Ibanga: I-Mammalia (Izilwane ezincelisayo)
Isisekelo: I-Theria (izilwane ezincelisayo ezi-Viviparous, izilwane zangempela)
I-infraclass: I-Placentalia (Placental, Izidalwa eziphakeme)
Isiqondisi / i-oda: Ama-Glires (Rodent)
Oda / i-oda: URodentia (amaRents)
Isiqondisi / i-oda: I-Myomorpha (Igundane-like)
I-Superfamily: I-Muroidea (Amagundane)
Umndeni: UCricetidae (Hamster, noma uHamster)
Subfamily: I-Cricetinae (Hamsters)
Ubulili: Mesocricetus (Medium Hamsters)
Buka: I-Mesocricetus brandti (Brandt Hamster)
Ihlala e-Asiya - izintaba ezingaphansi kwezintaba futhi ezingaphansi kwezintaba zaseNtshonalanga (entshonalanga ne-Iran, iTurkey), i-Asia Minor kanye neTranscaucasia. Kuyatholakala naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCiscaucasia emathafeni nasezindaweni eziphansi zeDagestan eningizimu nasempumalanga nomfula. ISulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, njll.) ETranscaucasus, uhla lwe-hamster kaBrandt luyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, izingxenye zalo ezicebile ziyaziwa eShirak steppe (Iorsky and Kartalinsky plateaus) kanye nasenkabeni naseningizimu neGeorgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karazara kanye nase-Georgia kanye nase maphakathi ne Georgia. nezinye). Iningi kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi zezindawo eziphakemeyo zeCustomer Caucasus, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zayo ezisentshonalanga nangasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, eNagorno-Karabakh naseziqongweni zeNakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic naseTalysh.
Usayizi kufika ku-15 cm, ubude bomsila kufinyelela ku-3.9 cm.
Umbala phezulu ngamathoni ansundu-ansundu, isiqaqa esimthende esimnyama, esihlahleni esikhulu esixekile, esixhunyaniswe ngemuva kwendlebe, esiswini kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokukhanya, umlotha ompunga, ibala elimnyama esifubeni phakathi kwezingaphambili.
Inamabhokisi esihlathini.
Lezi hamsters ziyasebenza, zijwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile, ngakho-ke zisebenzisa amanzi amancane, zisebenza ebusuku ikakhulukazi.
Indawo enkulu kakhulu, kufanele igcinwe yodwa.
Azixhumani kahle nomuntu.
Usayizi amakheji e-hamster kaBrandt kufanele okungenani abe ngu-50x30 cm, ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ikheji elinebali elilodwa, kungcono ukubeka ummbila noma izinkuni ngaphansi, udinga isondo ngempela, indlu, izinti zokhuni ezihlahleni zezihlahla zezithelo zokugaya amazinyo, amaminerali kanye namatshe kasawoti. Ama-feeders amabili angcono - ngokudla okomile nokumanzi, isitsha sokuphuza. Ungafaka i-hay noma ithawula iphepha elimhlophe endlini.
Ungavumela i-hamster ukuba igijime phansi ebhola elikhethekile lokuhamba.
Isikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engu-2.
Endle, i-hamster kaBrandt idla imbewu, imifino ehlukahlukene efinyelelekayo nezinambuzane ezincane.
Ekhaya, isisekelo sokudla kwalezi hamsters kufanele kube ukuxubana okusanhlamvu okuphezulu - ukukhetha okondlayo ezitolo zezilwane kuhle. Ungangeza i-gammarus eyomile, izingcezu zika-izaqathe, ama-apula, ithini lamapheya, ulethisi, ummbila, izigaxa, imifino ye-dandelion, ukhukhamba ekudleni.
Ukuthambekela ekudla ngokweqile.
Isikhathi esifushane sokuphila.
Phila impilo yasesikhathini.
Hhayi thintana kakhulu.
Imvamisa, ama-hamsters ahlushwa ukugcwala ngokweqile - kumele unamathele ngokucophelela emazingeni okuphakelwa kokufakwa kokuphakelayo.
Ama-ectoparasites - imikhaza - angatholakala - akhululwa ngokuphumelelayo ngosizo lokwehla kwephambili lwangaphambili lapho kubuna.
Ukuzalanisa, udinga ukutshala ama-hamsters ambalwa, izinsikazi ezindala zizala izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka futhi zingavunyelwa ukuba zishade okungenani izinyanga okungenani ezine. Ama-brood kuvame ukuba nama-hamsters angama-12-15 enqunu angakhuli ngokushesha.
Bheka isimilo
Njengezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wakwaKhomyakov, i-Brandt hamster inezici ezithile ezihlukile zokuphila, ukubukeka, ukuvumela ukuthi kuhlukaniswe ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphambi kokuthola i-hamster, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu kungummeleli we-purebred. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi kudinge amadokhumenti athile kubafuyi abaqinisekisa imvelaphi yesilwane.
Habitat
Endle, izinsana ikakhulukazi zihlala eTurkey, kwa-Israyeli, eLebanon nase empumalanga yeCiscaucasia. Kulezi zindawo, izilwane zakha amakhaya azo emithambekeni yezintaba. Amanani amakhulu, awahlali kude nezintaba zobe — umhlonyane, izihlahla zezintaba nomhlaba otshalwe ngumuntu. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama omkhulu futhi omanzi, izilwane azibonwa.
Imvamisa zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi zeTranscaucasia kanye neNtshonalanga Asia. Lapha, izinduku zithanda futhi ukuhlala eduze kwamasimu okusanhlamvu okukhona emithambekeni yezintaba. Ngalesi sizathu, kaningi abalimi abahlakulelayo bahlela ukuhlaselwa nge-hamster, ukubabamba. Iningi lilinganisa nezilokazane zezolimo, noma ngabe kunokudla okwanele, izingane aziphangi amasheya enziwe ngabantu.
Ukubukeka
Ama-Rodents, njengabanye abantu abavela emndenini weKhomyakov, banezinto ezithile ezihlukayo maqondana nokubukeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- umzimba, ofinyelela kubudeamasentimitha ayi-18,
- ukuba khona komsila, amasentimitha angu-3 ubude,
- isisindo esifinyelela kuma-296 amagremu
- izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga
- umthunzi onsundu womzimba ongaphezulu, amabala ansundu ansundu esiswini, ubukhona bendawo emnyama ehlukile phakathi kwamabhele,
- ukuba khona kwama-paws of a whitish hue, abonakala ngezinwele ezingenazinwele.
Njengamanye amagundane, ama-hamsters anezikhwama zesihlathi. Kusuka kubo ukuthi imidwebo ephindwe kabili yombala omnyama-grey inwebeka, ihlukanisa ikhanda libe izingxenye ezimbili, ifinyelela ngaphezu kwebhande lamahlombe. Ebusika, umbala woboya uba mnyama, ngakho-ke kuba nzima ngokwedlulele ukuthola izinyamazane phakathi kwekhava leqhwa.
Indlela yokuphila
I-hamster kaBrandt, njengabanye abamele umndeni wakwaKhomyakov, ithanda ukusebenza ebusuku. Isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe endle ngaphandle kokuthola izinto ezingezinhle zangaphandle kungaba yiminyaka emibili. Ama-Rodents awahlali ngamaqembu, amakoloni. Ngemuva kokuphola, abesilisa bashiya insikazi, ababambi iqhaza emfundweni yokuzalwa.
Ebusika, ama-hamsters ahlala efihlekile. Imvamisa le nqubo iqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba futhi iqhubeka kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Lapho nje kuqala ukushisa kwentwasahlobo, izingane ziyavuka ziphume. Ukuvinjwa kwamagundane kwakhiwa ngale ndlela: balala izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, bese bahlala bephapheme izinsuku eziningana, bezulazula eziseleni zabo, bedla okuphekiwe.
Izilwane ezi-Mink zimba isikhathi eside, noma kunjalo, zinokungena okukodwa nokuphuma. Emgodini kunenombolo enkulu yamagatsha. Kwezinye zazo isilwane silala, kwezinye sigcina ukudla, sikuhlunge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imgodi ikhona emgodini lapho kugcinwa khona hay, lapho izingane zifakwa khona, zifihlwa.
Ukudla
Isisekelo sokudla kwe-rodent sakhiwa ngama-tubers wezitshalo nezitshalo. Imvamisa bamatasa bagcina okusanhlamvu, imidumba, ubhontshisi kanye nommbila. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-hamsters ehlala eduze kwamasimu atshalwe ngabantu. Zingezabantu abanamandla kunabo, ngakho-ke zama ukuqoqa ukondla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ebusika. Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo, izingane nazo zidla izinambuzane, izibungu zazo.
Ukuzala
Abesilisa bathola insikazi, isilungele ukuvuthwa, ngokuhogela. Uma kwenzeka, lapho beya kuye, bahlangana nezimbangi, kuzokulwa impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma owesilisa ehlangana nabanye besifazane abaningana abasendleleni eya emgomweni, elungele ukufaka umquba, ngokuqinisekile uzowenza umsebenzi wakhe “wokuhlanganisa”. Ngokuyisisekelo, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli futhi siphela ngo-Okthoba.
Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kungahlala kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-22. Kungaba nama-hamsters angama-20 kulitha, athunyelwa kwisinkwa sawo ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Yilabo kuphela abazalwa ngaphambi kokuba i-hibernation iqale ukweqa nonina. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufa kwezingane akuyona into engajwayelekile, njengoba, lapho bekhula, baqala ukulwa bodwa, bencintisana ngokudla nensimu. Esikhathini esisodwa sokuzalela, insikazi iyakwazi ukuthwala futhi ikhule kusuka kumalitha amabili kuya kwamane.
Abesifazane babhekwa njengomama abahle kakhulu ngoba banakekela izingane zabo ngendlela efanele. Abesilisa abaningi baze bazame ukungabambi iso le-hamsters ekhulelwe, njengoba iba nolaka kakhulu, bangahlasela isitha uma bengasithandi isenzo sakhe noma iphunga asisakazayo. AmaHamsters adla kakhulu ngamaqabunga aluhlaza nobisi lwebele.
