Esikhathini esithile esidlule, indaba ephathelene nokuhlasela kwezicabucabu endlini yezakhamuzi zaseMissouri (USA) yenza umsindo omkhulu. Umakhelwane ongathandeki wayeyisicabucabu sombala onsundu - isidalwa esidlayo futhi esibulalayo. Yiziphi izimo ezandulela ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezincane ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ezazihlala ziyimfihlakalo, kepha wayinqoba le mpi ngokuxosha umuntu ekhaya lakhe. Sizokutshela kabanzi ngokuthi ungamthola kanjani umuntu omele ubuthi be-arachnids nokuthi yini esongela umhlangano naye.
Kungani enza umsebenzi omkhulu?
Ubizwa ngokuthi ngumeluleki ngesifiso sakhe sokuba yedwa nokuphila ebusuku. Ngeke ubone ama-cobwebs alo ophahleni noma phakathi kwezitshalo. Wakha isidleke ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ngasese, uthanda ukuthi kube mnyama futhi komile. Lezi yizicabucabu ezingashadile ezingaphila ngamaqembu, kepha ungazidingi nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akaxhunyiwe kuPutin wakhe, ehamba efuna inyamazane, uya kude nesidleke.
Izici ezihlukile ze- "portrait"
Isicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu kulula ukusibona ngokubonakala kwaso, yize esithombeni sifana nomuntu osishubile ngezindlela ezithile - siyisidalwa esingenangozi futhi esinamahloni.
I-Arthropod inombala onsundu onsundu noma omnyama, icishe ifane kwi-cephalothorax, isisu, imilenze. Isici esahlukile umdwebo ongaphandle kwe-cephalothorax, ofana ne-violin. Isicabucabu sinemilenze emide, ehlukaniswe kabanzi. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimfishane.
Kunezici eziningi ezimbalwa ezihlukanisa isicabucabu se-brown hermit kusuka ku-arachnid oda eminingi.
- Ngaphezu kwephethini ebonakalayo, unamabili ama-3 wamehlo, hhayi ama-4, njengezinye izihlobo.
- Uma ubhekisisa, amabala akhanyayo ayabonakala emilenzeni ekuhlanganeni.
- Iwebhu yakhe iyindidane, inamathele, imhlophe ngombala, ayinayo iphethini ejwayelekile yemisebe.
- Uma i-hermit iphazamisekile, ngokwemvelo ithatha indawo eyisongelayo - iphumula emilenzeni yangemuva, umphambili - ukuhambisa, isibili (pedipalps) - ukukhuphuka.
Kutholakala kuphi?
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nesiko lendabuko le-brown hermit spider yizifunda ezisempumalanga ye-United States, ukusuka lapha ithuthelwa eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Kunobufakazi bokuthi iLoxosceles reclusa ingeniswe e-Australia. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu lendawo yokuhlala, izifunda ezifanele yiMedithera, indawo engaseningizimu ne-Eurasia. Ngenhlanhla, i-arthropod eyingozi ayikaze ibonwe lapha.
Ungazingela kanjani?
I-hermit incane ngosayizi, ayifaki amanetha okuzingela, ngakho isebenzisa okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuzingela - ibulala isisulu ngosizo lobuthi. Uhamba ayofuna inyamazane ebusuku. Ukuthola isinambuzane noma esinye isicabucabu, sihlasela futhi silimaze ngokushesha ubuthi, sinikeze amandla isisulu. Ukufa kwenzeka ngaso leso sikhathi, ngoba ubuthi bayo bungezinye zezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu, uhlobo lwayo engaqondakali ngokuphelele.
Qaphela! Ubuthi besicabucabu i-Loxosceles reclusa busobala futhi buyabonakala. Inama-enzyme ayingozi ukuthi, ukungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba, uchithe izibopho zamaselula, uqalise inqubo yokufa kwezicubu ezithambile, futhi ubangele ukuvuvukala okuningi.
Umjikelezo wempilo
Izicabucabu ezi-brown ezivela kuhlobo lwe-Loxosceles zingezikhulu zamakhulu eminyaka. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-4; ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila ziphila iminyaka eyi-6. Insikazi, ngaphambi kokuzalela amaqanda, ifaka ukhukhunathi obukhulu. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch ngama-40-50 ama-pcs. Inzalo yesicabucabu esizayo ivikela ngokweqiniso, cishe ngaphandle kokushiya esidlekeni, kuze kube kuvela izicabucabu ezincane. Kuze kufinyelele ifomu elivuthiwe, amancanyana asebekhulile aze afike ku-8, aphonsa umucu obumbene we-chitinous.
Amathuba okuhlangana nomuntu
Hhayi umuntu kuphela olawula imvelo, kepha abafowethu abancanyana bazivumelanise nokuzwana nentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, isicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu ngentokozo sikhuphukela egumbini elomile, elifudumele futhi elingcono kakhulu, elilahliwe. Izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nazo i-arthropod eyingozi yizingca, amakamelo, izindlu zasehlobo ezingenamuntu, izindlu ezingaphansi, kanye nezinkuni. Ingena ezindlini ngamafasitela avulekile, iminyango. Lapha, ukucasha emehlweni omuntu ngemuva kwamabhethri, ukweqa ngamabhodi, imidwebo, phakathi kodonga nefenisha eyathutha ngokuqinile.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Arthropod, lapho izwa usongo - ichotshoziwe, yangeniswa. Ibonisa ulaka, uma ubhubhisa isidleke, bahlasela ngokungazelele indawo yokukhosela.
Qaphela! E-United States, ukulunywa kwalesi spider akuyona into evamile. Kusuka kubameli be-genus Loxosceles reclusa, abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-7 bahlupheka minyaka yonke. Ingxenye yesithathu yazo, ukuluma kuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezingezinhle, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.
Imiphumela yokuluma
Labo abangenakuzithoba bachaza ukulunywa kwesicabucabu se-hermit njengomjovo obukhali ongazelelwe, nobuhlungu obudlula ngokushesha. Ngemizwa yokuqala, kulula ukuyidida ngokuluma komiyane. Kuyaqabukela, lapho isisulu sifuna usizo ngokushesha, ngoba imiphumela yenzeka kuphela ngemuva kwamahora angama-6-8. Iziphi izimpawu ezibonakala?
- Ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kobuhlungu, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ukuluma kuqala ukubhekana nobuhlungu obukhulu.
- Indawo yomonakalo iyavuvukala, iphenduke ibomvu, ibe isishisayo.
- Kancane kancane, ubomvu nokuvuvukala kuyaqina, kusakazeka - kungaphansi kwethonya lobuthi i-lesion likhula.
- Ikhanda liqala ukulimala, ubuthakathaka, ukuvela kwenhliziyo kuqubuka, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka - izimpawu zokudakwa.
