Kulesi sithombe - iqembu le-Cranes yaseSiberia elinonyaka owodwa eNursery yezinhlobo zemvelo ezingandile ze-Oksky State Natural Biosphere Reserve. AmaStranesger Cranes young Cranes asalinde ukuthunyelwa e-tundra yeYamal-Nenets Okrug ukuyobuyisa inani labantu base West eSiberia ngalolu hlobo, olusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Wadalwa eminyakeni engama-40 edlule esifundeni saseRyazan, indawo enkulisa okuwukuphela kwesikhungo saseRussia sokuzalela imifula emhlophe.
Ama-cranes (kusuka yena. I-Storch - i-stork), noma ama-cranes amhlophe (I-Leucogeranus leucogeranus) - - izinyoni ezinkulu eziphakeme kufika ku-160 cm, zinezimpiko ezingaba ngamamitha amabili. Bahlala kuphela eRussia. Kuhlukaniswa izindimbili zabantu abasebenza emijondolo emhlophe. Isibalo sase-Ob noma seWest Siberian (hhayi abantu abangaphezulu kwama-20) siyindiza eNtshonalanga Siberia endaweni ye-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug eKunovat River Basin naseSifundeni saseTyumen. Inani labantu basempumalanga (isamba esingu-3,600-4,000 abantu) lisendaweni evundla yemifula yaseYana, Indigirka, ne-Alazeya eYakutia.
AmaStranes aseSiberia ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama omningi nenqwaba yamachibi. ENtshonalanga yeSiberia, lezi izikebhe ezingama-moss ezungezwe yihlathi elicindezelwe, eYakutia - amachibi akhiwe ezindaweni ezingenabantu - lacustrine depressions, ezivame ukukhukhula ezikhathini ezithile. Inani labantu baseNtshonalanga eSiberia lifuduka liye ebusika lidlula eNyakatho Kazakhstan, bese lidlula kumaVolga naseCaspian deltas liye enyakatho-empumalanga ye-Iran. Izakhamuzi ezisempumalanga zihlala ogwini lweLake Poinhu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zindiza amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-6.
Ama-cranes amhlophe esikhaleni. Izithombe ezivela kuwebhumandry.com
Ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zobusika nokufuduka kuba ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kuholele ekwehlekeni okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu abamhlophe. Ngaphezu kokuwohloka kwamaxhaphozi, ukuzingela, ukudoba ngobuningi, ukufa kwezinyoni ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokususa okusanhlamvu, kusuka ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo noma ngenxa yokushayisana kwezintambo zikagesi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke okushiywe yimigwaqo yaseSiberia ephazamisekile, futhi ukuzala okuphansi nakho kuyasiza. I-crane emhlophe ibhalwe ku-International Red Book njengohlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa (ngokubekeka engcupheni, CR).
Ukugcina izinhlobo nokubuyisa inani labantu baseNtshonalanga baseSiberia baseSiberia ngonyaka we-1974, kwaqalwa iphrojekthi ngokubambisana ne-International Crane Protection Fund (isisekelo se crane International, isixhumanisi esivela eRussia kungenzeka singavulwa), kamuva sabizwa nge-Operation Sterkh. ” Njengengxenye yalomsebenzi, ngonyaka we-1977, amaqanda amaCribe aseCanada alethwa evela ezindaweni zokudlela eYakutia e-International Crane Conservation Fund eWisconsin (e-USA) ukuzokwakha inani labantu abathunjiwe, ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuzala nokuvuselela kabusha inzalo zabakhokhoba abamhlophe eNtshonalanga yeSiberia.
Futhi ngonyaka we-1979, iNursery yezinhlobo zemvelo ezingandile zakhiwa e-Oksky Reserve ngenhloso efanayo. Eminyakeni yokuqala, amaqanda ama Crane aseSiberia nawo ezalethwa lapha evela ezindaweni zokudlela eYakutia. Ngenxa yezimo zesimo sezulu ezingxenyeni eziphindwe kabili zamaqanda emihubeni yaseSiberia, kuphela inyathi endala ehlala iphila, ngakho-ke onke amaqanda athunyelwa ezinkulisa athathwa ezidlekeni ezinjalo - eyodwa kwesinye.
