I-Flounder - Izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ezingezomndeni we-flatfish. Umzimba ophathwe ngokuqinile, kanye namehlo asohlangothini olunye lwenhlanzi, umehluko wayo oyinhloko ezimbili. Amehlo avame kakhulu ngakwesokunene. Umzimba wefounder ubukeka ungafani nombala ophindwe kabili: uhlangothi olunamehlo lumdaka ngombala onendawo ephuzi e-orange, kuthi lowo "oyimpumputhe" mhlophe, akanamabala amnyama. I-Flounder idla ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezingaphansi. Ekubambeni okuthengiswayo, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-35- 40 cm.Ukuqina kwamafulegi amadala kusuka kumakhulu ezinkulungwane kuya kumaqanda ayizigidi eziyishumi.
Incazelo
Onke amaflebhisi anemizimba ethambile. Ingxenye engezansi ingenye yezinhlangothi zezinhlanzi, ezihamba ngenxa yokuthola i-metamorphosis, okuyisimo sawo wonke amaflefish. Ingxenye engezansi ingafaniswa ne-sandpaper: inzima kakhulu kusukela ekuxhumaneni njalo phansi kwendawo yokugcina, akukho amehlo lapha. Iso elivela kulolu hlangothi lisiya kwelinye, ngoba kubi ukubona okwenzekayo ngeso elilodwa.
Ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi inama-pectoral fins. Kukhona nehlo eselisukile phansi. IFlounder ine-pigment evumela ukuthi ilingise noma yimuphi umhlaba. Lokhu kuyadingeka inhlanzi ukuze ifihle phansi kubazingeli abathanda ukudla kuyo. Uma ufaka i-flounder ebhodini le-chessboard, khona-ke izindawo zokukhanya nokukhanya kuzobonakala ngokuqinisekile engxenyeni ephezulu, njengasebhodini.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeflounder: i-flounder yomfula neflanethi yolwandle. Ngaphandle, izinhlanzi ziyefana kakhulu, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba. Ngaphakathi kohlobo lwezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kepha ezinkulu kunazo zonke zabanjwa olwandle. Wayenesisindo esingaphezu kwesenti, futhi ubude bomzimba babungamamitha ayi-2. I-River flounder ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-50, ngenkathi ifinyelela kubunzima obungamakhilogremu amabili, kanye ne-flounder yolwandle - kuze kufike amasentimitha angama-60, nesisindo - ama-7 kilos. Kepha esithombeni babheka okufanayo.
Vele, wonke umuntu obona lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi okokuqala ngqa unesithakazelo embuzweni: kungani i-flatfish isicaba? Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uholele indlela yokuphila esondele ezansi bese umba enhlabathini ngangokunokwenzeka, ulingise ukwakheka kwayo, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi zizosebenza njengokudla kwezilwane ezizingelayo. I-Malek flounder ibhukuda ibheke phezulu, futhi ukubukeka kwayo sekujwayelekile, kujwayelekile kithi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ikhula, inhlanzi iba ngaphansi kwe-metamorphosis, futhi isivele ibhukuda eceleni komgwaqo, futhi zonke izitho zomzimba ziduduzelwa indawo ethile ukuze zitholakale kalula.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlobo zasolwandle nasemfuleni ziyatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zihlala ikakhulu emanzini oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Kepha kubuye kujwayelekile olwandle i-White, North ne-Okhotsk. I-flounder yomfula ingaphila olwandle nasemifuleni, lapho ingabhukuda khona kude. Inhlanzi enjalo ihlala oLwandle Olumnyama nolweMedithera, emifuleni egeleza iwele phakathi kwabo, kanye naseYenisei. Bahlukanisa ngisho nohlobo olukhethekile lwefounder: uLwandle Olumnyama.
I-Black Sea flounder iyinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso, abadobi abathanda ukuyizingela. I-Black Sea flounder, njenganoma iyiphi enye, ithanda ukuhola indlela yokuphila ephansi. Kungakuhle kuye ukuthi inhlabathi isikhululeke kangangokuba kube lula ukumba kuyo. Kepha sibonga amandla okulingisa akubalulekile kangako: mangaki amatshe anemibala azoba phansi, imibala eminingi futhi azogudluza ngenhla kwenhlanzi engaphezulu.
Imikhuba
Akunandaba noma yiluphi uhlobo - amanzi acwebile noma olwandle, wonke amalungu alo mndeni angabhukudi abampofu kakhulu. Zizwa ingozi, izinhlanzi ziphendukela kubambo bese zibhukuda ngokushesha kule ndawo. Lapho nje ingozi isidlulile, baphinda bawele phansi bese ubhavuma.
Ngokuya ngokuthi ilapho ihlala khona, iyakwazi ukuguqula umbala wayo ngejubane lombani, ithole umthunzi oyifunayo. Umbala wenhlanzi uncike ikakhulu kumbala wasolwandle nasekhethini lwawo. Ukushintsha, i-flounder ifinyelela umbala onjalo ukuze icishe ingabonakali. Ukuguquguquka okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi ukulingisa. Kepha akubona bonke abamele lolu hlobo abanale mpahla, kepha yibona kuphela ababonayo. Njengoba esekhohliwe, inhlanzi ngeke isakwazi ukuguqula umbala womzimba wayo.
I-Flounder - izinhlanzi zolwandle, osayizi bazo ezisukela kumagremu amaningana kuya kumakhilogremu angamakhulu amathathu. Isisindo nosayizi kuya ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni. Abanye abantu bafinyelela kumamitha amane ubude. Abaningi bethu bezwe nge-halibut, kepha wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lokhu kuyindiza. Yikuphi izinhlanzi - umfula noma ulwandle, ngokuqinisekile azaziwa kwabaningi. Okwamanje, ama-halibuts ayizifudlana ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlala olwandle lwePacific nase-Atlantic. Kwabhalwa inhlanzi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-363, futhi leli inani elikhulu kunawo wonke elaziwa yisayensi. Iqiniso elihehayo ukuthi lolu hlobo lwefounder luyakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-flounder iyinhlanzi ebalulekile yasolwandle.
Ukudla
I-Flounder idla ngokwehluka kakhulu. Kungashiwo izinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Amagwababa, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans amancane akha isisekelo sokondleka. Kepha ukudla futhi kuvame ukuhamba nezinhlanzi ezincane ezibhukuda eduze nendawo yokuhlala. Inhlanzi ayithandi ukuyishiya, ukuze ingaziphangi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-flounder ingummeleli wezilwane ezizingela, ama-angler akhetha ukusebenzisa izithiyo zemvelo. Ukwenza lokhu, bathatha izibungu noma inyama ye-clam. Ukuze inhlanzi inake inyamazane yayo engase ibe khona, kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe ngaphansi kwempumulo yakhe ngqo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cishe akakwazi ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela, aze adle nokudla.
Ukuzala
Izinhlobo ezizalanayo kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi. Lokhu kuhluka ngesikhathi sesikhathi kungenxa yokuthi indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu, futhi esimweni ngasinye, inhlanzi inesikhathi sayo lapho kuvela ukuqhekeka okusebenzayo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi i-flounder ithanda ukuhlala yodwa, isaya amaphakethe ukuze ivele. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo eziningana ze-flounder zihlanganiswa emhlambini, khona-ke izinhlobo ezihlukile zinganqamula.
