhemikhali athengiswa kungaba ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezitolo zehardware. Ngenye indlela, umuthi ungathengwa esitolo online. Amathuluzi anjalo angasebenza:
- I-Nutcracker. Iphinda isisindo esiminyene sohlaza. Leli thuluzi libulala amagundane anjengamagundane namagundane, kodwa futhi angasetshenziswa ngokumelene nama-shrews. Into ibekwe eceleni kwezimbobo. Uma kudliwa isithiyo, isilwane siyofa.
- Hunter Antigryzun. Le nto ithengiswa ngohlobo lwama-briquette, afaka ushizi, ufulawa nezinye izithasiselo eziheha bobabili ama-moles nama-shrews. Izilwane ziyafa ngenxa yokugcwala.
- Ukufa kwamagundane. AbakwaSrews bafa ngokushesha kule ubuthi. Yisidakamizwa esinobuthi kakhulu esidala ukuqunjelwa ukopha kwangaphakathi. Kepha kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Okubhaliwe! Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akunconyelwanga kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kunamakati nezinja epulazini ezingayidla ngephutha inyathi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, awukwazi ukubagcina endlini, futhi bahamba nomaphi lapho bafuna khona. Ngenxa yalokho, bangafa. Ayikho i-chemistry eyingozi engatheni futhi phambi kwezingane ezincane ezaziqukethe izinto ezingaziwa zisheshe zangena emlonyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubuthi obunzima futhi kungenzeka bubulale.
Abathengisi
Abaningi bayazi ukuthi kukhona abathengisi be-elektroniki abasebenza ngomshini abathinta kabi izinduku, hhayi bona kuphela. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi imikhiqizo enjalo ayisebenzi kuphela ezinambuzaneni, kodwa nakwizilwane ezifuywayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe abaningi baveza ukuthi amaza e-ultrasonic, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, anomthelela omubi kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezisebusweni bomhlaba akunakwenzeka ukuthi "zicutshungulwe" yilawa madivayisi.
Ngingasusa kanjani isigaxa ekhishini lasehlobo
I-Shrew yisilwane esincanyana kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okuyinto ebabazekayo. Izilwane ezinje zihlala esigodini, ezintabeni nasehlathini.
Okubalulekile! Balitholile leli gama ngoba bathanda ukuqothuka engxenyeni ephezulu yomhlaba evulekile. Ngakho-ke, bafuna izinambuzane.
I-Shrew shrew isisabalele eRussia. Kepha akanabungozi njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlala evusa ngaphezulu komhlaba, izilimo ezahlukahlukene ziyathinteka. Ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kufanele usebenzise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubhekana nesilwane.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali
Ubuthi bamakhemikhali buyindlela esebenzayo yokubhekana ne-shrew, futhi esebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu. Imiphumela emihle yabonwa lapho kusetshenziswa ubuthi. Ngalezi zinhloso, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Nutcracker, Rat Death, Hunter anti-rodent.
Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sidakamizwa sikhethiwe, sizofakwa ku-mink ngayinye. Elinye ithuluzi lingabekwa eduze komnyango. Lapho usebenzisa amakhemikhali, izinyathelo zokuphepha kumele zibhekwe.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukulwa okunje nge-shark kungalimaza izilwane ezifuywayo, impilo yezingane. Lapho usebenzisa umuthi, gqoka amagilavu ezandleni zakho kanye nesifihlo ebusweni bakho.
Futhi, umkhiqizo kumele usetshenziswe ngokuqinile kuleyo dosage, ekhonjiswayo kwiphakheji. Kuzoba mnandi futhi ukufunda ukuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani umanyolo ukuze ukhulise izithombo zikatamatisi.
Izindlela Mehendi
Ukuze ulwe nama-shrews ezweni, ungasebenzisa izicupho kanye nezicupho, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhwabanisa amagundane kanye namagundane. Ukuphindisela imvukuzane kuzoba inketho enhle yomqwayizi. Izicupho ezisebenza ngomshini ngendlela yama-turntables aqinile zingabekwa kuyo yonke indawo.
Kepha baqala ukusebenza ngomoya onamandla. Ama-Shrew awawuthandi umsindo oqhubekayo, ngenxa yalokho athuthela kwenye indawo.
Iseluleko!Ugesi wethukile. Le divaysi, ngokufana neyemishini, isebenza kusuka kugesi. Ungavula uma uthanda. Abathengisi bohlobo lwe-elekthronikhi bakhiqiza umsindo ophansi kakhulu phakathi kwe-400 Hz enomsakazo ongama-20 m.
Izikena ezinjalo azisebenzi ezifuywayo nakubantu, kepha azijabulisi ngama-shrews. Basabela ngokushesha emsindweni ovelile futhi bashiye indawo kanye nezimvukuzane, amagundane nezinyoka.
Amakhambi esintu
Kunezindlela eziningi zasekhaya ezifakazelwe zokulwa namagundane. Kuliqiniso, azikwazi ukubizwa ukuthi zisebenza ngokuphelele, kodwa njengesilinganiso sesikhashana ziyafaneleka.
Izikhukhula zamanzi. Abanye abalimi nabahlali basehlobo basebenzisa le ndlela yokulwa nama-shrews. Bavele bathathe futhi bagcwalise i-mink yamagundane ngamanzi. Kepha njengoba izilwane zincane impela, futhi ngaphansi komhlaba zingaba nezinamba eziningi zezinkonkwane, le ndlela ayinakubizwa ngokuthi iyasebenza.
Isebenza kuphela uma kunamachiza ambalwa endaweni futhi izindawo ngqo zaziwa. Vele, ukudubula izilwane ezinjalo ngesibhamu noma ukuthumela igesi enobuthi ku-mink nakho akusebenzi.
