Ividiyo emnandi ye-cuttlefish, ikunikeza ithuba lokuncoma amandla amakhulu emvelo we-cephalopod mollusk - amandla okushintsha umbala ngokushesha. Izimbali cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi) zahlungwa ngumphambukeli waseJapan Maritime Club. I-mollusk ishintsha ukubukeka kwayo isebenzisa ama-chromatophores - amaseli wesikhumba aqukethe imibala.
Izakhamizi eziningi zasolwandle zisebenzisa le mfanelo ukuhlangana nendawo ezungezile. Umbala ogqamile wezimbali ezisikayo uveza into eyodwa: “Ungangidla!” Imollusk ayinawo umdlandla onjenge-octopus okwesabisayo, futhi futhi ayivamile kubantu.
Izimbali cuttlefish zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ulwandle lwasemanzini olwandle." I-Cuttlefish namanye ama-cephalopod amaningi - isigaba sezilwane ezibandakanya i-squid ne-octopus - singashintsha umbala kuma-millisecond angama-300 (amashumi amathathu wesekhondi).
Ukubhebhetheka
Ububanzi bemvelo, ukusuka eMangera kuya ogwini oluseningizimu yeNew Guinea, butholakala eduze kwaseSulawesi, iMoluccas, ngisho naseziqhingini zaseMalawi iMabul naseSipanada.
Ngo-Okthoba 9, 1874, intokazi yaqoqwa oLwandle i-Arafura ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-51 ngumkhumbi weChallenger, manje usugcinwe eMnyuziyamu waseLondon Museum Wezemvelo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-flowtle cuttlefish.
Izimbali cuttlefish iyi-mepusk encane ye-cephalopod, ubude bayo busuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 cm. Owesifazane mkhulu kunowesilisa. Bonke abameleli beMetasepia banezinhliziyo ezintathu (izinhliziyo ezimbili ze-gill kanye nesitho sokujikeleza esiyinhloko), uhlelo lwezinzwa ngesingeli, igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eliqukethe izingxube zethusi.
Izimbali cuttlefish zihlome ngamatende angama-8 ububanzi, lapho kukhona khona imigqa emibili yezindebe zokuncela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamathebhu amabili okubamba, afanayo ngamathiphu ku- "batons".
Ingaphezulu lamatende okubamba libushelelezi kulo lonke ubude, futhi emaphethelweni kuphela anezinkomishi ezinkulu zokubamba. Izimbali cuttlefish zidwetshwe ngombala onsundu. Kodwa ngokuya ngesimo, umzimba wabo uthola izithunzi ezimhlophe nezphuzi, bese amatende aba ansomi-bomvana.
Isikhumba sama-cephalopods siqukethe ama-chromatophores amaningi ngamaseli we-pigment, lawo ama-flowtle cuttlefish akhinyabezeka kalula ngokuya ngemvelo yangemuva. Abesifazane nabesilisa banemibala efanayo yombala, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela.
Umzimba we-cuttlefish umbozwe ingubo ebanzi ebanzi kakhulu, efekethisiwe ohlangothini lwe-dorsoventral. Ngasohlangothini lwengubo yengubo kunezimbhangqwana ezintathu zamakhulu, amaflethi ayizicaba, afana ne-papillae, amboza amehlo. Ikhanda lilincane kancanyana kunengubo yonke.
Ukuvula umlomo kuzungezwe izinqubo eziyishumi. Kwabesilisa, ipheya elilodwa lamatende liguqulwa libe yi-hectocotylus, okudingekayo ekugcineni nokuhambisa ispermatophore kowesifazane.
Ukushintsha kombala kwe-cuttlefish yezimbali.
Izimbali cuttlefish zigcinwa ikakhulukazi kwisakhi sendawo esinosilika. Izindawo eziphakeme eziphansi kwamanzi ezinamagquma ezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezinothile zicebile ezintweni eziphilayo ezondla i-cuttlefish yezimbali. Kule ndawo yokuhlala, ama-cephalopods akhombisa ukufihla okumangalisayo, okuwavumela ukuthi ahlangane ngokuphelele nombala wezinto ezisezansi ezingaphansi.
Uma kwenzeka kusongelwa empilweni, ama-flowtle cuttlefish aguqula imibala yokuguqula imibala ivele ibe nsomi okhanyayo onsomi, ophuzi, obomvu.
Ukushintshwa kombala osheshayo kuncike emsebenzini wezitho ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngama-chromatophores. Umphumela wama-chromatophores alawulwa yisistimu yezinzwa, ngakho-ke umbala womzimba wonke uguquka ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwemisipha esebenza ekhonsathini. Amaphethini anemibala ahamba kuwo wonke umzimba, enza ukukhohlisa kwesithombe eshukumayo.
Ziyadingeka ekuzingeleni, ekuxhumaneni, ekuvikeleni nasekuzifihleni okuhle. Imivimbo yeViolet ehambisana nezingxenye ezimhlophe ivame ukudonsela ohlangothini lwengubo; izici ezinjengombala zazinikeza igama elithi “flowery cuttlefish” ezinhlotsheni. Lemibala egqamile isetshenziselwa ukuxwayisa ezinye izidalwa ngezinto ezinobuthi zalama cephalopods.
Lapho ehlasela, izimbali ezisikayo ezi-flowtlefish azishintshi umbala isikhathi eside futhi zizulise amatende abo, zixwayisa isitha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zimane zibaleke, zikhiphe ifu le-ink ukuze lidumaze umhlaseli.
Ukusabalala kwe-flowtle cuttlefish.
Izimbali cuttlefish dioecious. Abesifazane bavame ukushada nabesilisa abangaphezu koyedwa. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalela bathola imibala emibalabala ukuheha izintokazi.
Amanye amadoda angashintsha umbala ubukeke njengowesifazane, ukugwema owesilisa onolaka kakhulu, kepha futhi asondele kowesifazane ukuze athole ukuvuthwa.
Izimbali cuttlefish has Umanyolo yangaphakathi. Abesilisa banesitho esikhethekile, i-hectocotyl, esisetshenziselwa ukugcina futhi sidlulise ama-spermatophores (amaphakethe wesidoda) esifundeni sebhuccal sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala. Insikazi ibamba ama-spermatophores ngezinsimbi zomzimba bese izibeka emaqandeni ayo.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ngasikhathi sinye emihlanjeni nasemifantwini yolwandle ukuze ifihle futhi ivikele izinyamazane. Amaqanda amhlophe hhayi azungezile ngesimo; ukukhula kwawo kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi.
Ama-cuttlefish amadala anendaba nezingane, izinsikazi, ukubeka amaqanda ezindaweni eziseceleni, ziyafa ngemuva kokuhluma. Isikhathi sokuphila se-cuttlefish emvelo ngokwemvelo sisuka ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-24. Lolu hlobo lwe-cuttlefish aluvamisile ukugcinwa ekudingisweni, ngakho-ke, izici zokuziphatha ekudingisweni azichazwanga.
Ukuziphatha kwe-flowery cuttlefish.
Izimbali ezisikayo ziyizimbali zokubhukuda kancane uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-cephalopods, anjenge squid. "Ithambo" langaphakathi lisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukungasebenzi ngokulawula umfutho wegesi noketshezi, olungena emagumbini akhethekile e-cuttlefish. Njengoba "ithambo" lincane kakhulu maqondana nengubo, ngokuvamile i-cuttlefish ayikwazi ukubhukuda isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi "ihambe" phansi.
Izimbali cuttlefish zinamehlo amahle kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukubona ukukhanya okusobala, kepha umbono wabo awuwona umbala. Emini, izimbali zasendle ezihlala emanzini zifuna ukuzingela inyamazane.