Enye yamabhulokhi eNursery ezinhlobo zezikebhe ezingadingeki kumakhilogremu ngesisekelo se-Oka Reserve. Maphakathi nendawo kukhona amakamelo wasebusika wobusika, ohlukaniswe omunye komunye. Igumbi ngalinye lixhumeke kwi-aviary yasehlobo futhi lenzelwe umuntu oyedwa noma umbhangqwana.
Umnyombo wenani labantu baseSiberia Crane izidleke ngababili. Ama-cranes, njengawo wonke ama-cranes, ayiziphikiso, akhetha i-pair ngokucophelela, impilo, futhi angayishintsha kuphela uma umlingani efa. Emvelweni, imibhangqwana yakha ngesikhathi sobusika. E-Nursery, owesilisa nowesifazane babekwa ezindaweni ezikude ezivumela ukuthintana kokubukwayo. Uma kwenzeka kuthandwa nhlangothi zombili, izinyoni ziyavumelanisa kancane kancane ngokuziphatha kwazo: ziyondla, zilele futhi zivikele insimu ngasikhathi sinye. I-palegee yalesi senzo nophawu lwebhangqa ithathwa njengokukhala kwe-duet - owesilisa nowesifazane benza uchungechunge lwemisindo emifushane emifushane ehambisana nenye futhi izwakale sengathi le ngoma yenziwa ngumbala owodwa. Izwi le-Cranes yaseSiberia liyindodana ebabazekayo, liphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo zamakhreyidi, abanye balichaza ngokuthi "isiliva."
Ukukhala okuvumelanayo kombhangqwana omisiwe wojantshi abamhlophe. Ividiyo u-Alena Shurpitskaya
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho owesilisa, esebeleze emhlane sowesifazane, adinga ukumhlanganisa imizuzwana embalwa, bobabili bagcina ngokulingana ngosizo lwamaphiko. Uma omunye wabalingani alimala imilenze, kanye nasendaweni yesidoda esezingeni eliphansi enkulisa, kuyenzeka ukufakwa kokufakelwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi insikazi ingabeka amaqanda kuphela uma kunokuxhumana okubonakalayo nowesilisa amkhethile.
I-Cranes yaseSiberia, iduna livame ukuba likhulu kunensikazi. Indawo emnyama entanyeni ibonakala ngokucacile - lapho ama-Cranes aseSiberia esekulungele ukukhula, asebenzisa uqhwaku ukufaka insimbi engaphansi kwentamo ngodaka. Izihlahla ezincane zivimba izinyoni ukusheshisa futhi zigijimele egreyini lapho izisebenzi zidlula. Esikhathini sezidleke, ama-Cranes aseSiberia angabhekwa njengosongekile noma odaliwe. Lesi silinganiso sivimbela ukulimala emqhonyeni nasemaphikweni.
Ngokuvamile abazali bafaka amaqanda maqondana namaqanda wesibili, lokhu kungaba ngabazali bokutholwa - elinye i-Cranes laseSiberia noma ngisho nemikhondo yohlobo oluhlukile. Uma kunesidingo, i-nursery isebenzisa izindlela zokufakelwa kokufakelwa.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-Cranes aseSiberia akha izidleke emigqonyeni ezungezwe amanzi. Izinduna ziyizakhiwo ezivela otshanini nyakenye ezine-induction encane phezulu lapho insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28- 32. Isikhathi esiningi isifazane sichitha esidlekeni. Ngezikhathi ezithile owesilisa uthatha indawo yakhe ukuze ayekele ukudla. Imibhangqwana emisha ivame ukwephula amaqanda ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi. E-nursery, esikhundleni samaqanda aphukile, imibhangqwana enjalo ifaka inkohliso esidlekeni ukuze iqeqeshe.
