Inhlanzi eyaziwa njenge-tench ijwayelekile kwabaningi. Ishumi - Uhlobo oluthambisayo kunokuba lula ukubamba ezandleni zakho, kepha abadobi bajabule kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngefosholo labo, ngoba inyama ye-tench ayidli nje kuphela, kepha futhi inambitheka kakhulu. Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukubonakala kweshumi, kodwa bambalwa abantu ababecabanga ngempilo yayo. Masizame ukuqonda imikhuba yakhe yezinhlanzi enikeza umlingiswa nesimo sakhe, futhi sithole ukuthi ikuphi lapho afuna ukuhlala khona futhi uzizwe ekhululekile kakhulu.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Tench luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray zomndeni wakwa-cyprinid kanye nokulandelana kwama-cyprinid. Ungummeleli oyedwa wohlobo lwegama elifanayo (Tinca). Okusuka kwigama lomndeni wezinhlanzi kuyacaca ukuthi i-carp iyisihlobo esiseduzane kakhulu se-tench, yize ungeke usho ngokushesha ngokubukeka, ngoba akukho okufana ekuqaleni kokuqala. Isikali se-Microscopic, esine-hule ye-olive-ye-olive kanye nesigaxa esimnandi se-mucus, siyimboza - lezi yizici eziphambili zomugqa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Emgqeni okhishwe emanzini, umquba uyoma ngokushesha bese uqala ukuwa uphele, kube sengathi izihlambi zinhlanzi, zichitha isikhumba. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi waqanjwa ngokuthi.
Kukhona okunye ukucabanga maqondana negama lezinhlanzi elibonakalisa indlela yalo yokuphila. Le nhlanzi i-inert futhi ayisebenzi, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama layo lihambisana negama elithi "ubuvila", elathola kamuva umsindo omusha othi "tench".
Ulwazi oluvamile
U-Lin ukuphela kwelungu lohlobo Tinca. Ukwelashile kakhulu futhi akasebenzi. I-Tench ikhula kancane kancane futhi kaningi inamathela phansi. Indawo yokuhlala yendawo engasogwini. I-Tench akuyona nje igama, iyisici, ngoba le nhlanzi yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yamandla okushintsha umbala lapho ivezwa emoyeni. Kunjengokungathi kuncibilika, isembozo esimboza umsundu siqala ukuba mnyama, bese kuvela amabala amnyama emzimbeni. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, le mucus exfoliates, futhi kule ndawo kuvela amabala aphuzi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi emhlabeni kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezithathwe ngokuhlobisa - ishumi legolide.
I-Tench yinhlanzi enamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho etholakala emachibini, emachibini, ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi. Ingatholakala emifuleni, kepha kuyaqabukela. U-Lin ukhetha ukucasha e-algae futhi uthanda amachibi amakhulu, ngoba lapho akhululeke kakhudlwana. Lezi zindawo zikhangwa kakhulu yi-tench ngamathanga awo omhlanga, udaka nemihlanga. Uthanda izindawo ezinenkambo emnene. Ihlala kahle emanzini angenawo umoya-mpilo. UTench uyakwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ezinye izinhlanzi zifa khona lapho.
Unomzimba wesikali obukhulu, omude futhi omude ohlala ngokuqinile esikhunjeni futhi ukhulule umphunga. I-tench inomlomo wokuphela futhi omncane kunalokho, emakhoneni lapho kukhona khona izintokazi ezimfushane. Amehlo mancane, ahlanganiswe yi-iris ebomvu. Onke amaphini ayindilinga, futhi kukhona induction encane in the caudal fa. Alinawo umbala othize, ngoba kuncike kwisilondolozi lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona. Iningi labantu linomhlane omnyama opende ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti izinhlangothi zikhanya kwesinye isikhathi ziphuzi. Amaphiko wonke angwevu ngombala, kepha ama-base kanye namaphinifa we-ventral aphuzi. Ukwehlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane kulula impela, ngoba okokuqala kunamaphinifa wesibili aminyene.
Imvamisa, isisindo somuntu singama-600 g kuphela, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isampula efinyelela ku-50 cm, enesisindo esingama-2-3 kg. Iminyaka yokuphila eyi-18.