- Ukuqhuma kuqhume endaweni yezikhonkwane zesikhumba, bese ziqhuma, zenze isilonda.
Kukulesi sigaba lapho izisulu, njengomthetho, zifuna usizo lodokotela. Uma ubambezelekile, kungenzeka i-necrosis yendawo (ukufa) yenzeke. Indawo elulwayo ishintsha kakhulu, iphenduka isilonda, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Qaphela! I-Necrosis isilonda esinamandla, esibi esibi ngaphandle lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya lobuthi, inyama empeleni iyabuna. Ngokuqondile, ubuthi buvusa ukutheleleka kwesibili, ukuvuvukala okuningi okukhubaza izinhlelo ezibalulekile zomzimba. Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ezinje ngemuva kokulunywa yisicabucabu se-hermit kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-3. Isilonda esibonakalayo sihlala endaweni yomonakalo.
Ngokusho kodokotela, lobu buthi buqine kakhulu kangangokuba ukufa akwenzeki kuphela ngenxa yedosi elincane lobuthi. Kepha uma ungena emzimbeni womuntu ongahambi kahle, wengane, ongumuntu onesifo sokuzivikela komzimba obuthakathaka, umphumela awulindelekile.
Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo
- Isilonda kufanele sihlanzwe ngensipho ngamanzi abandayo, sibulawe amagciwane nge-antiseptic.
- Zama ukusula ubuthi kusuka ekuvutheni kwesikhumba.
- Ukuze unciphise ukusakazwa kobuthi, faka iqhwa kokulunywa ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ngaphezulu kwendawo ethintekile, kunconywa ukufaka i-bandage eliqinile noma i-tourniquet.
- Ungaphuza i-antibiotic, uphuze umuthi olwa ne-allergic.
Lezi ngezinye nje zezinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezingakhanseli ukuvakasha kudokotela. Okungenani ukuphepha.
Habitat
Izicabucabu zeHermit zingabahlali bezindawo ezifudumele kuma-Old and New Worlds, yize lo mqondo uhambelana. Izindawo ezihlalwa ngamalungu ohlobo lwe-Loxosceles zifaka izifundazwe ezinesimo sezulu sezulu sezwekazi. Iziqalo ezisebangeni lezicabucabu ze-brown hermit zingafinyelela ku-38 ° C.
ILoxosceles Reclusa yethulwa ngabantu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kanye naseNingizimu Melika. Ngakho-ke, namuhla abamele le nhlobo bangatholakala emazwenikazi amathathu.
Ezimweni zemvelo, izicabucabu zifihla ngaphansi kwamatshe nezibambo. Kepha ezindaweni, zingena ezindlini zomuntu, lapho zakha izidleke emakamelweni angaphansi. Ungahlangana nesicabucabu se-hermit ngisho embhedeni ngaphansi komcamelo uma sikhasa lapho. Isicabucabu esinsundu iLoxosceles reclusa singaluma kuphela umuntu ukuze sizivikele, uma uzama ukumbamba noma ukumbhoboza.
Ukubukeka
Shayela uLoxosceles reclusa isicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni asisebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma siqhathanisa ne-tarantula. Ubude bomzimba bezicabucabu ze-brown hermit abahlala ezifundeni ezifudumele zase-United States buyi-7-12 mm. Paw ubude bufika ku-20 mm. Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni sesicabucabu se-hermit, engxenyeni engenhla ye-cephalothorax unephethini elithile elifana ne-violin. Ngenxa yalomdwebo, ama-arthropods athole elinye igama lawo: i-violin spider. Kodwa isithombe asikwazi ukusebenza njengophawu oluthembekile lokubonisa lolu hlobo lwama-arthropods, ngoba lutholakala nakwabamele eminye imindeni nohlobo. Futhi kwamanye amakhambi awekho iphethini le- “violin”.
Isicabucabu esi-brown hermit
Kwi-genus Loxosceles, kunamabili amathathu kuphela wamehlo, esikhundleni se- "put" 4. Amehlo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-2 kwabathathu kulelo nalelo. IChelicerae incane futhi ibuthakathaka. Iningi labamele alikwazi ngisho nokuluma ngesikhumba somuntu. Amapayipi mide impela, kepha hhayi aphazamisane nomsebenzi osebenzayo, inani lemilenze liyi-8, okujwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu.
Umbala ungahluka ngisho naphakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo futhi kuya ngendawo ezungezile. Umbala uyenzeka:
Ngisho nabantu abaluhlaza obumnyama bakhona.
Isicabucabu esinsundu esinemilenze emide siyizinhlobo ze-hermit zaseChile.
Ngobuthi bayo, iChilean ngandlela-thile ingaphansi komuntu onsundu. Emalungeni amaningi, umhumushi waseChile wasolwa ngokungafanele, njengoba esinye isicabucabu noma inambuzane kubukeka sengathi "yimbangela". Kepha kunezinsolo zokuthi ukulunywa yi "Chilean" kuholela ekufeni kumacala amathathu kwabayi-10.
Phakathi kwamakhambi "aseMelika" kunesicabucabu esibomvu (i-loxosceles rufescens) esihlala eHawaii. Iphinde ibe ngaphansi kobungozi kuma-brown.
Ngubani owathola isicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu?
Umlando wokutholwa kwalesi sicabucabu umfushane kakhulu ngakho-ke kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokuthi kwatholakala kanjani. Incazelo yemvelo yezinhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi yiLoxosceles reclusa yatholakala ngonyaka ka-1940. Ukutholakala kohlobo olusha lwe-hermit kwanikezwa ososayensi ababili UWillis John Gerch futhi UStanley Mulayku.
UWillis John Gerch ngudokotela wamathambo waseMelika waseMontpelier, eVermont. Ungumnikazi wokutholwa kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zezicabucabu, izibali kanye namanye ama-arachnids, kufaka phakathi nesicabucabu esinsundu.
UStanley Mulike yisazi se-zoologist, odabuka ePittsburgh, ePennsylvania, e-USA. UStanley unezimpande zaseLithuania kwathi ngo-1939 wasebenza njengomfundisi. Ngemuva kwalokho waqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe yokucwaninga njengomfundi othweswe iziqu e-University of Utah (USA).
IMedithera
E-Russia, ama-hermits aqhamuka njengoba alethelwa nezithelo ezivela emazweni afudumele, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zaseMedithera i-Loxosceles rufescens. I-hermit yaseMedithera itholakala ezifundeni ezifudumele zaseRussia, futhi ibuye yazinza emhlabeni wonke ngosizo lwabantu. I-Arthropod encane. Inombala onsundu obomvu. Kwesinye isikhathi umbala walolu hlobo walezi zinhlobo ungaba nsundu. Ubuthi abuqinisekisiwe.
