Ngubani imvubu? Ngubani iHippo? Ingabe ukhona umehluko? Kuliqiniso yini ukuthi izindlebe namakhala abo kusondele ngokuzenzakalelayo emanzini? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo, nakwabanye abaningi ezihlobene nokuphila kwesilwane, zingatholakala kule ndatshana.
IHippopotamus, ebizwa nangokuthi imvubu, isilwane esikhulu esinamakhambi esihlala e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Imvubu ingeyesithathu ngobukhulu futhi isisindo, yeqa phambili indlovu nobhejane.
Amanye amaphuzu athakazisayo ngemvubu
1. Yize zifana ngokomzimba nezingulube, izimvubu ziyizihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zemikhomo.
2. Igama elithi "imvubu" lisho ihhashi lomfula.
3. Imvubu inkulu kakhulu futhi isindayo kangangokuba ikwazi ukuhamba kalula ngaphansi kwezansi nemifula namachibi.
4. Emabangeni amafushane, imvubu igijima ngejubane elingama-48 km / h.
5. Azijiki; esikhundleni salokho, akhipha uwoyela obomvu, ovikela isikhumba sabo. Lolu ketshezi olubomvu lwabeletha inganekwane yokuthi imvubu ijuluka negazi.
6. Izilwane zicishe zibe nezinwele ngokuphelele. Isikhumba sabo sithambile, sibucayi kakhulu.
7. Izindlebe namakhala ezilwane avinjiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
8. AmaHippos achitha usuku lonke emanzini. Kodwa azinakubhekwa njengezinhlobo zasemanzini, kunalokho, zaziwa njengezidalwa ezinamanzi wasemanzini.
9. Lapho bezwa besongelwa, bavame ukuvula imilomo yabo emikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokungena, bakhombisa imicu emide nenamandla yomhlathi ophansi.
10. Imisebenzi yezilwane ibaluleke kakhulu kuneyendlovu, ngoba ayiphuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
11. Ama-font ama-hippo amakhulu akhula njalo empilweni yawo yonke.
12. Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside endle cishe siyiminyaka engama-40-50. Imvubu yakudala, ebizwa nge-Donna (ngowesifazane), eyayihlala ekudingisweni yaze yaba neminyaka engama-60. Ushone ngo-Agasti 1, 2012 e-zoo e-Indiana, e-USA.
13. Isisindo esijwayelekile semvubu yowesilisa sisukela ku-1500 kuya ku-1800 kg. Abesilisa bayasinda kancane kunabesifazane. Abesifazane banesisindo esingama-1300-1500 kg. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abesilisa abadala kunesisindo esingu-3200 kg futhi kuyaqabukela kube nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-3600 kg.
14. Ubude balezi zilwane busuka kumamitha ayi-3.3 kuya ku-5.2, umsila ucishe ube ngu-56 cm ngosayizi, futhi ukuphakama kwehlombe okuphakathi kungama-1.5 m.
15. Ubukhulu bezilinganiso zesikhumba zemvubu bubalelwa ku-15 cm, ukuze buzivikele kubantu abangahle bahlaselwe.
16. Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zazivame kakhulu eYurophu naseNyakatho ne-Afrika.
17. Ama-Hippos achitha amahora angama-4-5 edla, zonke izinsuku zidla utshani abangama-68 kg. Bahlala herbivorous ikakhulukazi. Zidla ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhambi, futhi zidla no-carrion.
18. Owesifazane ufinyelela ukuvuthwa eneminyaka eyi-6. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-8. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngeminyaka engu-7.5. Zizala ithole elilodwa ngethole ngalinye. Imvubu yezingane enesisindo esingama-25 - 45 kg ubude obulinganiselwa kuma-cm ayi-127. Ngokuvamile amakhefu azalwa emanzini. Isikhathi sokulunyulwa sithatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-6-8.
19. Zihlala kakhulu emanzini. Wonke umuntu ulawula umucu womfula.
20. Ukulwa phakathi kwabo kuyesabeka kakhulu, kepha akuvamile ukuphela ngokufa.
21. Izinyoni ezincane zinesibopho sokususa izinambuzane esikhunjeni sazo.
Okapi
Imvubu noma imvubu ejwayelekile iyisilwane esincanyana esivela kuma-artiodactyls oku-oda, ingulube engaphansi (efana non-ruminant), imindeni yemvubu. Kungukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lwayo. Isici esibonakalayo sesilwane silele kwindlela yaso yokuphila yasemanzini: ukusebenzisa isikhathi sabo ikakhulukazi emanzini, imvubu iya emhlabeni ebusuku kuphela ngokudla. Imvubu ihlala emanzini acwebile, angavamile ukutholakala olwandle.