IFlounder ifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eminyakeni engu-3-4. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, iqhuma kusuka kumakhulu ambalwa kuya kwizigidi eziningana zamaqanda. Inani le-caviar lincike ohlotsheni nasosheni lwezinhlanzi. Amaqanda amelana nesikhathi sokufuduka, okuyizinsuku eziyi-11, ngemuva kwalokho okuvundayo. Iso lesobunxele le-fry lingakwesobunxele, futhi iso langakwesokudla: konke kufana nezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile.
Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, i-fry idla i-zooplankton, futhi njengoba ikhula, ukudla okunempilo okuningana. Kancane kancane, uhlangothi lwesobunxele luphenduka engxenyeni engezansi, ukusuka kulo iso liyela ohlangothini lokunene. Kuyaqabukela, uhlangothi olungaphansi lube ngasohlangothini lwesokunene. Siyini isizathu, isayensi namanje akwaziwa.
IFlounder yinhlanzi eyinqaba kakhulu, okwakudingeka ukuthi ihambe indlela ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo, icishe ibonakale ngezansi, kepha ama-angler angomakadebona angayenza ikubambe igwegwe, idwengule “phansi” ngeheji elimnandi.
Izindlela zokudoba
I-Flounder ingumhlali ongezansi, ngakho-ke, indlela yokuzingela kufanelekile. Idotshwa ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-100, ngezinduku ezinamandla ze-carp nezondlayo isebenzisa imishini esindayo (ukusuka ogwini), noma isikebhe esikebheni, ngaphandle kwezindlela ezinjengokudoba ezingekho emthethweni. Kepha kungcono ukhethe izinduku ezikhethekile zasolwandle ezinokuhlanganiswa okuyisipesheli usawoti wasolwandle owonakalisayo.
Njengokusebenzisa isheyini, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks ahlukahlukene, ama-squid, kanye nezibungu (i-sea grit nereis). Abadobi abaningi bathanda izithiyo zokugqoka ezinesisindo. Ungaheha ukunakwa kwakhe ngobuhlalu bemibala ekhanyayo. Isheyidi livila kakhulu, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuluma asinakubonwa.
Ukulimaza futhi uzuze kubantu
Ama-Dietitians abheka izinhlanzi ezifuywayo njengomkhiqizo wokuphilisa.
Ukwakheka kwezinto ezibalulekile kwenza i-flounder ilusizo ezifweni ezifana:
- i-hypothyroidism
- izifo zenhliziyo,
- i-gastritis engapheli,
- cholecystitis,
- izifo ze-autoimmune
- isifo sokukhathala okungamahlalakhona
- i-anemia.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-flounder
Ngaphezu kokudla okunempilo kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, i-flounder ilungile ekudleni okujwayelekile.
Izici zalo eziwusizo zinikezela:
- iqoqo lesisindo esisebenzayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa,
- ukululama okusheshayo ngemuva kokugula okungathí sina,
- ukuvimbela umdlavuza kubantu asebekhulile,
- ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, inkumbulo ezinganeni zesikole nakubafundi,
- ukukhula kwesifiso sobulili,
- ukwenza ngcono izinwele nezinzipho,
- ukuhlanza isikhumba, kwandisa i-turgor yayo.
I-Harm flounder
Inhlanzi, njengomthetho, ayinabungozi empilweni. Inani lokupholisa lenhlanzi lincike kwindlela yokulungiselela. I-Flounder ilahlekelwa iningi lezakhiwo zayo ezinenzuzo ku-salting, ukubhema, kanye nokuwafaka.
I-Flounder elungiselelwe ngalezi zindlela ingalimaza izitho zomzimba ezahlukahlukene:
- i-salt flounder igcina uketshezi emzimbeni, okuholela ku-edema kanye nokuthola isisindo esinempilo
- usawoti osezingeni eliphakeme ulayisha izinso
- I-flounder enomunyu igxilisela usawoti emalungeni, okuholela ku-arthritis,
- inhlanzi ebhemayo nezisemathinini ukugxila kwe-carcinogens.
Kubalulekile! I-flounder eyomile ngaphandle kosawoti igcina cishe zonke izinto ezibalulekile. Kepha inhlanzi eyomile ayinakudliwa ngabantu abanezifo zesisu.
Ikhodi
Ikhodi - inhlanzi eyaziwa ngaphansi ehlala emanzini abandayo olwandle i-Atlantic ne-Arctic. Kuyinani lezentengiso elibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesibindi esidumile, esinothile ngamafutha futhi sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukudla okusemathinini. I-Cod nayo iyatholakala oLwandle iPacific, kepha lolu hlobo lincane kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Lo mhlali ohlala olwandle ukhetha indlela yokuphila eyedwa. Uthanda ukuchitha isikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ephumule olwandle. Kungamane kulele phezu kobuso, noma kungcwabe esihlabathini ukuze kubonakale isimo. Kuqabukela kakhulu ukubona ukuthi i-flounder ikhuphuka iphakeme kunamitha elilodwa ukusuka olwandle.
Yenzelwe izinhlanzi - umthombo wokuphila, indlu kanye nezindlela zokusindiswa kwabazingeli. Ngenxa yokulingisa (ikhono lokufihla ngokushesha njengemvelo, ikakhulukazi njengamatshe nangaphansi), angahlasela izitha zakhe buthule ngokushesha noma azifihle ezitheni.
Enye into ebalulekile ukucabanga kancane. Kubukeka sengathi ngenxa ye-torso disparingate futhi engajwayelekile ngenhlanzi ejwayelekile, i-flounder ibhukuda kancane kakhulu. Abadobi abangenalwazi bathi ukubamba lesi sidalwa samanzi kulula kakhulu, futhi ukuphela kwendlela yabo yokusindiswa kufihlekile. Noma kunjalo, cha.
Lapho i-flounder izizwa iphephile - ibhukuda kancane, izwa sengathi imane ithwalwa okwamanje. Ukunyakaza kwaso kufana nokunyakaza okufana nokukhanya, futhi ijubane lakhona alidluli kumamitha ayi-10 ngehora.
Kepha uma umhlaseli ebamba inhlanzi ngemuva, angaba nesivinini esihle kakhulu. Ngenxa yomsila wayo omfushane, amaphiko afanayo we-ventral kanye nama-dinsal and dinsal and back, angakwazi ukufihla kalula labo abawasukelayo.
Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, i-founder ingenza kalula ijezi ngamamitha ambalwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi ishiya umsele wamanzi onamandla ozoqondiswa phansi. Lokhu kungenxa yesembozo se-gill ekwakhiweni kwezinhlanzi.
Itholakala endaweni engaboni yomzimba. Indiza enamandla izovusa ongezansi, ezodida inyamazane noma ihlakaze inyamazane. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlasela izisulu ze-flounder noma ukubalekela inhlanzi yolwandle enkulu neyingozi.
UFlounder uhlala kuphela emanzini oLwandlekazi iPacific. Izinhlobo zemifula zigcwele phansi emifuleni ebandayo, emikhondweni. Ungahlangana ku-Dnieper, Bug, Dniester. Izakhamizi zolwandle ikakhulu ziseLwandle Olumnyama, lwaseJapan, eBaltic, eBering naseMedithera.