Isicabucabu esi-brown hermit
Isicabucabu se-brown hermit kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi olunye uhlobo lwenhlobo yohlobo lweCoelotes oluvela emndenini we-funnel
Izinhlobo eziyi-190 zohlobo lweCoelotes zisatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kepha ukulunywa kwazo akubeki ingozi kubantu. I-Arthropods icasha ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo, futhi kunzima ukuthi umuntu awele nazo ngaphandle kokuthi ubambe isilwane ngqo.
Incazelo yemvelo
Izicabucabu ze-brown hermit zivame ukuba nobude bamamilimitha ayi-6 kuye kwangama-20 (0.24 no-0.79 inches), kepha kungenzeka zibe nobukhulu obukhulu. Umbala wesicabucabu uvame ukuba nombala onsundu okhanyayo, kepha iphalethi yemibala ingahluka. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe ube nsundu omnyama noma ompunga, omhlophe kanye ne-cephalothorax nesisu hhayi umbala ofanayo. Ngasemuva kwe-cephalothorax kuvame ukuba nophawu olwehlukanisa ukubukeka olufana ne-violin. Umaki ku-cephalothorax umaki owodwa kuphela walolu hlobo, kepha lolu phawu lutholakala nakwezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu. Isici esivelisayo salezi zinhlobo 3 ngamehlo, hhayi 4 njengabanye abamele.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona emfanekisweni ongenhla, iqhubu elilodwa lamehlo litholakala maphakathi, kuthi amabili alandelana. Lesi sakhiwo sombono sinezicabucabu ezimbalwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, amehlo ayisici esiyingqayizivele se-hermit. Isisu simbozwe izinwele ezimfishane. Uma ubheka ngaphandle kokukhulisa, kufana nokude.
Indlela yokuphila yeHermit
Isicabucabu esinsundu sikhetha ukuhlala emakhoneni ngasese lapho sifaka khona iwebhu engcolile yokubamba izinambuzane ezincane. Kepha ukhetha ukuzingela okusebenzayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvame ukutholakala emakhaya abantu. Abesilisa bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi bezingela, beshiya iwebhu. Izinsikazi zithanda ukuzingela eduze kwesidleke. Phila impilo yasesikhathini.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi siyiminyaka engu-1.5-2. Umbhede onsundu uhlala iminyaka eyi-7.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala kwesicabucabu se-brown hermit iwela kuphela endaweni yase-United States of America. Uhla lokuhlala luqala cishe ukusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNebraska, futhi luhlala ezifundeni zase-Iowa, e-Illinois, e-Indiana futhi luphela nengxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ohio. ENingizimu Melika, ububanzi buqala ukusuka eTexas kuye enyakatho yeVirginia. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo ibuye iseziQhingini zaseHawaii, lapho le nhlobo ihlala khona yonke indawo.
Ukuthi iningi labantu lisendaweni engasempumalanga ye-USA akusho ukuthi le nhlobo ayikho ngokuphelele engxenyeni esentshonalanga. Ngokuvamile, kulo lonke elase-United States of America, kuye kwalotshwa izindaba eziningi zokulimala kwalolu hlobo. Kuyiqiniso, ama-70% ukuluma kutholakala ngokungafanele, ngoba ongoti abangafaneleki kungenzeka, futhi mhlawumbe bamane bavuselelwa, ngoba lowo muntu I-Titiotus okuvame ukudidaniswa nesicabucabu se-brown hermit akunangozi.
Kepha noma kunjalo, ukufuduka kweLoxosceles reclusa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi isicabucabu esinsundu sivumelane kahle nokuphila endaweni yomuntu. Imvamisa, i-hermit ihamba phakathi kwezifundazwe ngisho namazwekazi angokwabantu noma ngokuthuthwa kwezinto nempahla. Ukwenza isibonelo, ngonyaka ka-2014, umbiko ovela eThailand uveze ukuthi umuntu ushonile ngemuva kokulunywa yisicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu. Indawo yokuhlala kwesicabucabu ngenxa yamacala atholakele wokutholwa ayishintshi, ngoba iLoxosceles reclusa kwenye indawo ayiqali futhi ezimweni eziningi iyafa. Ngakho-ke eRussia bekukhona amacala aziwayo okulunywa kwe-hermit brown, kepha lezi kwakuyizimo ezingafani nalokhu lapho isicabucabu siphunyuka emaqoqweni angasese.
Ukuzala
Ama-Arthropods ohlobo lwe-Loxosceles azala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ezinyangeni ezi-2-3, insikazi yenza ama-cocoon ambalwa ngamaqanda ama-5 ngakunye. Uzibeka kuwebhu yakhe. Ukuba khona kwama-cocoons ngamaqanda yisizathu esenza ukuthi owesimame angaluma ngokwakhe.
Izicabucabu ziyadonsa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Ukukhula okusha kufinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba kuphela emva konyaka wokuphila.
Ama-hermits ama-brown angaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla izinyanga eziyisithupha. Elebhu, ikhophi yalolu hlobo yahlala iminyaka emi-5.
Ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba, ososayensi bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokwanda kwebanga leLoxosceles Reclusa. Kepha izicabucabu zalezi zinhlobo azisebenzisi ama-cobwebs ukuhlala emoyeni ngaphezu kwamabanga amade. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba usongelwa kuphela usizi olukhulayo lwezicabucabu endaweni yabo yangempela.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Ngokuqondene nendlela yokuphila, lo ngumzingeli okhetha izinambuzane nezinye izicabucabu ezincane. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isicabucabu se-brown hermit sivumelaniswa kahle nokuphila endaweni yomuntu. Ingatholakala ngaphansi kwamatshe namagatsha esihlahla owomile. Ngekhaya layo, i-Loxosceles reclusa ithanda izindawo ezomile nezifudumele, ngakho-ke kungatholakala kaningi egalaji, ezansi naphansi. Amabhokisi amakhadibhodi yindawo ekhetheke kunazo zonke, mhlawumbe yingoba iyafana negxolo lesihlahla esidala. Izingela kuphela ebusuku, futhi ayiziphathi njengabanye abamele. Okusho ukuthi, akahlali kuwebhu yakhe alinde isisulu, kodwa aqhubeke nokuzingela. Lokhu kuziphatha kubukeka kakhulu kwabesilisa, ngoba izinsikazi ziyahamba zizingela, kepha musa ukuhambela kude kuwebhu.
Ngokuqondene nomjikelezo wempilo nokuzala, khona-ke yonke into icacile. Isilinganiso sobomi besikhathi ses spider esinsundu sisukela onyakeni owodwa nengxenye kuya eminyakeni emibili. Isikhathi sokuzala sihlala ikakhulu ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Isigcawu esisodwa sowesifazane sakha ukhukhunathi 2 kuya ku-3 ngamaqanda cishe ngamamilimitha ayi-8. Ukhukhunathi ngamunye uqukethe amaqanda angama-40-50 nesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa okungaba amasonto amathathu. Imvamisa isicabucabu esinsundu sofihla ukhukhunathi ezindaweni ezisithekile kakhulu.