Incazelo yeHippo
Imvubu ngesinye sezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zomhlaba. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesilisa cishe singama-1600 kg, kwabesifazane lesi sibalo singama-1400 kg. Ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,65. Ubude bomzimba kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwamabili.
Imvubu imane nje ayinakwenzeka ukudideka nanoma yisiphi esinye isilwane ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo. Isifutho esikhulu sesilwane esifana nomgqomo sihlanganisa nemilenze emifushane, eminyene esifushane kangangokuba isisu sicishe sithinte umhlabathi ngenkathi sihamba. Ikhanda likhulu kakhulu, lingunxande kuphrofayili, isisindo salo lifinyelela kuma-900 kg. Intamo nayo imfushane, ivezwa buthaka. Amehlo amancanyana, amashiya amile. Amakhala abanzi. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyahamba ngeselula, ngazo lesi silwane singazixosha izinyoni nezinambuzane. Amakhala, amehlo nezindlebe ziphakanyisiwe futhi zitholakala endizeni efanayo, ngakho-ke sekwanele ukuthi imvubu iveze ikhanda lekhanda lisuka emanzini ukuphefumula, ukubuka nokuzwa.
Isibalo esikhulu ngaphambili simbozwe nge-vibrissae. Imihlathi ububanzi obungu-60-70 cm.Umlomo uyakwazi ukuvula kakhulu. Emilenzeni, iminwe emine exhunywe ulwelwesi. Umsila umfishane, uthinta ithiphu.
Umbala womvubu ungwevu onsundu ngombala opinki. Isikhumba esizungeze amehlo nezindlebe sipinki. Umhlane uvame ukubamnyama bese ubomvu wesisu. Isikhumba singama-4 cm ubukhulu.
Izici Zamandla weHippo
AmaHippos yi-herbivores. Ukudla kwabo kwenziwa ngamakhambi aseduze namanzi kanye nomhlaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abadli imifino yasemanzini. Imvubu idla emhlabathini, futhi empeleni "isike" utshani ngaphansi kwempande. Umuntu omdala udla ama-40 kuya kwangama-70 kg wokudla ngosuku.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, imvubu zigcinwa zihlukile kwabanye abantu, yize ngokuvamile ziyizilwane zomhlambi. Ndawonye, abesifazane kuphela abanamawundlu badla njalo. Imvubu ayihambeli kude kune-3 km ukusuka emanzini iyofuna ukudla.
Muva nje, kuphinde kwaba nemininingwane mayelana nokuziphatha okulimaza imvubu, ukuhlaselwa ngezinsikazi, izinyamazane, izinkomo.
Ukusakazeka kweHippo
Manje imvubu isatshalaliswa kuphela emazweni aseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika, ngaphandle kwaseMadagascar. Kusukela ngonyaka we-2008, bekukhona abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-125 kuye kwezingu-150 ezwenikazi, futhi ngeshwa, lesi sibalo sehla ngokuqina. Iningi labantu bemvubu lihlala empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi, Malawi). ENtshonalanga Afrika, inani labantu lilincane ngobubanzi obudwetshwe kakhulu (iSenegal, Guinea-Bissau).
Ukubhaliswa okujwayelekile kwemvubu
Imvubu ejwayelekile inhlobo eyodwa lapho okunjalo kwahlukaniswa khona:
- IHippopotamus amphibius amphibius - okuyi-subspecies ejwayelekile, okuhlala kuyo iSudan, i-Ethiopia kanye nenyakatho yeCongo,
- I-H.a.kiboko - itholakala eSomalia naseKenya,
- I-H.a.capensis - ihlala eningizimu ye-Afrika, isuka eZambia iye eSouth Africa,
- I-H.a.tschadensis - isatshalaliswa entshonalanga yezwekazi,
- I-H.a.constrictus iyisakhamuzi sase-Angola naseNamibia.
Imvubu yowesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-hippos ayizivezi kahle. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa cishe nge-10%, amakhanda abo futhi mancane. Iduna elidala libuye lenze ama-fangs akhule kangcono, yingakho ama-mumps wesimo ekhona ebusweni.
Ukuziphatha kweHippo
Imvubu ihlala ngasogwini lwamanzi amasha. Kungaba yimifula emikhulu noma amachibi amakhulu, noma amachibi amancane odaka. Izidingo eziyisisekelo kuye, ukuze akwazi ukuhlalisa umhlambi wonke, futhi ungashisi unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwamathafa aluhlaza otshani eduzane echibini kubalulekile esilwaneni. Endabeni yezimo eziwohlokayo, imvubu iyakwazi ukufudukela komunye umzimba wamanzi, kodwa noma kunjalo ayikhonjiswa uhambo olude lomhlaba.
Impilo yeHippo inesigqi esicacile se-circadian. Emini, izilwane zisemanzini, lapho zilala khona, zinikina amakhanda ngaphandle, zidle ebusuku.