I-Cuttlefish inomqondo owakhiwe kahle, kanye nezitho zombono, ukuthinta kanye nokuzwa kwamagagasi omsindo. I-Cuttlefish ishintsha umbala uphendula imvelo yakhona, kungaba ukuheha inyamazane noma ukugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye. Amanye ama-cuttlefish angadlula emazingeni anezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukudla okunempilo kwe-cuttlefish.
Izimbali cuttlefish ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Bondla ikakhulu ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezinamadonki. Ngenkathi ubamba inyamazane, i-flowtlefish cuttlefish iphonsa ama-tentpent phambili ngaphambili bese ibamba isisulu, bese uyiyisa “ezandleni”.
Kusebenzisa umlomo nolimi olujwayezwe uqhwaku - i-radula, efana nebhulashi le-wire, i-cuttlefish idonsa ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane. Izingcezu ezincane zokudla ziyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni ukudla, ngoba i-esophagus ye-cuttlefish ngeke ikwazi ukuphutha inyamazane enkulu kakhulu.
Inani kumuntu.
Izimbali cuttlefish zingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ezinobuthi ezaziwayo zama-cephalopods. Ubuthi be-Cuttlefish bunemiphumela efanayo ebulalayo njenge-toxin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Into le iyingozi kakhulu ebantwini.
Ukwakheka kwale-toxin kudinga ukufundwa okuningiliziwe. Mhlawumbe izothola ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokwelapha.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-cuttlefish egelezayo.
Izimbali cuttlefish azinaso isimo esikhethekile. Imininingwane emincane kakhulu ngempilo yalezi cephalopod zasendle. Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter.
Izimbali cuttlefish (ezaziwa nangokuthi zidwetshwe, zigqamile noma zishisa ngomlilo) zingenye yezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu engihlangane nazo kuzo zombili imvelo nemvelo yasemanzini. Lezi zilwanyana ezinamaphiko ziyizidlakela ezinhle, ezinamakhono eziholela kwimpilo esebenzayo futhi zife esemncane. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngolunye usuku bazohlatshwa ekudingisweni, ukuze bonke abathandi bama-cephalopods babe nethuba lokuba nesilwane esinjalo. I-Cuttlefish ingabadlali basolwandle. Ahamba emanzini njengabadanisi basolwandle. Amatende abo okubamba abambelela ngokuqinile ngejubane nokunemba okucatshangwa ngabadwebi bempi. Umbala nephethini lalezi zilwane kufana netshe elibushelelezi, kuthi ngemuva komzuzwana bashintshe ukubukeka kwabo, kukhombisa umhlobiso onobukhulu obuthathu, nokunye okufana nesilo esivela ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi. Futhi yize onke ama-cuttlefish enalezi zimpawu, kukhona inhlobo eyodwa lapho lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa khona lapho ezinye i-cuttlefish zimane ziphele uma ziqhathaniswa nayo - lolu hlobo lubizwa kahle ngokuthi yi "Flowery Cuttlefish". I-Metasepia esanda kubhajwa nge-mysid shrimp ngemuva ukuze ifaniswe nosayizi.
Izimbali cuttlefish, Metasepia pfefferi, - isilwane esincane esimangalisayo esitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinodaka. Amathafa amakhulu anjalo angaphansi kwamanzi angenasisekelo nodaka oluxazululiwe ekuqaleni abonakala elahliwe, kepha empeleni zihlala inani elikhulu lezilwane eziyinqaba, ikakhulukazi, amademoni olwandle, izinaliti zolwandle kanye nezindawo ezihlukene zangaphandle. Ifanele ngokuphelele inkampani enjalo eyinqaba, izimbali ze-cuttlefish, njengomthetho, zingamakhosi okufihlakala, zikwazile ukuhlangana ngokuhlangana nendawo engwevu. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokwethuka, imibala eguqulwe ngaphambili yathuthukisa ibe nsomi egqamile, obomvu, ophuzi nokumhlophe. Le mibala icwazimula emzimbeni wesilwane sonke. I-Flamboyant cuttlefish inesibindi ngokumangalisayo, noma isesimweni sokuthuthumela, izogcina insimu yazo yize umbono wombukiso ungaqhubeka isikhathi esithile. Ukudlala okumangazayo okunjalo kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kokuntywila “kokudaka”, kanye nezimbali zokusika izimbali zaba yizinto eziyimpoqo kubathwebuli bezithombe abangaphansi kwamanzi nabasebenza kuma-video, ngaphezu kwalokho, baba yizilwane ezifiselekayo, kodwa ezingafinyeleleki kalula ezilwaneni zasemanzini.
I-Metasepia esanda kubhajwa esihlabathini ibonisa imibala yomuntu omdala.
I- "Flamboyant" egameni lezentengiso iyimfanelo ebonakalayo, kepha i- "cuttlefish" ayicacanga kangako ('cuttle' kanye 'ne-fish'). Imvelaphi yegama elithi 'cuttlefish' noma 'cuttlefish' ("cuttlefish") ayikacaciswa. Ngokusho komcwaningi we-cephalopod, uJohn W. Forsyth, "Igama elithi Cuttlefish (cuttlefish) ekuqaleni livele njengenguqulo yokubiza igama lesiDashi noma lesiNorway ngalezi zilo ezinkulu. Igama lisuselwa ku-'codele-fische 'noma elithi' kodle-fische '. EJalimane, i-cuttlefish kanye ne-squid kuthiwa yi-tintenfische, okusho ukuthi "inhlanzi ye-ink." Ngezwa ukuthi igama elithi 'fische' empeleni lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kunoma yiziphi izidalwa ezihlala olwandle noma ezibanjwe enetheni, hhayi izinhlanzi nje. Kunoma ikuphi, leyo yindlela engangiqonda ngayo umsuka wegama. ”
Adult Metasepia.
Muva nje, kuye kwaba nokuthambekela, okungenani ezindaweni zasemanzini, ukwenza amagama ezilwanyana ngazinye “zilungile” ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka. Isibonelo, noma i-jellyfish (Jellyfish) noma (Starfish) ayizinhlanzi, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi amaJellies kanye ne-Star Stars (i-starfish), ngokulandelana. Mhlawumbe yisikhathi sokubiza ama-cuttlefish 'cutways', ngoba nawo awazona izinhlanzi.