I-Female Siberian Crane ku-Nest
Ama-cranes amhlophe ayizinyoni eziyizifunda kakhulu: umbhangqwana owodwa endle ngesikhathi sokudlekwa uthatha amakhilomitha amaningi skwele (yize izinyoni zigcina emaphaketheni ngesikhathi sasebusika nasezindaweni zokuma ezifudukayo). Umuntu owephula umthetho wemingcele uqala ngokuxwayiswa ngokukhala, bese kuba ngokuziphatha okubonisayo. Ulingisa ukwakhiwa kwesidleke, agudluze amagatsha eduze kwakhe, bese elala phansi, kube sengathi kufudumala amanzi. Iziduna zigijimela ikakhulukazi ezithweni ezihamba kancane ngesivinini esikhulu, zisebenzisa uqhwaku olunamandla kanye nezinzipho ukuxosha umfokazi. Insikazi ngalesi sikhathi ifihla iphuphu (uma selivele labanjwa), liyimboza ngamaphiko.
Isidoda senduna yaseSiberia sixwayisa ngokumemeza nangendlela yokwephula imingcele yomndeni wakhe nokuzimisela ukuvikela
Izinsana zizalwa zinamehlo futhi zimbozwe nge-fluff ebomvu. Umbala obomvu ngokuphelele uyanyamalala bese ubekwa esikhundleni ngamapayipi amhlophe aneminyaka emithathu. Ababelethi bondla amachwane, bawanikeze ukudla kweqhwa ngomlomo wabo. Ngokwemvelo, ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu ngemuva kokuqokwa, umndeni ushiya isidleke uyofuna ukudla.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa ubudala stershonok
Inkukhu igcina eduze kukamama. Ubaba angabashiyela ukudla futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha ukuze abuyele emuva ukuze bangashiyi isidleke isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Ama-cranes adla ama-invertebrates amancane (ama-mollusks, izinambuzane nezibungu zawo), inhlanzi nezingxenye zezitshalo. Ebusika kanye nangesikhathi sokufuduka, kudliwa isitshalo. Bathola ukudla ngokuntywilisela amakhanda abo emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela engxenyeni yentamo yabo: Ama-Cranes aseSiberia ayimigwaqo emide kakhulu futhi enemikhawulo emide kakhulu. E-nursery, ama-cranes afakwa ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe okwenziwe ngomsoco kanye nokudla kwemvelo ngokufakwa kwama-vithamini kanye nezimbiwa, okulingisa ukubhukuda ngamabhakede.
Abazali-baseSiberia Cranes bayashintshana ukondla i-stershonka, bamkhethele izingcezu ezingcono. Zidle ngokulinganayo
Uma izidleke zikhuliswa ngabazali bohlobo oluhlukile, khona-ke kuvela inkinga yokufakwa uphawu - ukubekwa uphawu. Inkukhu ibheka abazali balabo ebabona ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqokwa, futhi, lapho ikhula, ikopisha ukuziphatha kwabo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo angaba nobunzima bokudala i-pair.
I-Pair of cranes yaseDaurian nge-foster sterchonk
Kepha sisekhona isikhathi sesibili sokufakelwa, iqala ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwendiza ineminyaka ecishe ibe izinyanga ezimbili. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu akhuliswa ngabazali abangabazali bohlobo oluhlukile ahlanganiswa emhlanjini onama-sturgeon aneminyaka efanayo akhuliswa ngojantshi abamhlophe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-Cranes amakhulu aseSiberia asemkhakheni wokubona amaphuphu, futhi ukufakwa kwamanje sekuvele kwenzeka kubantu bohlobo lwawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhlambi usungula ubudlelwane bendawo kanye nokuvumelanisa ejwayelekile kwamaCrongo aseSiberia asencane. Eminyakeni yonyaka owodwa, izinyoni eziqinile nezinempilo zizokuthweswa iziqu.