ELwandle i-Azov lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi aluvamile. Phakathi kweLwandle Olumnyama nolwe-Azov kunomlomo woMfula iDon, lapho khona zombili izinhlobo zamanzi amnandi nezasolwandle zizizwa zikhulu.
Naphezu kwezinga elihle likasawoti, kusenzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nabo lapho. Abazingeli banamuhla bavame ukubamba le nhlanzi ngezinhloso zezimboni noma bayithengise. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo ubavumela ukuthi benze imali enhle.
I-flounder esenyakatho ne-North-belled, ekhetha amanzi abandayo, ihlala kuphela eKara, Okhotsk, Bering naseWhite Sea. Kuqabukela kakhulu ukuhlangana nayo emfuleni i-Ob, Kare, Tugur neYenisei. Izinhlanzi zithanda inhlabathi enosilika futhi ethambile, lapho ungacasha khona kalula, okuyilokho imifula enakho.
I-Yellowfin taxon yizinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu ezifulethini Founder imindeni ihlala emanzini anamazinga kasawoti aphakathi noma aphezulu. Imvamisa, ubhukuda ngokujula okungamamitha angaphansi kwamakhulu amathathu.
Lezi zinhlanzi zithandwa kakhulu embonini. Bahlala eWhite, iBaltic, iMedithera kanye namanye amanzi ase-Atlantic. I-flounder eseningizimu enamabala amhlophe ivame ukutholakala endaweni engasogwini yoLwandle lwaseJapan naseRed Sea.
Umsoco
Ukubhaliswa ngakunye kokudla okuningilizayo kudla ngezikhathi ezihlukile zosuku. Oyedwa ngosuku, omunye ebusuku. Kuya ngesimo sendawo nendawo oyithandayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, laba bameleli bezilwane badla ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, kepha uma bengakwazi ukubamba noma yini, bayozijabulisa futhi izimila.
Futhi, ukudla kwe-flounder kuncike eminyakeni yayo. Isibonelo, izinsikazi ezincane zidla amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-amphipod, ama-benthos, izibungu, izibungu nezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Abantu abadala bathanda ukwenza inzuzo ku-fry nezinhlanzi ezincane, izibungu kanye nabanye abamele umndeni we-echinoderm, izilwane ezincane ezivela emndenini we-invertebrate, ophiuras, kanye nama-crustaceans. Ama-Shrimps kanye ne-capelin yi-delicacy ethandwa kakhulu ye-flounder.
Ngenxa yendawo engajwayelekile yekhanda, okungukuthi ukubekwa kwe-lateral emzimbeni, izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukudonsa izinyamazane ezincane nabanye abahlali bamanzi okujula kusuka phansi.
Amazinyo abukhali futhi ayamsiza ukuba awakhiphe. IFlounder nayo inemihlathi eqinile. Angasusa kalula amagobolondo crab noma amagobolondo oysters, igobolondo nabanye. Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwalezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ukondleka kokuhleleka kokudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kuyadingeka.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho ukubukeka: kuyicaba, ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi bakubonile flounder esithombeni, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungumuntu ohlala phansi. Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi oluxakile aluqhamuki ngokuzalwa, ama-fry alo afana nezinye izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile, futhi lapho bekhula baqala ukufana nabantu abadala.
Amehlo abo aqala ukutholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba, bese iso elilodwa - ngakwesobunxele noma ngakwesobunxele, lihamba liye kolunye uhlangothi, uhlangothi uhlangothi lwamehlo womabili luba "ngenhla" lenhlanzi, nesinye isisu, esiba ukukhanya futhi sibumbeke, inhlanzi ezishayayo kuhlale kugeleza njalo phansi.
Ingaphila ekujuleni okufika ku-200 m, kepha ukujula okukhululekile kakhulu yi-10-15m. I-geography yale nhlanzi ibanzi impela, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze -fishfish - lezo ezihlala olwandle:
- i-flounder
- i-turbo
- Indawo emnyama yolwandle
- dab,
- futhi abakhileyo emifuleni - i-flounder yamanzi amasha.
Izinhlanzi zolwandle nolwandle ngokubukeka zihlukile kakhulu, zingahluka ngosayizi kuphela, ozakwabo basolwandle bafinyelela osayizi abakhulu.Icala liyaziwa ngenkathi amatilosi abamba iflashithi enkulu enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100 nobukhulu obungamamitha amabili.
Izindawo zokuhlala nazo zihlukile, zasolwandle zitholakala kakhulu esimweni sezulu esingaseningizimu, olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, futhi kutholakala naseNyakatho, eMhlophe, eMnyama naseNyakatho yolwandle. Umfula futhi uhlala olwandle, kepha ungabhukuda uqonde kude, otholakala kuLwandle iMedithera, oLwandle Olumnyama nasemifuleni okwabelwana ngayo nabo.
Kutholakala futhi endaweni eyiyo yoMfula iYenisei. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukile - i-Black Sea flounder, eyaziswa kakhulu abadobi bezentengiso, inamandla anjengokulingisa, ihola indlela yokuphila yesihlabathi nokuzingela.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla kuhlala i-blounder phansi ezakha indlela yakhe yokuphila. Yize ngokwemvelo iyindilinga, inhlanzi yasolwandle iyisidleke, kepha lokhu ayenzi ukuthi isebenze, ikhetha ukuzingela abaqamekeli.
Esithombeni, ama-blounder masquerade olwandle.
Bahlala balale, uma kunesidingo bangena esihlabathini nasenhlabathini, bezungeza ukunyakaza okufana namagagasi, benza ukudana futhi bagcwale inhlabathi ebazungezile, bese bela emgodini bese umhlabathi ozinzile umboza umzimba wawo.
Kepha lokhu akuyona yonke into inhlanzi engenza ukufihla - umzimba wayo unesithombe ohlangothini olubonwayo, olungashintsha lujwayele imvelo, olunikeza ukungabonakali okukhulu kakhulu. Leli khono libizwa ngokuthi ukulingisa kwazo zonke izidalwa, kepha zonke izinhlobo zobugqila zingazisebenzisa, izinhlanzi eziyimpumputhe azikwazi ukushintsha umbala wazo.
Uma kwenzeka usongo noma ingozi, i-flounder ikhuphuka isuka phansi ibheke phezulu, ifike iye ohlangothini lwayo bese isuka ngokushesha endaweni ephephile, ibuye ilale ohlangothini olungaboni futhi icashe
Esithombeni, umfula uwela
Habitat
Ihlala ogwini lweScandinavia, eCentral Europe kanye nolwandle iMedithera kusuka emngceleni wamabhasi kuya ekujuleni kwama-55 m, kanye nasezigodini zezigodi namachibi athile ogwini. I-River flounder ingenye yezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu ze-flounder, futhi kungcono kunezinye izinhlobo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zemvelo. Kwenzeka ukusuka ogwini lwe-Arctic enyakatho yeNorway kuya ezindaweni ezinamanzi afudunyezwe yilanga agudle ugu olusenyakatho ne-Afrika. Ingaphila kokubili olwandle nasemanzini amasha. I-flounder yomfula ivame ukutholakala emanzini angenamikhawulo ezinsimbi zolwandle. Amanzi amade aphakamisa izinhlanzi enhla nomfula, lapho athola khona imithombo yokudla ecebile.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-founder?