Ukudla kwe-tench kuyahlukahlukahluka, kuqukethe izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu, imollusks, izitshalo zasemanzini kanye ne-detritus.
Ungayikhetha kanjani
Ukukhetha kwe-tench kufanele kusondele kuyena nomthwalo okhethekile, ngoba inhlala-kahle yakho incike kulokhu. Ithiphu yokuqala ukuthenga izinhlanzi ezintsha kuphela. Manje kungenzeka, ngoba le nhlanzi ithengiswa kuma-aquariums. Uma uthenga kwikhawunta, bese uhlola ama-gill ngokucophelela, ngoba ayisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokusha. Bese usula, futhi ungathathi izwi lomthengisi lona. Inhlanzi entsha ayisho neze iphunga lezinhlanzi, iphunga lokusha okusha livela kuzo. Amehlo e-tench kufanele acace futhi abe sobala. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi elibi. Cindezela ezinhlanzini, i-fossa esele iyisibonakaliso esicacile sokusha okunganele. Inyama yenhlanzi entsha ineminyene, ibuyiselwa ngokushesha futhi inamandla. Uma uthenge i-tench, kepha lapho ufika ekhaya bese uqala ukuyisika, uthola ukuthi amathambo asemva kwenyama, ayibuyisele emuva noma ayiphonsa emgqonyeni, nakanjani akufanele uyidle inhlanzi enjalo.
Ungayigcina kanjani
I-tench entsha ingagcinwa izinsuku ezintathu kuphela. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuyikhipha, hlamba kahle bese uyesula yomile. Ngemuva kwayo, ungayisonga ngephepha elimhlophe, elalifakwe ngaphambili ngesisombululo esinamandla se-saline. Ngemuva kwalokho ungasisonga futhi ngethanga elihlanzekile.
Izinhlanzi eziphekiwe zingagcinwa esiqandisini isikhathi eside kunalokho, emazingeni okushisa angadluli ku-5 ° C.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesiko
EHungary, i-tench ibizwa nge- "fish gypsy", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ayithandwa lapho.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo zokuphilisa zazibandakanywa emgqeni. KwakuseNkathini Ephakathi futhi ngaleso sikhathi babekholelwa ukuthi uma le nhlanzi inqunywa phakathi futhi ifakwa enxebeni, khona-ke izinhlungu zizodlula, ukushisa kwehle. Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi i-tench idambisa ngisho ne-jaundice. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi inomphumela omuhle hhayi kubantu kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izinhlanzi. Izihlobo ezigulayo bezidinga nje ukusikhipha nge-tench futhi konke kuzodlula.
Izici eziwusizo nezokuphulukisa
ILin ingenye yemikhiqizo embalwa equkethe amaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme, aqukethe ama-amino acid abalulekile. Odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukudla i-tench kubantu abakhala ngokungasebenzi kahle kwesisu, noma izinkinga nge-yegilo yegilo. Ososayensi bakubonisile ukuthi uma usebenzisa uhlelo oluphekwe emlilweni noma enezinhlanzi ezibhakiwe, kuzoba nomthelela omuhle emzimbeni wonke. Iningi le-tench lithinta umsebenzi wenhliziyo, okungukuthi, livimbela ukuvela kwama-arrhythmias.
Ekuphekeni
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi i-tench ayikulungele ukudla ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Ikhwalithi yokunambitheka ephezulu kakhulu inezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Le nhlobo ithanda ukuhlala emanzini marshy noma i-musty, ngakho-ke inyama iphunga ubumba nosilika. Kepha lokhu kungalungiswa kalula ngokugijimisa umugqa ophilayo kubhavu wamanzi, noma ukuwagcina emanzini amaningi amahora ayi-12.
I-Lin ilungele izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Kungabiliswa, kuthosiwe, kubhakwe, kugcotshwe, kuhlanganiswe, kuganwe ngemoto, kuphekwe ukhilimu omuncu noma ewayinini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yenza inyama enhle kakhulu enobisi.
I-tench elungiselelwe kahle ifaniswa nokunambitheka nenyama yenkukhu, kanti nesikhumba sayo sifana nesikhumba sezinyoni esijabulisayo.