Une-Crane waseSiberia oneminyaka ubudala. Kusekhona iplamu elibomvu
Emvelweni, ngesikhathi sobusika bokuqala nangesikhathi sokufuduka, inkukhu ihlala nabazali bayo, futhi lapho ibuyela ezingxenyeni ezidlekayo, ineminyaka engaba unyaka, ukukhula okuncane kuqoqwa ngamaqembu angaphandle kwezindawo zokuzalanisa amabele. Ama-cranes afinyelela ekuthweni eneminyaka yobudala engama-3-4.
Indlela yokulima engayedwa yabuye yasetshenziswa enkulisa njengengxenye yephrojekthi yeFlight of Hope. Umsebenzi owayegqoke isudi emhlophe efihle umuntu ubedla amantshontsho - kwenzeka kuye. Okondla, kwakusetshenziswa ithuluzi elilingisa uqhwaku loMqhele waseSiberia.
Umsebenzi we-reservation wondla i-stershonka. Iphrojekthi yeFlight of Hope icabanga ukuthi iphupho elizotholwa liyobe selindizela ngemuva kwe-hangider eline-"mzali" ezindleleni ezifudukayo. Izithombe ezivela blog.ufa-lib.ru
Ngemuva kwalokho amachwane aqeqeshwa ukundiza ngemuva kwe-hangider glider. Kuqala babenenkampani ebizwa ngokuthi "umzali", bajwayela isileli esime emhlabathini saze savulwa injini, ngemuva kwalokho umshayeli oqeqeshiwe owayegqoke isudi efanayo emhlophe waqhuba izindiza nabo. Umqondo wokuqeqeshwa okunjalo kwam amaphuphu ngosizo lwe-hang glider uvele okokuqala e-United States futhi wavivinywa ngempumelelo kuma-cranes aseMelika. Ama-cranes awazange aqophe indlela yokufuduka kumemori yofuzo yabo; abazali bayibonisa ezinyonini ezincane. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-hangider glider kwadingeka iholele amachwane abekwe kuwo kusukela enkulisa kuyo yonke indlela yokufuduka - isuka ezindaweni zokudlela zabantu abamhlophe crane ethafuleni laseKunovat ukuya endaweni ebusika. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi awukaqedelwa: ubunzima buqhamuka lapho bewela khona imingcele yezifunda ezisendleleni yemikhondo emhlophe (ngakho-ke, kuhlelwa ukuthi kwakhiwe enye ubusika eningizimu ye-Uzbekistan), kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali.
Ama-Cranes aseSiberia asencane andiza ngemuva kwe-hang glider, ngo-2006. Iphrojekthi ye-Flight of Hope iphefumulelwe isipiliyoni esiphumelelayo sabaseMelika ekuholeni ojantshi abasha baseMelika endleleni yokufuduka. Izithombe ezivela kumbiko: A. G. Sorokin et al. Operation Sterkh ekuthuthukisweni
Kuze kube manje, enkulisa yase-Oksky Reserve, ngaphezu kwe-Siberiaan Cranes, zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezidalwa ezihlala esidlekeni saseRussia nazo ziyagcinwa: iDemoiselle Crane, Grey, Black, Daurian, Canadian kanye neJapan Cranes - cishe izinyoni ezingama-60 sezizonke, okuyi-Cranes yaseSiberia engaba ngu-40, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyi-10 umusi Minyaka yonke, izisebenzi zasenkulisa zilungiselela ukukhululwa ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-10 ezindaweni ezihlala izidleke endaweni yase Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area nasezindaweni zokuma kwabantu abafudukayo e-Astrakhan Reserve kanye nase-Beloozersky Reserve eningizimu yeSifunda iTyumen.
Konke, konke engangikuthanda ama-Pts Pts!