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuhlukanisa i-flounder ngamehlo akhe. Zi-convex futhi zibekwe ohlangothini lokunene lomzimba. Kulokhu, inhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi ngakwesokudla. Kuyaqabukela, kepha nokho kukhona abamele lapho isitho sombono sitholakala ngakwesobunxele noma ngokulinganayo sitholakala ezinhlangothini.
Uhlangothini lwesobunxele, lapho kungekho amehlo, lubizwa ngokuthi "uhlangothi oluphofu." Isikhumba lapha siminyene, silukhuni futhi siqinile. Lesi sici sivikela izinhlanzi ekuhlaselweni yizitha ohlangothini lwesobunxele futhi zithuthukisa ukunyakaza ematsheni nasehlabathini.
Ukuchazwa kwesakhiwo somzimba se-flounder:
- Torso. Isidumbu esithambile sivumela isidalwa sasolwandle ukucasha ngaphansi kwetshe, sizingcwabe esihlabathini noma simile nje phansi. Umugqa we-lateral ugijima ngqo phakathi kwamehlo. Isikhumba “ohlangothini lwesokunene” sibushelelezi futhi siyakwazi ukuguqula umbala ube umbala waphansi, othuthukisa imaski. Uhlangothi oluthinta phansi (kwesobunxele) luvame ukukhanya ngombala.
- Ikhanda. Amehlo adlulile futhi asondele kakhulu koyedwa. Umugqa we-lateral, obahlukanisa ngokuqondile, uvumela amehlo e-convex ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ngokwehlukana, enwebisa kakhulu i-horons. Kukhona amazinyo abukhali emgodini womlomo, umlomo uhlanekezelwe. Lesi sici sethulwe yimvelo, kanti nenhlanzi iyayisebenzisa, ithumba inyamazane, ebhukuda isuka ohlangothini. Isembozo se-gill sitholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele.
- Izinhlamvu. Amafutha omsila ayancishiswa, kepha abhekana kahle nomsebenzi wawo, esiza izinhlanzi ukuba zihambe masinyane. I-Dorsal, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yaphakeme, ibekwe eduze kwekhanda. Amaphiko we-ventral angumlinganiso. Banesisekelo esinciphile nemisebe eminingi. Basiza umhlaseli ukuba abe mubi futhi angahlaseli.
Imvamisa, umzimba ongaphezulu unombala onsundu, kepha umbala uncike kwezinye izinto: uhlobo nendawo yokuhlala.
Indawo yokusabalalisa nendlela yokuphila
I-Flounder iyimashi yasolwandle neyokuhlala emfuleni. Lapho ahlala khona, kumele kube nemibandela egculisayo yokuba khona kwakhe. Inhlanzi ijwayelekile ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho zoLwandle iPacific. Izinombolo ezibalulekile zibonakala eChukchi, eMedithera, eJapan, e-Okhotsk naseBering Seas. Abamele izindikimba zamanzi ahlanzekile ahlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwemifula nemifudlana yemifula (i-Dnieper, i-Southern Bug, i-Dniester).
Usawoti wamanzi oLwandle i-Azov kanye nemifula egeleza kuyo, okwehlisa izinga lamanzi, kuvume ukuthi omele isicaba seFlounder-like Black Sea sibekwe ngasemfuleni iDon. Lezo zinhlobo ezibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi zihlala kahle emanzini Amhlophe, kanye nolwandle lwaseKara nase-Okhotsk. Zingatholakala futhi emifuleni enjengeYenisei, Ob, Tugur Bay.
UFlounder uthanda phansi enodaka. Ichitha indlela yokuphila eyedwa ezansi, wembelwa esihlabathini. Angachitha izinsuku ngaphansi kwengqimba yesihlabathi futhi abuke ngamehlo akhe aqwayimbayo ngakho konke okwenzeka nxazonke. Ingakhuphuka ngenhla ezansi kweleveli yamamitha, kepha lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka.
Ukulingisa kuyisici esibalulekile se-flounder. Leli gama lisho "ukufihla." Izinhlanzi ezisebenzisa lesi sici somzimba wazo zingakwazi ukuhlasela inyamazane futhi zifihle kwezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle.
I-Flounder ibhukuda kancane, ingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-9-11 ngehora. Uma ubheka ukuthi ihamba kanjani kahle, kungabonakala sengathi imane nje ithwala okwamanje. Kepha lokhu kuphela lapho izinhlanzi zizizwa ziphephe ngokuphelele. Lapho ingozi isondela, ijubane lokuhamba landa kakhulu. Lokhu kusungulwa ngamaphinifa we-pectoral ngokulinganayo maqondana, umsila kanye ne-dorsal finyeziwe.
Ezimweni eziyingozi kakhulu nezingajwayelekile, i-flounder yenza ukugxuma okubukhali phambili ngokushesha ngamamitha angama-4-5. Kushiya ngemuva indiza enamandla iqondiswe phansi. Umjelo wamanzi uzokhuphula umswakama kusuka phansi futhi udumise isitha esihlaselayo. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngenxa yesembozo se-gill, esesimweni senhlanzi engakwesokunxele somzimba.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zeflounder. Phakathi kwazo kukhona kokubili abahlali basolwandle nabasemfuleni. Bahlukile phakathi kwabo hhayi ngokubukeka kuphela, kodwa nangendlela abondliwa ngayo.
Bheka ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni Flounder:
- Stellate. Lo mmeleli wasolwandle ubonakala ngokuhlelwa kwamehlo kwesobunxele, okuyisenzeko esingajwayelekile kubameli beKambalovs. Umbala womzimba onsundu, omnqumo noma onsundu-luhlaza okotshani. Lo mmeleli uthole igama lakhe ngenxa yephethini elihle elingemuva nangama-ventral fins. Zifana nezinkanyezi. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wakhe singama-55 cm, futhi isisindo sakhe singama-4-4,5 kg.
- Umuntu ophuzi ophuzi. Uzizwa ekhululekile emanzini abandayo. Iphila impilo esebenzayo. Ukuzingela kubuye kuholele egazini elibandayo. Ukulindela izinhlanzi ezincane nabamele abahlukahlukene kakhulu wosuku lolwandle. Isici esihlukile salokhu okunhlobonhlobo ukwakheka okuyindilinga komzimba nezinsika ezizungeze lonke uhlangothi olungakwesokunene lwesikhumba. Umbala uphuzi, eduze kwegolide. Ubude bomphangi wolwandle bungamasentimitha angama-50, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthakazelisa, inesisindo esingama-1-1.3 kg kuphela.
- Okuvamile. Ummeleli weKambalovs, otholakala kabanzi olwandle, une-tint brown, lapho imibuthano ebomvu ihlakazeka khona. Lo mmeleli unekhono elikhuliswe kahle lokufihla. Umuntu osemdala ukhula abe imitha eli-1 ku-dyne, futhi abe nesisindo esingama-6.7-7 kg.