Abantu besilisa abadala abangenazo i-harem zabo bahlala eyodwa ngasikhathi futhi bavame ukulwa ngaphandle. Impi enjalo yinde futhi inesihluku, izilwane zingadala ukulimala okukhulu komunye nomunye kuze kube sekufeni. Imvubu ogwini inolaka ikakhulukazi. Ababathandi omakhelwane futhi baxosha bonke abantu abangabazi, kufaka phakathi obhejane kanye nezindlovu. Ubude besilisa esidala ngamamitha angama-50-100 emfuleni namamitha angama-250-500 echibini.
Lapho kuphuma isilwane emanzini bese siyondla, sisebenzisa indlela efanayo. Emhlabathini othambile, izindlela ezinjalo ziba imigodi ebanzi nejulile, izici ezibonakalayo zesimo sendawo. Isilwane sihamba ngezinyawo ngezinyathelo. Ijubane elikhulu lize lifike ku-30 km / h.
Ngaphezu kwabesilisa abangashadile, izimvubu zakha imihlambi yabantu abangama-20-30, futhi abesilisa nabancane, abangazalwa abagcinwa abagcinwa amaqembu abizwa ngokuthi ama-bachelor group.
Ama-Hippos anezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezithuthuke kakhulu, ngosizo lwezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ayakwazi ukuveza ubungozi, ulaka neminye imizwa. Imisindo imvamisa iyabubula noma ibuze. Izwi elikhulu lemvubu, kuze kufinyelele kuma-decibel angama-110, ahanjiswa kude kakhulu emanzini. IHippopotamus ukuphela kwezinyoni ezingenza imisindo, emhlabeni nasemanzini.
Futhi lezi zilwane zisebenza kakhulu ekufufuseni indle yazo nomchamo, osebenzela ukumaka insimu nokuxhumana.
Ukuzalela imvubu
Ama-Hippo females avuthwa ngokocansi aneminyaka engu-7-15 ubudala, abesilisa abeneminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-14 ubudala. Emhlambini, kuphela owesilisa ovelele owesilisa nabesifazane. Isikhathi sokuzala sonyaka. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka, ngoFebhuwari nango-Agasti. Amacuba azalwa esikhathini semvula. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga eziyi-8. Ngaphambi kokuzala, insikazi ishiya umhlambi, imvamisa izala ngamanzi. Kukhona ilitha elilodwa udoti, onobunzima obuvela ku-27 kuya ku-50 kg, ubude bawo bube kumamitha ayi-1 ubude nobude obufika kuma-50 cm. Ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi ihlala nengane izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 ize ikwazi ukuya olwandle. Ukuncelisa ibele kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-18.
Izitha zemvelo zemvubu
Imvubu ayinazo izitha zemvelo eziningi. Amabhubesi nezingwenya zaseNayile kuyingozi kuwona. Kepha kulaba bantu abazingelayo, abesilisa abadala bayizisulu ezinzima, njengoba zinkulu, ziqinile futhi zihlome ngemfe emide. Lapho izinsikazi zivikela amawundlu, nawo athukuthela kakhulu futhi aqine. Uma izingane zishiywa zinganakekelwa, zihlaselwa yimibungu, izingwe nezinja ze-hyena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu amancane omhlambi angakhukhulwa ngengozi.
Kusiphatha kabi isimo sesibalo sabantu bemvubu, okokuqala, indoda. Inani lazo lehla ngokuqinile ngenxa yokuzingela ngenhloso yokuthola inyama nethambo, futhi ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo yezilwane. Isici sokugcina sihambisana nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu base-Afrika, kanye nokuhlala okukhona kwezindawo ezintsha zezidingo zezolimo, kuvame ukuvulwa izindawo ezisogwini lapho imvubu ihlala futhi idla khona. Ukunisela, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu kanye nezinguquko ekuhambeni kwemifula nakho kusithinta kabi isimo sabantu balesi sihlava.
Amaqiniso athakazelayo ngemvubu
- Njengenye yezilwane zomhlaba ezinkulu zesimanje (isisindo esiphezulu sifinyelela kumathani amane), izimvubu zincintisana nobhejane endaweni yesibili kulesikhombisi ngemuva kwezindlovu. Futhi izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu kubo ziyimikhomo.
- Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo inyama edliwayo yemvubu yayisetshenziswa izakhamizi zase-Afrika. Ama-Hippo fangs nawo abalulekile, abiza kakhulu kunendlovu. E-Afrika, ukuzingela ama-hippos kuvunyelwe, kepha ukuzingela kuyaqhubeka kuchuma.
- Ama-Hippos abahlali abahlala njalo kanye nezithandani zezilwane zoo kulo lonke iplanethi yethu, ekuthunjweni ziphila kahle ngokwanele, ezingasebenza futhi njengendlela yokugcina izinhlobo.