Ukumba ngokujulile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukulwa ne-shrews, bangasebenzisa indlela yokumba ngokujulile isiza. Le ndlela ithathwa njengokuchitha isikhathi, kepha iyasebenza. Kepha ungacabangi ukuthi izilwane zizoshiya indawo enhle.
Kepha ukunciphisa inani labo kungokoqobo impela. Lapho nje bezithola bengenazo izindlu, bazofuna ukushiya le sayithi beyofuna enye indawo. Kepha lokhu akwenzeki njalo futhi izinkonkxa ezintsha zingabonakala engadini.
Iphunga elibi. Ama-Shrew anomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga futhi awathandi iphunga lezinhlanzi ezibolile. Ngakho-ke, izingcezu zezinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa ukubiyela indawo yonke, zizijule zibe yi-minks. Ungasebenzisa i-fishmeal njengomanyolo.
Isixwayiso: Ukuzwa iphunga elingathandeki, izilwane ziqala ukushiya indawo. Ngisho nokulwa, ungasebenzisa amakha akhethekile kakhudlwana, i-naphthalene noma i-ammonia.
Izinto ezifakwe kulezi zingoma kufanele zibekwe kuma-minks. Kuliqiniso, isiqinisekiso esingu-100% asikwazi ukufinyelelwa, njengoba ama-shrews engenza bona ukuthi basebenze futhi baqeqe isigqoko.
Ukufakwa kwesithiyo. Ukuvikela isiza kuma-shrews, ungafaka isithiyo. I-mesh enhle eyenziwe ngeplastiki noma yensimbi ilungele lokhu. Kufanele ime nxazonke yensimu. Bambe ngokujula kwe-1,2 m.
Ngaphezulu, ungashiya u-10-15 cm wezikhala. Ingagxiliswa kocingo ngemuva kwesikhathi. Idizayini efanayo izovimba wonke amabanga angaphansi komhlaba kwama-shrews.
Ukutshala izitshalo. Uma ucubungula izinketho ezahlukahlukene zokulwa nama-shrews, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo, lapho zitshaliwe, amagundane ngokushesha okushiye insimu.
Ngakho-ke ama-shrews awathandi ubhontshisi ne-euphorbia. Engadini ungatshala uphizi nobhontshisi abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungenzeka kungenzeki ukuqeda ngokuphelele izilwane ezincane, kepha ukunciphisa inani labo kungokoqobo impela.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-marigolds ajwayelekile ukulwa nezilwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukomisa isiko, uligaye kahle bese ulihlakaza endaweni ngaphambi kokumba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umjondolo usabeka kude ngephunga elikhipha lesi sitshalo.
Ngisho nama-marigolds angatshalwa eceleni kwemiphetho yensimu, khona-ke izilwane ngeke zingene kuyo. Ngokuqondene nesitshalo ngokwaso, kuyinto engathandeki ngokuphelele ekunakekelweni futhi ingaba yinto enhle kakhulu yomhlobiso engadini yakho. Esinye isitshalo esingathembeki yi-itheniphu, kodwa ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ama-turnips kukhonjisiwe kulesi sihloko.
Izicupho ezenziwa ekhaya
Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa imali ekuthengeni izicupho ezenziwe ngomumo, ungazama ukwenza okwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinketho ezilandelayo:
Kubalulekile! Thatha isiqeshana sepayipi elincane lesentimitha. Faka ama-shutter kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Kufanele zisebenze ngaphakathi. Lapho nje isilwane singcwaba ikhala laso kwelinye lama-shutter, siyovula kancane indlela yaso kancane size siphumule komunye umgadli. Ngakho-ke, ngeke akwazi ukuzivulela indlela futhi abanjwe.
Lo mklamo uthathwa njengento elula kunazo zonke. Ibizwa ngokuthi isicupho se-wire. Kuyadingeka ukufaka i-spacer eduze nokungena komgodi. Lapho nje i-rodent isithinte, indlela yokukhiya iyasebenza. Manje udinga kuphela ukususa ama-rodices abanjwe ogibeni ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ungacabangi ukuthi ama-shrew ayizilwane ezingenangozi. Uma zisensimini, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphumelele ekukhuleni isivuno esigcwele imbewu. Kepha uma usebenzisa izindlela ezethulwe ukulwa nezilwane, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-rodent ingathathi hlangothi futhi ishiye indawo ngokuphelele.
Ungayisusa kanjani i-shrew engadini
I-Shrew isilwane ezincelisayo ezingavikeleki zomndeni wama-shrews. Ngokuyinhloko, endaweni yethu ungathola i-shrew shrew. Isilwane sibukeka njengegundane nemvukuzane. Ifaka i-muzzle ende, efana ne-proboscis, amehlo nezindlebe ezincane kakhulu.
Isigaxa esivandeni siyasebenziseka ngoba sidla izinambuzane ezilimaza ingadi.
Kepha okususa kwayo - ifuna ukudla, ibamba imigodi eminingi uma ingatholi abantu abangabazi abashiywe ngama-voles noma ngama-moles. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwezitshalo. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi abaningi bathi impi ngaye.
Izimpawu zakhe
Bheka eduze, mhlawumbe hhayi ubuqili ukusola ngezinkinga engadini. Ama-Shrews ajwayele ukusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwabanye abantu ngezinhloso zabo. Kusuka ezimpundwini nasezinkampanini ezenziwa insimu kulimala kakhulu.Ngemuva kwakho konke, isilwane esidonsa izinambuzane ngenani elikhulu sifanelwe ukwazisa.
- Indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke ukubona isilwane.
- Zibhekabheka phezulu, cishe azishiyi mhlaba, iminkin mincane kakhulu.
- Uma nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo efile ziboshwe, khona-ke lokhu akusona neze isigaxa. Bondla izinambuzane kuphela.
Indlela yokuphila yezinambuzane
Lokhu kungavikeleki kungadla amagremu ama-20- 30 we-arthropods ngosuku, okuphindwe ka-6,6 isisindo sawo. Ngenxa yokugayeka kokudla emzimbeni, baba imilutha yokudla, ngaphandle kwawo bangaphila amahora amaningi ayi-11.
Izilwane zihlala zodwa. Usuku oluthile badlula endaweni encane yamamitha-skwele ayi-1-1,5, kepha "ezindaweni zokuzingela" eziphelele bangathola indawo efinyelela kumamitha ayi-10.
Isixwayiso: Amakati nezinja ezifuywayo ngeke zizingele ama-shrews ngenxa yephunga lawo elingajabulisi ngokweqile.
Kodwa ngenxa yendawo encane yokuhlala, umuntu akadingi ukuthi acabange ukuthi ama-shrews ayinangozi. I-fecundity enkulu ibenza basabe ama-moles amaningi nezinye izilwane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kwilitha elilodwa lowesifazane, kutholakala amawundlu angama-40, insikazi inika amalitha ama-2-3 ngesizini, bese amathole amancanyana avuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungahambisani nezimpawu zokuqala zokuba khona kwe-shrew, khona-ke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje izindawo zakho nazo zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane zizohlaselwa ibutho labadwebi abangaphansi komhlaba. Bangalimaza kakhulu. Ama-Shrew awondli ezitshalweni, kepha bamba umhlabathi futhi alimaze izimpande zawo.
Ngokuhamba ngamaphasi angaphansi komhlaba, amawundlu abambelela emhlane nasemisileni yawo, ngemuva kwalokho lonke “isitimela” linamathela emuva emsileni kamama nomsila.
Ama-Shrews awusizo ezilwaneni zasendle, adla izinambuzane eziningi ezinjengamabhere, ama-wireworms, izibungu zezimpukane. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, babhubhisa iminyundu, esiza ukusiza ukukhulula umhlaba.
Engadini, lezi zilwane zisalimaza kakhulu kunokuhle. Balimaza izimpande zezitshalo, bambe inhlabathi ngezinga lokuthi kwesinye isikhathi izilimo zimane ziwele ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ngaphandle kokulimala, ama-shrews anconyelwe ukwethuka futhi ahlukane nezindawo zasendlini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuze angabangeli ubuthi noma abulale.
Izindlela zomzabalazo
Lapho ukhetha indlela yomzabalazo, khumbula ubulukhuni obukhulu be-shrews. Uma ungakwazi ukubasusa ngemizamo engama-2-3, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi ulwe nenqwaba yezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, nikeza ukukhetha izindlela ezisebenzayo kunokuba zishibhile zokuvikela.
Izindlela zabantu zomzabalazo. Okokuqala, ungazama izindlela zamahhala zokulwa zabantu. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iningi lezindlela ezithandwayo zokulwa nabasizi azisebenzi kahle noma zilimaze obala.
Kubalulekile! Izakhamizi ezithile ezingathembekile zincomela ukuthi kungcwatshwe izimbambo ezazigxishwe kaphethiloli noma upharafini eduze kwemibhede. Siyethemba ukuthi iningi lezakhamizi zasehlobo ziyaqonda ukuthi kuzokwenzekani lapho uphethiloli uvuza emhlabathini futhi ungene emanzini angaphansi.
Abanye abantu bacebisa ukuthola inja noma ikati. Kepha lapha udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-shrews ngaphansi komsila anezindlala ezigcina uketshezi oluningi kakhulu futhi olunobuthi. Ngokushesha, izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zizokwazi ukuthi ama-shrews awazingelwa.
Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokulawula ukutshala iphunga elingajabulisi endaweni yesitshalo. Isibonelo, ungatshala u-anyanisi, ugarliki, umdumba, upelepele. Inkinga ukuthi izitshalo ezinjalo "zivikela" indawo encane kuphela ebazungezile. Ama-Shrews nawo angajwayela iphunga.
Ukugcwala kwemigudu ngamanzi nakho kungabaza okukhulu. Ngasizathu simbe, akekho oweluleka ukuthi kufakwe igesi enobuthi emaphaseji angaphansi komhlaba we-shrews. Manje kungani wonke umuntu ethathe isinqumo sokuthi izikhukhula zizosiza.
Ukuze lesi silinganiso sisebenze ngempela, kuzodingeka amalitha ayi-100-150 amanzi. Ngokuvamile, kunokulimala okuningi okuvela kokuguguleka kwenhlabathi okunkudlwana kunokuqothuka.
Ukumba umhlaba ngokujulile, njengendlela yokulwa nama-shrews, nakho kuphakamisa imibuzo. Mhlawumbe entwasahlobo le ndlela ifanelekile, kepha lapho imbewu sesivele itshaliwe futhi sekuvele izithombo, akekho ozogaya yonke indawo.
Ukumba kuphela izindawo ezinezimbobo ezitholakele nokuhamba nakho akusizi ngalutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lena akuyona indlela ebabazekayo, izokwethusa inkathazo okwesikhashana nje.
Indlela ethokozisayo yomzabalazo ukubamba isilayidi esime mpo size sibe ngu-40 cm phezu kwengxenye yonke yesayithi, ngaleyo ndlela kudaleke ukuthi kube "yisithiyo" sabakhubazekile. Le ndlela ilungile impela, ngaphandle kobunzima.