Ukulunywa yisicabucabu
Ukulunywa kwesicabucabu esinsundu kungabulala. Kucace bha ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unezimpawu zabo, futhi nezimpawu zokulimala zibonakala kumuntu ngamunye ngezindlela ezihlukile. Konke kuncike kumthamo wobuthi umquba uzowunikela. Esikhathini esiningi, isikhathi sokulunywa ngumuntu sihamba singanakwa, ngoba amandla okulunywa ezinhlungwini alingana namandla womjovo ngenalithi. Kepha yonke inkinga ilele entweni esethulwa ngumethuli, ngoba iqukethe ubuthi be-hemotoxic futhi ibangela i-necrosis yesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile.
Lesi sithombe esingenhla sikhombisa izilonda zesikhumba ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokulunywa yisicabucabu. Izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala emahoreni amabili kuya kwayi-8 ngemuva kokuluma; izinhlungu nokulunywa kungahlukaniswa yizimpawu eziphambili. Ososayensi baqhube izifundo bathola ukuthi nge-hermit bite, necrosis yesikhumba (uma ingalashwa) ibonwa emaphesenti angama-37%, kanti ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-1%) kubangele i-hemolysis - ukuqhuma kweseli elibomvu.
Eqinisweni, isimaphambili esithi "hermit" egameni lesicabucabu sibonisa ukuthi isicabucabu esinsundu ngokwaso asinalo ulaka. Uluma umuntu ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngemuva kokwenza izivivinyo, kwaba sobala ukuthi isicabucabu sisebenzisa ubuthi baso kubantu kuphela uma sinesimo esingenathemba futhi sisebenza. Ngenxa yokuhlolwa, kwaba sobala ukuthi uma i-hermit inethuba lokuphunyuka, khona-ke iya kuqala ukugijima, bese iluma kuphela.
Siza ngokuluma
Okokuqala, udinga ukuzama ukubamba into ukuze odokotela esibhedlela bakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi i-serum abazoyifaka. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukubamba, kusetshenziswa iqhwa endaweni yokuluma ukubambezela ukusabalala kwetyhefu. Ngemuva kwalokho, noma ngasikhathi sinye ngokucinga kweqhwa, babiza ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Kepha kaningi, ukuluma kungadlula ngaphandle kwemiphumela, noma kunganakwa.
Izindlela zokuqapha
Isinyathelo esiyinhloko sokuzivikela Yebo ukunakwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukugcina ukuhleleka endlini. Kuyiqiniso, noma ngabe umuntu uhlanzekile futhi unaka kangakanani, uhlala engumuntu futhi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela konke. Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze lapho usalunywe yisicabucabu?
Okokuqala, udinga ukuzidonsela ndawonye hhayi ukwethuka - bamba isicabucabu esikulume wena noma okungenani uthathe isithombe. Ungayibamba ngokumboza ngembiza noma ibhokisi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze udokotela akwazi ukubona isicabucabu futhi akhethe i -ididote efanele.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo, Yebo, ukubiza udokotela, futhi ngokushesha lapho lokhu sekwenziwe, kungcono kuwe. Into esemqoka ukuqala ngokushesha ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ngenkathi udokotela esendleleni, cishe uzokutshela ukuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe esimweni esithile, futhi udinga ukulandela imiyalo yabachwepheshe.
Uma kungekho miyalezo etholakele, kuyadingeka, futhi, hhayi ukulahleka, kepha ukuhlola isimo ngobuhlakani. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ubuthi abusabalali kuwo wonke umzimba ohlelweni lokujikeleza.
Babukeka kanjani
Isici esijabulisayo somndeni iphethini emnyama emuva, izinhlaka zifana ne-violin ("Intamo" iqondiswe phansi). Yize iphethini enjalo ingatholakala futhi ngezindlela ezihlobene kakhulu futhi nakwabanye abamele uhlobo lwesicabucabu, yi-hermit brown lapho kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- Violin Spider - spider spider.
Kepha ukuthi lesi silwane esinobuthi sihluke kanjani ngempela kwezihlobo zaso linani lamehlo. Izicabucabu eziningi zinabangu-8, kuthi i-hermit ibe no-6: umbhangqwana owodwa maphakathi nohlangothi ezimbili.
Imvamisa imilenze ye-Fiddleback Spider ihlukaniswe kabanzi, kepha lapho ingozi isondela, ithatha indawo yokuvikela: idonsa ingaphambili langaphakathi, iphakamise i-pedipalps (i-paws yesibili) futhi yelula imilenze yangemuva yokugxuma.
Badlani
Ngokungafani nezinye izicabucabu, imishanguzo ansundu ayifaki amanetha okuzingela “amakhethini” ahlelwe ngokusobala, isebenzisa imicu esakazeke ngokungakhethi. Zondla kuphela izinambuzane ezincane eziwela kwizicupho ezisethiwe, ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kokudla akunzima kumakhambi. Kwahlala kuyimfihlakalo ukuthi kungani imvelo idingeka ukunikeza lesi sinambuzane esinobuthi obunamandla kangaka.
Ukuzingela
Isicabucabu asisuki futhi sizingele ukubamba noma sihlasele umuntu osisulule ekhaya ngokungazelele. Izinambuzane ezincane zisebenza njengexhoba. Ubafuna ebusuku kuphela. Lapho sethole inyamazane, umhlaseli wayo wehlise ibanga nayo ngokushesha futhi wethule ubuthi ngokushesha, ayinciphise.
Ubuthi besicabucabu bunobuthi obukhuluNgakho-ke, ukufa kwesinambuzane kwenzeka cishe ngaso leso sikhathi. Lapho-ke umelusi udla izicubu ezithambile zezinyamazane, futhi uma kudingeka, udonsa izinsalela esidlekeni sazo. Ngobusuku obubodwa, angaya ukuzingela amahlandla ama-2-3.
Ingozi ebantwini
Umhlaseli uvumelana kahle nezimo zabantu zokuba khona. Ama-hermits ama-brown ngokuvamile abonakala ezindaweni ezomile, ezifudumele futhi ezingavakashelwa kakhulu ngabantu ezakhiweni: izindlu zasehlobo, i-attic, izindlu ezingaphansi nezitebhisi.
Isicabucabu singena endlini ngamawindi, iminyango, nemifantu phakathi kwezindonga. Esakhiweni sokuhlala, ucasha ngaphansi kwamabhodi asisekelo, ifenisha, amabhethri nezinye izinto ezingaphakathi ezimile. Umhlaseli uqobo akanalo ulaka futhi uhlasela umuntu kuphela esimweni esiphuthumayo, lapho ephihlizwa ngengozi noma lapho angena khona.