Futhi iqiniso lokuthi ngempilo yonke, nokuthi livumelanisiwe kanjani, nokuthi bacula kanjani ndawonye, nokuthi i-pantomime yesilisa isitshela kanjani ukuthi onogada besidleke, nokuthi izingane zisiza kanjani izihlahla, nokuthi izimpaphe ze-beige zabancane, futhi ngokujwayelekile u-Alena wethu othandekayo, wathandana nami Ama-Cranes aseSiberia!
Ngiyabonga, kusukela kulesi sihloko umuzwa wohlobo oluthile lokuphana, othunyelwe kanjalo, kahle!)
Kwavela imibuzo eminingana ngenqubo yokufunda. Ziwumqondo ohluke ngokuphelele:
1 kungani izinyoni, ezingakaze zibe khona eJalimane, zibizwa ngegama lethu lesiJalimane? Alikho igama lendawo?
2 kungani umbhali engenasiqiniseko sokuthi isiza sesikhwama sokuvikelwa kwe-crane samazwe omhlaba sivulwa kusuka kumakhompiyutha aseRussia - ingabe isikhwama sokuvikela (noma iwebhusayithi yaso) sinazo izinkinga ngokuqaliswa komthetho waseRussia?
Kumele ngisho ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi bekulula kimi ukuvula, kepha angisoze ngakwenza izinguquko kunombolo yekhompyutha yami
3 Kwenziwa ini ngama-breakers amaqanda angenalwazi:
FUTHI)
"Ngabe bathola amaqanda dummy ngaphambi kokubhidliza eyokuqala?"
"Noma balinde ukuthi kudilizwe, kanti uma bechotshozwa, bakhipha amanga?"
"Noma balinde ukuthi ibekwe, futhi uma leli kuyiqanda lokuqala, lizothathelwa indawo ngumkhohliso?"
B) kusiza kanjani inkohliso
- ingabe ihlala isikhathi eside, ayisiqobeki futhi ijwayela nje izinyoni ekwakhekeni nasezingeni leqanda?
(Lapho-ke ingozi isala yokuthi abazali abangenalwazi bazoba nenkani naye futhi baqhubeke bachobole iqanda langempela)
-iyintekenteke futhi umsebenzi wayo kufanele ichotshozwe yizinyoni ukuze ziqonde ukuthi kuqikelela kangakanani ukuba neqanda
(Akukacaci futhi ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani - abakwenzayo nokuthi inyoni inyinyitheka kanjani, ukuthi ukushibilika kweqanda elinamanga kuyafana nokwesipho esilindelekile)
4 ngosuku lwesithathu umndeni ushiya isidleke ngokuphelele? Noma uqala ukuthatha "ukuhamba", ubuya ebusuku?
noma kunjalo, kubonakala sengathi, bekukhona imibuzo, kepha manje sebephumile ekhanda lami.
Yuri, ngiyabonga kakhulu ngempendulo, ngijabule kakhulu! Mina ngokwami ngathandana nabakwaCrimea baseSiberia, yize bengezona izingqondo ezinhle futhi zishesha, ngokwesibonelo, ngabakwaDaurian. Kepha banginqoba masinyane, mhlawumbe ngamandla abo))
Igama, okungenani ngesiLatini, walinikwa isazi sezilwane sasePrussia uPeter Pallas, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi wababiza ngokuthi amaStranes aseSiberia. E-Russia babizwa nangokuthi ama-cranes amhlophe, nasemazweni akhuluma isiNgisi - ama-cranes ase-Siberian noma eqhwa. Kepha "ama-Siberiaan Cranes" amafushane futhi, njengoba kubonakala kimi, akhombisa ukubukeka kwawo nomlingiswa wawo.