Iseluleko! Yini okufanele uyenze ngalezo zinhlaka ezingaba ukuthi 'zivaliwe' esizeni? Kunoma ikuphi, kuyindlela yokuvimbela, kunokuzabalaza.
Amakhemikhali amelana namagundane. Ukubuka konke nokuqhathanisa Kunemithi ejwayelekile ye-rodent. Zinhle ngokubulala hhayi ama-shrews kuphela, kepha futhi nezimvukuzane, amagundane, namanye ama-unstivores namagundane.
Inkinga enkulu ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali yingozi yokufaka ubuthi ezifuyweni nasezinganeni. Isikhathi futhi kufanele sidlule ukuze inkathazo ithole futhi idle isiheho.
Amakhambi ajwayelekile ama-shrews
Amakhambi ajwayelekile ama-shrews
Uma ngemuva kokusebenzisa ikhambi kungasizanga, kuzodingeka ukuthi uphinde uphathe insimu ngenye ubuthi.
Abathengisi abanobuhlakani. Njengoba i-shrew iyilungu lomqondo elithuthuke kakhulu elizwa futhi nekhono lokuthatha ezinye izidlidliza, izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu kuzoba ngukuphindisela.
Le divayisi ikhiqiza amaza ahlukahlukene e-infra- ne-ultrasonic adala ukungakhululeki okuhle kwama-shrews. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphoqeleka ukushiya "izizathu zabo zokuzingela".
Umthengisi omuhle uhlala esebenzisa imvamisa engaphezu kweyodwa futhi asebenze, ngezikhathi ezithile ezishintsha noma ezivimba ngokuphelele umsebenzi isikhashana. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-shrews awakwazi ukujwayela ukungaphatheki kahle komsindo okuqhubekayo.
Abathengisi abaningi ngomsebenzi bazodinga ukubambeka emhlabathini bajule ngamasentimitha angama-30- 40. Futhi, iningi lingakuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwendawo yamamitha-skwele angama-300-500.
Lapho ufaka, khumbula ukuthi izigodi noma izithiyo eziqinile njengamatshe amakhulu zivimbela umsindo ukuthi ungasabalali ngaphansi komhlaba. Lapho ukhetha i-repeller, gxila futhi kumabhethri. Amapaneli elanga adinga ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi amabhethri kufanele afakwe esikhundleni. Amamodeli amaningi abiza ama-ruble ayi-1000-2500.
Ukulwa ne-shrew ezweni
I-shrew ngumhlaba wezilwane ezincelisayo, okuthi, yize usayizi omncane, ungadala izinkinga eziningi ngomsebenzi wazo ekhishini lasehlobo.
Ukuqapha: Umjondolo ubhekisele kulezo zilwane eziwusizo engadini, ngoba ukudla kwazo kuqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezilimaza amasimu amasiko futhi zisongele isivuno.
Uhlangothi olubi lomsebenzi olusebenzayo ukuthi i-shrew isesha izigaba zokuphuka kokudla emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ikwazi ukugaya isiza sonke, ngakho-ke ukungayinaki le nkinga akunconywa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwabathengisi nezicupho
Ukulwa nama-shrews kusiza nakho kungenziwa ngezindlela ezingokomzimba, ezibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho ezikhethekile nabathengisi. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengesebenzayo kakhulu kunokusebenzisa amakhambi abantu.
Okubalulekile: Abakhiqizi abaningi bemisindo ekhethekile yokuthengisa umsindo abaqinisekisi ukulahla okusheshayo nje kuphela kwe-shrew, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela ukubukeka kwezinambuzane eziningi esizeni.
Ibanga okudlula kulo umphumela womsindo likububanzi ukusuka kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwekhilomitha eyi-1. Ngakho-ke, yilowo nalowo ohlala ehlobo uzokwazi ukukhetha imodeli efanelekile, ebheka ubukhulu bendawo engaphansi kwedolobha.
Ngokuqondene nezicupho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile ama-shrews, okuhloswe ukuthi abekwe ngqo emiseleni.
Uma kunesifiso sokuthola amadivaysi akhethekile, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe kuma-mousetraps ajwayelekile, okumele abekwe lapho kuhamba khona izinambuzane. Izimbungulu kanye izibungu zingasetshenziswa njengesiheho.
Ukubhujiswa Kwamakhemikhali
Uma izindlela ezingenhla zokulawula zingalethi imiphumela ebilindelwe, noma uma inani lezidakamizwa likhulu kangangokuba abantu nezindlela ezibonakalayo kuba nje ukuchitha isikhathi, kubalulekile ukuhlala kumakhemikhali akhethekile.
Ngokwezincomo zabahlali abaningi ehlobo, amakhambi alandelayo azibonakalise ngokwawo ekulweni ne-shrews:
- Ukufa kwamagundane yinto enobuthi eholela ekukhuleni kokopha kwangaphakathi nokwanela inkathazo esele ikunambitha. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kunconywa kuphela ezimweni ezibucayi. Kubalulekile ukubeka isibulala-zinambuzane ngendlela yokuthi izilwanyana ezifuywayo zingakwazi ukufaka ubuthi.
- Hunter Antigrizzun - ithuluzi elakhelwe ukubhubhisa ama-shrews kanye nezimvukuzane. Umuthi umelelwa yi-briquette noshizi, ufulawa nezinye izinto eziheha izinduku, ezigcina zibulawa wukugcwala.
- I-Nutcracker iyinto eminyene ehloselwe ukufakwa eduze kwamasango emiseleni yamajikijolo.