I-hamster kaBrandt ekhaya idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Ngakho-ke, ikheji kufanele libe likhulu. Kumele kube ukuphela kwakhe kulo, kungenjalo kuzodingeka ukuthi alwe nomakhelwane, okungeke nje kudale ukufa kwakhe, kodwa futhi adale nezimo ezicindezelayo okunzima ukuzibekezelela ngethambo. Ikheji kufanele libe nenani elanele lezesekeli ukuze liqhube ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, kanye nesibopho sokufaka i-feeder, isitsha sokuphuza, indlu yangasese nendlu. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinsana nsuku zonke ukuze kutholakale isikhathi sokuqala kwesifo sezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nesimila esingathinta kabi isikhathi sempilo sezingane. Ukudla kwabo ekhaya kufanele kube ngokulinganayo, kugcwaliswe ngezinto ezingeziwe zamavithamini. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokufanele, ama-hamsters athunjiwe aphile iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Imisele ihlangene emakoloni, okungavimbeli ama-hamsters kaBrandt ukuba asale ezinkanukweni ezisasele zangaphakathi: abantu besilisa nabesifazane bahlala ngokuhlukile ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela. Eqenjini lama-hamsters kuhlale kuba nomholi, iqhaza elivame ukuthathwa ngowesifazane. Izinto zeHamster, naphezu kwezindawo ezinkulu, zibekwa ngaphezulu komunye, ngenxa yokuthi omakhelwane bashiya izimbobo ngokuqinile ngehora, bezama ukungahlangani. Ngakho-ke, kusuka kuma-25-30 namagundane ahlala eduzane, ngasikhathi sinye, akuvunyelwe ukuthi kuhlolwe omakhelwane abathathu. Insimu yomuntu siqu imakwe ngemfihlo evela kwindlala etholakala ethangeni elingaphandle.
Burrows bamba ezindaweni eziphakeme, hillocks kanye izindunduma. Lapho umhlabathi uthambeka kakhudlwana, ukujula nokuqina kuba nzima ngokuhamba: emhlabathini othambile, kuze kufike ku-10 m ubude nama-2 m ngokujula. Imisele ifakwe igumbi lokudlela, igumbi lokugcina impahla kanye nethango. Indlu yangasese ihlala ivalwa ngumhlaba, futhi ama-hamsters kufanele akhe entsha. I-hamster kaBrandt icacile futhi iyahamba kancane, kepha, ngifuna izindawo ezifanele, iyakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezinde. Ngosongo lwangaphandle, kuyaqabukela abaleke. Lapho izama ukuyikhipha emgodini, i-hamster ibubula ngokungajabuli, igxume ikhava futhi ilwele ukubamba owonile, imlimaze kakhulu futhi ngokunembile.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-rodent, ebanjwa ngaphezulu, ihlikihla ngokungathi sína, ikhuphula amaphakethe esihlathini, igaye amazinyo ayo bese isheshe igagaze izibambo zayo zangaphambili, izama ukubamba isitha ngemichilo yaso (ukusikaza noma ukusidonsa ukuze sikulume).
Ngobusika, ama-hamsters we-Transcaucasian hibernate, ubude bawo bunqunywa ukuphakama kwendawo. IHibernation iqala ngesithwathwa sasemini sokuqala, yingakho inqubo iselulwa ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguDisemba. Isando sikaBrandt sinokulala ngezikhathi ezithile - uvuka nalo lonke ubusika obusika. I-hibernation igcwele njengendlela yokungena, futhi ngokwesiko iwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - Ephreli.
Mangaki ama-hamsters ama-Brandt ahlala
Abamele lezinhlobo baphila kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2, bezala izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka. Abesifazane abazalwa entwasahlobo bathola ukuzala ekwindla, ngokuba nenzalo (4 kuya ku-20 hamsters).
Ukuthinta kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-16 kuya ku-17- 17, kufinyelela ekuveleni kwama-hamsters ayizimpumputhe, okungabavimbeli ekutholeni ukudla okuluhlaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kamuva. Izilwane ezisencane, ezinabesilisa abangaphansi nabesifazane abakhulu, zithola inkululeko ezinsukwini ezingama-50 futhi zihlale ndawonye isikhashana. Lapho sebefika ezinsukwini ezingama-70, umphakathi uyaqubuka.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ukuvuvukala okwenziwe njengama-almond (ama-testes) e-perineum, avela ngosuku lwama-35 ukuya kwengama-40, kuzokhuluma ngocansi lwe-hamster yaseTranscaucasian. Kuliqiniso, kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabesilisa abancane, kanye nalabo abahlushwa i-cryptorchidism.
Kubalulekile! Ukuya ocansini kulula ukunquma indawo okukhona kuyo i-urethra ne-anus: kowesifazane, i-anus isondele kakhulu esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, kuyilapho owesilisa, zombili izimbobo zihlukaniswa yindawo lapho izinwele zikhula khona. Uma kutholakala umgodi owodwa, insikazi iphambi kwakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisu sowesilisa simbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya futhi sihlotshiswe enkabeni ngepani elinsundu, kanti lowesifazana awunalo udwebo olunjalo, kepha unamachashaza ama-2 wezingono.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
I-hamca yaseTranscaucasian, njengoba negama lisho, ihlala ikakhulukazi esifundeni sezintaba / amagquma asezintabeni iTranscaucasia (i-Armenia neSouth Georgia), iDagestan, kanye ne-Asia Minor. Izindonga zivame e-Eastern Ciscaucasia, eLebanon, kwa-Israyeli naseTurkey.
Ububanzi beBrandt Hamster buhlanganisa izindawo ezinamathafa asezintabeni nasema-steppe asendaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angama-0,3 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Kanye nama-steppes (intaba kanye nethambeka lomgwaqo), i-rodent ikhetha ama-biotopes ahlanganiswe ngotshani / utshani-umhlonyane, igwema izindawo ezinamagquma kakhulu noma ezimanzi kakhulu. Imvamisa kugcwalisa amasimu okusanhlamvu. Ngokuvamile, izilwane zithanda izindawo ezilele noma ezishibhile lapho kukhona khona ungqimba lomhlabathi.
Umbono ubekezelela ukugqilazwa kahle. Ama-hamsters amancane ajwayela kalula izandla, ezingenakushiwo ngabantu abadala. Eyesibili, kanye esekhisini kusuka emvelweni, imvamisa ayikwazi ukwanda, ngakho-ke ngokuzalaniswa kuzodinga abantu abancane. Njengoba seyijwayele umnikazi wayo, i-hamca yaseTranscaucasi inqoba ukunqotshwa okusobala ngamagundane amancane futhi ihlola kahle endlini entsha.
Ukugcwaliswa kweseli
Njengoba i-hamster kaBrandt inkulu, izodinga ikheji elibanzi (okungenani 40 * 60 cm) ngezinduku ezivundlile, isikhawu esiphakathi kwawo esingama-5-6 mm.
Ukwenza i-rodent efana nokuhlala ekhejini, uyihlomise ngezimpawu:
- isifunzo
- indlu (imvamisa epulasitiki),
- othomathikhi (ingono) wokuphuza,
- isondo eliqinile lomphezulu
- imigudu
- amathoyizi (angaba amakhadibhodi),
- itshe lamaminerali
- ekhoneni lendlu yangasese nge-filler.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha ubungako bendlu, khumbula ukuthi i-hamster, ngisho nezikhwama zaseshekeni ezigcwele, zingangena kalula ngaphakathi. Uphahla lwendlu, njengomthetho, luyasuswa, kepha lungabhakuzeli lapho kuthintwa ngengozi.
Ukugijima esondweni lesondo / isitebhisi kusindisa isilwane ukungasebenzi emzimbeni kanye nokukhuluphala: i-hamster igijimela kumakhilomitha ayi-10 ngobusuku. Ugqoko ubekwe ekhoneni, ujwayela i-rodent ukuya lapho kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ikheji alikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwepallet - ekujuleni komthamo, imfucumfucu engaphansi kwendawo yezinyoni. Amashuni okhuni abekwa phansi.
Izifo zokuzala
I-hamster kaBrandt ayikhonjelwa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni njengoba izifo ezijwayelekile ezitholakala kuwo wonke ama-hamsters asekhaya. Izifo ezivame kakhulu:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo zesinye / izinso - i-rodent iyabulala, ihlala yomile futhi ihlala ichama (kwesinye isikhathi inobuhlungu negazi),
- ukukhuluphala - lesi sifo sigcwele nemiphumela, ngoba sithinta umsebenzi wohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Kususwa okusanhlamvu kilojoule ephezulu kakhulu ekudleni, kubuyisele imifino, izithelo nemifino,
- umkhuhlane - imbangela yi-hypothermia noma ukutheleleka (kaningi okuvela kumgcini ogula),
- isifo sohudo - kuvela ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile imifino noma ushintsho olubucayi ekudleni,
- ukuqunjelwa - kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi noma ukusetshenziswa kokudla owomile. Ngokuqunjelwa, i-rodent iyahlehla, futhi inani lokungcola ekhejini liyancishiswa,
- ama-fractures - ama-hamsters ajwayele ukulimaza izitho nomsila, ewa kusukela phezulu noma engaphumeleli egijima esondweni. Izilwane ezifuywayo zilinganiselwe ekuhambeni kwazo, kanti nobisi, isinkwa esithambile namakhekhe ezinja ayengezwa emenyu.
Ukunakekelwa, inhlanzeko
Indlu yangasese ifakwa emgodini ngokuthanda kwayo, kepha qiniseka ukuyinikeza ngamanzi okugeza ngesihlabathi, okumele ithengwe esitolo sezilwane (ngokuvamile lesi yisihlabathi sama-chinchillas). Ukugeza kufanele kube ngopulasitiki, obumba noma ngengilazi. Ama-hamsters ka-Brandt, njengawo wonke amanye ama-hamsters, awakaze aboshwe (ayabanda, agule futhi afe ngisho nalokhu). Ukuhlanjululwa kusuka ezingxekeni ezingcolile nezangaphandle kwenzeka ngosizi lwesihlabathi.