Umbala nosayizi
Umbala wangemuva kwe-tench umnyama, ucishe ube mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi uluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlangothi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokushintshela kumbala we-olive futhi ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-hue yegolide, isisu simpunga ngombala. Izinhlanzi eziyishumi - umnini wamaphisi amnyama.
I-tench ehlala emachibini agcwele amachibi noma i-overgrown egcwele udaka inombala omnyama. Izinhlanzi ezihlala emachibini avulekile nasemifuleni zihlala zilula ngombala, umbala we-olive we-tench uyithola ngokuhlala ezitolo ezinomhlabathi onesihlabathi ezansi.
Le yinhlanzi enkulu, ubude bayo bungafinyelela kuma-70 cm, futhi inqwaba yayo ingafinyelela ku-7.5 kg, kepha imvamisa izithombisi ezincane ezinesisindo esingu-2-3 kg zitholakala.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezingaphansi kwezimpawu eziyishumi zezinhlobo ezithile zemizimba yamanzi ahlala kuyo.
- Umfula i-tench uhlukile kunaleli chibi lesakhiwo esihle kakhulu. Umlomo wakhe uphakanyisiwe kancane. Imvamisa ihlala emfuleni ongasemfuleni naseziphethweni.
- ILake tench likhulu ngobukhulu ngomzimba onamandla. Uthanda amachibi amakhulu, amadamu okuphila.
- IPond tench ingaphansi kwechibi elikhulu. Uzizwa emkhulu ezindlini ezincane zemvelo nasemachibini adalwe ngobuhlakani.
- Kukhona futhi nenhlobo yokuhlobisa yezinhlanzi, ebizwa ngokuthi umugqa wegolide, ingumphumela wokukhethwa okwenziwe ngecala. Ihluke emgqeni ojwayelekile kumbala wegolide womzimba, amehlo ayo anemibala emnyama, ezinhlangothini zayo kukhona amabala amnyama.
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi yeshumi?
E-Russia, i-tench itholakala kuyo yonke ingxenye yase-Europe futhi ngokwengxenye yendawo yayo yase-Asia. Inhlanzi yi-thermophilic, yingakho ithanda izigaxa ze-Azov, Caspian, Black and Baltic Seas. Indawo yokuhlala kwayo ifinyelela ezindaweni zokugcina i-Ural naseLake Baikal. Kwesinye isikhathi i-tench itholakala e-Ob, Hangar nase-Yenisei. Kuvamile eYurophu, ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Asia ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
Izindawo ezithandekayo zokuphila kwe-tench zingamachibi agxilile anamanzi afudumele esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele. Ngakho-ke, amachibi, amakhethini, amadamu, amachibi, iziteshi ezinokukhanya okukhanyayo yiziindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina zale nhlanzi. I-Tench ngokuqinisekile igwema amabritish namanzi abandayo.
Izinhlanzi eziyishumi zizizwa zizinhle ezindaweni ezigcotshwe izitshalo zasemanzini ezinjengomhlanga noma umhlanga, phakathi kwezigxobo nezikhala zomfula, kumachibi afudumele yilanga nasemanzini aphansi komhlaba, lapho kuba khona indawo engezansi yesilika. Imvamisa ihlala ekujuleni eduze kwezimila, ogwini oluphezulu, lapho kukhona khona isiqu sangempela sezimila zasemanzini.
Impilo yokuhlala odakeni noma kusilika, lapho izitholela ukudla, ijwayelekile okweshumi. Le nhlanzi ichitha impilo yayo yonke ezindaweni ezifanayo eziyizintandokazi, ayithuthi ndawo. Iphila impilo eyedwa futhi elinganiselwe ekujuleni kwamanzi.
Ebusika, i-tench ilala ngaphansi kwethangi, izingcwaba ngosilika noma odakeni. Lapho, uwela ukushona okukhulu kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Izinhlanzi zivuka ngoMashi, futhi kaningi ngo-Ephreli, lapho ichibi liqala ukuzikhulula eqhweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-tench iqala ukonakala okukhulu ukuze iqhume.
