Inyoka yasemanzini ivame ukudidaniswa nesengezo ngenxa yombala wayo ongajwayelekile. Eqinisweni, le nyoka ayinobuthi futhi ayisihlukumezi. I-morph emnyama (enamanzi kakade) idonsela ukunaka kwabanikazi abaningi be-terrarium ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle. Cabanga ukubukeka, imikhuba, ububanzi kanye nezimpawu zokuqukethwe kwale nyoka.
Ukubukeka kanye nokuhlukaniswa
Amanzi vele angawomndeni asevele amabi, uhlobo lwenyoka. Le inyoka enkulu impela echitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, izingela izinhlanzi.
Ukuchazwa kwenyoka yamanzi kufanele kuqale ngezici zemibala nokwakheka komzimba. Isikali sinemibala yomnqumo noma onsundu. Amabala amnyama agxunyekwe emzimbeni. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala akha imivimbo emide emzimbeni. Indawo emnyama esime ngxantathu isendaweni engemuva lekhanda. Isisu sinombala obomvu noma owolintshi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona imicibisholo: inombala ofanayo womnqumo noma omnyama. Izinyoka ezinjalo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi. Amanzi angafinyelela ku-1,6 m ubude, yize ngokwesilinganiso ngokwemvelo lezi zinyoka zikhula cishe ngemitha ubude.
Ngaphansi komsila kukhona izihlangu eziqinile. Engxenyeni enkulu yomzimba, kunezikali ezi-19 ezikhonjiwe. I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa: abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Abesifazane baphila ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, kanti abesilisa - kuze kube ngu-11 ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, le nyoka ingaphila iminyaka engama-20.
Isibalo sesibeleko sinomumo obunjiwe we-oval, ikhanda liyancipha, ububanzi. Amehlo anomumo omncane we-convex, umfundi uqokonyiswa nge-iris ekhanyayo. Amehlo kanye namakhalenda kuguqulwa ukuze kubonwe kusuka ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Phambilini, okubhalwe phansi okulandelayo bekuhlukaniswa: N. t. IHydrus, N. t. Heinrothi. Kepha manje amanzi asevele ebhekwa njengohlobo lwe-monotypic.
Indawo
Amanzi yi-thermophilic. Izindawo zayo zokuhlala zitholakala eningizimu yeYurophu, empumalanga yeNyakatho Afrika, eCentral naseNtshonalanga Asia.
Inyoka ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwamachibi ezinhlanzi anabantu abaningi ngamanzi amancane wamanje noma aqinile. Uthanda izindawo ezinamadwala noma izikebhe zamadwala zezifufula. Ungahlangana nezinyoka zamanzi emachibini nabadala, ogwini lolwandle noma esiqhingini, emifuleni, emihosheni, emifuleni yezintaba. Inyoka ithanda amanzi ahlanzekile, hhayi odaka, okulula ukuwazingela. Itholakala emifuleni yezintaba ifinyelela ku-1000 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Kusuka enkabeni kusuka ogwini kuya ebangeni eli-5 km. Emhlabeni, ungahlangana nenyoka yamanzi ibanga elingamamitha ayi-200 ukusuka emanzini.
Le inyoka izizwa imnandi kakhulu kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Indlela yokuphila
Inyoka ichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini lapho izingela khona. Emhlabeni, itholakala ematsheni ayizicaba, emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezihlahleni, lapho isekele elangeni ukugaya ukudla. Amanzi asebusuku asevele esogwini. Ukuze enze lokhu, uzikhethela imisele yemigqa, ama-voids ngaphansi kwamatshe nezihlahla, noma izidleke zamanzi ezibiwe. Iwashi selivele linamathele esiphephelweni salo futhi lihlala libuyela ukuchitha ubusuku endaweni eyodwa. Ebusuku nasekuseni kakhulu, inyoka ayisebenzi. Ihamba kakhulu emanzini, iyazingela.
Amanzi asebenzayo cishe izinyanga eziyi-9 ngonyaka. Uhamba ebusika ekwindla sekwephuzile - ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Imvamisa izinyoka ezimbalwa ebusika ndawonye endaweni eyodwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amanzi angavele asebusika esiphephelweni esifanayo ngezinyoka ezijwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi esidlekeni esifanayo ebusika kungahle kube nezinyoka ezingamakhulu amaningana.