Kanye ngesonto, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ikheji le-hamster usebenzisa imikhiqizo emnene (engeyona enobuthi), efana nokuphuza isoda, lapho ugeza. Kuyisiko ukuhlela ukuhlanza kwentwasahlobo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.Noma yikuphi ukuhlanzwa kuphetha ngokubuyela emgodini wezicucu ezimbalwa “ezindala” ngephunga lendabuko yakhona - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthula kwesilwane.
Incazelo yeRentent
Ama-hamsters izinduku ezinamadoda amancane anama-paws amafushane, izindlebe ezincane nama-ponytails amafushane. Ubude bomzimba busukela ku-5 kuya ku-34 cm, umsila ubude kusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-10 cm. Izinsikazi zingaquka abesilisa ngosayizi. Ubovu bukhulu, emuva kunombala kusuka e-ashen noma brown-grey kuye kumbala onsundu-ocher. Isisu sitholakala ngombala omnyama, omhlophe noma ompunga. Emuva kukhona umucu omnyama. Ama-hamsters ahlukile nakwezinye izinhlobo zamagundane ezipokothweni zezihlathi ezikhule kahle.
Izici ze-Hamster Nutrition
Ama-hamsters angamalunga namagundane amnandi, kepha ukudla kwezitshalo kudla kakhulu ekudleni kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hamsters adla izinambuzane nezibungu zawo, ama-vertebrates amancane (amagundane, izirhubuluzi kanye nama-amphibians). Ekwindla, baphendukela embewini kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa, baphinde bazigcine ngobuningi ukusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-11-16 kg. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-pantries ama-hamsters anemasheya okusanhlamvu namazambane afinyelela ku-90 kg. AmaHamsters aletha okusanhlamvu, uphizi, ilayisi, amabele, amabelewheat, i-lupine, ummbila, udali, amazambane ezithangeni, kugcinwe izinhlobo ezihlukile zembewu. I-hamster idla lezi zibekelelo ebusika, zivuke okwesikhashana ukusuka ekuvinjelweni, nasentwasahlobo kuze kubonakale ukudla okusha.
I-hamster ithwala ukudla ezihlathini zayo, lapho kubekwa khona cishe ama-46 g kakolweni. Kungathwala ukudla okungaba yi-1 km.
Wasabalala uHamster
Ama-hamsters asatshalaliswa kabanzi e-Central and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, Siberia, Mongolia, enyakatho ye China nase Korea.
Izakhamuzi ezinkulu kakhulu zihlala ehlathini-steppe ne-steppe. Eningizimu, ithanda izindawo ezinomswakama, ngokwesibonelo, izigodi zemifula. Kutholakala ezintabeni ezindaweni eziphakeme ukufika ku-3600 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kuya ezintabeni nasezihlathini. Iphinde yathuthukise izindawo ezitshaliwe, ezinamasimu erayisi, amabhande amahlathi, amapaki, izingadi, izingadi zemifino, izakhiwo zokuhlala. Inhlabathi ekhethekayo enqabile, engatholakali enhlabathini enesihlabathi.
I-Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus)
Ubude bomzimba wabesilisa abesilisa bungama-27-16 cm, umsila ubude ngu-3-8 cm, kanti isisindo silinganiselwa ku-700 g.Umsila uyaphela kuze kube sekupheleni futhi umbozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane zezintambo. Izindlebe zimfishane, zimnyama. Uboya bukhulu futhi buthambile. Umbala uyakhanya, umehluko. Umhlane ubomvu onsundu, isisu simnyama. Amabala amabili amakhulu akhanyayo ayabonakala ezinhlangothini, ahlukaniswe yiboya obumnyama. Kukhona nezindawo ezikhanyayo ezinhlangothini zekhanda nasemuva kwezindlebe. Kunezinhlobo ezimnyama noma ezimnyama ezinamabala amhlophe emilenzeni nasentabeni. Sekukonke, kuchazwa okungaphezulu kwe-10 kwe-hamster ejwayelekile. Umbala uba lula kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, osayizi bomzimba banda ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga futhi ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu.
Izinhlobo zihlala emgodini nase-steppes zamahlathi zase-Eurasia kusuka eBelgium kuya e-Altai naseNyakatho Xinjiang.
UBrandt Hamster noma uTranscaucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)
Ubude bomzimba ngo-15-18 cm, ubude bomsila ngo-2-3 cm.Isisindo esifinyelela kuma-300 g. Izindlebe zincanyana. Ngemuva ngumbala onsundu ngombala. Isisu sinombala onsundu, onebala elimnyama esifubeni. Ikhanda ezinhlangothini libomvu ophuzi, ngaphansi kwezindlebe kukhona amabala amade amnyama, i-chin imhlophe. Amachaphaza amhlophe. Uboya buthambile, buqinile emsileni.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo ifaka iTurkey, i-Israyeli, iLebanon, kanye neMpumalanga yeCiscaucasia. Ihlala izitebhisi emithambekeni yezintaba, iziqongo zezintaba nezindawo ezitshaliwe.
UHamster Radde noma i-Ham-Caucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus raddei)
Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-28 cm, ubude bomsila buba ngu-1.5 cm. Umhlane unsundu. Miderals imnyama noma imnyama grey. Kukhona amabala akhanyayo esihlathini nangemuva kwezindlebe.
Sisatshalaliswa eGeorgia naseRussia, eNyakatho neCaucasus, eStavropol Territory naseCiscaucasia, ezinqabeni naseziphelweni zehlathi.
Newton's Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni)
Ubude bomzimba 14-5 cm, umsila ubude bufika ku-2 cm, isisindo 80-150 g. Umhlane ungwevu onsundu, umucu omnyama udlula maphakathi nomhlane. Intamo nesifuba zimnyama-nsundu, isisu sinombala ophuzi.
Kwenzeka kanye naseDanube, eBulgaria naseRomania.
UCampbell's Hamster (Phodopus campbelli)
Ubude bomzimba ongu-7 cm cm, bufushane ngomsila, kufinyelela ku-1.5 cm ubude, isisindo cishe ngo-25. Uboya bimpunga emnyama nge-tint emsundu, emuva kukhona umucu omnyama, isisu simpunga.
Izinhlobo lezi zivame eMongolia, enyakatho neChina eRussia naseKazakhstan.
I-Eversman's Hamster (i-Allocricetulus eversmanni)
Ubude bomzimba 13-16 cm, umsila ubude be-2-3 cm. Izindlebe zincanyana. Umsila ubanzi, uyisicaba, ububende obukhulu. Uboya bufushane, buthambile, bucwebe. Umhlane unombala onsundu noma ubomvu-noma ubomvu. I-tummy imhlophe enomngcele obukhali ezinhlangothini. Kukhona ibala elinsundu emqaleni kanye nasebeleni. Amaphaza nomsila zimhlophe ngezansi.
Ihlala eLower and Middle Trans-Volga, eningizimu yeTrans-Urals, eKazakhstan.
I-Rat hamster (i-Tscherskia triton)
Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-14 kuye ku-25 cm, umsila bube ngu-70 cm cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-92 kuye ku-241 g. Umhlane ungwevu onsundu, umsila umnyama ngombala ngethiphu elimhlophe, imilenze imhlophe.
Indawo le ifaka inyakatho mpumalanga ye China, eningizimu ye Primorsky Krai, Korea.
Ukuziphatha kukaHamster
Ama-hamsters ayizilwane zomhlaba, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukubhukuda, zithole umoya ezihlathini. Imvamisa bahlala bodwa ngasikhathi sinye, kumancanyana. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-hamsters aziphatha ngokuhlukumezayo ezihlotsheni futhi zivame ukuhlela ukulwa. Ebusika, ziwela ekuqunjeni isikhathi eside, okusaqhubeka ukungabonakali kangempela.
AmaHamsters anendlela yokuphila yesikhathi esizayo. Emini ihlala emihumeni yazo, efinyelela kumamitha ayi-8 ngobude nama-1.5 m ngokujula. Kwangathi ungabamba imisele yemilando. Emgodini ongaguquki, kusuka ku-2-5, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ku-10 ukuphuma, igumbi lokudlela nokuhlala.
Ama-hamsters asekhaya
Ekhaya, aqukethe amaSyrian, amaDzungarian, ama-Campbell hamsters nama-Robor hamsters. Ama-hamsters ama-Syria ahluke kakhulu ngombala, iphethini kanye nohlobo lwengubo. Abesilisa baseSyria abanezinwele ezinde kwesinye isikhathi babizwa ngephutha ngokuthi "Angora".
Ukukhetha i-hamster, khumbula ukuthi ama-hamsters weRoborovsky angahlala emihlambi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zazo zihlala zodwa, kuthi lapho zigcinwa ndawonye, kuqhamuke ukulwa, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwabangenamandla be-hamsters. Ngokugcinwa okuhlanganisiwe kwama-hamsters angabobulili obuhlukile, insikazi ibeletha kakhulu, elimaza impilo yayo futhi ifinyeze impilo yayo. Owesifazane okhulelwe uyakwazi ukubulala noma ukulimaza owesilisa, ukuvikela amazinyane akhe.
Ubukhulu bekheji lama-hamsters kumele okungenani bube ngu-50 cm ngamasentimitha angama-30. Kufanele kufakwe isondo elinendawo egijimayo (14-18 cm). Ukudla ekhaya akufani nokudla emvelweni. Isisekelo sokudliwayo yizitshalo ezinoshukela neziluhlaza.
Ngokuzalela, kukhethwa umbhangqwana kowesilisa onezinyanga ezine ubudala nowesifazane kusuka kwezinyanga eziyi-9 ubudala. Zihlanganiswa ndawonye endaweni engathathi hlangothi noma ekhejini labesilisa ngesikhathi sesikhathi sowesifazane, okubonakala amahora amaningi njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-17 kuye kwezingama-20. Eminyakeni yamaviki ama-4, ukukhula okuncane kuhlukaniswa nokwesifazana, kuhlukaniswe ngobulili.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngegundane:
- Igama elithi "hamster" lisuselwa ku-Old Slavic, yona ebolekwe kwi-Old Iranian, lapho igama elithi "bhutiēstar" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "isitha esiphonsa phansi." Lokhu mhlawumbe kukhombisa ukuthi i-hamster igoqa isiqu sikakolweni emhlabathini bese ikhipha imbewu.