Okudla tench
Isisekelo sokudla kwe-tench kukhona ama-invertebrates angaphansi ahlala ku-silt. Kepha ngokuvamile, ukondliwa kwakhe kuqukethe izakhi eziningi:
- izithasiselo
- amajikelezo
- ukopha,
- iziphepho
- crustaceans
- ama-mollusks
- izimbungulu zamanzi
- izibungu zamadrako, izimpukane zecaddis,
- I-Leech
- izimbungulu zamanzi,
- ukubhukuda
- gazinga inhlanzi,
- phytoplankton,
- dengwe,
- amahlumela wezitshalo zamanzi
- zasolwandle.
Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zihlanganisa nezitshalo zasemanzini ekudleni kwazo - amahlumela omhlanga, udaka, ikati kanye ne-algae. Ngokuvamile, i-tench ihamba ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Elangeni alithandi ukudonsa ukudla. Ebusuku, le nhlanzi ayidli nhlobo, kodwa ilele embhedeni emigodini engaphansi yedamu.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ukwehla kweshumi kuqala ngosuku olulandelayo. Kaningi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike kuma-degree angu-17-20. Izinhlanzi zifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba kungakabi iminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4. Imigqa ivele izinyanga ezimbili, kuze kube nguJulayi, iqoqana lokhu ngamaqembu amancane.
Izintokazi zivele ezingxenyeni ezi-2-3, ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kwenzeka esifundeni esisogwini sendawo yokugcina amanzi, lapho kukhona khona manje amandla angenamandla, kodwa acacile, ekujuleni kwe-1 imitha. I-caviar edliwayo inamathele kuma-rhizomes angaphansi kwamanzi neziqu zezitshalo.
Izinhlanzi zivundile kakhulu, insikazi, kuya ngeminyaka, ama-mosque kusuka kumaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuye kuma-600. Umugqa une-caviar encane ene-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi asihlali isikhathi eside, uma amanzi echibini efudumeza efinyelela izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwama-degree angama-20, isibhengezo sezibungu sesivele sikhona ngosuku lwesithathu noma lwesine.
Izibalo zenhlanzi zikhula kancane, zidla ku-yolk sac. Amafry avela agcinwa emihlambini emincane, aqala ukudonsa ama-algae kanye ne-zooplankton, bese eshintshela ekondleni kwama-invertebrates angaphansi. I-Fry tench ayikhuli kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-3-4 cm ngeminyaka. Ngeminyaka emibili, baphinda kabili usayizi wabo futhi ngeminyaka emi-5 kuphela abakhula babe ngama-20 cm ubude.
Izitha eziyingozi
Isici esiyingqayizivele seshumi, lapho umzimba umbozwe ungqimba obukhulu be-mucus, usisindisa ezinhlanzini eziyingozi ezidlayo nakwezinye izitha ezijwayelekile zezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile. IMucus, iphunga layo, ngokusobala iyesabisa abazingeli abangaba izinhlanzi ezinokuthula, ngakho-ke i-tench iyavikelwa futhi ayiba yisisulu sabazingeli abahlukahlukene.
Kodwa i-caviar yomugqa ihlaselwa ukubhujiswa okungenamusa. Njengoba i-tench ingawavikeli amaqanda ayo ezinhlafunweni ezinwebekayo, izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini zizidla ngobuningi.
Ingozi enkulu ye-tench abadobi bahola ekubambeni kwayo. Abalandeli balokhu kunzima ukudoba izinhlanzi bavula isizini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, emuva ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuluka. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukubamba le nhlanzi ekwindla - kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.
Ividiyo: Lin
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-tench ayihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezihlukile, kepha kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinto abantu abazifuyile ngokwezifiso, lawa umugqa wegolide kanye neKwolsdorf. Esokuqala sihle kakhulu futhi sifana ne -fishfish, ngakho-ke sivame ukugcwala ezindaweni zokuhlobisa. Eyesibili ifana nse nomugqa ojwayelekile, kepha ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi inezici ezibalulekile (inhlanzi nekhilogremu eyodwa ibhekwa njengejwayelekile).