Ukuze ucekele phansi ama-shrews endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha, ungasebenzisa noma yiziphi ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane ezihloselwe ukuqothula izinduku. Kepha kufanele ukhumbule ngezindlela zokuphepha futhi unqande ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezinobuthi bezingane ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Lezi zilwane zihlala zodwa, zambe izindinyana ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Amakati awawadli, ngoba izinambuzane zinephunga elingathandeki. Ukukhula okuncane akuvame ukusinda ebusika, futhi kuhlala kuphela abanamandla nabaqinile.
Ngokwe-shrew, ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-18 cm, futhi lokhu ngesisindo sama-g 100. Izinsikazi ziphila inyanga ende kunabesilisa, futhi isikhathi sazo sokuzala sizalwa ngoJulayi-Agasti (kuze kufike kuma-40 abantu ngehektha).
Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa nama-shrews, kepha isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwawo kubalulekile kule ndaba. Ama-Shrews azala masinyane kakhulu futhi maduze uzohlangana nesibalo sabantu abahlaba umxhwele, okuzoba nzima kakhulu ukusiqothula kunesilwane esisodwa.
Unecala ngaphandle kwecala
Endaweni yethu, ungathola ikakhulukazi i-shrew shrew. Umzimba wayo umbozwe ngoboya obufushane obuthambile: emuva inombala onsundu ngombala, esiswini ilula. Ubude besilwane bungama-4-9 cm, kanti isisindo, njengommiselo, asidluli kwi-10-12 g.Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezincane zezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaphandle, i-shrew ifana negundane nemvukuzane.
Iseluleko! Sihluka kuphela ngesiphuphu esidala, amehlo nezindlebe ezincane kakhulu. Lesi isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-hedgehog nemvukuzane, nayo engokwokuhleleka kwama-unstivores. Futhi bakubiza ngokuthi i-shrew ngoba amathiphu amazinyo abomvu ansundu.
Lesi silwane esincane ngesinye esidala. Okhokho bakhe baphila kulezo zikhathi ezikude lapho kwakungekho zilwane zesimanje eMhlabeni.
I-shrew ngokwayo ayifanele kahle imigodi yokumba. Yathola igama layo ngenxa yakhala eliphakeme le-proboscis, ngosizo lwayo ifuna izinambuzane ezifihliwe engxenyeni ephezulu yenhlabathi evulekile nakuyo udoti othambile wesitshalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, sikhulula inhlabathi bese siyigcwalisa umoya-mpilo.
Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, isilwane siyamamatheka kakhulu. Kumenyu yakhe kukhona ama-slugs, amabhere, amabhungane ka-Maycriffer, amabhungane amaqabunga, imichilo, amacimbi emundu kanye nesikhwanyana, izibungu, izibungu, izintwala zezinkuni, izicabucabu.
Lapho umgodi ulamba kakhulu, ungabandakanyeka kubuciko bempi ngebhungane lomhlabathi ngisho negundane elincane. Uma nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo efile zihlanganiswa, khona-ke leli akulona iphutha le-shrew. Njengama-rodents, i-shrew ihlala emigodini, kepha ikhetha ukusebenzisa ukunyakaza okushiywe abanye.
Isilwane sinemetabolism ebukhali kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kumane kubhekelwe ekufuneni ukudla njalo. Usuku “lokusebenza” lwe-shrew ngamahora ayi-12,5-16. Ngokusho kososayensi, ehlobo konke okushibhile okuhlala ehektheleni elilodwa kudla kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-20 kg wezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ngenyanga, kwathi ngonyaka - 102 - 210 kg.
Umzimba wesilwane uguqulwa ukuze kugaywe ukudla okusheshayo kakhulu ngokukhishwa kweningi lokushisa, amanoni emzimbeni wesigaqiki awanqwabelani, ngakho-ke ayizifihli. Ebusika, uphoqeleka ukuba azingele, abeke izindiza zakhe ezigoqayo ngaphansi kweqhwa futhi abheke izisulu zakhe, kanye nembewu esele kusukela ekwindla.
Umbono kuseshini akakhelwanga kahle - amehlo mancane futhi awaboni. Uthola inyamazane yakhe ngosizo lokuhogela nokuthinta. Kepha ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqondisa ebusuku phakathi kokuxhunyaniswa kwezimpande neziqu, yi-echolocation, eye yafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ososayensi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuthi izingozi ezengeziwe ezisongela lo mkhuba, kuphakama ukuzala kwazo. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuphelele kuma-shrews. Izilwane ezasinda kubo bonke ubunzima ebusika ziqala ukuzala kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-13 kuye kwezingu-20, kuthi ngokwesilinganiso kuzalwe izingane ezinhlanu. Ngosuku lwe-17, aqala ukukhahlela esidlekeni, kepha awasuki kude kunina.
Futhi ukuze zingalahleki, zihlangana entanjeni lapho wonke umuntu ebambe amazinyo akhe ngomsila phambi kwe-Walker, futhi owokuqala - ngomsila kamama. Ngosuku lwama-22, lezi zidalwa ezincane kakhulu zihlala futhi zifune ukudla esizeni sikamama.
Kepha insikazi endala ayimisi nakancane. Kaningi usondla amawundlu akhe, futhi usekhulelwe futhi. NgoJulayi-Agasti, inani lezilwane lifinyelela inani lazo - isilinganiso sama-40 ngehektha ngalinye, bese libuye linciphe futhi: abantu abadala asebephile impilo yabo bayafa.
Abesilisa bangabokuqala ukuhamba, izinsikazi ziphila inyanga ende. Enye yezizathu zekhulu elifushane le-shrew ukuqina okunamandla okubangela ukuguga komzimba okusheshayo. Unyaka wokuqala, umfanyana osemncane noqandayo uyakhula futhi uthola amandla.