Umcwaningi weCephalopods uDkt James Wood ucacisa ngokufingqiwe ngokucacile: "Ama-Octopus, squid, cuttlefish kanye ne-nautilus yegumbi (isikebhe) angaphansi kwesigaba seCephalopoda, okusho 'ikhanda kuya ezinyaweni'. Isigaba seCephalopoda solohlobo lwe-Mollusca (Mollusks), okubandakanya nemollusks ye-bivalve (ama-scallops, ama-oysters namanye ama-bivalve mollusks), ama-mollusks ama-gastropod (iminenke, ama-slugs, ama-nudibranch mollusks). ama-chitons) "kepha-ke, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo, ama-cephalopods ahamba ngokushesha okukhulu, azingela ngenkuthalo futhi abukeka njengezilwane ezihlakaniphe impela. "
Eqinisweni, i-genus Metasepia imelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili: Metasepia pfefferii-flowtle cuttlefish, nayo evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Pfeffer's cuttlefish, etholakala kusukela ogwini lwe-Indonesia iye eNyakatho Australia nasePapua New Guinea, kanye Metasepia tullbergi, i-cuttlefish etholakala ngopende etholakala isuka eHong Kong iye eningizimu yeJapan. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zincanyana, zinezingubo ezincane amasentimitha angama-6,5 ubude, kuyilapho izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ngokubukeka, kunzima impela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza imvamisa kususelwa ekungafani okuningana ku "Foam olwandle (amathambo)" ezilwane. Abamele iMetasepia, kanye nawo wonke ama-cephalopods, banezinhliziyo ezintathu (izinhliziyo ezimbili ze-branchial noma ze-gill nenhliziyo eyinhloko, epompa igazi kwezinye izitho zomzimba), ubuchopho obumise okwendandatho neblue, eliqukethe igazi. “Zinezingalo” eziyisishiyagalombili ezinemigqa emibili yezindebe zokuphuza ngakunye nokuhlangana okubili okufana ne “batons” emaphethelweni. Amatende okubamba abushelelezi kulo lonke ubude; kuphela endaweni ethokozisayo ye "baton" kukhona izinkomishi zokusika, ezinye zazo zikhulu kakhulu. Amatende aphonswa ngokuqinile phambili, abambe inyamazane futhi alethe "ezandleni". Lapho isisulu sibanjwa “izandla”, lesi silwane sithumela umlomo waso omise okomlomo nolimi-i-radula efana nebhulashi le-wire kuso ukuze sinciphise ubukhulu besisulu sibe esifanele. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinyamazane iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba i-esophagus ye-cuttlefish idlula maphakathi nomqondo wobuchopho besilwane - inyamazane enkulu kakhulu ingalimaza ubuchopho besilwane. Ukushintshwa okubukhali kombala we-flowery cuttlefish kwenziwa yizitho ezikhethekile zesikhumba, ama-chromatophores. Ama-chromatophores alawulwa uhlelo lwezinzwa, futhi yizo ezivumela ama-cuttlefish ukuba aguqule ngokushesha umbala womzimba wawo wonke ngokuvumelanisa kwemisipha ukushintsha inani lemibala. Amaphethini esikhumbeni nawo awawona ama-static, angahamba njengesithombe esinezithombe, kukholelwa ukuthi asiza ekuxhumaneni, ekuzingeleni futhi asetshenziselwa i-camouflage. Isibonelo ingaphezulu lengubo engemuva, lapho imivimbo ebubende uvame ukudonsela ezindaweni ezimhlophe ngombala weMetasepia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kugwenywe izinyamazane noma ukucasha, ukulandela umkhondo ongase ube izisulu, izimbali ezisikayo ezigelezayo ziyakwazi ukushintsha ukwakheka kwesikhumba sazo ngokuqumba amashubhu (i-papillae) etholakala emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuthi zingaguqula ukugeleza komzimba. Amabhubhu amakhulu esigqokweni esiphezulu se-flowtle cuttlefish ahlala engashintshiwe. Izimbali cuttlefish zisebenzisa imodi yezinyathelo ezintathu zokuhamba. Zine-fa ezungeza ingubo futhi evumela ukuthi isilwane sihambe, ngaphezu kwalokho, singasebenzisa "ukunyakaza okusebenzayo" ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa amagebuli kanye nethango, elinikeza ukunyakaza okusheshayo okumangazayo. Okumangazayo futhi ukuthi ama-cuttlefish ahamba ngezimbali avame ukuhamba eceleni kosizo esebenzisa “izingalo” zangaphandle nezimbotshana ezimbili ezingxenyeni engezansi yengubo ngokuthi "yimilenze". Njengoba isipiliyoni sami sibonisa, abakwaCuttlefish Metasepia bakhetha le ndlela yokuhamba bayobhukuda, futhi bashiye umugqa ongaphansi kuphela uma besaba kakhulu noma bekhathazeka kakhulu ngamaqembu abahlukahlukene abazama ngokuqhubekayo ukuzithwebula. Izici ezaziwa kakhulu ngo-cuttlefish “lufuthi lwasolwandle” (noma ithambo elisicaba), elivame ukusetshenziswa ngabaninizilwane ezifuywayo njenge-calcium-equkethe isengezo senkukhu yokuhlobisa. Abakwa-Cuttlefish basebenzise leli “gobolondo” elinamagumbi amaningi liguqulwe, ukuze baguqule ukugcwala, bagcwalise ngokushesha izimbotshana ngogesi, noma bazikhulule kulo. Ngokumangazayo, ngaphandle kokuthi "amagwebu olwandle" iningi le-cuttlefish lilingana nengubo yesilwane, "igwebu lolwandle" elibunjwe ngedayimane le-flowery cuttlefish lincane kakhulu, lincane, futhi lenza kuphela 2/3 kuya ku-¾ wobude bengubo. Usayizi omncane “wegwebu lolwandle” ungakudida ukubhukuda futhi, kungenzeka, yisizathu esenza ukuthi izimbali ze-flowtlefish zikhethe "ukuhamba" phansi.
Njengamanye ama-cephalopods, esimweni sokwethusa, izimbali ze-cuttlefish ziyakwazi ukukhipha inani elikhulu le-ink. Kukholelwa ukuthi uyinki usebenza njengesikrini somusi ukuvumela ama-cuttlefish ukuba acashe kulabo abawasukelayo, kepha ezimweni eziningi engizibonile, izimo lapho iMassasepia ikhipha uyinki yayifana ne- “pseudomorphs” noma uyinki ephindwe kabili lapho isilwane besinethemba lokusiza ukugwema umhlaseli, emnikeza imigomo eminingana.
Lolu cwaningo, okukhulunywe ngalo ochungechungeni lwethelevishini i-NOVA - Amakhosi aseCamouflage futhi olwenziwe nguMark Norman ofunda ama-cephalopods, luzama ukuchaza imibala engajwayelekile, isibindi kanye "nokuhamba" kwe-cuttlefish yezimbali. NgokukaNorman: “Kuyavela ukuthi izimbali ezisikekayo zezimbali zinobuthi. Zibuye zinobuthi, njenge-octopus enezintambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (noma i-octopus enamasongo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). I-octopus enezintambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yabulala abantu, ngakho-ke sibhekene ne-cuttlefish yokuqala ebulalayo. Isimo siyathakazelisa ezicini eziningana. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngenyama enobuthi ngempela, isb. izicubu ngokwazo zinobuthi. Kungokokuqala ukuthi abamele leli qembu lezilwane bakhulume ngenyama ebulalayo. Okwesibili, ubuthi uqobo bungaziwa. Lesi yisigaba sobuthi esihluke ngokuphelele. Ubuthi obunjalo buyisihluthulelo sochungechunge lonke lokutholwa okusha ngokwemithi yokwelashwa komuntu ... Lo ngumphumela omuhle, ngoba uchaza izinqubo ezenzeka endaweni yemvelo. Futhi ubuthi obunjalo, ubuthi, mhlawumbe buchaza ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwesilwane. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi iqembu lezilwane ezivame ukubhukuda noma ukuchitha isikhathi esihle ukuzama ukuzifihla, ziyaqapheleka, ziyeke ukubhukuda bese ziqala "ukuhamba" - lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili ngokuvula umugqa omusha wokuziphendukela kwalezi zilwane. " Kungenzeka ukuthi ukulunywa kanye no-inki we-cuttlefish egelezayo nakho kuqukethe ubuthi, ngakho-ke kufanele uphathe lezi zinyama ngokucophelela, ngoba ucabangisise ngokucophelela kusengaphambili.
Ama-metasepia aqala impilo yawo ngesimo samaqanda amancane kakhulu abekwe emifantweni, ngaphansi kwesihlahlana noma kwesinye isikhathi kufihlwe egobolondweni lukakhukhunathi obelunamanzi. Amaqanda abekwa ngokwahlukana, ububanzi bawo bungama-8 mm. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-cuttlefish, izinsikazi azikhiphi uyinki emaqandeni, ngakho-ke amaqanda abonakala emhlophe noma eshintshile.
Ngakho-ke, akunzima ukubona ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cuttlefish ngaphakathi kweqanda. Ubukhulu be-cuttlefish, lapho bebeleka emaqandeni, bungaba ngu-6 mm ubude, ngaphandle bafana namakhophi amancane ezinto ezindala. Ngisho nakuleli minyaka, bangabadli, abakulungele ukungena kulomhlaba futhi baqale ukuguqula umbala, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-gastropods kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezinhlanzi.
Ikhophi lezinsuku ezi-2 le-Metasepia. Naka uhlamvu lwemali ngaphansi kwethangi nesilwane.