- Ulwandle Olumnyama. Elinye igama nguKalkan. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolunqabile, ngakho-ke lubhalwe ku-Red Book. I-Black Sea flounder inezinto ezinqabile ezihlelwa ngakwesobunxele. Umzimba uyindilinga, unombala onsundu omnyama onamachashazi. Isici esiyinhloko seKalkan ngameva. Zitholakala emzimbeni wonke, kepha iningi lazo lingakwesokunene (ibala elingaboni). Isidlwengu sikhula sifike kumitha eli-1 ubude, sibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-20 kg.
- Ebukhosini. Leli gama izinhlanzi ezitholwe ngokufanele. Unombala omnyama ocebile namabala abomvu akhanyayo emzimbeni wonke. Umsila, njengasezinhlotsheni eziningi, awuzalanga. Isikali sincane futhi sihle. Amathambo angenawo amathambo amancane. Inyama yakhe inethembile, imnandi futhi inempilo, ayaziswa ngayo ekuphekeni. Kusatshalaliswa emanzini kusuka eNorway kuya eSiberia. Ubude 35 cm, isisindo cishe 4 kg.
- Kamchatka. Kubizwa nangokuthi "ushukela." Izigqila zathola igama lesibili elinjalo ukunambitheka kwekhefi. Ihlala ogwini lweNhlonhlo yeKamchatka. Umbala uphuzi, futhi usondele kakhulu kumbala welamula. "Engxenyeni engaboni" isikhumba siphuzi. Ubude ngamasentimitha angama-40-45, isisindo esingama-5 kg.
- Polar. Lo mmeleli wasolwandle uzizwa kahle endaweni ebandayo. Uma izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngenhla kwe-zero, kuye lezi yizimo ezingemnandi vele. Umzimba uphakeme, okusaqanda. Umbala wesikhumba ungumnqumo, eduze nohlaza okotshani. Amaphisi abomvu.
I-Far Eastern flounder isithombe esihlangene, hhayi uhlobo olulodwa kuphela. Kubandakanya inqwaba yezinhlanzi eziningi ezibukeka zifana. Kubandakanya i-star flounder, i-yellowfin, i-white-beleed, i-halibut. Indawo yokusabalalisa - iMpumalanga Ekude. Isisindo siyahlukahluka kuye ngommeleli, kusuka ku-250 g kuya ku-4,5 kg.
Okufakiwe ekudleni
Ukondliwa kohlobo ngalunye lokudla kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile - ezinye phakathi nosuku, ezinye ebusuku. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-flounder ithanda ukudla kwezilwane, kepha uma bekungenakwenzeka ukubamba noma yini, ingaba nokuluma nezimila noma abanye abamele izilo. Kungaba izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-arthropods amancane, izibungu, i-algae.
Ukudla okuthandayo kwe-flounder yi-capelin ne-shrimp. Ngenxa yamazinyo abukhali nomlomo osontekile, izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukugedla kalula igobolondo lezakhamuzi zasemanzini futhi zizidle.
Izitha
I-Flounder ibaluleke kakhulu kwezimboni, ngakho-ke, isitha sayo esiyingozi kunazo zonke umuntu. Nsuku zonke, inamba enkulu yale nhlanzi ibanjwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kokuthi umuntu uthwala ingozi enkulu empilweni yakhe, abahlali bamanzi nabo abayithandi into yokudlela ikhebula lakhe. Isitha endaweni yemvelo yi-eel ne-halibut.
Futhi uma konke kucace nge-eel, ngoba kuyisisulu esidla izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, khona-ke i-halibut ibukeka kakhulu njengeflounder, futhi abanye bayibheka njenge-subspecies yomndeni wakwaFlounder. Kepha empeleni, i-halibut ayihlobene ne-founder, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukuncintisana.
Ukudoba nge-flounder kusuka esikebheni
Ukuze ukudoba kulethe ukubamba, umdobi ongenalwazi udinga ukuthatha izeluleko ezithile.
Ngakho-ke okudingeka ukwenze ukuthola indiza:
- Isipinashi singasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kulokhu ngisho nasebusika kufanelekile.
- Ubukhulu bomugqa wokudoba wokuqunjelwa kufanele kukhethwe u-0,6 mm, kube ukuvuza okungu-0,35 mm.
- Ngendlela yokugibela, ungasebenzisa izinhlanzi ezincane, futhi, zizonke, nezicucu, izibungu, ama-clams amancane.
- Ukudoba okungajulile kubandakanya ukuphonsa iheyili eceleni. Ukuphonsa okuphindekile kufanele kwenziwe kolunye uhlangothi. Ekujuleni, ibheji yethulwa ibe umugqa we-plumb.
- Ngemuva kokuluma, ungaqiniseka ukuthi i-flounder yahlala kulokho okugwetshwe khona, ngoba umlomo wakhe awunamandla kuphela, kepha futhi usontekile.
- Udinga ukuthatha ihhuku nawe uye esikebheni, ngoba uma ukwazi ukubamba iflakisi eshinini, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukulikhipha.
Abadobi abaningi baphupha ngokubamba indiza. Ukuze ukudoba kuphumelele, udinga ukukhetha indawo enhle futhi uthathe wonke amagiya afanele nawe.
I-Flounder yinhlanzi enempilo. Inyama yayo inokunambitheka okumangazayo, futhi iqukethe izinto eziwusizo emzimbeni. Ku-100 g, ama-kcal angama-90 kuphela. Ngaphezu kokubanjwa ngezinga lezimboni, ama-amateurs ajwayelekile nawo ayazingela. Futhi lokhu kusongela ukunciphisa inani labantu.
Unesikhathi esingakanani ube ne-CATCH enkulu kakhulu?
Ugcine nini ukubamba inqwaba yamaphayiphu / IZINYEMPILO / imizimba?
Ngaso sonke isikhathi sifuna ukuthola umphumela wokudoba - ukubamba hhayi ama-perch amathathu, kodwa amaphayile ekhilogremu ambalwa - lokhu kuzoba ukubanjiswa! Ngamunye wethu uphupha ngalokhu, kepha akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kanjani.
Ukubamba okuhle kungatholakala (futhi siyakwazi lokhu) sibonga ngebheti elihle.
Ingalungiswa ekhaya, ungathenga ezitolo zokudoba. Kepha ezitolo kuyabiza, futhi ukupheka isheyiphu ekhaya, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, futhi, kahle kakhulu, kude nokuhlala njalo kubagi yekhaya isebenza kahle.
Uyakwazi ukudumazeka lapho uthenga ibheyithi noma uyipheke ekhaya futhi ubamba iminsalo emithathu noma emine?
Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa umkhiqizo womsebenzi owenziwe ngempela, ukusebenza kwawo okufakazelwe ngokwesayensi nangokuzijwayeza emifuleni nasemachibini aseRussia?
Vele, kungcono ukuzama kanye kunokuzwa amahlandla ayinkulungwane. Ikakhulu manje - inkathi uqobo lwayo! Isaphulelo esingu-50% lapho uku-oda kuyibhonasi enhle!
Izitha zemvelo
Okuxakile ngokwanele, kepha isitha esikhulu se-flounder yindoda. Nsuku zonke emhlabeni jikelele, abadobi babamba ithoni lale nhlanzi. Kepha ngaphandle komuntu, phansi olwandle, i-flounder nayo ingasaba abanye abamele izilo, ikakhulukazi i-eel ne-halibut.