- I-hamrian ne-Newton's hamster ifakiwe kwi-International Red Book.
- AmaHamsters abangela ukulimala kwezolimo, ngoba adla izimbali zezilimo kanye nezilimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangabathwali bamagciwane wezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo, yingakho okuqukethwe kwabo kungavunyelwe eVietnam. Inhlawulo ephezulu yokwephulwa yi-dong yezigidi ezingama-30, elingana nomholo wonyaka wezakhamizi zakuleli. Kodwa ama-hamsters nawo ayazuza. Isibonelo, izikhumba zezinhlobo ezithile ze-hamsters zivunwa. Ama-hamsters asetshenziswa futhi njengezilwane zaselebhu kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Izinhlobo zama-hamsters
I-Syria hamster. Lesi silwane sinomzimba wesitokisi wamasentimitha ayishumi nantathu unemilenze emifushane, izindlebe ezimile nxazonke, ubuso obuyindilinga, amehlo - "ubuhlalu" nomsila omncane ongabonakali kalula ngaphansi kwezinwele zawo ezikhulu. Isisu sethanga sikhanya, kanti ingemuva laso li-ocher-grey noma brownish-grey. Imilenze yangemuva ye-hamster ineminwe emihlanu, kuthi emilenzeni yangaphambili kuneminwe emine nobunwe bomunwe wesihlanu. Emvelweni, le mpuku ihlala emgodini ongashoni, futhi ikhombisa umsebenzi wayo ebusuku. I-hamster isebenzisa izikhwama zezihlathi ukuthutha izinto zokwakha isidleke nokwakha okuphakelayo. Umbala ojwayelekile kakhulu we-rodent ubhekwa njengegolide, umbala wemvelo wemvelo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-hamster yaseSyria ekhaya cishe siyiminyaka emithathu.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwe-hamster yaseSyria ekuthunjweni ukudla okusanhlamvu, ngaphezu kwalokho kunconyelwa ukunikeza okukudla okune-crunchy okuletha kuye hhayi injabulo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuletha inzuzo enkulu, ukugaya offis zakhe ezikhula njalo.
Ngokugcina i-hamster yaseSyria ekhaya, inketho enhle kunazo zonke ikheji elinganisa 40 cm x 60 cm, okufanele ifakwe:
Ilitha, ongasetshenziswa ngocingo lwe-sawdust olucindezelwe lwezingcezu zobukhulu obuphakathi, lubamba kahle umswakama kanye nephunga elimunca ngokuphelele. Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa njengombhede - uboya bekotini, amanabukeni, izindla namaphephandaba.
emkhombeni ngobubanzi bamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayishumi, okumele kukhethwe kucatshangelwa usayizi wedent.
Lapho zizala ama-hamsters ama-Syria, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi insikazi akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezine ubudala, kanti owesilisa kufanele abe nezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Ukukhulelwa kwe-hamster kuthatha izinsuku eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi inani labancane kwilitha elilodwa lisukela kubantu abane kuya kwabayishumi nanhlanu abondliwa ubisi lwebele izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, kunconyelwa ukuthi kubulawe amagciwane ngokuphelele, futhi ukulethwa kusetshenziswe ingilazi enendawo eyodwa engamamitha angama-40 x x 25 cm. Kuyenqatshelwe ukushaya unhlangothi, ukuthinta nokuthinta usana olusanda kuzalwa, ngoba intokazi, iphunga iphunga elingaphandle, ingayidla inzalo yayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nokondla, kuyadingeka ngokwahlukana futhi ngamanani amancane kufaka phakathi amaprotheni ekudleni kwabesifazane, okufana noshizi we-cottage shizi ongenawo amafutha, i-yolk yamaqanda ephekiwe, nenyama yenkukhu ebilisiwe.
I-Dzungarian hamster. Lesi isilwane esincane esithandwayo esinokuphakama okufika ku-5 cm, isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-45. Lolu hlobo lwama-rodent linezinyawo ezimbozwe izinwele, imicu emnyama ngemuva kanye nomsila omfushane kakhulu, ovame ukungabonakali, ikakhulukazi lapho isilwane sihleli. Uboya buhlukaniswa amablokete amhlophe abalulekile. Sisatshalaliswa emaphethelweni omile nasogwadule oluseningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia, e-East Kazakhstan, eKhakassia.
Ama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian akhululekile ukulungiswa kwasekhaya, kepha adinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabo, ama-hamsters aseSyria awathobeki kakhulu. Isibonelo, ikheji le-hamung ye-Dzungarian kufanele libanzi impela, ngoba izilwane zihamba kakhulu. Futhi, i-hamung ye-Dzungarian idinga itshe lokulinganisa lokugaya amazinyo. Uma usuthisa ama-hamsters ama-hamsters, ukubhekela kwabo ushukela kufanele kubhekwe, ngakho-ke ukudla okune-monosaccharides etholakala emifino, izithelo noju kufanele kungafakwa kokudliwayo.
Akunconywa ukugcina ngaphezu kwe-hamster eyodwa yalolu hlobo ekhejini elilodwa, ngoba lamagundane ayindawo enkulu futhi endaweni evaliwe anolaka komunye nomunye. Lapho zigcinwa ndawonye, ama-hamsters e-Jungar ahlala esimweni sokuxineka okuhlala njalo, futhi ekulweni angalimaza omunye komunye, aze abulale
Ama-hamsters angama-Dzungista ahlala ekhaya ahlala ehlukahluka endle ngombala. Kodwa wonke ama-hamsters amaJungar ane-strip emnyama emincane emuva kwawo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokufaka imibala ziyahlukaniswa:
standard (brownish grey, isisu esimhlophe),
isafire (iblue grey, isisu esimhlophe),
amaparele (amhlophe acwebezelayo ngezikhala ezimpunga),
i-tangerine (ukhilimu obomvu).
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian avela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, ngenkathi ekudingisweni azala unyaka wonke. Udoti ungaba nama-1 kuya kwayi-9 cubs. Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa, kufanele ngabe bahlukaniswe futhi bahlukaniswe ngobulili. Isikhathi sokuthomba sivela emavikini angama-4-6, kepha kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kokuqala okunjalo kungaba yingozi kowesifazane. Kunconywa ukuqala ukuqala kokuzala kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-4. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sowesifazane wale hamster yizinsuku eziyi-18-22. izinsikazi ezikhulelwe futhi ezihlisayo kufanele zidale izimo ezinethezekile, ngoba uma kucindezelwa insikazi ingabulala idle inzalo yayo. Futhi, insikazi ingaba nolaka maqondana nowesilisa. Owesifazane ulungele ukuvundiswa kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokubeletha, ngakho-ke owesilisa kudingeka ukuthi atshalwe kabusha ngokushesha ..
Hamster Roborovsky Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi i-hamster emfishane ibizwa ngokuthi, ngoba le yiyona encane kakhulu yama-hamsters abo ezifuywayo. Unomsila omfishane, ocishe ungabonakali ophuma kuboya. I-hamster emfushane ine-snout-nosed snout kanye nezindlebe ezinkulu eziyindilinga, emnyama ngombala ngentambo emhlophe. Kukhona amabala amhlophe amhlophe ngenhla kwamehlo. Ngemuva kweRoborovsky hamster kumbozwe ngobovu ophuzi-ophuzi, isisu nama-paws ngoboya obumsulwa obumhlophe, izisekelo zamawele zehliselwa kakhulu.
Ama-hamsters ama-dwarf ahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezinesihlabathi esigcotshwe yi-caragana. Lawa makhuba adla kakhulu ngembewu yama-beet, amakaravani, ama-hodgepodge, ama-sedges, okusanhlamvu, ama-tulips, kepha izinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates adlala indima yesibili ekudleni kwawo. Lezi hamsters zisebenza ikakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku. Imisele engashoni abayibeka esihlabathini inezinyathelo ezi-1-2 negumbi lokudlela. Isikhathi sokufuya sinwetshwa futhi siqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi siphela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ngenkathi, insikazi ngayinye iletha amalitha ama-3-4 nama-3-9 cubs lilinye. Izilwane ezisencane ezivela kwilitha yokuqala ziqala ukuzala ekugcineni kwehlobo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Ukudala izimo zempilo nokunakekela ama-hamsters amancanyana kulula. Futhi kungcono ukuzigcina ekhejini elincanyana lensimbi, ezansi lapho kuthelwa khona ungqimba lwesihlabathi olungamasentimitha angama-2-3. Amatshe ambalwa, kanye ne-hay, moss, amagatsha amancane namancanyana abekwa lapha. Ibhokisi elincane lesidleke, lapho izilwane ziphumula khona futhi zondle inzalo yazo, nalo liphoqelekile. Isihlabathi kufanele siguqulwe njengoba siba ngcolile.
Ukondla ama-hamsters weRoborovsky, njengezinye izinhlobo zama-hamsters, udinga izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla. Ukudla kufanele kufake imbewu yezitshalo zasendle nezilinyiwe, ezinjengamabala, i-sunflower, imifino nezithelo, imifino - amaqabunga e-dandelion noma ulethisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kunikezwe isinkwa se-oatmeal, nesinkwa esimhlophe esifakwe obisini. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-hamsters kufanele aphathiswe izimpethu zikafulawa. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela nokukhula kwezilwane, izilwane ezincane kufanele zinikezwe amaprotheni amaningi, okudingekayo ekukhiqizweni okuphumelelayo nokukhula okujwayelekile kwenzalo.