Ngo-Ephreli, izinyoka zamanzi ziphuma ebusika. Ngemuva kokuvuka, bahlala elangeni entwasahlobo amahora amaningi.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, inyoka ingazisholo ifile.
Ukuzala
Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Abesilisa bavame ukulwela ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Amaqanda abesifazane abekwa ngoJuni-Julayi. Ukuze benze lokhu, bakhetha umhlaba oxekethile noma isixuku se-humus endaweni efudumele nelishiswa yilanga. Ngokufakwa kweqanda, kudingeka amazinga okushisa angama-27 degrees izinsuku ezingama-40-55.
Ku-clutch, imvamisa kusuka emaqanda ama-4 kuye kwangama-23 asukela ngosayizi ukusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3.3 cm. Izingane ziphuma cishe ngo-14-18 cm ngosayizi futhi zinesisindo esingu-5-10 amagremu. Kusukela kwimizuzu yokuqala bazimele, futhi ngenxa yalokho, cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokubopha, bayahamba bazingela. Izinyoka zamanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka emithathu.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kwenyoka yamanzi izinhlanzi ezincane: i-goby, i-crucian carp, i-roach, i-pike, i-carp, i-perch. Kokuzingela okukodwa, uyakwazi ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-40. Ngokuvamile, idla ama-amphibians asemanzini kanye namadisiphu awo. Inyoka idonsela inyamazane ebanjiwe iye nayo ezweni, lapho idlela khona endaweni ecashile. Ngemuva kokuba esehlale phansi elangeni noma ematsheni afudumele ukugaya ukudla.
Emhlabeni, amanzi abamba izibungu, amagundane, izinyoni ezincane nezinambuzane.
Ingozi kubantu nasezitheni zemvelo
Amanzi awanawo ubuthi futhi ayingozi kubantu. Le inyoka inamahloni kakhulu - ngephutha lengozi icasha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Noma ukulunywa kwenzeka, ithuba lokutheleleka ngenxeba lincane. Kodwa-ke, le nyoka iyakwazi ukudala ukulimala okukhulu kwezokudoba ngenxa yesifiso sayo sokudla.
Isitha esikhulu senyoka yamanzi ngumuntu. Lezi zinyoka zivame ukubulawa, zididaniswe nezinyoka ngenxa yokufaka imibala. Ukwahlukanisa inyoka yamanzi enyokeni kulula kakhulu: inezingane eziyindilinga, eziqokonyiswa yi-iris ekhanyayo, kuyilapho izinyoka zinabafundi abheke phezulu, ukwakheka kwekhanda kuhlukile (i-oval yenyoka futhi unxantathu wenyoka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yabantu ithinta ukuncishiswa kwendawo yezinyoka. Izinyoka eziningi zifa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto emigwaqweni.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka zamanzi izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla izinyamazane: i-pike, zander, ikatfish. Izinyoni zithwala ubungozi: imifino, amajwababa, izingwe, amahloka. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zidla izinyoka zamanzi: ama-otter, amabhulukwe, izimpungushe, umaskandi, amabhuzu asendle, ama-hedgehogs, amagundane. Ezinye izinyoka azinendaba nokudla ukudla okulula: izinyoka, umnqumo nezinyoka ezimthende.
ITerrarium enobukhulu obuncane obuyi-100 * 50 * 60 cm inyoka yamanzi. Kudingeka umoya omncane. Kufanele kube nekona elifudumele nelibandayo. Ekhoneni elifudumele, izinga lokushisa kufanele lifinyelele kuma-30 degrees. Isibani se-incandescent singasinikeza, ngaphansi kwaso ungabeka itshe elizoshisa futhi linikeze ukushisa kwalo enyokeni. Ebusuku, ukufudumeza kufanele kucishwe ukuhlinzeka inyoka ngomehluko ojwayelekile wokushisa.
Amanzi athande umswakama ophezulu. E-terrarium udinga ukubeka indawo yokukhosela lapho inyoka ingacasha khona, kanye nesitsha esikhulu samanzi, lapho kungabhukuda futhi kucwinye khona ngesikhathi sokuncibilika.
Ngakho-ke, inyoka yamanzi inyoka ebanzi engenabungozi, evame ukudidaniswa nenyoka ngenxa yombala wayo. Ihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu efudumele eduze namachibi ahlukahlukene. Amanzi amnyama asivele ethandwa phakathi kwamathafa ngenxa yombala wawo omuhle.