Umeluleki unemivimbo emincane futhi akakwazi ukuluma ngezingubo zakhe. Esikhathini esiningi, umuntu akaboni nokuthi uhlaselwe yisicabucabu. Ukuluma kwakhe kuzizwa kufana nomiyane, futhi umphumela ufike ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Indawo yenkinga iqala ukuvuvukala nokufiphala.
Ingxenye enhle yezisulu ayidingi usizo lwezokwelashwa, ngoba amasistimu okuvikela umzimba ngokuzimele enza indawo elimele. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, i-necrosis ingaqhamuka. Lesi yisifo esingemnandi futhi esibucayi, lapho ngaphansi kwethonya lobuthi obuyingozi siyixosha ngokoqobo, siphazamise ngasikhathi sinye ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa.
Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukwelapha i-necrosis - kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emi-3. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuvela igciwane lesibili, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa lwasekhaya luphele ngokuphelele. INecrosis ishiya isikhafu esibi esibi.
Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ulunywe yisicabucabu, kungavela izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- umkhuhlane
- i-arthralgia
- amakhaza
- ikhanda elibuhlungu
- ukuqhuma
- i-myalgia
- isiyezi
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza,
- buthakathaka.
Amathuluzi Esicabucabu
Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokulwa ekulweni ne-brown hermit, ungasebenzisa ezinye kakhulu - ama-insecticides. Lezi zokugcina zanele ezitolo ezikhethekile. Iqembu elilodwa lenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, kanti elinye - kuya ngokuya kwelayisense - ngezidingo zezimboni.
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle wukuphendukela kochwepheshe: izinsiza zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezizimele ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinjalo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke ungathatha amalungiselelo ezinye zezindlu.
Ama-insecticides asebenzayo kakhulu phakathi kwabanye, anconywa kakhulu ochwepheshe, yiCiflutrin neZipermetrin. Zombili lezi zidakamizwa zingamalungu eqembu le-pyrethroids (ama-pesticides okwenziwa) futhi azibonakalise ekulweni ne-hermit brown. Bona, ngokungafani nezinambuzane zesizukulwane esedlule, abanobuthi obuningi futhi abalimazi abantu kakhulu.
Izidakamizwa ziza ngesimo se-powder kanye nezifafaza. Esimweni sokuqala, ukwakheka kufanele kubekwe eceleni komphetho wekamelo, nakuzo zonke izindawo okucatshangwa ukuthi zidla umhlaseli kuzo. Izixuku zinikezela ngomsebenzi wesikhathi eside wezidakamizwa. Ama-spray asetshenziswa ngokunamaphutha noma ngokuqondile kwisicabucabu.
Ukwelashwa kwezibulala zinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi umuthi uthintana nezinambuzane eziningi nezinhlobo zawo zamanethiwekhi ngangokunokwenzeka. Izingcingo zingasetshenziswa ukufafaza uzungu olungaphandle lwesakhiwo sokuhlala: ama-ebbs, ama-cornices, ama-superstructure okuhlobisa nezinye izinto lapho ungacasha khona isicabucabu.
Amaphampu adinga ukusatshalaliswa emifusheni, ngaphansi kwamaphaza, ifenisha nezinye izinto zangaphakathi ezishukumisayo nezingasuki. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukubulala amagciwane kumele kuphindwe kaningi.
Bahlala kuphi
Ama-hermits ama-brown ahlukahluka e-United States: ukusuka maphakathi-mpumalanga kuya e-Gulf of Mexico, ngokuhambisana nomugqa osuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNebraska, udlula e-Iowa, e-Illinois, e-Indiana uye eningizimu ye-Ohio, futhi usuka eTexas udlulela entshonalanga ne-Georgia nase-Georgia. enyakatho yobungqingili. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwa eCalifornia, lesi spider asikaze sabonwa - yizihlobo zawo kuphela ezivela emndenini we-loxosceles ezitholakala lapho, futhi eziqhingini zaseHawaii - i-loxosceles rufescens ebomvu. Eminyakeni yama-70s yekhulu leminyaka edlule, iLoxosceles reclusa evela e-United States yathunyelwa e-Australia.
Esikhathini esiningi sokuphila kwakhe, isicabucabu esinsundu sigqoka emakhoneni ngasese: phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamatshe, emiseleni yezilwane. Kodwa maqondana nentuthuko eyenziwe ngabantu bendawo abahlala kuyo unomphela, laba besigcawu kwadingeka bashintshe indlela yabo yokuphila. Kancane kancane, bazivumelanisa nezimo futhi baqala ukuzizwa njengomakhelwane abagcwele abantu, bahlala ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, amagalaji, amaseshi, amakamelo ezindlini zangasese, kanye nangaphansi komhlaba - ezindle. Imvamisa imishanguzo isondela kumuntu: angena ezindlini nasezindlini, aphephele emabhokisini ezicucu, ngaphansi kwefenisha, ngemuva kwamabhodi ezisekelo. Bathanda izindawo lapho kukhona ukuhlwa nesihlahla.
Amakhambi esintu
Njengolunye uhlobo lwamakhemikhali, amakhambi abantu asetshenziswa. Kepha lapha udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ukusebenza kwezindlela ezinjalo kunguku-oda kokukhulu okuphansi. Umphumela onjalo ungabizwa ngokuthi uvimbele. Kepha ngokungafani namakhemikhali anolaka, amakhambi abantu aphephile ngokuphelele kubantu.
Lapho silwa nezicabucabu, zibonakalise ukuthi zihamba phambili izithelo. Kwanele ukusabalalisa amakhasi wewolintshi noma kalamula emakhoneni, eduze kwemibhede nezindawo zokuqongelela ama-cobwebs kanye nezicabucabu kuzodlula. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-eucalyptus nesihlahla setiye uwoyela obalulekilezigcinwe kumasosa.
Okusha nokwomisiwe kusiza okuningi. peppermint. Izicabucabu azibekezeleli iphunga lama-hazelnuts kanye nama-chestnut wamahhashi. Sula izitezi zingangezwa kwikhambi lensipho kaviniga. Iphunga le-pungent ngeke lisabise hhayi kuphela izisulu ze-arthropod, kodwa futhi nezimpukane, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Yini esongela umuntu ohlangana neLoxosceles reclusa?
Ngokuphathelene nabantu, isicabucabu se-hermit asilona ulaka. Lezi zinambuzane ngokuvamile azenzeki entweni enkulu ukwedlula zona, futhi zilimaze kuphela ukuzivikela. Imvamisa, lesi sinambuzane esinobuthi sithelela abantu abenze budedengu futhi baphazamise isicabucabu “emgqonyeni” waso, ngokwesibonelo, embhedeni, endaweni yokulala, ezicathulweni, noma kwenye indawo phakathi kukadoti omdala. Isicabucabu sibheka ukuhlasela kwabo njengomzamo wendawo yaso nokuhlaselwa. Njengomthetho, izingalo, intamo noma isisu esincane ziyalunywa.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuluma?