Ngemuva kobusika, uma unenhlanhla futhi uhlala uphila, isivele ikwazi ukuzala. Lapho esefeze umsebenzi wakhe wemvelo, uyafa futhi anikeze izizathu zokuzingela kwakhe esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
I-shrew cishe ayinazitha. Usindiswa indlala yezithukuthuku ezifihla uketshezi olunephunga. Ngakho-ke, izilwane nezinyoni ezizingela amagundane ajwayelekile awazitholi izikhwanyana.
Uma lomhlaseli omncane ekucasukela engadini, ungafinyelela ukumuka kwakhe. Kunezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, ungasebenzisa ithuba lokuthi i-shrew inomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga. Amakhanda nokufakwa kwezinhlanzi kungcwatshwa emihlungwini yazo (kanye nakuma-moles). Iphunga elinamandla lokuwohloka lenza isilwane sishiya insimu eyakhiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ezinye izinto ezinamakha noma uketshezi zingafakwa emgodini. Uphethiloli ofanele noma udizili ofanele, i-bleach, ugwayi, i-naphthalene noma i-shag. Abanye abalimi basebenzisa amagesi anobuthi noma amabhomu abhemayo.
Ama-reagents ama-odorous, anjenge-Creatol, i-Ekar, i-Pomethanol, i-Fitodent, namanye, nawo asetshenziswa ekulawuleni izinambuzane .. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kungadala ingozi enkulu empilweni yezilwane ezifuywayo hhayi kuphela, kodwa nabantu.
Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izicupho ezahlukahlukene ezakhelwe kusisekelo se-mousetrap. Ukuze usebenzise i-larva noma isibungu. Ungahlela engadini nabadayisi bemishini abakhipha imisindo ethile.
Elula kakhulu lamadivayisi yisipinashi esivela ebhodleleni lepulasitiki. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zenziwa ngokukhethekile abathengisi be-ultrasonics.
Ubani lowo
IShrew ibizwa ngesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kakhulu zomhlaba. Kepha, ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo, ukulimala okubangelwa umsebenzi wawo kungaba kukhulu, ngoba kungokwezilwane ezinjalo ezidla izinambuzane, zingadla nezilokazane ezinosizo ezingabasizi engadini yakho nasengadini.
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi isilwane esidla ubhedu futhi esisheshayo, siyakwazi ukumba cishe yonke ingadi ngezinsuku ezimbalwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuze ususe, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinkulu futhi ngokushesha!
Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke ngokuqinisekile phambi kwalesi sinambuzane, kusakufanelekela ukuphawula lesi silo esincane esizeni, lapho-ke kuzokwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile. Kuzoba nzima ukuyibala ngokuya ngemisele, ngoba yincane ngosayizi.
Okunye okutholakalayo kulesi silwane ukuthi azizidli izitshalo. Uma uqaphela izitshalo ezonakele, ungaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu akuyona i-shrew.
Ungayibona i-shrew ngezimpawu ezinjalo zangaphandle: kubukeka njengegundane lenkambu elivamile. Kepha kunezimpawu ezincane zomehluko phakathi kwamagundwane amabili. Okokuqala, i-shrew inomsila omude futhi obukhulu. Okwesibili, i-muzzle inde kakhulu kunale yegundane.
Iseluleko! Ezivandeni zezwe lethu, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalesi silwane imvamisa ziyizinyo lezinyo (elibizwa nangokuthi i-shrew-baby) ne-shrew encane. Uhlobo lwesibili lungoluncane kunayo yonke inhlobo yazo yonke: ngobukhulu bufika ngamasentimitha amahlanu.
Umbala wejazi lakhe uvame ukuba nsundu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuyihlukanisa negundane elijwayelekile lenkambu. Lolu hlobo oluncane kakhulu lwesibazi olimaza kakhulu abalimi nabalimi.
Lolu hlobo lwama-rodent lutholakala ezindaweni ezincane. Kukholakala ukuthi beza eYurophu, balethwa ngemikhumbi. Inokubukeka okuphathelene nalokhu: Uboya obumpunga obunsundu, osayizi abancane abangafinyelela kunethiwekhi yamasentimitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zande kakhulu: ngesizini eyodwa kuphela, zinganikela ngamalitha amane.
Isici esiyingqayizivele semikhono yabesifazane ukuthi bakwazi ukuzala beneminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemibili ubudala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma ungaqali ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane ngesikhathi, inani labo engadini yakho lingabulala.
Okulimazayo futhi kusizakale
Uma uqala ngomonakalo odalwe yi-shrew, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuthi uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi bane-metabolism esheshayo kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele babe sesimweni sokuthola ukudla cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kosayizi omncane wabo, nokubukeka muhle impela, onobuhlakani uthathwa njengomphangi ononya kakhulu. Njengoba zingadla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nezibungu zazo, eziwela ezandleni zazo.
Into esemqoka ukuthi abahlukanisi ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane zezitshalo - zidla wonke umuntu. Usuku, ngokwesibonelo, bangadla izimbungulu nezinqwaba eziningi kangangokuba inani labo lizoba kaningana ukuphakama kwesisindo sesilwane.
Phakathi kwamamaminerasi, umuntu angakhumbula ukuthi ama-shrews amba inani elikhulu lokuhamba nezimbobo ezingaphansi komhlaba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa izaguga ezindala noma njengabafokazi, ngokwesibonelo, abashiya izimvukuzane.