Ngokuqondene nomugqa ojwayelekile owakhiwe ngokwemvelo uqobo, ungafinyelela nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, bufinyelela kubude obufika ku-70 cm nesisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-7.5 kg. Ukuqagela okunjalo akuvamile, ngakho-ke, ubude obujwayelekile bomzimba wezinhlanzi buyehluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 cm. Ezweni lethu, abadobi bavame ukubamba umugqa osisindo osuka ku-150 kuye kuma-700 amagremu.
Abanye bahlukanisa umugqa ohlobene nalezo zindawo zokuhlala lapho behlala khona, bagcizelela:
- ulayini wechibi, obhekwa njengekhulu kunawo wonke futhi unamandla amakhulu, uthanda amachibi amakhulu nezindawo zokonga,
- ulayini womfula, ohlukile kokuqala ngosayizi omncane, umlomo wezinhlanzi uphakanyiselwa phezulu, uhlala ngasemfuleni imifula nemisele,
- umugqa wamachibi, nawo omncane kunomugqa wechibi futhi uhlala kahle kuzo zombili izidumbu zamanzi amile namachibi wokufakelwa,
- i-tench emfishane, ehlala ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezitokisini, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bayo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-12 ubude, kepha buvame kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Ukwakhiwa kwe-tench kunamandla impela, umzimba wayo uphakeme futhi ucindezelwe kancane kamuva. Isikhumba se-tench sinyene kakhulu futhi simboziwe ngezikali ezincane kangangokuba sifana nesikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Umbala wesikhumba ubonakala uluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo, kepha lo muzwa udalwe ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu bumsipha. Uma uyihlanze, ungabona ukuthi ithoni eliphuzi elinemithunzi ehlukahlukene iyabonakala. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala we-tench ungahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya okuphuzi-beige okuluhlaza okuluhlaza okucishe kufane nomnyama. Lapho phansi kunesihlabathi futhi nenhlanzi ihambelana nakho, kukhanya, futhi nasezindaweni zamanzi lapho kunenqwaba yezinyamazane kanye no-peat, i-tench inombala omnyama, konke lokhu kumsiza ukuthi azifihle.
I-Tench ishelelayo ngesizathu, i-mucus ukuvikela kwayo okungokwemvelo, okusindisa ezilwaneni ezingazithandi izinhlanzi ezihlwabusayo. Ukuba khona kwe-mucus kusiza umugqa uvikele ukulamba kwe-oksijini ngesikhathi sokushisa okungabekezeleleki kwehlobo, lapho amanzi efudumala ngamandla nomoya-mpilo kuwo ungabi namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mucus inezindawo zokuphulukisa, umphumela wayo uyafana nesenzo sokulwa namagciwane, ngakho-ke imigqa ayivami ukugula.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuyabonakala ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zibhukuda ziye emigqeni, ngokuya kodokotela uma begula. Zisondela emgqeni futhi ziqale ukusizakala ngokubhekene nezinhlangothi zalo ezishelelayo. Isibonelo, onikina abagulayo benza lokhu, ngezikhathi ezinjalo abacabangi ngisho nokudla okuyishumi nge-tench.
Amaphiko ezinhlanzi anesimo esifushane, abukeka aminyene futhi umbala wawo umnyama kakhulu kunethoni lomugqa wonke, kwabanye abantu bacishe babe mnyama. Akunakuphinda kukadoti we-caudal, ngakho-ke kucishe kuqonde. Ikhanda lezinhlanzi alihlukile ngosayizi omkhulu. U-Lin angabizwa ngokuthi yi-thick-lipped, umlomo wakhe ulula kunombala wazo zonke izikali.Amazinyo enhlanzi e-Pharyngeal ahlelwe ngokulandelana futhi anemikhawulo egobile. Izimpondo ezincane ezinde azigcizeleli kuphela ukuqina kwaso, kodwa futhi nezibopho zomndeni nge-carps. Amehlo e-tench ane-tint ebomvu, mancane futhi ajulile. Abesilisa bangahlukaniswa kalula kwabesifazane, njengoba zinama-fins akhudlwana futhi amnyama we-ventral. Abesilisa abaningi bancane kunabesifazane, ngoba khula kancane.
Ihlala kuphi i-tench?