Kuyiqiniso, ngithole ukukhuluma ngesihlobo sakhe - inyoka yamanzi (Natrix tesselata) , ebizwa nangokuthi "inyoka chess" noma, okubi kakhulu - i- "chess sner". Umlando wobukhona balezinhlobo eduze komuntu udabukisa futhi ugcwele idrama, ngakho-ke ngigcwele umuzwa ojulile wokuhawukela inyoka yamanzi eshushiswe ngokungafanele futhi yashaywa unembeza futhi nganquma ukufaka isandla ekusindisweni kwayo ngokufundisa izakhamizi ukufunda lokhu.
Inyoka Yamanzi (Natrix tesselata) - inyoka engenabuthi
Ukuba khona inyoka ejwayelekile - akunamafu futhi kuzolile. Amacici aphuzi, abonakala kahle kude, aqinisekisa ukuphepha kwawo ezimweni zokuphambana nabantu.
Enye into - Amanzi . Ukungabikho kwezindawo ezikhanyayo ezikhalela ubuthi bazo, kanye nephethini ehambelana nomuntu ofana ne-zigzag ngemuva, dlala ihlaya elinonya naye, ngoba ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezindaweni eziningi inyoka yamanzi ibhekwa njengohlobo lwenyoka ("chess sner") futhi ibhujiswe ngonya.
Lapho kuvela inyoka ibonakala, kukhuphuka i-alamu ebhishi, izakhamizi zihanjiswa ngokuphuthumayo ezweni, futhi ikusasa lomuntu onenkathazo livame ukungabi nokwenzeka.
Bangani! Lokhu akuyona ukukhangisa kuphela, kepha okwami, isicelo somuntu siqu . Sicela ujoyine iqembu le-ZooBot ku-VK. Lokhu kuyathandeka kimi futhi kuwusizo kuwe: kuzoba neziningi ezingeke zifike esizeni ngesimo sezindatshana.
Kepha umlingani yisivakashi esinolwazi esidlule ohambweni oluningi! Yini esingayisho ngezakhamizi ezijwayelekile.
Amanzi vele, isithombe nencazelo
Futhi kuvalwe ikhanda. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi lapha isimo sabafundi sisobonakala kahle - isiyingi, esivele isinikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi okungenani sinakho hhayi isengezo.
Ikhophi elikhonjiswe esithombeni lahlangana ngoMeyi 2012 esifundeni saseVolgograd.
- enkulu, ifinyelela ku-1,6 m, inyoka (ngokwesilinganiso 1-1.3 m). Umbala - usuka kumnqumo uye ku-brown onemigqa yezindawo ezimnyama ezisebenza emzimbeni, wakhe iphethini yokuhlola. Imigqa eqondile yamabala ingahlangana ibe yimivimbo eqhubekayo. Ngasemuva kwekhanda kuvame ukuba nendawo emnyama enomzimba ongu-V, ebheke phambili kusihlwa phambili. Isisu siphuzi noma sibomvu sinezindawo ezimnyama.
Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila. Igama elithile, kunjengokungathi linjalo, lisikisela ukuthi ukuba khona kwenyoka kwamanzi kuhlangene ngokungalingani namanzi. Inyoka ihlala nemizimba yamanzi, kuyaqabukela ihambe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-200 ukusuka kuyo. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, ikwazi ukuntanta amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini.
Kudla ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians angavamile futhi anegazi elifudumele. Ubusika ezindaweni ezivikelekile eduze namachibi singly, noma ngamaqoqo. Kwezinye izimo, kungahamba ubusika ndawonye nenyoka ejwayelekile. Isikhathi sokukhishwa kwezinyoka zamanzi zingo-Ephreli; amaqanda avela ngoJuni-Julayi. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-15.
Lapho kuphakama ingozi, umlindi usebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo zokuzivikela njengejwayelekile:
- Abaleke.
- Hiss bese uphonsa.
- Ukukhipha iphunga elibi.
- Yenza sengathi ufile.
Indawo yokusabalalisa inyoka yasemanzini, ngokuyisisekelo, ihlangana nendawo yokusabalalisa yenyoka ejwayelekile, kodwa ngandlela thile wathuthela eningizimu . Sisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke indawo eningizimu yeYurophu kanye naseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine (Don, Volga, Kuban, uLwandle Olumnyama kanye nogu lwe-Azov, izigodi zezifunda), kanye naseCaucasus naseCentral Asia. Kepha lapha akukho esifundeni saseTambov.