Masinyane ngemuva kokulunywa, kuyadingeka ukuvimba masinyane ukusakazeka kobuthi: phatha inxeba nge-antiseptic, faka iqhwa ngokushesha uye esibhedlela. Uma ilunga lithintekile, kufanele linikezwe isikhundla esiphakeme. Kungcono ukubamba isicabucabu, usifaka esitsheni esivalwe ngokuphelele bese usethula kudokotela ukuze akhombe.
Phambilini, odokotela basuse izicubu ezonakaliswe ukulunywa, kepha manje ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezi-ethe xaxa kakhulu: ukusebenzisa inkambo yokwelashwa ngama-hormone nemithi elwa namagciwane.
Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-anti-venom serum nayo iyasetshenziswa.
Kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ukulunywa kwamazinga okusebenza ahlukahlukene: ama-dapsone, ama-antihistamines, i-nitroglycerin, ama-vasodilators, i-heparin, kanye nokushaqeka kukagesi. Azikho kulezi zindlela ezifakwe ezifundweni ezikhethekile ukuthola ukusebenza kwazo. Ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yokulunywa yisicabucabu esinsundu singalashwa ngemithi yendabuko.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: IBrown Hermit Spider
Ukuvela kwama-arachnid okuqala aqala esikhathini se-Devonia - noma kunjalo, kwakungekho neze izinhlobo ezifanayo ezakha iplanethi yethu manje. Ama-Arachnids avela ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo ezindala ziyafa, kodwa hhayi nje kanjalo, kodwa ziguquka futhi zinikeza ezintsha.
Ama-arachnid asendulo kakhulu aba izidalwa zasolwandle zokuqala ukuthi zihlale emhlabeni, zahlala phezu kwazo, kwathi lapho ezinye izilwane sezizifinyelela, zaqala ukuziphilela impilo yokuphinga. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo kwakuyi-web yabo, ekhiqizwa yizinduna ezikhethekile ezaziqhamuka kwelinye lamabhanela emilenze.
Kusetshenziswa iwebhu ukuthi kunqunywe lapho okhokho bezinhlobo zesigcawu kwenzeka: ezilula kakhulu, zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukwakha amakhukhunathi, kuyilapho labo abathuthukile kakhulu bethola okunye ukusebenziseka kukho - ngokwesibonelo, benza amanethiwekhi noma benze izidleke. Isicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu salabo abasebenzisa iwebhu kuphela ikhukhunathi.
Ividiyo: IBrown Hermit Spider
Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi izinhlobo ngokwazo zingokwasendulo - njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zama-arachnids, kwavela esikhathini eside kangako, phakathi kwamashumi ambalwa ezigidi zeminyaka edlule, okuncane nje okushintshile uma kuqhathaniswa nokhokho basendulo. Ngokuvamile, ukuvela kwezicabucabu akufundiswanga okuncane futhi nophenyo lwayo luyadingeka.
Ososayensi abakaqali ngokuthembekile uchungechunge abaningi babo abathuthukisa kulo, kubandakanya izicabucabu ze-hermit. Kucace bha nje ukuthi indlela yokuphila yesicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu iyafana naleyokhokho bakhe abakude - kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ubedinga ubuthi obunamandla kangaka ngokumelene nezinye izidalwa esezisenyamalele, ngakho-ke usindile kuze kube namuhla. Lolu hlobo lwachazwa ngonyaka ka-1940 nguV. Gerch noS. Mulayk. Uthole igama lesayensi elithi Loxosceles reclusa, elinikezwe umndeni weSicariidae.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu se-brown hermit?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu se-brown hermit eTurkey
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu eningizimu mpumalanga ye-United States kusuka e-Illinois naseNebraska kuya eTexas naseVirginia. ECalifornia, ungahlangana ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngaphakathi endlini kuphela. Ezifundweni ezitholakala ebangeni elibekiwe, kwenzeka kaningi.
Kwezinye izindawo ngisho kaningi kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi kungenelwa ngokoqobo kulezi spider. Zitholakala ngaphandle kwendawo ebekiwe, kepha kaningi kakhulu, kuphela uma zingeniswa ngengozi. Uyakwazi ukuhlala ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, ukuze kuthi noma ngesikhathi sokuhamba azithole esekude kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eYurophu, asinde ngempumelelo.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi wathatha izimpande e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaqashelwa kaningi e-Australia, kungenzeka ukuthi uye wakuthola ukwanda kuleli lizwekazi. Ngokweqiniso lokuthi indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zicabucabu ngaphandle kwaseNyakatho Melika ayikasungulwa ngokuthembekile, imininingwane ephathelene nabo iyingxenye.
Njengendawo yokuhlala, ukhetha igumbi, kungcono kakhulu uma lifudumele futhi lomile. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaze bambize ngokuthi yi-hermit ngeze, kodwa ngoba akathandi inkampani futhi ukhetha ukuhlala emakamelweni alahliwe, noma nje angahlali muntu, njengezindlu zasehlobo, izindlu zangaphansi noma amakhonkolo.
Ngeke ibe isithiyo noma ngabe igumbi lingafakwanga: isicabucabu esithambile siyakwazi ukusinda kubanda obubanda kakhulu obukhona endaweni yaso yokuhlala. Noma kunjalo, ayithandi ukubanda, ngakho-ke ezindaweni zokuhlala zasebusika nazo zingahamba ngeminyango noma ngamawindi.
Abalungiselela ukufihla abantu futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezivikelekile: ngemuva kwamabhodi e-skirting, ifenisha, amabhethri. Ingahlala futhi ibanga kude nezindawo zokuhlala, ezindaweni zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, edwaleni noma ngaphansi kwezingodo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi isicabucabu esinsundu. Ake sibheke ukuthi uyini.
Ngabe sidlani isicabucabu esinsundu?
Isithombe: IBrown Hermit Spider
Ukuzingela kuholela kuphela ezinambuzaneni ezincane, eziphansi ngosayizi kuye, ngokuvamile kakhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akazibeki amanetha okuzingela, kepha azingele ngaphandle kwawo: ulandela inyamazane, emva kwalokho uyihlasele futhi ilume, ifake ubuthi. Ngaphandle kosizo lwenethiwekhi, kunzima kuye ukubhekana nezisulu ezinkulu - kungaba yingozi.
Ekudleni kwakhe:
- midges amancane
- omiyane
- imvukuzane
- izicabucabu ezincane, kufaka phakathi abantu bezizwe,
- nezidalwa ezifanayo.