Photo: Tench emanzini
Ensimini yezwe lethu, i-tench ibhalisiwe kuyo yonke ingxenye yayo yaseYurophu, ngokwengxenye ingenele izikhala zase-Asia.
Ungowe-thermophilic, ngakho-ke uthanda izitsha zolwandle ezilandelayo:
Indawo yayo ithatha izikhala ukusuka emizimbeni yamanzi e-Urals iye eLake Baikal. Kuyaqabukela, kepha i-tench ingahlangatshezwa emifuleni efana ne-Angara, Yenisei ne-Ob. Izinhlanzi zihlala eYurophu nasezintabeni zase-Asia, lapho kunesimo sezulu esipholile. Okokuqala, i-tench ithanda uhlelo lwamanzi amile ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Ezindaweni ezinjalo ungumhlali waphakade:
- ama-bays
- amadamu
- amachibi
- amachibi
- izihlakala ngenkambo ebuthakathaka.
U-Lin uzama ukugwema izindawo zamanzi ngamanzi abandayo nemijikelezo esheshayo, ukuze ungakwazi ukuhlangana naye emifuleni yezintaba ezinesiphepho. Ngokukhululekile nangokukhululekile, umugqa lapho umhlanga nezinhlanga zikhula khona, izikebhe zigobhoza phansi odakeni olunodaka, izihlambi eziningi ezithulayo ezivutha imisebe yelanga, zigcwala ulwelwe oluhlukahlukene. Imvamisa, inhlanzi iya ekujuleni okugcwele, ihlala eduze namabhange asezingeni eliphakeme.
Ubuningi lodaka lwe-tench ngesinye sezimo ezinhle kakhulu, ngoba kuwo uthola indlela yakhe yokuphila. Le mustachioed ibhekwa njengezinzile, ephila impilo yakhe yonke endaweni ayithandayo. U-Lin ukhetha indawo yokuzilibazisa nokuhlala yedwa ezindaweni ezijulile ezinodaka.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, amanzi kasawoti kanye ne-acidity eyandayo akuyona eyethusayo i-tench, ngakho-ke, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezidumbu zamanzi futhi zihlale emachibini amachibi ezinamanzi, lapho amanzi enosawoti engena khona.
Manje uyazi ukuthi zitholakala kuphi izinhlanzi eziyishumi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ingondliwa kanjani.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IGolden tench
U-Lin, ngokungafani nesihlobo sakhe se-carp, ubonakala ngokuhamba kancane, ukuhamba kancane nokuzilibazisa. U-Lin unaka kakhulu, unamahloni, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukumbamba. Eboshwe ngokhuni, yonke into yakhe iyashintsha: uqala ukubonisa ubutha, ubuhlakani, uphonsa wonke amandla akhe ekuphikiseni futhi angakwazi ukugqashula kalula (ikakhulukazi isibonelo esinzima). Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba uma ufuna ukuhlala, awusafiswa.
I-tench, njengemvukuzane, ischews ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, ayithandi ukuphuma, izigcina isendaweni ecashile, enemithunzi, ethangeni lamanzi ekujuleni. Abantu abavuthiwe bathanda ukuhlala bodwa, kepha izilwane ezincane zivame ukuhlanganiswa emhlambini osukela ezinhlanzini ezihlanu kuya kweziyi-15. Ubuye afune ukudla kwe-tench kusihlwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphandle kokuthi i-tench ingangeneki futhi ayisebenzi, yenza ukufuduka kwendabuko cishe nsuku zonke, kusuka esifundeni esisogwini kuya ekujuleni, bese kubuyela ogwini. Ngesikhathi sokuhlakazeka, angabheka nendawo entsha yokunwabisa.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile, imigqa igeleza kusilika bese iwela ekushayweni komoya noma kusihlwa, okuphela ngokufika kwezinsuku zentwasahlobo, lapho ikholomu lamanzi liqala ukufudumala lifinyelela kumazinga amane ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa. Avukile, imigqa isondela kakhulu ogwini, igcwele kakhulu imifino yasemanzini, eqala ukuyiqinisa ngemuva kokudla isikhathi eside sasebusika. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ekushiseni okukhulu izinhlanzi ziba ingozi futhi zizame ukuhlala eduze nezansi, lapho zipholile. Lapho ikwindla isondela futhi amanzi eqala ukuphola kancane, i-tench isebenza kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Flock of Lines
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, imigqa yabantu abadala yendlela yokuphila ehlanganayo, ikhetha ukuba yodwa ekujuleni kobumnyama. Intsha kuphela engenalwazi eyakha imihlambi emincane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-tench yi-thermophilic, ngenxa yalokho ivela kuphela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Lapho amanzi esevele efudumele kahle (kusuka kumadigri ayi-17 kuye kwangama-20). Imigqa evuthiwe ngokocansi iba sondela eminyakeni emithathu noma emine ubudala lapho ithola isisindo kusuka kuma-200 kuya kwangama-400 amagremu.