Konke kucace bokuqala, kodwa okwesibili kuyadukisa. Ososayensi bahlukene phakathi. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi i-halibut luhlobo lwendabuko yefounder futhi ayinakuba yisitha sayo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Abanye bambheka inhlanzi ezishayayo. Eqinisweni, akuyona okuyi-subspecies yayo, ngakho-ke bangancintisana kahle.
Njalo ngonyaka, abamele umndeni we-blounder baya ngokuya bencipha. Naphezu kokuzala okuphezulu kwezinsikazi, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamaqanda azo awasali. Le nhlanzi ibanjwa ngamathani nsuku zonke, futhi kukho konke lokhu, abamele umhlaba wezilwane bayidonsa.
Le nkinga ihlala ingenaso isixazululo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomthelela womuntu emvelweni, ulwandle nemifula eminingi kungcolile kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ezincane zifa ngani - ukudla kwefounder. Lokhu kunciphisa imvamisa yokuzala kwayo. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, inani labantu abazonqenqema lizokwehla kakhulu.
Ukubukeka
Abamele inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka baphila iminyaka engama-25-30 futhi banengaphandle eliqisayo, elingenangqondo, elenza kube lula ukubakhomba phakathi kwezinye izinhlanzi:
- isidumbu esicwebezelayo esizungezwe umsele omude namaphini we-anal onemisebe eminingi (cishe izingcezu ezingama-55),
- ikhanda le-asymmetric liphendukele kwesokunene (kaningi ngakwesokunxele),
- Amehlo we-convex asondelene kakhulu (asebenza ngokuzimela komunye nomunye), okudlula kuwo umugqa we-lateral,
- umlomo okhanyayo onamazinyo abukhali,
- uhlangothi olubonwa ngamehlo amnyama ngesembozo se-gill esakhiwe kahle nezikali ezincane zobukhulu,
- i-peduncle encane kakhulu ye-caudal enemali encane ngaphandle kwe-notch,
- uhlangothi olukhanyayo olungaboni ngesikhumba esiqinile.
Isithombo se-flounder ngaphandle sihlukile ku-fry yezinye izinhlanzi. Kepha njengoba bekhula, kuvela ama-metamorphose emvelo angasho lutho egebhezini. Iso nomlomo wesobunxele kancane kancane liqhubekela ohlangothini lwesokunene lwekhanda.
Izinhlanzi zidlulela ohlangothini oluyimpumputhe, oluthi lapho lufiphala, luqhakaze bese luqala ukudlala indima yesisu esishubile ngokulele phansi, ngenkathi kugcinwa umsebenzi wesembozo sesibili se-pectoral ne-gill. Ngezimo eziguqukayo, ezingejwayelekile (umfudlana womfula), inqubo yoshintsho yenzeka ohlangothini oluhlukile - kusukela kwesokudla uye kwesobunxele.
Ukusinda, i-founder isungule indlela enamandla yokulingisa imvelo. Ngenxa yokulingisa, ngekhono uzifihla kunoma yisiphi isizinda esiyinkimbinkimbi, esingaphansi kuleli khono kuya ku-chameleon.
Ngenye yezivivinyo, izazi zezilwane zabeka isitho sangasese ekhejini elimnyama nelimhlophe e-aquarium. Kungekudala, kwavela amabala amnyama nokukhanya okulula emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.
I-river flounder
Inqwaba yabantu, kodwa imbi ngokuhlobene ne-taxa, uhlobo lwePlatochys flesus lwatuswa ngempumelelo ukuze luhlale unomphela emanzini amasha anosawoti. Ihluka ngomzimba oyindilinga kanye nezinsimbi emugqeni we-lateral. Uhlangothi olubonayo lunombala onsundu onsundu noma omnqumo onsundu onamachashazi aphuzi namachashazi amnyama. Izokhula ibe ngu-3 kg ubude bomzimba ongu-50 cm.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele, ukwenziwa kweziqongo kwefounder kumele kutholakale njalo kufakwa i-oxygen entsha ngenxa yokushayela kukholamu yamanzi (i-pelagic roe). Kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela endaweni enosawoti omningi (kusuka ku-10 ppm). Emifuleni enamanzi amnandi, izibungu azihlali zigcwele ukudla, zicwila phansi bese zifa, ngakho-ke, inhlanzi iya olwandle ukuyokhula.
I-Baltic epholile enechibi elinwebekile, usawoti ophansi (11-12%), ugu olude, ukujula okulinganiselayo kwama-30-50 m nesizinda esicebile semifino ilungele lezi zinhloso. Ukubukwa komfula kubizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yi-Baltic flounder ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okubanzi endaweni engasogwini, imifula egeleza nolwandle.
I-Star flounder
Uhlobo lwePlantthys stellatus luhlala emanzini asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific (iBering, Okhotsk, Chukchi, uLwandle lwaseJapan). Uhlobo lwamanzi acwebile luhlala ezindlini zamachibi, emaphethelweni nasezindaweni eziphansi zemifula (amakhilomitha angama-150-200 ukusuka emlonyeni). Inokuhleleka kwamehlo kwesobunxele, umbala omnyama (oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu), imicu emnyama ebanzi emafini namapuleti afakwe ngesimo sezinkanyezi ohlangothini lwamehlo. Ngenxa yobubanzi bawo, itekisi laziwa nangokuthi iPacific River Flounder. Usayizi ojwayelekile wenhlanzi ungama-50-60 cm futhi anesisindo esingu-3-4 kg. Izimo zokubamba abantu abakhulu abanesisindo esingu-7-9 kg (75-90 cm) azijwayelekile.
Ulwandle Olumnyama Kalkan
Inhlanzi ifana neflounder, kepha ingeyomndeni ohlukile we-scophthalmos (Scophthalmidae). Ihlala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic kanye nolwandle olumnyama, iBaltic nolwandle iMedithera. Ikhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-20 kg. Ihlukaniswa ilungiselelo leso langakwesobunxele, ukwakheka kwesimo esiyindilinga nenqwaba yama-spikes ashubile ahlakazeka phezu kobuso bonke ohlangothini olunombala onsundu. Ngokungezelela emvelweni yasolwandle, uzizwa emuhle ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Dnieper, Southern Bug, Dniester. Ngenxa yokwanda kukasawoti oLwandle i-Azov ngenxa yokuncipha kwemifula egelezayo, i-Black Sea flounder-kalkan yasakazeka emlonyeni weDon. Kukhona okumbalwa okuncane - i-Azov rhombus, ezokhula ubude bube ngama-40-45 cm.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
- Ukuthomba: kusuka eminyakeni engama-3-4.
- Ukuqhekeka: kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi (kuya ngokushisa kwamanzi).
- ICaviar: amaqanda afinyelela ezigidini ezimbili.
- Isikhathi sokufakwa: izinsuku eziyi-11.
I-flounder yomfula ihlala futhi idla emanzini amnandi, kepha izalela olwandle. Ukuhluma kwenzeka kumamitha angama-25- 40, kuthi amaqanda akhishwe emanzini aqale ukubhukuda kwikholamu lamanzi, futhi ngaphambi kokuthi i-metamorphosis icwengezele phansi, i-fry eqhawulwa kusuka emaqanda ihlala lapho ibondla khona ngezinto ezincane ze-planktonic. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, amehlo e-blounder asatholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda. Izibungu ze-Flounder zinesakhiwo somzimba esifanayo esifanayo nezinye izinhlanzi. Inhlanzi esekhulile ibekwe eceleni kolwandle ohlangothini lwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, iso lesokunxele likubhekisa engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba wezinhlanzi lube mnyama, bese izinsizwa zikhipha umoya ovela esithubeni sokubhukuda bese ucwila phansi. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, baphephela emanzini omfula angajulile.