Yize imvelo yazo ihlukile. Imvamisa, abesilisa ngesikhathi sokudlekwa bayimpi kakhulu, kuthi kwesinye isibili, ubaba uphuthume ngokungenankosi ezivakashini ezingamenywanga ngendlela yezisebenzi ezilethe ukudla. Kubukeka sengathi uthathe izinsongo njengokusongela, futhi akazange avume ukuba asondele, kepha wayengekho eshesha ukubaxosha. Futhi umlingani wakhe wayethatha isinqumo esithe xaxa futhi wayevame ukumcindezela ezenzweni ezisebenzayo. Lapho ngingenakukwazi ukukubamba ngamnika ukukhahlela, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kusamele asihlasele))
Angazi ngesiza se-IFJ, lokhu kungezwa kusihleli.
Esikhundleni seqanda eliphukile, babeka isimumu ukuze abazali abancane baqeqeshe. Leli yiqanda lokhuni. Owesifazane uyaqonda ukuthi iqanda lakhe liyinto ebalulekile, ngoba walibeka, futhi uzama ukuliphatha ngokucophelela. Kepha konke kuyenzeka. Kepha obaba abancane abaqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi iyini le nto, futhi ngenxa yelukuluku, bangayifaka ngesibambo ngomlomo wayo. Noma ukuvikela isidleke, hlala kuso bese usichoboza, ungabali amandla.
Lokho mayelana nokubuyela esidlekeni ngemuva kokuhamba, ngiyavuma, ngikhohliwe ukuhlola nabasebenzi. Cishe kungenzeka bangakwazi ukubuya, bahamba amabanga amade ngosuku, iphuphu nabo, ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukubuya.
Bangamakhubalo! Ubaba, kubonakala kimi, wakhombisa ukushesha okusheshayo - ukuqonda ukuthi laba bantu ngeke balicasule leli chizi. Futhi umama - ngaphansi kwethonya lama-stereotypes!) Ngabe ushaye iqonde?)) Noma ngandlela-thile ngomlomo wakhe lapho, angazi, ngamabele.
Noma kunjalo akucaci ukuthi iqanda elinzima lingafundiswa kanjani ukuba lihlanzeke. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngeke kwephule ngesikhathi sokuphathwa okunzima, okusho ukuthi, kunalokho, kungajwayela izenzo ezinjalo ukuthi iqanda langempela lizokonakalisa.
Kungumqondo ongajwayelekile ukunikela ngeqanda lokhuni futhi kuyamangaza ukuthi iyasebenza.
Uma umama nenkukhu engabuyeli esidlekeni, ibinzana elithi "Ubaba angahamba. Futhi lishesha ukubuya. Ngakho-ke lingasuki esidlekeni isikhathi eside." Kubhekiselwa ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala?
Ukhale umlenze oqondile?)) - yebo, ukukhahlelwa ngokwemvelo) Abasebenzi bathi imvamisa imenza abe njengaye. isibindi ngokuqonda kwakhe))
Noma kunjalo akucaci ukuthi iqanda elinzima lingafundiswa kanjani ukuba lihlanzeke. - Okokuqala, umzali wemvelo uvuka owesilisa, uma engavukanga ngokushesha. Okwesibili, umuntu ofaka i-clutch yakhe yokuqala ngeviki lesithathu ukwenze ngekhono ukwedlula usuku lwesithathu)) Kukhona ama-nuances amaningi wokusebenzisa i-simulator enjalo))
Uma umama nenkukhu engabuyeli esidlekeni, ibinzana elithi "Ubaba angahamba. Futhi lishesha ukubuya. Ngakho-ke lingasuki esidlekeni isikhathi eside." Kubhekiselwa ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala? - Cha, uhamba nabo emgudwini we-tundra, esiza ekondleni inkukhu. Ngisho isidleke sizimele impela ngokwemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza ukudla, cha, cha, yebo, ucezu oluhlwabusayo litholakala kumama nobaba)) Uhlala nabo kuze kube indiza elandelayo, futhi kwenzeka uma insikazi ngesizathu esithile ingazange ibekele amaqanda ngonyaka olandelayo, bese futhi isikhathi eside.