Ukuzala ama-hamsters amancanyana, udinga ukugcina i-pair eyodwa kuphela ekhejini. Akufanele uqukathe owesilisa nowesifazane ababili, ngoba ngalesi isilinganiso abesifazane ngokuvamile abahlangani. Ukuvuthwa kowesifazane osemncane kwenzeka ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-2, amasonto ayi-2, ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-19. Noma kukhona ukuvuthwa kamuva, lapho ama-hamsters eqala ukuzala kuphela ezinyangeni ezi-3. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungumphumela wezimo ezihlukile ekudingisweni.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku eziyi-19-22. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, uboya bubonakala ngasekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala kuthi lapho selinezinsuku eziyi-10 livikele izilwane ngokweqile ekubandeni, kepha amehlo alo avuleke izinsuku eziyi-13 kuphela. Kumaviki amathathu ubudala, bayakwazi ukuzimela futhi bangahlukaniswa nabazali babo. Owesifazane ngalesi sikhathi ulungiselela isidleke esisha, futhi uma ungatshali inzalo endala, khona-ke bayaqhubeka ukuncela umama, futhi, babe namandla, baxoshe abancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane ezisanda kuzalwa zisalela emuva ekuthuthukisweni futhi zingaze zibulawe ukungondleki.
Brandt Hamster noma i-hamster yaseTranscaucasian. I-rodent encane yomndeni we-hamster. Igama lezinhlobo linikezwa ukuhlonipha isazi sezilwane saseJalimane uJohann Brandt. Ubude bomzimba buqhamuka ku-15 kuye ku-18 cm. Futhi umsila usuka 2 kuya ku-3 cm.Ubude bonyawo bungama-16-26 mm. Ukuphakama kwendlebe 10 - 24 mm. Isisindo salesi silwane sisuka kuma-42- 296 g. Isilwane sinezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga. Umbala wemvelo wejazi lomzimba ongenhla onsundu. Isisu sinombala onsundu, esifubeni phakathi kwamabhulukwe kuhlala kukhona ibala elimnyama elifika ngaphezulu kwamahlombe. Le hamster inenhloko ebomvu ophuzi ezinhlangothini, amabala amnyama amade ngaphansi kwezindlebe, isilevu esimhlophe. Izinyawo ezimhlophe ezinezinyawo ezingenalutho. Bonke uboya bushelelezi futhi buthambile, futhi kuphela emsileni mkhulu.
I-hamuc yaseCaucasi isasazeke eTurkey, kwa-Israyeli, eLebanon, kanye nase-Eastern Ciscaucasia. Ihlala nezingxenye zezintaba nezamagquma zaseTranscaucasia naseNtshonalanga Asia. Ihanjiswe eningizimu ezintabeni zaseTalysh nasenyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Iran, enyakatho, eDagestan, yatholakala eningizimu nasempumalanga nomfula. Sulak. ETranscaucasia, ibanga layo lisuka empumalanga yamabanga wase-Arsian neLikh, kuzo zonke izindawo ezinama-steppe ne-step-steppe aseningizimu ye-Georgia ne-Armenia. Kwenzeka ububanzi ukusuka ku-300 kuye ku-3000 m ngaphezu kolwandle. m. Iningi lihlala ezintabeni. Ihlala ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngotshani obumila otshanini emithambekeni yezintaba, izihlahla zezintaba namazwe atshalwe ngabantu. Gwema izindawo ezinomswakama nezinamanzi.
Kuholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yobusuku. Ngokwemvelo isizungu. Emvelweni, isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka emi-2. Hibernates ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, futhi kuvuka ngoMashi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Isikhathi se-hibernation kwesinye isikhathi asidluli ezinyangeni ezingama-6, kodwa sinokuhlala sifike kwabali-10. Ngesikhathi sokucwaswa, ulala kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-7, ngemuva kwalokho uvuke futhi uhlale ephapheme izinsuku ezi-2, akuyona into engjwayelekile ukuthi isigaba sokulala sihlala isikhathi esingaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingama-30.
Imisele kaBrandt's hamster iqukethe inkambo enkulu evundlile, inani elincane lama-snout asuka phezulu asuka kulo, futhi munye kuphela oholela phezulu. Ukuphuma okuthambekele kuvame ukumbozwa ngomhlaba. Isidleke salesi silwane simbiwa ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-2. Ebusika, i-hamster iqoqa izinqolobane zokusanhlamvu okuhlaba umxhwele emgodini. Idla ngezingxenye eziluhlaza, imbewu nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, nezilimo.
Isifo seHamster
I-Hypothermia (kubanda). Ama-hamsters angabamba umkhuhlane noma athole umkhuhlane kubantu. Ngakho-ke, uma unomkhuhlane, unciphisa ukuxhumana nezilwane ezifuywayo, kuze kululame ngokuphelele. Izilwane zivame ukubamba amakhaza ezinkanjini ezibekwe eduze namawindi noma ezisalungiswa. Ama-hamsters ebanda athola ikhala eligudlayo, aqala ukuthunga. Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, kuphuma iso, ukozela, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ukwenqaba ukudla namanzi kungavela.
Uma i-hamster ikhombisa izimpawu zokudonsa nokuhlwitha, kodwa ihlale ikhuthele, iqhubeka nokudla nokuphuza, kufanele igcinwe endaweni efudumele, kude nezinhlaka. Faka imfucuza eyengeziwe ekhejini. Imvamisa ezimweni ezinjalo, ikhala eligobhozayo liyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uma ukululama kungenzeki noma isimo sesilwane siba sibi kakhulu, thintana nodokotela wezilwane, njengoba kungadingeka imithi elwa namagciwane. Uma i-hamster yakho ibonisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane omkhulu, njengokukhipha amehlo, ukozela, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ukwenqaba ukudla noma ukudla, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha. Ukubambezeleka ekwelashweni kungaholela ezinkingeni, ezifana ne-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia. Izilwane ezigulayo zinikezwa amanzi afudumele, lapho kufakwa khona ubisi noju.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Uma i-hamster yakho ingasebenzi futhi ikhuluphele kakhulu, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi umkhulu kakhulu. Naphezu kokubonakala kokungalimazi, ukukhuluphala yisifo esibi kakhulu. Noma kubukeka kuwe sengathi i-hamster yakho isilulame kancanyana futhi ibukeka imnandi futhi ibukeka kahle, kungcono kakhulu ukukhalisa i-alamu kusengaphambili ukuze ungazisoli ngokuthi unganaki impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo.
Imiphumela yalokhu ingaba yimbi ku-hamster, ngoba okokuqala inhliziyo iba nokukhuluphala. Futhi lokhu kungaholela, uma kungenjalo ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo, ngakho-ke kungcono kakhulu ekuqothulweni kwamathambo nempilo engemihle ye-hamster yakho ngokuzayo.
Ukuze i-hamster yehlise isisindo, mnikeze konke okudingekayo ukuze aqale ukuhola indlela yokuphila yeselula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuluphala kungavinjelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungashintshi futhi masinyane uthenge isilwane sakho esincane isondo eligijimayo lapho engazivivinya khona nsuku zonke. Kusihlwa, i-hamster isebenza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi angavunyelwa ukugijima azungeze kusofa. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi aweli ndawo, ungabaleki kakhulu.
Ngokwesilinganiso, i-hamster endala idla cishe wezipuni ezimbili ngosuku ngesilayidi sokudla. Okwakhe, leli yithosi elijwayelekile, elanele ukuze angazizwa elambile futhi akwazi ukubamba kalula kuze kube ngakusasa. Ngakho-ke, uma i-hamster yakho idla ngaphezu kwesilinganiso, khona-ke kufanele umnikeze izipuni ezimbili ezibekwe kuye ngosuku, kodwa akusekho okunye.
Khumbula ukuthi i-hamster isilwane esiphila ngokwemvelo ebekwe kuso ngokwemvelo ngokwayo. Endle, bonke bagijima nje bezungeza ogwadule beyofuna ukudla. Ngokushesha lapho beyithola, ngokushesha bayigcwalisa ngezigxobo zabo ezihlafunayo, ukuze kamuva bakwazi ukuqoqa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-hamster idla okuningi njengoba ikudinga, kepha akusekho okunye. Lapho-ke uyohlala enempilo futhi angabi namafutha.
Indlela engcono kakhulu ye-hamster enamafutha kungukunikeza ukudla okuqukethe uwoyela omningi nokunye ukudla okunomthelela ekubekweni kwamafutha emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukumnika okusanhlamvu okuqukethe okuphezulu kawoyela okuncane. Kodwa kwimifino, izithelo namakhambi, i-hamster ayidingi ukukhawulelwa. Ngeke alulame kulemikhiqizo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinso kanye nesinye. Ama-hamsters angahlaselwa yizifo zesinye noma izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinso. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalezi zifo ziyefana kuzo zonke izilwane: i-hamster ivame ukuchama, ngesinye isikhathi inegazi, isilwane sinokoma okwandayo. Ezinye izinkomba ukunganaki, ukukhala kobuhlungu lapho uchama.
Izilwane ezinezibonakaliso ezinjalo kufanele ziboniswe kudokotela, ngoba kungadingekile ukuthatha inkambo yemithi elwa namagciwane. Ama-hamsters agulayo agcinwa efudumele, futhi anikeze isilwane ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo kumanzi amasha. Hlanza ikheji lakho nsuku zonke usebenzisa amakhambi wezibulala magciwane enzelwe ukubulala amagciwane amaseli amancane ezilwane ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwesibili ngesifo esimanzi somsila.
Ngokulashwa okufanele, ama-hamsters abe ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hamster iba nokuhluleka kwe-renal noma ukwehluleka kwezinso, okuholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Izindwangu ezihlinzekwa ngokudla okuncane ngekhwalithi yokudla noma ngokudla okunamafutha amaningi zitholakala kalula ezifweni ezithathelwanayo zesinye.
Ama-Fractures. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-hamsters angathola ukwaphuka komlenze noma umsila, ngisho noma esekukhokho. Imvamisa izingozi ezigcina ngokushayisana zenzeka kusihlwa noma ebusuku, kanti kutholakala kuphela ngakusasa ekuseni. I-hamster enezitho ezonakalisiwe ingancipha; esilwaneni esilimele emsileni, sivame ukugoba.