I-Polar flounder
Izinhlobo ezimelana ne-Arctic (i-Liopsetta glacialis) ezinomzimba oqanda ongaphakathi wombala we-monophonic brown brown nombala wezitini wamaphiko. Prefers inhlabathi ethambile kasilika. Kuhlala olwandle lwaseKara, iBarents, iWhite, iBering ne-Okhotsk. Kusatshalaliswa ebusika ngaphansi kweqhwa, kumazinga okushisa amanzi angekho (kufika ku-1.5 ° C). Imvamisa, inkathi yemfudumalo efudumele ichitha imigwaqo engezansi enosawoti kancane emifuleni yeSiberia. Kutholakala yonke indawo eKara, Yenisei, Ob, Tugur.
I-Flounder
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ezifuywayo zihlala zihlala endaweni enosawoti, ezizwa imnandi kakhulu eshalofini elingashoni nasogangeni lwamakhilomitha ambalwa. Babonakala ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu ngosayizi, ukwakheka komzimba, umbala wamawele, uhlangothi olubonwayo nolungaboni.
I-flounder ejwayelekile
I-base taxon (i-Pleuronectes platessa), ehlala emanzini angenawo amandla futhi anosawoti ngokuqinile (10- 40%) ekujuleni okungama-30-200 m, kuyinto ebalulekile yokudoba. Kuhlala i-East Atlantic, iMedithera, iMhlophe, iBarents, iBaltic nolunye ulwandle. Umbala oyinhloko onsundu-luhlaza okotshani obomvu noma amabala owolintshi. Ikhula ibe ngu-6-7 kg, ubukhulu obukhulu bufika kumamitha ayi-1.
I-Flounder enamabala amhlophe
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezansi, ezikhula zibe yingxenye yemitha. Ubungako bokudotshwa okuncane kungamasentimitha angama-21. Izici zokubonakala - umugqa ocijile, oxutshwe kamuva, umbala wobisi wohlangothi olumpumputhe, umbala onsundu noma okolweni ngokombala. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi:
- I-Southern blound-bellies flounder (Lepidopsetta bilineata mochigarei) - ihlala endaweni engasogwini yePrimorye kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan.
- INyakatho (iLepidopsetta bilineata bilineata) - emanzini aseKamchatka, e-Okhotsk naseBering Seas. Zombili zakha izifunda ezinkulu eMgungundwini kaPeter the Great (eningizimu yePrimorsky Krai) neTatar Strait, ehlukanisa iSakhalin ezweni elingumhlaba.
I-Yellowfin flounder
Uhlobo oluthanda ukubanda (i-Limanda aspera) luvela kuhlobo lwe-limanda, oluvame oLwandle i-Okhotsk, Japan kanye nolwandle iBering. Izinhlanzi eziningi zisogwini olusentshonalanga lweKamchatka neSakhalin. Ithanda ukujula kwamamitha ayi-15-80, lapho inamathela khona enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Amanye amagama ajwayelekile asetekisini - ama-prickly limanda nama-flounder chervonets - anikezwa ngenxa yezikali ezinameva nomzimba onsundu oyindilinga owakhiwe ngamaphini aphuzi egolide. Ubukhulu obukhulu bube yi-45-50 cm ngesisindo esingama-0.9-1.0 kg.
I-halibut
Ngozalo ezintathu, izinhlobo ezi-5 zitholakala ezihlala emanzini ase-Atlantic kanye namanzi ashubile olwandle lwePacific kanye ne-Arctic Ocean (Barents, Okhotsk, Bering, uLwandle lwaseJapan). Amasayizi amakhulu kakhulu ama-halibut amhlophe (Pacific - Hippoglossus stenolepis, Atlantic - Hippoglossus stenolepis), ekhula ibe ngu-450 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-350 kg.
Ummeleli omncane kakhulu wohlobo yi-halibut yomcibisholo (i-American - Atheresthes stomias, i-Asia - i-Atheresthes evermanni), akuvamile ukuthola isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-7-8 ubude obungamasentimitha angama-70-80. Isici esiyisisekelo se-taxon esiyisikali, njengasesibonelweni (esinamabala amakhulu asezinhlangeni). ) nakwezimpumputhe (i-cycloid enomphetho obushelelezi). I-halibut ephakathi i-halibut emnyama (i-Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), okuyi-35 kuya ku-40 kg irekhodi elikhuphuke ngo-125-130 cm
Isigqi esikhulu
Enye inhlanzi, efana neflounder, imele umndeni wamaKalkan - i-sea pheasant, noma i-turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), enomzimba omkhulu ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa izikali. Esikhundleni salokho, imvelo ihlinzeke ngomshini ovikelayo osendaweni yamathambo amaningi. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwama-fins nobukhulu bawo obuvelele (ubude bufika kumitha eyi-1), inhlanzi yaziwa nangokuthi i-rhombus enkulu. I-Marine pheasant yizinhlobo zezentengiselwano ezibalulekile futhi ikhule ngokuqinile emapulazini eSpain, ePortugal, eFrance, e-Iceland naseChina. Ibanga lemvelo le-flounder-turbot lifaka izilwandle iBaltic, iNyakatho, nezaseMedithera.
Isoli
Igama lesayensi lezinhlobo usawoti waseYurophu (Solea solea). Izinhlanzi ze-thermophilic zingezakho okungowokuzalwa kweSoleidae futhi zihlala empumalanga ye-Atlantic, Red, Mediterranean, South China, Baltic and Black Seas. Ikhula ibe ngu-65-70 cm enesisindo esingu-2,5-3.0 kg. Inesimo sokudla okubabayo emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yenyama ethe xaxa, emnandi futhi enamakha enamathambo amancane. Usawoti wase-Europe ubonakala ngomzimba owenziwe waba namaqabunga anqabile, ohlanganiswe nekhanda le-asymmetric ngomlomo ohlabayo kanye neso langakwesokudla. Uhlangothi oluboniwe lupendwe ngombala onsundu onsundu onamachashazi amaningi amnyama futhi lumbozwe ngezikali ezincane.
Ngaphansi kwegama lokuhwebelana "Ulimi lwasolwandle" abathengisi abangathembekile bavame ukungathengisi kuphela izihlungi ze-flatfish ezingabalulekanga kangako, kodwa futhi ne-pangasium catfish, ngokuvamile abameleli bamanzi amhlophe ichthyofauna.
Habitat nendlela yokuphila yeflounder
Ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo, izinhlanzi ezibushelelezi zafinyeleleka ngempumelelo kulo lonke ugu lwase-Eshiya nolwandle olwandle. UFlounder uzizwa emkhulu ngezimo zasolwandle abaNsundu, i-Azov, iCaspian nezaseMedithera, esimweni sezulu sezulu solwandle saseBaltic, North kanye neNorway. Izinhlobo eziningi zizivumelanise namanzi amancane anosawoti ngisho namanzi asemifuleni ngokufinyelela ogwini. Kepha izingxenye ezibandayo zemvelo zasePacific nase-Arctic Oceans - amaKara, iChukchi, eJapan, iBering, i-Okhotsk, kanye nolwandle lwaseBarents - zicebile kakhulu ezinhlanzini ezi-flounder.