Njengawo wonke ama-cephalopods, ama-Metasepia cuttlefish akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ayakwazi ukufinyelela ngosayizi wabantu abadala cishe ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6 ngemuva kokuqandusela eqandeni amaqanda. Izinsikazi ezinkulu ze-Metasepia zikhulu kunezabesilisa, ubude bawo bejazi lifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-8, kanti ubukhulu bengubo yabesilisa alikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-6, yize kunokungavumelani encazelweni kasayizi walezi zilwane. Njengama-cuttlefish amaningi, iMetasepia mate “inhloko”. Owesilisa ubeka ingxenye yesidoda, esibizwa ngokuthi i-spermatophore, ngokusebenzisa “ingalo” yetende ngesibuko esibizwa ngokuthi i-hectocotyl, endaweni ekhethekile engubeni yensikazi. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, owesilisa usondela ngokushesha, abeke isidoda futhi ashiye ngokushesha, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuhluka okuxakayo osayizi babalingani. I-Metasepia cuttlefish inesikhathi sokuphila isikhathi esingangonyaka, ekugcineni kwempilo yayo ibukeka ingasebenzi, ngoba izilwane zingena esigabeni sokuguga kwemvelo. Ukulawulwa kwe-motility kuba kubi kakhulu, kungabonakala ukulimala esikhunjeni, ngenxa yokuthi kunomuzwa wokuthi i-mepusk ye-cephalopod iyeka ukukhathaza nhlobo, kufaka phakathi ukudla, noma noma ngabe ama-polychaetes noma ama-hermit crabs adla itende lawo.
Umqondo wokugcina ama-cephalopods amaningi I-Wunderpus isithombegenicus, Thaumoctopus mimicus kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili Metasepia spp, yavula ingxoxo enkulu, isikhathi esiningi ngenxa yokuthi usayizi nesimo sesibalo sabantu abasemvelweni yemvelo asaziwa. Ngisho nokuvela kolwazi, izithombe noma amavidiyo alezi zilwane ezithunjiwe kungabonakala njengokuphikisana. Abanye bakhathazeka ngokuthi imininingwane eningiliziwe nezithombe ezihehayo zingakhuthaza abantu abasemanzini abangenalwazi ukuthi bathole futhi bathenge isilwane, futhi bavuse nokugcwala ngokweqile, okungathinta ikhono labantu ukuba balulame endaweni yalo yemvelo. Ngokwami, ngikholwa ukuthi ukunconywa kwalolu hlobo lwendalo kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kulondolozo lwalo emvelweni yemvelo, hhayi ukulimala. Abanikazi be-cephalopod abanolwazi bangasiza futhi baneqhaza elihle ekwandiseni ulwazi lwalezi zilwane. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ukushintshana okuvulekile kwemininingwane kuzovumela abasemanzini ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi nezicabangayo mayelana nezeluleko zokufaneleka kokugcina lezi zilwane. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthathe isinqumo ngokushesha ngokugcinwa kweMetasepia, ngisho nabanikazi abanolwazi bama-cephalopods anamanzi avuthiwe kumele benze isinqumo esizwakalayo mayelana nokusungulwa kwale nhlobo. Ukugcina lezi zilwane kudinga izinsizakusebenza eziningi kakhulu futhi eziqondwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha lesi sinyathelo, thatha isikhathi ubhale zonke izinyathelo nezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuze abanye bafunde esibonelweni sakho, bacabangele amaphutha kanye nezimpumelelo.
Ubunzima obukhulu bokugcina noma iyiphi i-cephalopod ukuthenga. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-cephalopods abekezelela izinto zokuhamba kabi kakhulu, avame ukulethwa efile esikhwameni samanzi anombala wino. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzalwa kwezilwane ukubekezelela ukucindezelwa okuhambisana nokuhamba, noma ngenxa yokuthi namanje akuqondakali ngokuphelele ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo zokuhamba ngempumelelo kwalezi zilwane. Kunoma yikuphi, abangenisa bayacophelela ngoku-oda lezi zilwane ngenxa yamanani aphansi okusinda. Kwezokuhweba nge-aquarium, akukho mehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zeMetasepia, futhi uma unenhlanhla yokuthola ikhophi elilodwa futhi usukulungele ukukhokha kusuka kumadola angama-300 kuye kwangama-800 ngesilwane, awukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezilwane ozitholile. Ngikholwa ukuthi iningi lezilwane ezithengiswayo empeleni zingabamele iMetasepia tullbergi abavela eJapan, lapho bakhulela khona ezindaweni ezisebenza emanzini. I-Metasepia pfefferi, ngokwazi kwami, ayizalwa lapho. Okubi kakhulu nangokuthi kuthengwa lezi zilwane ama-aquarium iqiniso lokuthi iningi lezilwane ezingenisiwe zingabesilisa abadala, okusho ukuthi zizophila kuphela amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuzalela noma ukubeka amaqanda. Eminyakeni engu-7 eyedlule, ngikwazile ukuthola amakhophi ama-3 bukhoma weMetasepia, uma ngike ngashayela ngivela eSan Francisco ngaya eLos Angeles ngabuya ngosuku nginenhloso eyodwa - ukudala izimo ezintofontofo ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngisize isilwane siphile. Yonke le mibukiso emithathu yayingabesilisa abadala futhi baphila izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine.
Ukugcina i-cuttlefish, iMetasepia idinga i-aquarium evuthiwe enamanzi asezingeni elifanele avumelana nendawo yemvelo yasolwandle. Amazinga okushisa kwamanzi kufanele abe ngu-25,5c, usawoti ongu-33.
5-34. 5 ppt, pH 8. 1-8.
I-4, ngenkathi izinga le-ammonia, i-nitrite ne-nitrate kufanele kusondele kakhulu ku-0. Kukholelwa ukuthi kungukubakhona kwe-ammonia okudala izinkinga zama-cephalopods, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ne-“ammonia disk” kuzosiza ukucacisa imvamisa yezinguquko zamanzi.
URichard Ross: I-Metasepia kanye nomlingani womlobi eLembach, Sulivesi.