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, akunakwenzeka ukubeka i-splint emathanjeni aphukile, ngakho-ke kufanele ulinde ukuba amathambo akhule ndawonye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhawula i-hamster ekuhambeni, kufaka phakathi isidingo sokususa isondo ekhejini. Kungcono futhi ukubeka isilwane e-aquarium, ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kwamanzi, ukuvikela amakheji ukuthi angakhuphuki futhi ehle agudle imigoqo. Isinkwa esithambile, ubisi noma amakhekhe ezinja anezelwe ekudleni ngalesi sikhathi. Ukudla okuqukethe i-calcium ephezulu.
Ama-hamsters nawo anama-fractures avulekile. Kulokhu, ithambo linamathela ngaphandle kwewashi noma umsila olimele. Uma kwenzeka inhlekelele enjalo, kufanele nakanjani ukhombise isilwane kudokotela wezilwane, ngoba, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, ukuphathwa kwesilonda ngemithi elwa namagciwane kufanele. Futhi, udokotela uzofaka ithambo ngaphakathi futhi / noma alambe isilonda.
Ama-paws aphukile noma umsila uvama ukupholisa kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-2, kepha ngenxa yokuqhekeka, i-hamster ingahlala izinyonga futhi ngomsila oboshiwe wokuphila. Lokhu akufanele kukukhathaze, ngoba akubangeli ukuphazamiseka kwesilwane.
Ukuqunjelwa. Ukuqunjelwa kweHamster kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi noma kuhlotshaniswa nokudla inani elikhulu lokudla elomile. Izimpawu zokuqunjelwa: kunciphile udoti esitokisini. Imfucumfucu leyo incane, ilukhuni futhi yomile. I-hamster ingalala. Izimpawu ezengeziwe: ukulahleka kokudla, umswakama omncane ozungeze i-anus. Uma i-hamster inokuqunjelwa, qiniseka ukuthi itholakala njalo emanzini amasha, engeza imifino nezithelo nokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu ekudleni kwakhe. Ukunikeza ithonsi lamafutha zemifino nakho kusiza ukubhekana nokuqunjelwa. Uma kungabikho ntuthuko kwi-hamster ngosuku olulandelayo, yiyise kudokotela wezilwane.
Isifo sohudo (isisu). AmaHamsters angahlaselwa yisifo sohudo ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Ushintsho olungazelelwe ekudleni, ukondla imifino eminingi nokudla okuluhlaza yizimbangela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu. Isifo sohudo singahola ukomisa. Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamandla: i-hamster ibuthakathaka, ukuphefumula kusinda futhi kuhamba kancane, umzimba ubukeka mncane kunokujwayelekile. Donsela isikhumba sika-hamster ukuze uhlole. Uma isikhumba sihamba kancane, kepha hhayi masinyane, sibuyela emzimbeni, isilwane sesiphelelwe ngamanzi. Nikeza i-hamster amanzi ngoshukela nosawoti, ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele amanzi ekhoneni lomlomo nge-syringe ngaphandle kokudlala.
Kuyathakazelisa
I-hamster enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-hamster ejwayelekile ayithathwa njengeyona enkulu kuphela, kodwa futhi enhle kakhulu, phakathi kwabafowabo. Ubukhulu bayo buhlaba umxhwele impela. Umuntu omdala ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-25-30 ubude. Inombala obomvu ogqamile, ocebile obomvu ngemuva, isisu esimnyama namabala amathathu amhlophe eceleni kwekhanda, isifuba nezinhlangothi. Ikhala nezidladla zimhlophe. Noma kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu ngombala omnyama nomhlophe noma omnyama.
I-hamster encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Phakathi kwazo zonke hamsters ezifuywayo, ezincane kunazo zonke hamsters Roborovsky. Ngobude, afinyelela amasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha kuphela. Amahlane namakhanda awo anesihlabathi siphuzi ngombala. Kepha isisu noboya bezungeze izintuthwane cishe kumhlophe. Isici esihlukile salokhu kuzalanisa kwama-hamsters akhanya, cishe "amashiya" esobala. Ukuhamba kwalezi zilwane ezihlekisayo endaweni yazo kushesha kakhulu kangangokuba abanikazi bazo bangafinyelela, ngokuyisisekelo, bebuka izilwane abazithandayo kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-hamster lubonakaliswa ukwesaba okwandayo, futhi ukuwahambisa endaweni noma ukuguqula imvelo kuba yingcindezi yangempela kubona, engahlala kuze kuphele amasonto ambalwa.
Amanye ama-hamsters angaqala ukuququda ekhejini noma izinto ezikuwo, futhi lesi simo singalungiswa ngokunikeza i-hamster ikhukhi noma ngokubeka ushokozo ekhejini. Ukuphathwa kwezinja kufanelekile - ngeke zilimaze amazinyo we-hamster futhi kungalimazi impilo nokugaya. Kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-hamster inemikhiqizo, noma izinto akwazi ukugaya amazinyo akhe - uma kungenjalo, amazinyo akhula njalo angabhoboza imihlathi.
AmaHamsters abona ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, ngasikhathi sinye angaboni kahle emehlweni. AmaHamsters ancike kakhulu ekuzweni nasekuphunga.
Iziphathimandla zaseVietnam zikuvimbele ukugcinwa kwama-hamsters, zibheka kufanele njengabathwali bezifo eziyingozi. Isizathu sezinyathelo ezinjalo ukungenisa okukhulu kwezilwane okungazange kudlule ukulawulwa kwezilwane ezivela phesheya, okwakuhambisana nokuhlasimulisa kukhalenda elisempumalanga lonyaka weRat kanye nokwanda kwesidingo samagundane amancane. Inhlawulo ephezulu yokwephula ukuvinjwa ingama-dong ayizigidi ezingama-30, okuyi-ruble angama-57,000, futhi kuqhathaniswa nemali engenayo yonyaka yokuhlala kwabahlali baleli lizwe.
I-Dzungarian (Sungurian) hamster
Ama-hamsters ama-dzungarian noma ama-dzhungariki ayizilwane eziphakathi nendawo kuze kube ngama-10 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esingama-g. Isici sazo esiyindilinga umucu omnyama eceleni komgodi kanye nesigqi esishiwoyo ekhanda. Umbala ophambili we-dzhungarika i-brown-brown back kanye nesisu esimhlophe, kepha kukhona ezinye izindlela:
Izilwane ziyahlukahluka ngemithunzi, kepha gcina iphethini yokuziphatha ekhanda nasemhlane.
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zijwayela abantu kalula futhi zihlala ekudingisweni kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3, kuyaqabukela kuze kube ku-4. Ama-Dzhungariki athwale isifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke izithelo ezimnandi kufanele zinikezwe ngobuningi.
I-Dzungarian hamster
I-Syria hamster
Ama-hamsters amaSyria makhulu kune-dzungariks. Bahlala iminyaka emi-3-4, kuyaqabukela befika eminyakeni emi-5. Ngokwezindinganiso zamazwe omhlaba, izilwane kufanele zibe nobude obungu-12 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zikhula zibe ngama-cm angama-20. Isisindo siqala ku-100 g bese siphela ngo-140 g, izinsikazi zinesisindo esingaphezulu. Umbala ovame kakhulu uyigolide, kepha kunemibala ehlukene kusuka kuzo zonke izithunzi eziphuzi nezinsundu kashokholethi nomnyama. Kunezingane ezinezikhumba ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinsundu. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwama-hamsters kuyahluka ngobude bejazi. Hlela:
- onezinwele ezinde
- Izinwele ezimfishane
- satin
- i-rex
- engenazinwele.
Uma umuntu enezinwele ezinde, khona-ke izinwele zowesifazane zingaba mfushane kakhulu.
“AmaSyria” aneminwe emi-4 ebunzini bawo, kanye nasezinyaweni zawo ezingemuva ezinhlanu.Azinokuthula okuthe xaxa kune-dzhungariki futhi enza ukuxhumana nabantu kube lula.
I-Syria hamster
Angora hamster
I-Angora igama eliyiphutha le-hamster yaseSyria enezinwele ezinde. Izilwane zama-Shaggy zibukeka zihlukile kunaseSyria ejwayelekile, kepha lokhu kuzalaniswa okufanayo. Umehluko ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo zingahlala kuphela ekhaya. Ijazi labo lidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Angora hamster
Hamsters of Roborovsky
Ama-hamsters kaRoborovsky kuphela abamele umndeni ongagcinwa eqenjini, futhi kungcono ukuba nobudlelwano bobulili obufanayo ukuvimbela ukulwa.
Lezi zingane ngamalungu amancane omndeni. Ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-5 cm. Aphinda azale ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke abiza ngaphezulu. Baphila iminyaka engaba ngu-4, futhi bazimele kakhulu kunama "Syria." Cishe akunakwenzeka ukujwayela izandla, ziyathandeka kubantu abathanda ukubuka impilo yezilwane. Izilwane ziyahlukahluka emashiya amhlophe namakhala. Isisu sabo siyakhanya futhi. Isikhumba singafakwa ngombala wegolide, isihlabathi kanye nsundu okhanyayo. Kunezingane ezine-“agouti” noboya ngombala wekhilimu.
Roborovsky Hamster
UCampbell Hamster
Ama-hamsters weCampbell afana ne-dzungariki. Zibuye futhi zilingane - zize zibe ngu-10 cm ubude futhi zibe nomucu ngemuva. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko, ama-dzhungariks anemibala emnyama ejwayelekile, kanti iCampbell inezinwele eziningi zegolide. Imichilo esikhunjeni iba mfushane futhi inciphile. “Izindonga” zokushintshwa kombala emuva kwesisu azikhulunywa kanjalo. AmaJungarian awakwazi ukuba namehlo abomvu, ngisho nama-albino. Ama-Campbells angaba amabala. Uboya be-dzhungariks bushelelezi, futhi ngeCampbell - "ama-shreds". AbakwaDzhungariki banejamo le-ovoid, neCampbell - ngesimo isibalo eyisishiyagalombili. Lezi zilwane ziphila cishe iminyaka emi-2.