Ngokwesizathu sabo sokusaba, izinhlanzi zikhetha izindawo ezingashoni ezigcwele zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo futhi ezishaywa umoya kancane. Inqubo yokusaphaza iqhubeka ngezigaba eziningana, izikhawu phakathi ezingafika kumaviki amabili. Amaqanda abekwa angajulile, ngokuvamile angaphansi kobubanzi bamamitha, anamathele kumagatsha ezihlahla ancishiselwa emanzini kanye nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Imigqa ivundile kakhulu, insikazi eyodwa ingakhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-600, isikhathi sokufakwa kuwo esihlukahluka kusuka emahoreni angama-70 kuye kwangama-75 kuphela.
Amaqanda we-tench awawona maningi kakhulu futhi ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amafutha azalwa, acishe abe ngu-3 mm ubude, awashiyi indawo yawo yokuzalwa izinsuku eziningi, eqiniswa izakhi ezisele ku-yolk sac. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala uhambo lokuzimela, behlangana emihlambini. Ukudla kwabo ekuqaleni kuqukethe i-zooplankton kanye ne-algae, bese kuvela ama-invertebrates angaphansi kuyo.
Izinhlanzi ezincane zikhula kancane, lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-3 ubude bazo zingama-3-4 cm. Ngemuva komunye unyaka, ziphinda kabili ngosayizi futhi kuphela eneminyaka emihlanu ubude bazo zifinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Kwasungulwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula komugqa kuyaqhubeka iminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi baphila kusuka kwabangu-12 kuye ku-16.
Izitha zemvelo zomugqa
Kuyamangaza ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinokuthula nezinamahloni ezifana ne-tench azinazo izitha eziningi endle. Le nhlanzi ikweleta umumbu wayo oyingqayizivele emzimbeni. Izinhlanzi ezifuywayo nezilwane ezincelisayo ezithanda ukudla izinhlanzi, zivala impumulo yazo, okungavusi isifiso sazo sokudla ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu be-mucus obunamandla, obunephunga layo elithile.
Imvamisa, ngobukhulu obukhulu, ama-caviar angama-lingual kanye nama-fry angenalwazi ahlupheka. I-Tench ayikuvikeli ukwenziwa kwayo, kanti i-fry isengozini enkulu, ngakho-ke, zombili izinhlanzi ezincane namaqanda zidla ngenhliziyo izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene (ipiki, umphako), kanye nezilwane (ama-otter, ama-muskrats), izingcingo zamanzi azinandaba nokuzidla. Izidalwa ezihlasimulisa umzimba zemvelo nazo ziba imbangela yokufa kwenqwaba yamaqanda, lapho isikhukhula siphela nezinga lamanzi lehla kakhulu, bese kuthi ikhava, esemanzini angajulile.
Umuntu angabizwa futhi ngokuthi isitha se-tench, ikakhulukazi lowo olawula ngekhono induku yokudoba. Imvamisa yokudoba i-tench iqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iqhume. Ama-Angler asebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezithiyelo zobuqili ne-bait, ngoba i-tench iyakuqaphela konke okusha. I-Coned tench inezinzuzo eziningana: okokuqala, kunamamaki kakhulu, okwesibili, inyama yayo inambitheka kakhulu futhi idla, futhi okwesithathu, asikho isidingo sokuhlanza izikali, ngakho-ke asiside kangako isikhathi sokudabukisa ngaso.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ebubanzini beYurophu, ibanga lokuhlala kwe-tench likhulu kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngenani lomugqa wonke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi isibalo sawo asisongeli ukuqothulwa, kepha kunezici ezimbalwa ezingezinhle ze-anthropogenic ezithinta kabi. Okokuqala, kungukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kwalezo ziindawo okugcinwe kuzo lapho kunqunyelwe i-tench. Lokhu kungumphumela wemisebenzi yezomnotho eshubile yabantu.