Kudingeka i-skimmer enhle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthunyelwa komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi zomzimba, kanye nohlobo "lomshuwalense" uma kungatholwa "ikhethini le-ink". Kuhle ukuhlala unamalahle futhi namanzi oxubile afudumele asawoti afakiwe - uma kwenzeka i-inki ivela ohlelweni. Inani elanele lamatshe bukhoma kanye / noma i-macroalgae "ibhonasi eyengeziwe" yokuhlunga nezindawo zokukhosela. Ngisho nesilwane esisodwa, kunconywa ukuhlinzeka indawo engaphansi kwama-intshi angama-36 x 12 (i-aquarium ejwayelekile engama-30-gallon yezilwane ezizaliswayo) ukuze ama-cuttlefish akwazi ukuhamba. Ngincamela ukusebenzisa izingxenyana zezindawo zokufaka udaka ezifana nobumba lwe-siltumba oluvela eCaribbean luhlanganiswe neziqobelo ezingama-4 x 6 inch kunoma imiphi imikhiqizo yediment, kepha selokhu iMasasepia cuttlefish ayinawo umkhuba wokumba umgodi ongaphansi, nesihlabathi esihle nawo kufanelekile. Ukukhanya okujwayelekile kwe-fluorescent kuzoba kwenele iMetasepia, yize kungadinga okuthile okunamandla kakhulu uma ama-macroalgae noma ama-corals angenasisekelo (i-Discosoma, i-Nepthea, i-Xenia, njll) ehlala ndawonye nama-cephalopods ohlelweni. Ukukhanyisa okukhulu kuhamba kahle ngoba lezi zilwane zi-diurnal. Uma kwenzeka, ngizama ukuxhuma izindawo zami zasemanzini nama-cephalopods anezinhlelo ezinkulu zamadwala. Kulesi simo, ngithola amanzi amaningi, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamanzi, ngenkathi kudingeka imishini engaphansi. Njengoba iMetasepia ingaphunyuki ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, njengoba izihlobo zayo zingama-octopus, asikho isidingo se-lid elilingana ngokuqinile futhi akunzima ukuxhuma i-aquarium ohlelweni olukhona. Inketho enhle kakhulu: i-aquarium eyakhelwe ohlelweni olukhulu olungakhishwa noma luxhunywe uma une-cuttlefish Metasepia. Ngincamela ukungagcini izinhlanzi noma enye i-cephalopods ene-Metasepia: noma ngabe i-cuttlefish Metasepia izodla inhlanzi, noma inhlanzi izoqala ngokujaha i-cuttlefish Metasepia. Eqinisweni, lezi zilwane azivamile ukutholakala ekuthengisweni kangangokuba ngingumxhasi wazo noma yiziphi izindlela ezingazinikeza ithuba elingcono lokusinda ... okubuye kusho ukugwema omakhelwane abacasulayo e-aquarium. Izilwane - Izicucu ze-aquarium, ezinjengeminenke, inani elilinganiselwe le-hermit crabs kanye ne-polychaete worms (ama-polychaetes) ngeke zidliwe yi-cuttlefish Metasepia, ngenkathi zizosiza ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium yokudla okusalayo. Uma i-cuttlefish yothuliwe ilethwe isesimweni esihle, ingaqala ukudla ngokushesha, amakhophi amathathu engiwaqedile ukuwaqala ukondla imizuzu nje embalwa ngemuva kokuqala e-aquarium. Kubukeka sengathi iMetasepia cuttlefish idinga ukondliwa okuningi kunenye i-cuttlefish, ngingaphakamisa ukuthi ibondle okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Uma isilwane singakutholi ukudla okwenele, siqala ukuntanta ebusweni bamanzi futhi singakwazi ukungena emanzini ngokuphelele, kubonakala sengathi ukuntuleka kokudla kungahlotshaniswa nokulawulwa okungalungile kokudla. Ngike ngezwa ngamacala lapho imihlana ye-Metasepia cuttlefish, ethola ukudla okunganele, yoma ngaphandle ngoba lesi silwane sasihlala phezu kwamanzi futhi sehluleka ukujula ukujula. Cishe noma iyiphi i-shrimp ebukhoma izodliwa ngesifiso sokudla. Ngiphumelele kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Palaemontes Vulgaris sea shrimp yasolwandle ebandayo neqhwa lasendaweni yasendaweni yaseSan Francisco Bay (Cragnon spp). Qala ngokuphila bese uzivivinya naleyo eqandisiwe, ngoba omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yabanikazi be-Metesepia esanda kungeniswa ezweni ukuthola izilwane ukuze zidle. I-Metasepia cuttlefish ikhombisa ukuthakazelela kancane ukukhopha okubukhoma kunamanye ama-cephalopods, kanti i-krill eqandisiwe ethosiwe ayizange isanakwa ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-8 yemizamo engaphumelelanga, ngokuzalanisa abathunjiwe ngakwazi ukuthola iqembu lezibalo zeMetasepia eSteinhart Aquarium eCalifornia Academy of Sciences .Kanti yize ngeviki lokuqala ama-80% emihlola abulawa kanye nama-90% ngenyanga yokuqala, sisakwazi ukuphatha ukuzalanisa owesilisa munye nabesifazane abaningi, okwathi kamuva kwabeka amaqanda. Amanye amaqanda abekwe asethuthukile, futhi ngesikhathi sokubhala, amakhophi ama-2 e-Metasepia asevele eboshwe, amaqanda amaningi aqhubekayo ukukhula. Lesi yisinyathelo esiya phambili, ngeshwa, sisincane kakhulu, sisendleleni yokugcina nokuzala lezi zilwane ekudingisweni. Ngenza konke okusemandleni ami ukugcina izingane ziphila. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kungitshela ukuthi noma ngabe nezinsizakusebenza ezinjengezindawo ezinkulu zasemanzini, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina abantu abadala be-Metasepia bebanjwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, le mpumelelo encane isho ukuthi likhona ithemba lokutadisha, ukuqonda kanye nokuzalaniswa kwalezi cephalopods ezimangalisa ekudingisweni.
I-Flowery cuttlefish ingesinye sezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu engake ngahlangabezana nazo kuzo zombili imvelo nemvelo yasemanzini. Bayizidlakela ezinhle, ezinamakhono eziholela kwimpilo esebenzayo futhi ziyafa zisencane. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngolunye usuku bazohlatshwa ekudingisweni, ukuze bonke abathandi bama-cephalopods babe nethuba lokuba nesilwane esinjalo. Uma ungathanda ukuthola i-cephalopod, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezivame ukutholakala ngokuthengiswa, imikhuba yazo eyaziwa kakhulu futhi efaneleke kangcono njengama-cephalopods wokuqala kuneMetasepia. Ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yimaphi ama-cephalopods, sicela ubuyekeze imininingwane enikezwe ku-wtTONMO.com.
Akukho Sicela ubike amaqiniso abonakele [email protected]
Izimbali cuttlefish (ezaziwa nangokuthi zidwetshwe, zigqamile noma zishisa ngomlilo) zingenye yezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu engihlangane nazo kuzo zombili imvelo nemvelo yasemanzini. Lezi zilwanyana ezinamaphiko ziyizidlakela ezinhle, ezinamakhono eziholela kwimpilo esebenzayo futhi zife esemncane. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngolunye usuku bazohlatshwa ekudingisweni, ukuze bonke abathandi bama-cephalopods babe nethuba lokuba nesilwane esinjalo. I-Cuttlefish ingabadlali basolwandle. Ahamba emanzini njengabadanisi basolwandle. Amatende abo okubamba abambelela ngokuqinile ngejubane nokunemba okucatshangwa ngabadwebi bempi. Umbala nephethini lalezi zilwane kufana netshe elibushelelezi, kuthi ngemuva komzuzwana bashintshe ukubukeka kwabo, kukhombisa umhlobiso onobukhulu obuthathu, nokunye okufana nesilo esivela ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi. Futhi yize onke ama-cuttlefish enalezi zimpawu, kukhona inhlobo eyodwa lapho lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa khona lapho ezinye i-cuttlefish zimane ziphele uma ziqhathaniswa nayo - lolu hlobo lubizwa kahle ngokuthi yi "Flowery Cuttlefish". I-Metasepia esanda kubhajwa nge-mysid shrimp ngemuva ukuze ifaniswe nosayizi.
Izimbali cuttlefish, Metasepia pfefferi, - isilwane esincane esimangalisayo esitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinodaka. Amathafa amakhulu anjalo angaphansi kwamanzi angenasisekelo nodaka oluxazululiwe ekuqaleni abonakala elahliwe, kepha empeleni zihlala inani elikhulu lezilwane eziyinqaba, ikakhulukazi, amademoni olwandle, izinaliti zolwandle kanye nezindawo ezihlukene zangaphandle. Ifanele ngokuphelele inkampani enjalo eyinqaba, izimbali ze-cuttlefish, njengomthetho, zingamakhosi okufihlakala, zikwazile ukuhlangana ngokuhlangana nendawo engwevu. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokwethuka, imibala eguqulwe ngaphambili yathuthukisa ibe nsomi egqamile, obomvu, ophuzi nokumhlophe. Le mibala icwazimula emzimbeni wesilwane sonke. I-Flamboyant cuttlefish inesibindi ngokumangalisayo, noma isesimweni sokuthuthumela, izogcina insimu yazo yize umbono wombukiso ungaqhubeka isikhathi esithile. Ukudlala okumangazayo okunjalo kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kokuntywila “kokudaka”, kanye nezimbali zokusika izimbali zaba yizinto eziyimpoqo kubathwebuli bezithombe abangaphansi kwamanzi nabasebenza kuma-video, ngaphezu kwalokho, baba yizilwane ezifiselekayo, kodwa ezingafinyeleleki kalula ezilwaneni zasemanzini.