Ngemuva kokuluma, isisulu siyakhubazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngeke asakwazi ukumelana - futhi imvamisa kakhulu efa endabeni yezikhathi ezithile, ngoba ubuthi obukulesi spider buqinile kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuzingela ayisasebenzi kahle kunokusebenzisa inethiwekhi, futhi ngenxa yalokho isicabucabu se-hermit kwesinye isikhathi kufanele sihlale ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Umzimba wakhe ujwayele leso simo - angakwazi ukugcina izakhamzimba ngekusasa amasonto amaningana noma inyanga nenyanga ezayo. Iyazingela ebusuku, imvamisa iphumula ezindaweni ezifihliwe emini - ayikuthandi ukukhanya kwelanga futhi izama ukukugwema.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ubuthi besicabucabu buvame ukuba nobuthi kuze kufike lapho kudingeka khona ukudla. Ngakho-ke, uma isicabucabu sidla izinambuzane ezinobukhulu bempukane, kwanele ukusheshe siyivimbele. Lapho isicabucabu sisebenzisa, sikhulu ubuthi baso.
Kepha ngale nhlobo, konke kuhluke ngokuphelele: kudla izidalwa eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu, kepha ubuthi bayo bunobuthi kakhulu kubantu - futhi eqinisweni abesabi ubuthi cishe noma yisiphi esinye isicabucabu. Kubacwaningi, kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo ukuthi ngasiphi isikhathi phakathi kokuvela kwemvelo, waqala ukuthuthukisa ubuthi obunamandla obunjalo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu se-brown hermit eRussia
Uhlala njalo uzama ukuhlala yedwa ukuze angaphazamiseki. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe uhlala efulethini, akatholakali kwenye indawo endaweni ebonakalayo, ngaphandle kwalesikhathi sokuzingela. Ngokuhamba kwayo, ingahambela kude esidlekeni, ikakhulukazi uma ingahlali ngaphakathi, kodwa emvelweni.
Uma kunesisulu esincane endaweni ahlala kuyo, angahle athuthele kwesinye. Kepha ukuhamba isikhathi eside ekuzingeleni kuyinqaba ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa, maningi amathuba okufuduka, kepha izinsikazi kulula kakhulu ukukhuphuka nokuchitha cishe sonke isikhathi esidlekeni, zizama ukungasuki kuzo.
Njengoba ethanda ukucasha kubantu futhi esebenza ebusuku, kuvamisile ukuthi uhlangane naye ebusuku, lapho ezingela - izicabucabu zivame ukuluma abantu ngqo ngoba zibaphazamisa ngaphandle kokuphawula ebumnyameni. Isicabucabu singatholwa ebhokisini elinezicucu noma ngejazi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuzingela kungamholela embhedeni.
Uma bangahlangani nabantu, khona-ke baphila ngamazinga wesicabucabu isikhathi esithile - ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-3-4, kwesinye isikhathi bangafika ngisho eminyakeni engu-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda kaningi, ngakho-ke uma ushiya isicabucabu sodwa, kwesinye isikhathi ungahle uthole ukuthi sebesewumndeni wonke - ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulwa nabo ngokushesha, ungalindi kuze kube inqwaba yabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Poisonous Brown Hermit Spider
Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi uhlala wedwa, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukwakheka kwamaqembu akubandakanywa. Izizathu zokuthi kungani lezi spider zivame ukugwema umphakathi we-congener kwesinye isikhathi ziqale ukuhlala ngamaqembu, nezinkulu, kuze kube yilapho sezizinze ngokuthembekile.
Kepha ungazisola nje ngabanikazi bezakhiwo lapho iqembu elinjalo lixazulule khona: kuzoba nzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi ukulwa nabo, kunezimo zokuhlaselwa kwangempela, futhi kubaninizi ngezinye izikhathi baphetha kabuhlungu, ngoba lezi spider zinobuthi obukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa ayithambekele ekuhlaseleni abantu, futhi empeleni noma yiziphi izidalwa ezingezona inyamazane: ziluma kuphela uma zikholelwa ukuthi zahlaselwa. Inkinga lapha ukuthi ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane besicabucabu, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abakuboni - futhi futhi ngoba imihlangano imvama ukwenzeka ebumnyameni.
Isibonelo, isicabucabu singacabanga ngokuhlaselwa uma kwephulwa ngephutha ilunga noma ngengozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu besifazane bangaba nolaka olukhulu uma umuntu esondele esidlekeni sabo ngamakhaza - bangakwazi ukuluma noma ngabe akenzi zinyathelo zonya.
Ukuzala kabusha kungenzeka kaningi ngonyaka - emva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ku-cocoon, idlanzana elithile, kwesinye isikhathi lifike kumashumi amahlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uhlala eduzane ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi aqaphe okwenziwa ngumbaza, aze ayeke nokuzingela. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, izicabucabu ziqala ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngemuva kwenyanga ziqala ukuhlala ngokwahlukana. Bafinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba cishe unyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zezicabucabu ze-hermit
Isithombisi: Uyingozi uBrown Hermit Spider
Yize lesi sidlakudla esinobuthi futhi siyingozi, kukhona abaphikisi abakhulu, abanohlonze abangawesabi ubuthi bayo, sebesevele besondla ngalo.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Lapho ehlala emvelweni, ubhekana nezingozi eziningi, yingakho, ngaphandle kokuzala kabusha okusebenzayo, inani lezicabucabu ze-sinamoni hermit lihlala lizinzile - isibalo esikhulu sazo sibulawa ngabazingeli.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwizicabucabu ezisencane, izinyamazane kulula kakhulu ukuzizingela kunesipiliyoni esivele sizitholile, ezifundile ukuzifihla nokuzivikela, futhi eziye zaba izicabucabu zakudala eziyingozi kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, ukuzingela okungaphumeleli kwesicabucabu esinobuthi kungaholela ekufeni komzingeli uqobo!
Kepha ezindlini, kukhona izinsongo ezimbalwa kubo, ngoba lezi spider zinganda ngokushesha kuzo. Ezinye izicabucabu ziba yisitha esibi kakhulu kuzo, ngoba yize i-hermit iyisicabucabu esiyingozi kumuntu, ngamazinga ezinye izicabucabu zincane ngosayizi, ziphansi ku-dexterity namandla.
Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwezicabucabu ezingenangozi ekhaya kungaba wusizo. Isibonelo, abenzi be-haym basebenza kakhulu ekulweni nemithi, ayinangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Futhi phakathi kwezitha zesicabucabu se-brown hermit, ngokwemvelo, abantu uqobo.
Njengoba ziyingozi kakhulu, zivame ukulwa nazo ngenhloso, zisebenzisa izinto ezinobuthi ukuzisusa ezindlini noma kumagumbi okusetshenziswa. Ukususwa kwabo ezindlini e-US kusho okuyingxenye yobubanzi balesi sicabucabu kungenye yemisebenzi ephambili yochwepheshe yokulawula izinambuzane.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: IBrown Hermit Spider
Yize indawo le ingeyona ebanzi kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa kuphela izifundazwe eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, zinabantu abaningi kakhulu abamele lolu hlobo, ngokusho kwezakhamizi eziningi zalezi zifundazwe.