Futhi-ke, ekufuneni izibungu ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi komhlaba, lesi silwane singatha izimpande eziningi, izimpande zezilimo, ngokuvamile, konke okuhlangana ngendlela yabo. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi i-shrew ingalimaza utshani. Kungabulala kalula utshani obunqunyelwe ngokulingana ezinsukwini.
Ukunaka! Phakathi kwezinzuzo zokuhlala esizeni sakho esijwayelekile, kungaphawulwa ukuthi izindima zabo ezingaphansi komhlaba zithuthukisa ukuxhaswa komhlaba. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ezitshalweni ezingaphila ngemuva kokuhlasela kwalesi silwane.
Kepha leli ukuphela kwephuzu elihle ku-shrew kusayithi lakho. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzoba ngcono ukuyiqeda. Ngoba utshani obonakele kanye nesitshalo esifile kusibekela zonke izinzuzo zalesi silwane esihle.
Amasu Wokulawula Amakhemikhali
Eminyakeni eminingi yokusebenza, ososayensi bakha amakhemikhali amaningana enzelwe ukulwa nama-shrews. Phakathi kwazo, okuyikhona okusebenzayo kakhulu kungaphawulwa, ngokwesibonelo, The Nutcracker, Rat Death noma Hunter Antigryzun.
Njengomthetho, zingadala ukuthi i-rodent igcwale futhi ibangele ukufa okusheshayo, okungekho buhlungu.
Into esemqoka ukuthi uqaphele lapho usebenzisa le mishanguzo. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, kubalulekile ukufunda umhlahlandlela oningiliziwe kuyo. Kepha noma kunjalo, noma ngabe ukufa kuzokuza ngokushesha kangakanani ngethambo, le ndlela ayilona ihlazo.
Amasu we-Folk nabathengisi
Ukuthi kuyizindlela zabantu kanye nabathengisi abanobuhlakani. Zilula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa, noma zingasebenzi njalo. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokushayela ama-shrews ukugcwalisa isilwane sasemanzini ngamanzi.
Basho ukuthi uma wenza le nqubo kaningana, isilwane siyoyeka ukuvakashela ikhishi lakho ehlobo. Ama-Shrew awathandi iphunga elibukhali kakhulu, ngoba anomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela. Ngakho-ke ungahamba isikhashana ezindaweni lapho zibonwe khona, inhlanzi ebolile noma uphalafini.
Ithiphu! Kepha lawa phunga nawo awathandeki kubantu, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa i-grouse yombusi, umhlonyane, uphizi, ubhontshisi, u-lentil, iminti njengendlela yokuvimbela.
Kodwa abathengisi bangahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: i-ultrasonic kanye ne-mechanic - okuyindlela enobuhlakani kakhulu yazo zonke izindlela zokubhekana nama-shrews. Azilimazi lesi silwane esincane.
Indlela yakudala yokwesabisa i-shrew ilula impela: udinga ukwenza isipingi esincane, njengomthetho, usebenzise ibhodlela lepulasitiki noma ifula le-aluminium kulokhu, bese ulinamathisela induku. Lapho le divayisi ijikeleza, kuzodala ukunyakaza okuxosha i-rodent kude. Futhi namadivayisi anjalo, asevele aqediwe, athengiswa ezitolo.
Ividiyo engezansi iyisiqondisi sangempela, ngemuva kokufunda ongaziqeda kalula lezi zinhlobo zezilokazane engadini yakho.
Ungasusa kanjani isigaxa esivandeni
Izicucwana ezincane zamagundane zivame ukudala inkinga enkulu endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha. Bona, njengama-moles, abazondli ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, noma kunjalo, beyofuna izibungu nozibungu, badabula izindinyana eziningi kusayithi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi ngokuqondile i-shrew izokonakalisa uhlelo lwempande nezitshalo zezimpande zezitshalo eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngubani oyothanda?
Ama-shrew ngokwawo akha indawo yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba, kepha angavama ukusebenzisa esinye isilwane esishiywe yi-mink, isiqu esibolile esinganqunyelwe kanye nokwakhiwa okuhlukahlukene okutholakalayo ethokheni lasehlobo.
Izindlu zibuye zifakwe ngotshani obomile, ama-moss namaqabunga awileyo. Lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, yisikhathi sokucabanga ngenzalo eningi.
Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into embi kangako. I-shrew ngayinye inengxenye efinyelela ku-30 m2, ngakho-ke inzalo ngeke igxilizwe ngqo kusayithi lakho. Kepha kanjani-ke ukuchaza ijubane elimangalisayo lapho kuvela imigudu emisha?
Konke kukhulunywa ngokudla okusheshayo kwalesi silwane. Umuzwa oqhubekayo wendlala wenza ukuba onobuhlakani abenze impindiselo babheke izibungu ezintsha, izibungu, izibankwa ezincane nezinsimbi.
Isixwayiso: Ebusika, i-shrew ayifihli, kepha iyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo ongaphansi komhlaba.
Sibala izindlela eziphambili ezizosiza ukuxosha isilwane esicasulayo esizeni sakho:
Abathengisi be-Ultrasonic ngokumelene namagundane bazibonakalise ngokwabo kahle. Le ndlela ayilula kakhulu futhi isebenza ngempumelelo, kodwa futhi inobuntu maqondana nesilwane.
Umsindo olula kakhulu ophinda udluliselwe phambili ungenziwa kalula wedwa. Thatha izinduku zensimbi ezacile ezingamamitha ubude bese uzifaka emhlabathini ngokucophelela. Ekupheleni phezulu, faka amathini we-aluminium angahlanzwa ujusi noma ubhiya.
Emoyeni omncane, kuzokwenzeka ukuvevezela, okuzodluliselwa emhlabathini ngophini wensimbi. Le ndlela izesabisa izinambuzane eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba kusayithi lakho.