I-Metasepia esanda kubhajwa esihlabathini ibonisa imibala yomuntu omdala.
I- "Flamboyant" egameni lezentengiso iyimfanelo ebonakalayo, kepha i- "cuttlefish" ayicacanga kangako ('cuttle' kanye 'ne-fish'). Imvelaphi yegama elithi 'cuttlefish' noma 'cuttlefish' ("cuttlefish") ayikacaciswa. Ngokusho komcwaningi we-cephalopod, uJohn W. Forsyth, "Igama elithi Cuttlefish (cuttlefish) ekuqaleni livele njengenguqulo yokubiza igama lesiDashi noma lesiNorway ngalezi zilo ezinkulu. Igama lisuselwa ku-'codele-fische 'noma elithi' kodle-fische '. EJalimane, i-cuttlefish kanye ne-squid kuthiwa yi-tintenfische, okusho ukuthi "inhlanzi ye-ink." Ngezwa ukuthi igama elithi 'fische' empeleni lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kunoma yiziphi izidalwa ezihlala olwandle noma ezibanjwe enetheni, hhayi izinhlanzi nje. Kunoma ikuphi, leyo yindlela engangiqonda ngayo umsuka wegama. ”
Adult Metasepia.
Muva nje, kuye kwaba nokuthambekela, okungenani ezindaweni zasemanzini, ukwenza amagama ezilwanyana ngazinye “zilungile” ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka. Isibonelo, noma i-jellyfish (Jellyfish) noma (Starfish) ayizinhlanzi, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi amaJellies kanye ne-Star Stars (i-starfish), ngokulandelana. Mhlawumbe yisikhathi sokubiza ama-cuttlefish 'cutways', ngoba nawo awazona izinhlanzi.
Umcwaningi weCephalopods uDkt James Wood ucacisa ngokufingqiwe ngokucacile: "Ama-Octopus, squid, cuttlefish kanye ne-nautilus yegumbi (isikebhe) angaphansi kwesigaba seCephalopoda, okusho 'ikhanda kuya ezinyaweni'. Isigaba seCephalopoda solohlobo lwe-Mollusca (Mollusks), okubandakanya nemollusks ye-bivalve (ama-scallops, ama-oysters namanye ama-bivalve mollusks), ama-mollusks ama-gastropod (iminenke, ama-slugs, ama-nudibranch mollusks). ama-chitons) "kepha-ke, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo, ama-cephalopods ahamba ngokushesha okukhulu, azingela ngenkuthalo futhi abukeka njengezilwane ezihlakaniphe impela. "
Eqinisweni, i-genus Metasepia imelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili: Metasepia pfefferii-flowtle cuttlefish, nayo evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Pfeffer's cuttlefish, etholakala kusukela ogwini lwe-Indonesia iye eNyakatho Australia nasePapua New Guinea, kanye Metasepia tullbergi, i-cuttlefish etholakala ngopende etholakala isuka eHong Kong iye eningizimu yeJapan. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zincanyana, zinezingubo ezincane amasentimitha angama-6,5 ubude, kuyilapho izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ngokubukeka, kunzima impela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza imvamisa kususelwa ekungafani okuningana ku "Foam olwandle (amathambo)" ezilwane. Abamele iMetasepia, kanye nawo wonke ama-cephalopods, banezinhliziyo ezintathu (izinhliziyo ezimbili ze-branchial noma ze-gill nenhliziyo eyinhloko, epompa igazi kwezinye izitho zomzimba), ubuchopho obumise okwendandatho neblue, eliqukethe igazi. “Zinezingalo” eziyisishiyagalombili ezinemigqa emibili yezindebe zokuphuza ngakunye nokuhlangana okubili okufana ne “batons” emaphethelweni. Amatende okubamba abushelelezi kulo lonke ubude; kuphela endaweni ethokozisayo ye "baton" kukhona izinkomishi zokusika, ezinye zazo zikhulu kakhulu. Amatende aphonswa ngokuqinile phambili, abambe inyamazane futhi alethe "ezandleni". Lapho isisulu sibanjwa “izandla”, lesi silwane sithumela umlomo waso omise okomlomo nolimi-i-radula efana nebhulashi le-wire kuso ukuze sinciphise ubukhulu besisulu sibe esifanele. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinyamazane iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba i-esophagus ye-cuttlefish idlula maphakathi nomqondo wobuchopho besilwane - inyamazane enkulu kakhulu ingalimaza ubuchopho besilwane. Ukushintshwa okubukhali kombala we-flowery cuttlefish kwenziwa yizitho ezikhethekile zesikhumba, ama-chromatophores. Ama-chromatophores alawulwa uhlelo lwezinzwa, futhi yizo ezivumela ama-cuttlefish ukuba aguqule ngokushesha umbala womzimba wawo wonke ngokuvumelanisa kwemisipha ukushintsha inani lemibala. Amaphethini esikhumbeni nawo awawona ama-static, angahamba njengesithombe esinezithombe, kukholelwa ukuthi asiza ekuxhumaneni, ekuzingeleni futhi asetshenziselwa i-camouflage. Isibonelo ingaphezulu lengubo engemuva, lapho imivimbo ebubende uvame ukudonsela ezindaweni ezimhlophe ngombala weMetasepia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kugwenywe izinyamazane noma ukucasha, ukulandela umkhondo ongase ube izisulu, izimbali ezisikayo ezigelezayo ziyakwazi ukushintsha ukwakheka kwesikhumba sazo ngokuqumba amashubhu (i-papillae) etholakala emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuthi zingaguqula ukugeleza komzimba. Amabhubhu amakhulu esigqokweni esiphezulu se-flowtle cuttlefish ahlala engashintshiwe. Izimbali cuttlefish zisebenzisa imodi yezinyathelo ezintathu zokuhamba. Zine-fa ezungeza ingubo futhi evumela ukuthi isilwane sihambe, ngaphezu kwalokho, singasebenzisa "ukunyakaza okusebenzayo" ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa amagebuli kanye nethango, elinikeza ukunyakaza okusheshayo okumangazayo. Okumangazayo futhi ukuthi ama-cuttlefish ahamba ngezimbali avame ukuhamba eceleni kosizo esebenzisa “izingalo” zangaphandle nezimbotshana ezimbili ezingxenyeni engezansi yengubo ngokuthi "yimilenze". Njengoba isipiliyoni sami sibonisa, abakwaCuttlefish Metasepia bakhetha le ndlela yokuhamba bayobhukuda, futhi bashiye umugqa ongaphansi kuphela uma besaba kakhulu noma bekhathazeka kakhulu ngamaqembu abahlukahlukene abazama ngokuqhubekayo ukuzithwebula. Izici ezaziwa kakhulu ngo-cuttlefish “lufuthi lwasolwandle” (noma ithambo elisicaba), elivame ukusetshenziswa ngabaninizilwane ezifuywayo njenge-calcium-equkethe isengezo senkukhu yokuhlobisa. Abakwa-Cuttlefish basebenzise leli “gobolondo” elinamagumbi amaningi liguqulwe, ukuze baguqule ukugcwala, bagcwalise ngokushesha izimbotshana ngogesi, noma bazikhulule kulo. Ngokumangazayo, ngaphandle kokuthi "amagwebu olwandle" iningi le-cuttlefish lilingana nengubo yesilwane, "igwebu lolwandle" elibunjwe ngedayimane le-flowery cuttlefish lincane kakhulu, lincane, futhi lenza kuphela 2/3 kuya ku-¾ wobude bengubo. Usayizi omncane “wegwebu lolwandle” ungakudida ukubhukuda futhi, kungenzeka, yisizathu esenza ukuthi izimbali ze-flowtlefish zikhethe "ukuhamba" phansi.