I-Flounders ihola indlela yokuphila yangaphansi eyedwa, ngokuzifihla njengombala wendawo ezungezile (ukulingisa). Isikhathi esiningi inhlanzi ichitha ilele phezu komhlaba noma igeleza amehlo emigodini ephansi. Ukuzifihla okungokwemvelo okunjalo kunengqondo kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuxazulula imisebenzi emibili yokusinda - ukubamba inyamazane kusuka ekuqamekeleni futhi ukuze kungadliwa ngabazingeli abakhulu.
Naphezu kokuhamba kancane okubonakalayo kanye nomkhuba wokuhamba ujikeleze phansi ngenxa yokunyakaza okufana namagagasi, i-flounder iyisazi esihle sokubhukuda. Iqala ngaso leso sikhathi futhi iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu amabanga amafushane. Uma kunesidingo, "bamba" ngokwangempela umzimba ngamamitha ambalwa endaweni efanele, ukhulule umsinga onamandla wamanzi ungene ezansi ngokusebenzisa isembozo gill ohlangothini olungaboni. Ngenkathi ukumiswa okuqinile kwesilika nesihlabathi kuhleli, inhlanzi ziyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane noma ukucasha kumzingeli onamandla.
Ngabe kudlani?
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamatekisi, umsebenzi wokuphakelayo ungavela kusihlwa, ebusuku noma kube semini. Ukudla kuqukethe ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane. Ama-flounders amasha adla kuma-benthos, worms, amphipods, izibungu, crustaceans, ne-caviar. Abantu abadala badla ama-ophiuras namanye ama-echinoderms, izinhlanzi ezincane, izilwane ezingenamsoco, ama-crustaceans kanye nezibungu. I-Flounder to shrimp ne-capelin ayihlukile ikakhulukazi.
Indawo yendawo ekhanda ikulungele kahle ukuqunjelwa okuvela emgobolondweni womhlabathi ophila ngokuqina kobunaphansi, ishiye ama-siphons okuphefumula ngaphezulu. Amandla emihlathini ye-toothy makhulu kangangokuba izinhlanzi zingabhekana kalula namagobolondo aminyene obukhulu bama-cardiids (cores) namagobolondo crab. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukudla okulinganiselayo kokudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kunquma inani eliphezulu labo bonke abamele iPleuronectidae.
Ukuqhuma kwendiza
Amatekisi ngamunye anesikhathi sawo sokuhlanza futhi ancike esifundeni, isikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, kanye nezinga lokushisa kwamanzi (kufinyelela + 2-5 ° C). Isikhathi esivamile sokuzala kwezinhlobo eziningi singena esikhathini kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile - i-turbo (i-Rhombus enkulu) iyaqala ukusatshalaliswa eBaltic naseNyakatho Seas ngo-Ephreli-Agasti, bese kuthi iziqobana ezinamakhaza ziqhume kuKara naseBarents Seas ngoDisemba-Januwari.
Ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka we-3-7 wokuphila. Abesifazane babonakala nge-fecundity ephezulu; i-clutch eyodwa ingaqukatha amaqanda ama-pelagic angama-0.5-2 wesikhathi sokufakwa kwezinsuku eziyi-11-14. Njengesizathu sokunwebeka, izindawo ezigudle u- (7-15 m) ezisogwini ezinesihlabathi esaphansi zikhethiwe, noma iflounder iphuma ngempumelelo ekujuleni kwama-50 m ngenxa yokudla okuphezulu kokubumbeka nokungabikho kwesidingo sokuyinamathisela endaweni engaphansi. Fry ezintantayo inesakhiwo esime mpo esinezinhlangothi ezakhiwe ngokulinganayo. I-Zooplankton kanye ne-benthos encane isebenza njengesisekelo sokudla okunempilo.
Inyama ye-Flounder ne-caviar - izuzisa futhi ilimaze
Inhlanzi inokuswakama okunobuthi, nokunambitheka nokunambitheka okumnandi. Ngenxa yobunjalo befomu, lapho usika, hhayi umbhangqwana uyatholakala, kodwa izingxenye ezi-4 ezinwele. Inani lokudla okunomsoco we-flounder lingama-90 kcal nge-100 g .. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwalo okuphansi kwekhalori kanye ne-aspartic ne-glutamic acid, inyama yenhlanzi eyisicaba iyingxenye yezokudla nokuvuselela ukudla. Enye inzuzo ye-flounder yizinto eziwusizo ezidingekayo umzimba:
- Amaprotheni anokugaya kalula (15 g),
- thiamine (0.14 mg), riboflavin (0.15 mg), pyridoxine (0.12 mg),
- amavithamini B12 (1,2 μg), B9 (6 μg), D (2.8 μg), C (1 μg),
- potassium (320 mg), calcium (45 mg), phosphorus (180 mg), iodine (50 mcg),
- ithusi (110 μg), i-fluorine (430 μg), isibabule (190 mg).
Ngenxa yezimpawu nezindawo zayo zokudla esiswini, inyama yeflounder ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kanye nendlela yokulawula imetabolism nesisindo, yehlise izinga le-cholesterol “embi” egazini, ukukhulisa umthamo wokusebenza nokungavikeleki, ukuvuselela izinqubo zokuvuselela amandla emisipha, esikhunjeni kanye nasezinweleni.
Inhlanzi iboleka ngokuphelele ekuphathweni okwenziwa umusi, ukubilisa, ukomisa, ukuthosa, ukubhema, ukubhaka, ukubhaka kuhhavini naku-grill. Kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinobumnene ukuze ukuvezwa isikhathi eside okushisayo kungabhubhisi amavithamini nokuceba ukunambitheka. Izitsha ezinama-Steam ziwusizo ezinganeni, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanezinkinga zepheshana lesisu kanye nokudla okunemetabolism. Izici ezinhle kakhulu zegastronomic zine-coundar caviar. Inamaprotheni amaningi (> 20%) futhi ingumthombo wamaprotheni omuhle, ngenkathi igcina okuqukethwe okukhaliphile komkhiqizo (80 kcal nge-100 g). Izindlela ezidumile zokwenza i-caviar ziwusawoti nokuthosa.
Contraindication
Kepha ungathathi inzuzo yomhlaba wonke yezinhlanzi zefounder zomzimba njengeqiniso. Kunokuphikisana okudinga ukucatshangelwa ngaphambi kokudla kwasolwandle:
- ukungabekezelelani,
- iminyaka yengane kuze kube unyaka ongu-1,
- Izifo zesibindi nohlelo lwe-excretory ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo wezinso kanye nesinye.
Ikakhulu lezi zidingo zisebenza ezinhlanzini ezinosawoti, ezigcina uketshezi emzimbeni futhi zivuse ukuvuvukala. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokucophelela izitsha zokubhema ezingaguqula ngendlela engemihle ukwakheka kobisi lukamama futhi zinikeze izinkinga ohlelweni lwenhliziyo.