Ukufa okukhulu kwe-tench kugcinwa ebusika, lapho kunokwehla okubukhali kwamazinga wamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina, okuholela ekutheni izinhlanzi zasebusika zimane ziqandeke eqhweni, zingenayo indawo yokuvama ukumba usilika nobusika. Ensimini yezwe lethu, ukuzingela kuyachuma ngale kwe-Urals, yingakho abantu be-tench lapho behlise kakhulu.
Zonke lezi zinto ezenziwa ngabantu ziholele ekutheni kwezinye izifunda, zombuso wethu naphesheya kwezilwandle, i-tench yaqala ukunyamalala futhi yabangela ukukhathazeka kwezinhlangano zezemvelo, yingakho-ke ifakiwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zalezi zindawo. Nakulokhu futhi, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuthi lesi simo sivele kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, futhi hhayi yonke indawo, ngokuyisisekelo, i-tench ihlakazeke kakhulu futhi isibalo saso sisezingeni elifanele, ngaphandle kokubangela ukwesaba, okungajabulisi kodwa. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo.
Unogada Wemigqa
Photo: Lin kusuka encwadini Red
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, inani lemigqa kwezinye izifunda lehle kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu ezi-barbaric, ngakho-ke kwadingeka ngengeze le nhlanzi ethandekayo ezincwadini eziBomvu zezifunda ngazinye. I-Tench ifakwe ku-Red Book of Moscow njengezinhlobo ezisengozini kule ndima. Izici ezinomkhawulo lapha ukudonswa kwamanzi amdaka angcolile eMfuleni laseMoscow, ukuhlangana kogu, inani elikhulu lezindawo zokubhukuda ezihamba ngezimoto eziphazamisa izinhlanzi ezinamahloni, kanye nokwanda kwenani labantu abadla i-lingan caviar kanye nefry.
Empumalanga yeSiberia, i-tench nayo ibhekwa njengendawo okuhlala kuyo, ikakhulukazi emanzini eLake Baikal. Ukukhula kokuzingela kuholele kulokhu, ngakho-ke i-tench iseNcwadini eBomvu yaseBuryatia. I-Tench ithathwa njengeyivelakancane esifundeni saseYaroslavl ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindawo ezihlala zodwa ezigcwele imifino yasemanzini, lapho yayingabonakala khona ngokuthula. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubhalwe ku-Red Book yesifunda saseYaroslavl. Esifundeni i-Irkutsk, i-tench nayo ibhalwe ku-Red Book yesifunda i-Irkutsk. Ngaphezu kwezwe lethu, i-tench ivikelwe eJalimane, njengoba lapho inani layo lincane kakhulu.
Ukugcina lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, kunconywa izindlela ezilandelayo zokonga:
- ukuqapha njalo kwabantu abaziwayo,
- ukuqapha amabala obusika kanye nezizathu ezinwebekayo,
- ukongiwa kwezindawo zemvelo ezingasogwini emadolobheni,
- Ukuhlanza imfucumfucu kanye nokungcoliswa kwezimboni kwezindawo ezinukayo kanye nezizathu zobusika,
- ukunqatshelwa kokudotshwa ngesikhathi sokuluka,
- izinhlawulo ezinzima zokuzingela.
Ekugcineni, ngifuna ukufaka lokho okungajwayelekile ngobuningi baso nosayizi wesikali ishumi, embule abaningi abavela kuma-engela ahlukene, ngoba imikhuba yakhe kanye nezimpawu zakhe, ezaphumela obala zaba nokuthula kakhulu, ezolisayo nezingaxinekile, zahlaziywa. Ukubonakala kwe-tench enhle ngeke kudidaniswe nanoma yikuphi okunye, ngoba Kungokoqobo futhi kungokwangempela.