Njengamanye ama-cephalopods, esimweni sokwethusa, izimbali ze-cuttlefish ziyakwazi ukukhipha inani elikhulu le-ink. Kukholelwa ukuthi uyinki usebenza njengesikrini somusi ukuvumela ama-cuttlefish ukuba acashe kulabo abawasukelayo, kepha ezimweni eziningi engizibonile, izimo lapho iMassasepia ikhipha uyinki yayifana ne- “pseudomorphs” noma uyinki ephindwe kabili lapho isilwane besinethemba lokusiza ukugwema umhlaseli, emnikeza imigomo eminingana.
Lolu cwaningo, okukhulunywe ngalo ochungechungeni lwethelevishini i-NOVA - Amakhosi aseCamouflage futhi olwenziwe nguMark Norman ofunda ama-cephalopods, luzama ukuchaza imibala engajwayelekile, isibindi kanye "nokuhamba" kwe-cuttlefish yezimbali. NgokukaNorman: “Kuyavela ukuthi izimbali ezisikekayo zezimbali zinobuthi. Zibuye zinobuthi, njenge-octopus enezintambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (noma i-octopus enamasongo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). I-octopus enezintambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yabulala abantu, ngakho-ke sibhekene ne-cuttlefish yokuqala ebulalayo. Isimo siyathakazelisa ezicini eziningana. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngenyama enobuthi ngempela, isb. izicubu ngokwazo zinobuthi. Kungokokuqala ukuthi abamele leli qembu lezilwane bakhulume ngenyama ebulalayo. Okwesibili, ubuthi uqobo bungaziwa. Lesi yisigaba sobuthi esihluke ngokuphelele. Ubuthi obunjalo buyisihluthulelo sochungechunge lonke lokutholwa okusha ngokwemithi yokwelashwa komuntu ... Lo ngumphumela omuhle, ngoba uchaza izinqubo ezenzeka endaweni yemvelo. Futhi ubuthi obunjalo, ubuthi, mhlawumbe buchaza ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwesilwane. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi iqembu lezilwane ezivame ukubhukuda noma ukuchitha isikhathi esihle ukuzama ukuzifihla, ziyaqapheleka, ziyeke ukubhukuda bese ziqala "ukuhamba" - lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili ngokuvula umugqa omusha wokuziphendukela kwalezi zilwane. " Kungenzeka ukuthi ukulunywa kanye no-inki we-cuttlefish egelezayo nakho kuqukethe ubuthi, ngakho-ke kufanele uphathe lezi zinyama ngokucophelela, ngoba ucabangisise ngokucophelela kusengaphambili.
Ama-metasepia aqala impilo yawo ngesimo samaqanda amancane kakhulu abekwe emifantweni, ngaphansi kwesihlahlana noma kwesinye isikhathi kufihlwe egobolondweni lukakhukhunathi obelunamanzi. Amaqanda abekwa ngokwahlukana, ububanzi bawo bungama-8 mm. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-cuttlefish, izinsikazi azikhiphi uyinki emaqandeni, ngakho-ke amaqanda abonakala emhlophe noma eshintshile.
Ngakho-ke, akunzima ukubona ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cuttlefish ngaphakathi kweqanda. Ubukhulu be-cuttlefish, lapho bebeleka emaqandeni, bungaba ngu-6 mm ubude, ngaphandle bafana namakhophi amancane ezinto ezindala. Ngisho nakuleli minyaka, bangabadli, abakulungele ukungena kulomhlaba futhi baqale ukuguqula umbala, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-gastropods kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezinhlanzi.
Ikhophi lezinsuku ezi-2 le-Metasepia. Naka uhlamvu lwemali ngaphansi kwethangi nesilwane.
Njengawo wonke ama-cephalopods, ama-Metasepia cuttlefish akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ayakwazi ukufinyelela ngosayizi wabantu abadala cishe ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6 ngemuva kokuqandusela eqandeni amaqanda. Izinsikazi ezinkulu ze-Metasepia zikhulu kunezabesilisa, ubude bawo bejazi lifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-8, kanti ubukhulu bengubo yabesilisa alikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-6, yize kunokungavumelani encazelweni kasayizi walezi zilwane. Njengama-cuttlefish amaningi, iMetasepia mate “inhloko”. Owesilisa ubeka ingxenye yesidoda, esibizwa ngokuthi i-spermatophore, ngokusebenzisa “ingalo” yetende ngesibuko esibizwa ngokuthi i-hectocotyl, endaweni ekhethekile engubeni yensikazi. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, owesilisa usondela ngokushesha, abeke isidoda futhi ashiye ngokushesha, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuhluka okuxakayo osayizi babalingani. I-Metasepia cuttlefish inesikhathi sokuphila isikhathi esingangonyaka, ekugcineni kwempilo yayo ibukeka ingasebenzi, ngoba izilwane zingena esigabeni sokuguga kwemvelo. Ukulawulwa kwe-motility kuba kubi kakhulu, kungabonakala ukulimala esikhunjeni, ngenxa yokuthi kunomuzwa wokuthi i-mepusk ye-cephalopod iyeka ukukhathaza nhlobo, kufaka phakathi ukudla, noma noma ngabe ama-polychaetes noma ama-hermit crabs adla itende lawo.
Umqondo wokugcina ama-cephalopods amaningi I-Wunderpus isithombegenicus, Thaumoctopus mimicus kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili Metasepia spp, yavula ingxoxo enkulu, isikhathi esiningi ngenxa yokuthi usayizi nesimo sesibalo sabantu abasemvelweni yemvelo asaziwa. Ngisho nokuvela kolwazi, izithombe noma amavidiyo alezi zilwane ezithunjiwe kungabonakala njengokuphikisana. Abanye bakhathazeka ngokuthi imininingwane eningiliziwe nezithombe ezihehayo zingakhuthaza abantu abasemanzini abangenalwazi ukuthi bathole futhi bathenge isilwane, futhi bavuse nokugcwala ngokweqile, okungathinta ikhono labantu ukuba balulame endaweni yalo yemvelo. Ngokwami, ngikholwa ukuthi ukunconywa kwalolu hlobo lwendalo kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kulondolozo lwalo emvelweni yemvelo, hhayi ukulimala. Abanikazi be-cephalopod abanolwazi bangasiza futhi baneqhaza elihle ekwandiseni ulwazi lwalezi zilwane. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ukushintshana okuvulekile kwemininingwane kuzovumela abasemanzini ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi nezicabangayo mayelana nezeluleko zokufaneleka kokugcina lezi zilwane. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthathe isinqumo ngokushesha ngokugcinwa kweMetasepia, ngisho nabanikazi abanolwazi bama-cephalopods anamanzi avuthiwe kumele benze isinqumo esizwakalayo mayelana nokusungulwa kwale nhlobo. Ukugcina lezi zilwane kudinga izinsizakusebenza eziningi kakhulu futhi eziqondwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha lesi sinyathelo, thatha isikhathi ubhale zonke izinyathelo nezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuze abanye bafunde esibonelweni sakho, bacabangele amaphutha kanye nezimpumelelo.