Kungenziwa kube lula kakhulu. Nge-angle engama-degrees angama-45 ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka komoya, amabhodlela ezingilazi ezivela eziphuzweni ezahlukahlukene abiwa emhlabathini. Umsindo odalwe ngokushaya umoya ngaphakathi kwamabhodlela uzothusa izihlaka.
Uma inja noma ikati lizovela njalo ekhokhoji lakho ehlobo, ama-shrews nama-moles angathanda kakhulu ukugcina ibanga elinenhlonipho ukusuka kule ndawo.
Ngapha komngcele nangezikhathi eziphakathi kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe, ungatshala izitshalo ezingaphenduli izitshalo zasolwandle: ugalikhi, u-anyanisi, upelepele, njll.
Ukutshala okubalulekile kungavikeleka ngamashidi aqinile eshidi lensimbi kanye nokwembiwa okuzungezwe kuwo kuze kube yi-40 cm (eduze, amashidi angaphambili kufanele acindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, ngaphandle kwezikhala).
Kubalulekile: Ezinye izakhamizi zasehlobo zisebenzisa izicupho ezifanayo ezifakwe kumagundane.
Ezitolo ezikhethekile ubuthi buyathengiswa, okufanele busetshenziswe ngokunakekela okukhulu.
Izindlela Eziphumelelayo Zokulwa Ne-Shrew
Isilulu singabizwa ngokuthi isilwanyana esincanyana kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi ekuqaleni sibheke isilwane esingenangozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunika inhlupheko enkulu kubalimi nabalimi, ngoba, ukuzingela izibungu, izibungu nezinye izinambuzane, kudabula iminyakazo eminingi. Kubuye kulimaze ukuvuna imifino, kudle izimpande zezitshalo.
Isimo esiyingqayizivele se-shrew ukuthi sizala kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho uqaphele ukuba khona kwesilwane okungenani esisodwa kusayithi, kufanele ucabange ngokuphuthumayo ngombuzo wokuthi ungaphatha kanjani i-shrew.
Kubukeka kanjani
Isilwane esincane sifana negundane lensimu, kepha i-shrew incane (kufinyelela ku-4 cm), isizalo sayo sibekeke kancane ibe yi-proboscis enyakazayo, amehlo ayo mancane. Inomsila omude kakhulu, omude kune-shrew uqobo.
Uma efuna ukudla, uthanda ukuqhubukusha emhlabathini - yingakho ibizwa nge- “shrew”.
Ukuhlala engadini, i-shrew ingaba wusizo, idla izinambuzane eziningi (idla izinambuzane eziyi-15 g ngosuku). Kepha ukulimala okuvela ebukhoneni bakhe nakho kubalulekile, akadli izinambuzane kuphela, uthanda nemifino ekhula engadini: izaqathe, izimbotshana zemifino neminye imifino yezimpande. Kungaluma nezimpande zamatamatisi, upelepele.
Isikhathi sokuphila sesilwane singaba ngu-1.5 - 2 iminyaka. Insikazi ifinyelela ekukhuleni esikhathini esingaphansi komuntu oyedwa ngaphansi kokuzalwa, ngesikhathi esisodwa izala amawundlu ayi-14. Ukuzala kabusha okunjalo kwama-shrews kudinga izindlela eziphuthumayo zokulwa nakho.
Izindlela Zokulawula Izinambuzane
Kunezindlela eziningi nezindlela zokuqeda isigaxa: njengoba bethi "abantu" noma enye indlela yesimanje. Ngohlobo lwesenzo, zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezinjengalezi:
- Imishini Ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho, izicupho.
- I-Electromechanical Abathengisi be-Shrew (ngokwesisekelo sikagesi noma se-elekthronikhi).
- Amakhemikhali. Ukusetjenziswa kwezihlungu nezinhlungu ezihlukene.
Indlela yemishini ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho nezicupho nokusetshenziswa kwezithiyelo ezithile, imvamisa kakhulu kusetshenziswa izicupho zegundane noma izicupho ezijwayelekile.
Ithiphu! Sebenzisa abathengisi. I-repeller elula kunazo zonke ongayenza ngezandla zakho isebenza ngesisekelo se-spinner, ukudala ukudlidliza enhlabathini. Yenziwe ngamathini amadala, amabhodlela nenduku yensimbi eboshwe emhlabathini. “Imbungulu” enjalo enomsindo nokudlidliza kwenhlabathi izoyesabisa ngokuphelele i-shrew futhi ibaphoqe ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo.
Cishe inqubo efanayo isuselwa kubathengisi bakagesi noma abakhethi bomshini abakhipha imisindo yokuvama okuthile, okuletha ukungathandeki esilwaneni bese siphoqa ukuthi ithole enye indawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho nabathengisi kuyindlela enobuhlakani ngokwengeziwe yokubhekana nama-shrews. Akudingi izindleko ezikhethekile zemali nemizamo, kepha isiza sakho noma ingadi yakho ngeke kuthintwe ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane.
Yilwa nobuthi. Ukususa izikebhe usebenzisa ubuthi akuyona indlela enobuntu kakhulu. Kepha uma ukulimala okubangelwa yempilo yesifo sikhulu kakhulu, khona-ke njengendlela ehlukile kungasebenza.
Ngalezi zinhloso, ubuthi bezintwala bufanele impela. Ingathululelwa ku-mink engadini noma kwesobunxele ngesimo sezithiyo ngaphambi komnyango. Lapho usebenzisa ubuthi, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba izingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo zingahlushwa umuthi onoshevu.