UCampbell Hamster
Albino Hamsters
Ama-albino awahlukaniswanga ekuhlobeni okuhlukile, ngoba lokhu kuwukuphambuka kwezakhi zofuzo ezilwaneni zanoma yiziphi izinhlobo. Ama-albino abizwa ngokuthi ama-hamsters, omzimba wakhe ungakhiqizi i-melanin. Ngenxa yalesi sici, izilwane zinezinwele ezimhlophe ne-cornea esobala. Imithambo yegazi engenayo yenza amehlo e-albino abomvu. Ama-hamsters anjalo azwela kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga, avame ukuba nokungaboni kahle nokuzwa. Basesimweni esihle baphila ngaphansi kwezizwe zakithi.
ISyrian Albino Hamster
I-hamster emhlophe
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nesifiso sokuthola isilo sombala othile, ngokwesibonelo, abamhlophe, bese kuthi abathengisi abasizayo banikele ngohlobo olungandile lwemali eningi - i-hamster emhlophe. Futhi, lokhu kuyinkohliso. I-hamster emhlophe ingaba yi-albino, noma vele ube nalombala wejazi. Kungumhlobo odinga ukukhethwa, futhi uhlobo olusha lwe- "hamster" emhlophe alikho.
White Dzungarian Hamster
I-hamster ejwayelekile
I-hamster yasendle ingafinyelela usayizi wama-34 cm, futhi ubude bomsila wayo ingu-3-8 cm. Ihlala emaqeleni nasezintabeni zehlathi, imvamisa ihlala eduze komuntu. Isikhumba sakhe siqhakazile: ingemuva libomvu ngokubomvu, nesisu simnyama. Amabala amhlophe ezinhlangothini nangaphambili. Kunezinhlobo ezimnyama nezimnyama ezinamabala amhlophe. Ama-Gargoyles ahlala endle iminyaka emi-4, ezimweni ezinhle angafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-6.
I-hamster ejwayelekile
Grey hamster
I-hamster engwevu iyi-rodent, usayizi ongekho ngaphezu kwegundwane. kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwe-hamsters engwevu. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-9.5 kuya ku-13 cm. Unemuva olimpunga nesisu esikhanyayo. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala wesikhumba ungahluka. Akambeki imisele, kepha uhlala kubantu angabazi. Isilwane sinamaphakeji amakhulu esihlathi nezindlebe ezincane. Kwezinye izifunda, kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Grey hamster
U-Eversman Hamster noMongolia Hamster
Uhlobo lwe-Eversman hamsters luhlanganisa namagundwane amabili afanayo ngokubukeka nemikhuba: iMongolia ne-Eversman. Zombili lezi zilwane zithanda ama-steppes kanye nama-semi-desertert. UMongolia uhlala ogwadule lwaleli lizwe, enyakatho neChina kanye neTuva.
Isi-hamster saseMongolia
Zombili lezi zilwane azikho ezinkulu kuno-16 cm onomsila omfishane - 2 cm.IsiMongolia sisincane, umbala wangemuva ulula futhi akukho ndawo emnyama esifubeni esifana ne-Eversman hamster. I-hamster Eversman ingaba nomhlane ogqamile emuva ngombala onsundu, omnyama noma wegolide. Womabili ama-hamsters anesisu esikhanyayo nemilenze. Kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
I-Hamster ka-Eversman
I-Barabinsky hamster
Isilwane solo luhlobo lwe-hamsters engwevu. Ihlala eNtshonalanga Siberia, eTransbaikalia, eMongolia. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-12-13 cm, umsila ungaba cm 3. I-rodent igqoke ijazi elibomvu; umucu omnyama ugijimela emuva: ukusuka kokuhlukile kuya kufiphele kubantu abahlukile. Ukukhanya kwesisu kuya kokumhlophe. Isici esinezici ezimbili zezindlebe ezinethoni emhlophe enomngcele omhlophe ozungeze imiphetho. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zama-hamsters.
I-Barabinsky hamster
I-hamster kaSokolov
Abamele abangafundile kancane bohlobo lwama-hamsters aluhlaza. Bahlala eMongolia nase China. Ngokungafani namanye amalungu amaningi omndeni, azilimazi ukutshala kwezilimo okusanhlamvu. Ubukhulu besilwane bubalelwa ku-11.5 mm. Unesikhumba esimpunga nesisu esikhanyayo. Umsila we-hamster ucishe ungabonakali. Emhlane kukhona umucu omnyama. Ngeke aphile ekudingisweni isikhathi eside, ngoba kuncane kakhulu ulwazi ngaye.
I-hamster kaSokolov
I-hamsterhopper hamster
Utshani noma ishonster hamster ihlala eCanada naseMexico. Ikhula ibe ngu-14 cm, kufaka nomsila, isisindo sayo ingama-40-60 g. Isikhumba sayo sinsundu, isisu esikhanyayo. Isilwane sidla kuphela izinambuzane, izibungu kanye namagundane amancane. Izinhlobo ze-hamsters ezinjengalesi sidlakela asisatholakali. Isisulu sakhe singaba ufezela. I-hamster iyamelana nobuthi besinambuzane. Lezi hamsters kwesinye isikhathi zikhala kancane imizuzwana embalwa, ziphakamise amakhanda phezulu. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukukhala kwama-hamsters.
I-hamsterhopper hamster
I-hamster yaseSiberia
I-hamster yaseSiberia ihlukaniswa ngushintsho lwesikhathi sejazi loboya. Lo mmeleli omfushane womndeni ehlobo ugqoke ingubo emnyama engwevu enemucu onsundu, futhi ngezingubo zasebusika njengejazi elimhlophe elinomucu onomugqa ompunga ngemuva. Izilwane zikhula ziye kufinyelela ku-10 cm, kanti isisindo esikhulu ekhaya singama-50 g. Emvelweni, ama-rodent ahlala iminyaka eyi-2,5, ekuthunjweni - aze afike eminyakeni emi-3.
I-hamster yaseSiberia
I-Tibetan hamster
Ama-hamsters ama-Dwarf Tibetan ahlala eChina. Lezi zinhlobo zama-hamsters zingahlala ezindaweni zezintaba endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-4000 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Izilwane zikhula zibe ngu-11 cm, kanti nomsila ucishe ube yingxenye yobude bomzimba. Umbala wazo ungwevu ngemithambo emnyama namnyama. Umsila wehlile, umucu omnyama ugijima ngaphezulu kobuso bawo. Isisu nengxenye engezansi yomsila.
Brandt Hamster Habitat
IBrandt's Hamster ijwayelekile kwa-Israyeli, e-Ciscaucasia eseMpumalanga, eduzane nase-Asia, eDagestan, eCaucasus, ezintabeni zeTalysh, eTurkey, eLebanon. Iningi lihlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, lihlala endaweni eseduze namaphethelo okusanhlamvu, amadlelo asezintabeni, umhlonyane osomgxobhozo, umhlaba wezintaba. Kepha umngani weCaucasian akazibekezeleli izindawo ezinamanzi nezinomswakama. Kepha lezi izinduku zihambisana ngokuphelele nokuphila endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-300 kuye kwangama-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-15 kuye ku-18 cm futhi umsila usuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 cm.U ubude bezinyawo buyi-16- 26 mm.Ukuphakama kwendlebe kungama-10- 24 mm. Isisindo singama-42- 296 g.Izindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga. phakathi kwamabhulukwe kuhlala kukhona ibala elimnyama elifika ngaphezu kwamahlombe.Azinhlangothini, ikhanda libomvu ngokuphuzi, amabala amnyama amnyama ngaphansi kwezindlebe, i-chin imhlophe.Imilenze emhlophe enamasende angenalutho.Ijazi lonke libushelelezi futhi lithambile, futhi kuphela emsileni mkhulu kakhulu
Njengama-hamsters amaningi e-Old World, i-hamca yeTranscaucasi ibonakala ngokuba khona kwezigaxa.Umzimba ugoqekile, umsila awubonakali, imilenze imfishane.I-Colouring - fur fur is ehlobo-fawn ehlobo.Uhlangothi olusezansi - ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya komlotha ompunga.Ibala elimnyama esifubeni. ekhoneni lomlomo, kuqala imicu ephindwe kabili, ihlukanisa ikhanda ibe izingxenye futhi ifinyelele emahlombe.Ingxenye engenhla yomucu iba nsundu ngombala onsundu, iphansi, ibanzi, ibe mhlophe.Eshekeni kukhona ibala eliphuzi. Ebusika, lobovu bufiphele Imidwebo yesigaxa iyi-ovate: ububanzi buhlakazeka buhlukane Ama-ankgomatic arches akhula kancane abuyele emuva, afinyelele inani elikhulu kakhulu ku-suture ye-temporomandibular.U ubude be-condylobasal sude ngokuvamile abukho ngaphezu kuka-35 mm. Isigaba se-nasal sifushaniswa. ukusondela kancane Ukuvulekela kwe-incisal, okuqala kusuka phakathi kobude bawo, ukunwebeka, futhi kuyi-anterior taper yesithathu kunalokho kubukhali kuze kube semaphethelweni
Ukusatshalaliswa
I-Caucasian hamster isabalele eTurkey, kwa-Israyeli, eLebhanoni nase-Ciscaucasia eseMpumalanga.Ihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisezintabeni.Ihlala ezindaweni zezindawo ezakhiwe ngotshani obusebaleni emithambekeni yezintaba, emadwaleni ezintaba nasemazweni atshalwe ngabantu.