Ubunzima obukhulu bokugcina noma iyiphi i-cephalopod ukuthenga. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-cephalopods abekezelela izinto zokuhamba kabi kakhulu, avame ukulethwa efile esikhwameni samanzi anombala wino. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzalwa kwezilwane ukubekezelela ukucindezelwa okuhambisana nokuhamba, noma ngenxa yokuthi namanje akuqondakali ngokuphelele ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo zokuhamba ngempumelelo kwalezi zilwane. Kunoma yikuphi, abangenisa bayacophelela ngoku-oda lezi zilwane ngenxa yamanani aphansi okusinda. Kwezokuhweba nge-aquarium, akukho mehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zeMetasepia, futhi uma unenhlanhla yokuthola ikhophi elilodwa futhi usukulungele ukukhokha kusuka kumadola angama-300 kuye kwangama-800 ngesilwane, awukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezilwane ozitholile. Ngikholwa ukuthi iningi lezilwane ezithengiswayo empeleni zingabamele iMetasepia tullbergi abavela eJapan, lapho bakhulela khona ezindaweni ezisebenza emanzini. I-Metasepia pfefferi, ngokwazi kwami, ayizalwa lapho. Okubi kakhulu nangokuthi kuthengwa lezi zilwane ama-aquarium iqiniso lokuthi iningi lezilwane ezingenisiwe zingabesilisa abadala, okusho ukuthi zizophila kuphela amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuzalela noma ukubeka amaqanda. Eminyakeni engu-7 eyedlule, ngikwazile ukuthola amakhophi ama-3 bukhoma weMetasepia, uma ngike ngashayela ngivela eSan Francisco ngaya eLos Angeles ngabuya ngosuku nginenhloso eyodwa - ukudala izimo ezintofontofo ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngisize isilwane siphile. Yonke le mibukiso emithathu yayingabesilisa abadala futhi baphila izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine.
Ukugcina i-cuttlefish, iMetasepia idinga i-aquarium evuthiwe enamanzi asezingeni elifanele avumelana nendawo yemvelo yasolwandle. Amazinga okushisa kwamanzi kufanele abe ngu-25,5c, usawoti ongu-33.
5-34. 5 ppt, pH 8. 1-8.
I-4, ngenkathi izinga le-ammonia, i-nitrite ne-nitrate kufanele kusondele kakhulu ku-0. Kukholelwa ukuthi kungukubakhona kwe-ammonia okudala izinkinga zama-cephalopods, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ne-“ammonia disk” kuzosiza ukucacisa imvamisa yezinguquko zamanzi.
URichard Ross: I-Metasepia kanye nomlingani womlobi eLembach, Sulivesi.
Kudingeka i-skimmer enhle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthunyelwa komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi zomzimba, kanye nohlobo "lomshuwalense" uma kungatholwa "ikhethini le-ink". Kuhle ukuhlala unamalahle futhi namanzi oxubile afudumele asawoti afakiwe - uma kwenzeka i-inki ivela ohlelweni. Inani elanele lamatshe bukhoma kanye / noma i-macroalgae "ibhonasi eyengeziwe" yokuhlunga nezindawo zokukhosela. Ngisho nesilwane esisodwa, kunconywa ukuhlinzeka indawo engaphansi kwama-intshi angama-36 x 12 (i-aquarium ejwayelekile engama-30-gallon yezilwane ezizaliswayo) ukuze ama-cuttlefish akwazi ukuhamba. Ngincamela ukusebenzisa izingxenyana zezindawo zokufaka udaka ezifana nobumba lwe-siltumba oluvela eCaribbean luhlanganiswe neziqobelo ezingama-4 x 6 inch kunoma imiphi imikhiqizo yediment, kepha selokhu iMasasepia cuttlefish ayinawo umkhuba wokumba umgodi ongaphansi, nesihlabathi esihle nawo kufanelekile. Ukukhanya okujwayelekile kwe-fluorescent kuzoba kwenele iMetasepia, yize kungadinga okuthile okunamandla kakhulu uma ama-macroalgae noma ama-corals angenasisekelo (i-Discosoma, i-Nepthea, i-Xenia, njll) ehlala ndawonye nama-cephalopods ohlelweni. Ukukhanyisa okukhulu kuhamba kahle ngoba lezi zilwane zi-diurnal. Uma kwenzeka, ngizama ukuxhuma izindawo zami zasemanzini nama-cephalopods anezinhlelo ezinkulu zamadwala. Kulesi simo, ngithola amanzi amaningi, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamanzi, ngenkathi kudingeka imishini engaphansi. Njengoba iMetasepia ingaphunyuki ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, njengoba izihlobo zayo zingama-octopus, asikho isidingo se-lid elilingana ngokuqinile futhi akunzima ukuxhuma i-aquarium ohlelweni olukhona. Inketho enhle kakhulu: i-aquarium eyakhelwe ohlelweni olukhulu olungakhishwa noma luxhunywe uma une-cuttlefish Metasepia. Ngincamela ukungagcini izinhlanzi noma enye i-cephalopods ene-Metasepia: noma ngabe i-cuttlefish Metasepia izodla inhlanzi, noma inhlanzi izoqala ngokujaha i-cuttlefish Metasepia. Eqinisweni, lezi zilwane azivamile ukutholakala ekuthengisweni kangangokuba ngingumxhasi wazo noma yiziphi izindlela ezingazinikeza ithuba elingcono lokusinda ... okubuye kusho ukugwema omakhelwane abacasulayo e-aquarium.Izilwane - Izicucu ze-aquarium, ezinjengeminenke, inani elilinganiselwe le-hermit crabs kanye ne-polychaete worms (ama-polychaetes) ngeke zidliwe yi-cuttlefish Metasepia, ngenkathi zizosiza ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium yokudla okusalayo. Uma i-cuttlefish yothuliwe ilethwe isesimweni esihle, ingaqala ukudla ngokushesha, amakhophi amathathu engiwaqedile ukuwaqala ukondla imizuzu nje embalwa ngemuva kokuqala e-aquarium. Kubukeka sengathi iMetasepia cuttlefish idinga ukondliwa okuningi kunenye i-cuttlefish, ngingaphakamisa ukuthi ibondle okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Uma isilwane singakutholi ukudla okwenele, siqala ukuntanta ebusweni bamanzi futhi singakwazi ukungena emanzini ngokuphelele, kubonakala sengathi ukuntuleka kokudla kungahlotshaniswa nokulawulwa okungalungile kokudla. Ngike ngezwa ngamacala lapho imihlana ye-Metasepia cuttlefish, ethola ukudla okunganele, yoma ngaphandle ngoba lesi silwane sasihlala phezu kwamanzi futhi sehluleka ukujula ukujula. Cishe noma iyiphi i-shrimp ebukhoma izodliwa ngesifiso sokudla. Ngiphumelele kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Palaemontes Vulgaris sea shrimp yasolwandle ebandayo neqhwa lasendaweni yasendaweni yaseSan Francisco Bay (Cragnon spp). Qala ngokuphila bese uzivivinya naleyo eqandisiwe, ngoba omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yabanikazi be-Metesepia esanda kungeniswa ezweni ukuthola izilwane ukuze zidle. I-Metasepia cuttlefish ikhombisa ukuthakazelela kancane ukukhopha okubukhoma kunamanye ama-cephalopods, kanti i-krill eqandisiwe ethosiwe ayizange isanakwa ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-8 yemizamo engaphumelelanga, ngokuzalanisa abathunjiwe ngakwazi ukuthola iqembu lezibalo zeMetasepia eSteinhart Aquarium eCalifornia Academy of Sciences .Kanti yize ngeviki lokuqala ama-80% emihlola abulawa kanye nama-90% ngenyanga yokuqala, sisakwazi ukuphatha ukuzalanisa owesilisa munye nabesifazane abaningi, okwathi kamuva kwabeka amaqanda. Amanye amaqanda abekwe asethuthukile, futhi ngesikhathi sokubhala, amakhophi ama-2 e-Metasepia asevele eboshwe, amaqanda amaningi aqhubekayo ukukhula. Lesi yisinyathelo esiya phambili, ngeshwa, sisincane kakhulu, sisendleleni yokugcina nokuzala lezi zilwane ekudingisweni. Ngenza konke okusemandleni ami ukugcina izingane ziphila. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kungitshela ukuthi noma ngabe nezinsizakusebenza ezinjengezindawo ezinkulu zasemanzini, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina abantu abadala be-Metasepia bebanjwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, le mpumelelo encane isho ukuthi likhona ithemba lokutadisha, ukuqonda kanye nokuzalaniswa kwalezi cephalopods ezimangalisa ekudingisweni.