Ngakho-ke inani labo labantu likhulu futhi akukho okubasabisayo - ngokwabo ngeke bafe, futhi akulula ukubakhipha. Ukwesaba kubangelwa ngokuqondile ngokuzala kwabo ngokweqile: ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi inani labantu besigcawu se-brown hermit likhula kakhulu kulezo zindawo lapho laziswa khona.
Kunobungozi bokuthi izothola ukwanda kwezindawo kulezi zindawo ezintsha, nakwamanye amazwekazi, futhi izoqala ukwanda ngenkuthalo lapho. Ngokunikezwa ingozi yayo, intuthuko enjalo ayifiseleki kakhulu, ngoba kuba nzima ukubhekana nayo njengoba isabalala.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: E-USA, balinganiselwa ku-7,000 abantu abahlushwa yilokhu kulunywa yisigcawu minyaka yonke. Ubuthi bayo buyingozi kakhulu, kanti ekuqaleni ukulunywa kungabonakala kungabalulekanga - imvamisa abukho ubuhlungu obuvela kuyo, futhi buqhathaniswa nomiyane. Kuqala ukulimala ngemuva kwamahora angama-3-4, bese kuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngemuva kwamahora angama-7-8.
Izimpawu: isicanucanu, ubuthakathaka nesiyezi, ukuphathwa ikhanda - konke lokhu kukhombisa ubuthi. Uma i-spider yokulunywa ibukeka njenge-hermit e-brown, awukwazi ukulinda izimpawu - kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha, ngoba uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-necrosis kungenzeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kungaphelela ekufeni.
Kunzima ukuzalanisa nokuzalela okusheshayo isicabucabu esinsundu esinsundu - Omunye wabahlali abangabizi kakhulu oyingozi ohlala endaweni nabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuba sendaweni okuhlala kuyo kufanele kuqaphele, futhi ngokuluma ngokushesha uthintane nodokotela - le ukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ukuqala kwemiphumela engemihle kakhulu.
Izimpawu nemiphumela yokuluma
Ukulunywa kwesicabucabu se-brown hermit akunabuhlungu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala, kungathatha amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-8 (isikhathi esimaphakathi - amahora ayi-6). Indawo yokuluma iqala ukudumba, ibomvu, ilume, bese ilimala futhi ishise.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuthi, imikhumbi iyacindezelwa, kuqala indlala yomoya we-tishu (ischemia). Indawo elunywe yaphenduka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-papule encane enobomvu iyavela ngaphansi kwesikhumba, bese kuba nokunye okumbalwa.
Bahlangana, bakha ibhulukwe elikhulu elilodwa, elivula bese lidalula izicubu ezingaphansi.
Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12- 24, kungaba khona nezimpawu zesistimu ehambisanayo (loxoscelism).:
- umkhuhlane
- isicanucanu,
- ubuthakathaka
- ukuhlanza
- izinhlungu zokuhlangana nezemisipha.
Uma isicabucabu sanda sinobuthi, imiphumela yaso emibi kakhulu yokukuluma. Uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-7, umuntu onesifo sokuzivikela somzimba obuthakathaka noma umuntu osekhulile alimala, khona-ke umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa zivela ukulunywa yisicabucabu:
- i-hemolytic anemia (ukubhujiswa okwandayo kwamangqamuzana egazi),
- hemoglobinuria - isibonakaliso esiyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokudedelwa kwe-hemoglobin ngaphandle kwemikhumbi. Izimpawu: umchamo omnyama, i-jaundice, izinhlungu ezihlangene,
- ukwehluleka kwezinso.
Ezimweni eziningi, yonke into ihamba emavikini ama-3, kepha kukhona enye indlela yokwenziwa kwezenzakalo - izicubu ze-necrosis (10% yamacala). Ukungavikeleki kwasendaweni akukwazi ukubekezelela, ubuthi buqhubeka nokubhubhisa isakhiwo samaselula. Inqubo ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, isilonda singafinyelela ububanzi obungaphezu kwama-25 cm.
Ukusabela okunzima kakhulu kokulunywa yisicabucabu se-hermit kwenzeka ezindaweni ezigcwele izicubu ze-adipose: amabhuzu, amathanga, isisu. Ngokulunywa entanyeni, ukuvimbela (ukuvinjwa, i-edema) yendlela ephezulu yokuphefumula kungenzeka.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, amafomu olonda izilonda (gangren scabs) angalapheki izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle, isilonda sibukeka njengendawo emnyama enomngcele ophuzi we-purulent kanye nemiphetho edabukile.
Lesi sifo sibizwa nge- "necrotic arachnoidism." Kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ukwelulama, futhi uma kuthinteka izicubu ezithambile, khona-ke ukwelashwa kungathatha iminyaka emi-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, izibazi ezihlukumezekile zihlala zinjalo.
Usizo lokuqala
Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa kwesicabucabu se-hermit:
- thambisa ingxenye yomzimba eyonakalisiwe,
- faka umqhudelwano
- zama ukukhipha ubuthi
- ukubulala amagciwane nge-antiseptic, ijusi le-aloe.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubiza udokotela futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, bamba isicabucabu esitsheni. Uma kungekho zinkinga, ama-compress kanye nokuphathwa kwama-analgesics abuthakathaka anele.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe ukugwema ukulunywa yisicabucabu ezindaweni ezinobungozi.:
- khipha izingubo nezicucu ngaphambi kokugqoka, futhi kungcono ukuzigcina ezembozweni ezikhethekile,
- baphathe izinkuni zokubasa futhi bahlukanise amakhona amnyama ngamagilavu kuphela,
- ungagcini emabhokisini amadala, ungabheki inhlanzeko yezindawo zokuhlala, njalo uzenzele ngaphansi kwemibhede nangemuva kwamakhabethe,
- phatha ngezikhathi ezingaphansi namagaraji ngama-insecticides,
- zibulale ngesandla izicabucabu zakho ukude kuphela: iphephandaba eligoqiwe, ipheshana lempukane.
Isikhumba sesicabucabu esinsundu sincane, ngakho-ke ngeke akwazi ukuluma ngezingubo zakhe, kepha isikhumba esingenalutho silimele kalula.
IHermits ingena kalula emfucumeni ngaphansi kweminyango, ukungena kwamawindi, ngokusebenzisa imisele yokufaka umoya, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ubavikele ngenetha lomiyane.
Izicabucabu ezitholakala endaweni eseduze yezindlu kufanele zichithwe ukuvimba ukuzala kwazo, kanye nokushayisana kwezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
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