Izintaba nezindawo ezakhiwe ngezinyawo zeTranscaucasia kanye neNtshonalanga ye-Asia eningizimu, isatshalaliswa ezintabeni zaseTalysh nasenyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Iran, enyakatho, eDagestan - yatholakala eningizimu nasempumalanga yoMfula iSulak .. ETranscaucasia, ububanzi bayo bufinyelela empumalanga ebangeni le-Arsian neLikh, yonke indawo esezintabeni ne-step-steppeez eziseningizimu ye-Georgia ne-Armenia. Ivela ebangeni eliphakeme ukusuka ku-300 kuye ku-3000 m ngenhla kwe-ur m
Amanothi
- ↑ 12 I-Sokolov VE Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezinhlanu samagama ezilwane iMammals Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French / under edit general of Acad. VE Sokolova - M: Russian Russian, 1984 - C 161 - 10 000 amakhophi
- ↑ AmaBo Beolens, uMichael Watkins, noMike Grayson Isichazamazwi sesisho sezilwane ezincelisayo - iBaltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009 - P 54 - 574 p - ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9
Izixhumanisi
- AmaVertebrates aseRussia: UBrandt's Hamster
Ukuze uthuthukise le ndatshana, kungcono ukuthi:
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Brandt Hamster Imininingwane Mayelana
Little Hamster Little, Brandt sika Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti Nehring, 1898), ukubuka uhlobo lwama-hamsters aphakathi. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-150 mm, umsila ubude bufika kuma-39 mm. Amathoni anombala onsundu agqamile kumbala waphezulu. Ingaphansi lomzimba liphuzi noma liphuzi, kuphela esifubeni kukhona ibala elimnyama. Umucu omnyama esihlathini umncane, ibala elikhulu eliphuzi esihlathini lixhumene nendawo ekhanyayo ngemuva kwendlebe. Ukuvuleka kwe-incisal kugebhezi akufinyeleli ku-phambili futhi phambili kwayo yesithathu akukho kuncane kunaphakathi. Kunama-chromosome angama-42 karyotype.
Hamster
I-Asia Little hamster isatshalaliswa endaweni eyomile (300-3000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle) izitebhisi zase-Asia Minor, iTranscaucasia isentshonalanga ne-Iran, i-Levant. Ihlala ezihlahleni zasempumalanga-umhluzi, ummbila ohlukahlukene wokusanhlamvu, izihlahla zezintaba, phakathi naphakathi kwezilimo zezilimo zezolimo. Gwema izindawo ezimanzi neziwugwadule. I-hamster encane yase-Asia igaya izimbobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamakamelo amaningana nezindinyana eziqondile ezingama-1-3 ezisuka endaweni evundlile, okufika kuyo i-1 kuphela ebusweni. Ikamelo lokudlela kwesinye isikhathi litholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2. Ngokungafani nezimbobo zamanye ama-hamsters amakhulu, indawo eqala ukusuka lapho kuqalwa khona, imvamisa kulo lonke ubude bayo kuya egumbini lokuqala ihlanganiswa nomhlaba. Ebusika bawela ekubandakanyeni ubusika, ubude bawo buxhomeke ekuphakameni komhlaba (ngokwesibonelo, umbhede welulwa ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kukaDisemba).
I-hamster encane yase-Asia idla izingxenye eziluhlaza kanye nembewu yezitshalo zasendle nezitshaliwe. Wenza ukubekelela ubusika. Abesifazane abadala bazala izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka. Esifubeni, kuze kufike ku-12-16 cubs. Kwezinye izindawo, kubangela ukulimaza okukhulu ezitshalweni zebhali nakwezinye izilimo. Isithwali semvelo sama-ejenti abangela i-tularemia futhi, mhlawumbe, umkhuhlane we-Q.
Brandt Hamster, noma i-Transcaucasian hamster (lat. Mesocricetus brandti) - ummeleli wohlobo lwama-hamsters aphakathi, umndeni we-hamster, i-rodent oda.
Habitat nokuziphatha. I-hamster kaBrandt itholakala eYurophu nase-Asia, futhi ingakwazi ukuzijwayeza izindawo ezahlukene. Lolu hlobo luhlala ezindundumeni zesihlabathi, emaphethelweni asogwadule nasezweni lezolimo, emazweni anezimila ezimbalwa, lapho utshani buhlala buhlala khona. Izindawo eziphakemeyo lapho izando zama-Brandt zihlala khona zisukela ku-1 000 kuya ku-2 200 metres ngaphezu kolwandle. Le hamster ibhula izimbobo zokukhosela, ezitholakala ekujuleni kuka-50 kuya ku-200 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Le migodi iqukethe imigudu eminingana eholela kumagumbi okwakha izidleke, ukondla nokuphumula. Abuye asetshenziselwe i-hibernation.
Ukudla. I-hamster kaBrandt inokudla okuhlukahlukene, kepha isuselwa ezitshalweni nakumakhambi. Ziphinde zidle izinambuzane, futhi zibekele ubusika ebusika ezimpandeni nasemacembe. Imvamisa yeBrandt's ihlala eduze nepulazi bese idla izitshalo ezitshalwe kuzo, ezithathwa njengezinambuzane.
Ubuningi nezinsongo. I-hamster kaBrandt iyinhlobo engandile, yize ivumelana nezimo zokuphila ezahlukahlukene. Le nhlobo ivame ukuhlala eduzane nepulazi futhi ibhekwa njengesidakamizwa, okucasulayo abalimi bendawo ukuthi balwe nama-Brandt's hamsters futhi kuholele ekunciphiseni kwabantu babo.
Ukuzala. Ama-Brandt hamster izinsikazi afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka engama-8 ubudala, kuyilapho abesilisa bezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. I-hamster kaBrandt ingazala amalitha amane ngonyaka ngesilinganiso sezingane eziyishumi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-14-17.
Izincwadi
- V. E. Flint, Izimbongi ze-USSR, i-Thought Publishing House, eMoscow, ngo-1965
Brandt's Hamster. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-150 mm, umsila ubude bufika kuma-39 mm. Umbala ongaphezulu ubusuthu-fawn, isihlahlana somnyama simnyama, ibala likhekhe likhulu, lixhumeke ngemuva kwendlebe, isisu simhlophe ngokukhanyayo, i-ash grey, futhi kukhona ibala elimnyama esifubeni phakathi kwamabunzi.
Amaphethelo angaphambili awathinti engxenyeni engaphandle yebhokisi lobuchopho, efulathela ngokuningana eqonde emuva, anciphise indawo yamaphayiphathi we-trapezoidal, futhi aqhubekele phambili esifundeni semikhawulo yangemuva yamathambo omgogodla, nawo afinyelela endlebeni ye-interorbital. Imiphetho yangemuva kwengozi yangaphambili iyafana noma ibangana eduze kwendlela yangaphambili, ukuvuleka kwe-incisal kuqala ukunwebeka kusuka engxenyeni, futhi kumphambili wabo wesithathu ongaphandle ngokuqinile kuze kube semaphethelweni.
Ukubhebhetheka. Izintaba kanye nengxenye yamaphethelo ezansi kwe-Front (entshonalanga ne-Iran, iTurkey) nengxenye ye-Asia Minor kanye neCaucasus. Iyatholakala naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCiscaucasia emathafeni nasezintabeni zaseDagestan eningizimu nasempumalanga nomfula. ISulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, njll).
ETranscaucasia, uhla lwe-hamster kaBrandt luyenzeka kancane; izingxenye zayo ezikhethekile ziyaziwa eStrak steppe (Iorsky naseKartalinsky plateaus) kanye nasenkabeni naseningizimu Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karayazy, njll). Iningi kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi zenyakatho yeCasta Caucasus, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zayo ezisentshonalanga nangasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, eNagorno-Karabakh nasebangeni leNakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic naseTalysh.
Izinsalela zamathambo ziyaziwa kusukela ePleistocene (entshonalanga Georgia) enyakatho-ntshonalanga yemingcele yesimanje yendawo yokusabalalisa.
I-Biology nokubaluleka komnotho. ETranscaucasia, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-hamster enhle ye-Brandt kukhawulelwe kuphela ebhandeni le-uper xerophytic cereal-wormwood steppes kanye nengxenye yezindawo zezintaba (eziseningizimu ne-Armenia) ekuphakameni ukusuka kuma-300 kuye ku-3000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. m., kuvame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1200-2000. ENingizimu mpumalanga yeCiscaucasia kuhlala esifundeni sezintaba ezinotshani eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-300-500 ngaphezu kolwandle. m. Zombili izindawo ezimanzi nezilahliwe nakanjani ziyagwema, zihlala ngokuzithandela phakathi kwezilimo.
Njengomthetho, uhlala emisele yemigodi ezimele yokuzimela, yohlelo olufanayo lokunye ukwakhiwa kwama-hamsters amakhulu, futhi eCiscaucasia kuphela indawo etholakala ezindimeni eziguquliwe zekoloni le-vole yomphakathi. Imbobo eqediwe inama-vest ama-vertical vertical extended from the usawa, ngoba ingxenye enkulu kuphela efika ebusweni. Ngokuphikisana nemisele yeminye izinhlobo ezinkulu zefransi engaphansi, inkambo ye-oblique, okuqala kuyo ukumba umgodi, ihlala ivalwa ngomhlaba wonke ubude bayo kuze kube igumbi lokuqala. Amaphasi atholakala ekujuleni: igumbi lezidleke kwesinye isikhathi liba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2. Izindlela eziningi zivame ukunyathelwa ezindaweni ezivulekile, futhi kunezindawo ezibalulekile ezingenalo uhlaza.
Uhlobo lokudla komsoco luyafana nolwezinye izinhlobo Mesocricetus. Akukho datha osayizi wokubhuka; ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, kutholakale amaqabunga ezinhlamvu, i-clover, nesambulela.
Abesifazane abadala bazala izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka. Inani lentsha lifinyelela ku-12-15. NgoJuni, izilwane zasezinyamazane esezivele zafika, esefinyelele kancane kubukhulu bomuntu omdala, ziqala ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. Isikhathi se-hibernation siyahlukahluka ngokuphakama kwendawo, ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kukaDisemba.
Kwezinye izindawo i-hamster kaBrandt iletha umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni zebhali. Izikhumba ziwele eziseleni.
Ukuhlukahluka kwendawo. Akufundwanga. Vala ukubuka M. auratus I-Waterhouse, evame ukusetshenziswa njengesilwane eselabhoratri, ihlukile ku-Asia Minor hamster cytogenetically. Umehluko ofanayo ovela kwi-hamster ye-Pre-Caucasian ayaziwa, kungenzeka ukuthi endaweni emincane yabantu abaseDagestan etholakalayo kutholakala ukuthi kungokuguquguquka ngosayizi nombala phakathi kwezindawo ezincanyana ze-Hamster ye-Pre-Caucasian kanye ne-Asia Little hamster.
Amareferensi: Izilwane ezincelisayo zase-USSR. Ingxenye 1. Ukushicilela Indlu ye-USSR Academy of Science. EMoscow-Leningrad, ngo-1963