Akuyona ingozi kubantu! Ayisihlukumezi. Lapho ehlangana nabanemilenze emibili, into yokuqala azama ukuyifihla.
Amanzi vele: ividiyo
Ngijabule ngokungeza ividiyo kusuka kumfundi wethu kule ndatshana. Kujabulele.
Amanzi Amnyama Morph(I-Natrix tessellata black)
Isigaba - Izirhubuluzi
Isikwele - iScaly
Umbala umnyama. Isayizi ifinyelela ku-1,6 m, kepha imvamisa i-1-1.3 m. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Izikali zomzimba ziboshwe ngokuqinile, azungeze maphakathi nomzimba kukhona izikali eziyi-19. Izimpunga ziyinto eyodwa.
Amanzi asevele asabalele kuyo yonke i-Europe eseningizimu, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine (iDon, iVolga, i-Kuban, i-Black ne-Azov yolwandle, izigodi, indawo yokugcina iKakhovka), kanye naseTranscaucasia nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuseningizimu kunokujwayelekile. Kodwa nokho lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo luyivelakancane ngokwemvelo.
Ihlala eduzane nemithombo ehlukahlukene yamanzi, ezindaweni ezigudle ulwandle neziqhingi. Angaphila ngokukhululeka eduze kwabantu emadolobheni, emadolobhaneni, emadolobheni, njll. Ihlangana ngokuphelele emanzini, isw Switter and diver enhle kakhulu. Emvelweni, adla amaxoxo, ubuhlalu, izinhlanzi, izibungu kanye namagundane amancane, izinyoni nezinambuzane.
Cishe izinsuku ezingama-50-60 ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda. Imaski iyasuswa bese ihlangana nekhoji ebekwe kufakwe ngaphakathi ekushiseni okungu-27-29 ° C. . Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50-60, izimpondo ziqanduselwa emaqanda, aqala ukuzondla ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala.
Ukuze kugcinwe lolu hlobo kudinga usayizi ongu-100 50 60 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze wenze inyoka izizwe kahle, faka isibani se-incandescent ekhoneni elilodwa le-terrarium, kanti kwelinye wenze umgodi wokupholisa oqiniswe ngesibalo esiqinile. Izokunikeza futhi nge-“Warm” ne-“Cold” angle, lokhu kwenziwa ukuze inyoka ikwazi ukuzikhethela izinga lokushisa elifanelekile (Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba lula kuwe ukuhamba ngemodi yokushisa ngoba okuthandwa ngumuntu ngamunye kusahlukile kakhulu, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kube umuntu ngamunye). Ukushisa ekhoneni elifudumele phakathi nosuku kufanele kube ngu-30 ° C. Kungaba kuhle ukubeka itshe ngaphansi kwesibani ukuze inyoka ikwazi ukuzifudumeza. Ngobusuku, ukufudumeza kumele kucishwe, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuguqulwa kosuku nobusuku.
Ukwenza inyoka ikhululeke, beka uhlobo oluthile lwendawo yokukhosela yanoma isiphi isimo e-terrarium: isiga, ishalofu, ucezu lwamagxolo. Qiniseka ukuthi ufake i-cuvette enamanzi endlini lapho ungabhukuda khona futhi ukhiye ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Faka futhi i-peat cuvette noma usebenzise yona njengomhlabathi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinyoka zihlala zikhetha izindawo ezingenamanzi indawo yazo yokuhlala, futhi i-peat kanye ne-sphagnum zigcina umswakama kahle. Ukuze ulondoloze kangcono umswakama, fafaza inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile ngesibhamu sokufafaza.
Ezimweni ze-terrarium, izinyoka zamaxoxo, ubuhlalu nezinhlanzi. Amancane anikezwa amasele nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukondla kwenziwa cishe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, ngemuva kokuba inyoka igaye ukudla okudlulile futhi ikhule kahle. Baphuza amanzi, okuyiwona okufanele aguqulwe njalo echibini lokufakelwa le-terrarium. Ngokubambisana nokuphakelwa, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izithasiselo zamaminerali ahlukahlukene, isibonelo: ama-egghell ochotshoziwe, i-calcium. Amanzi amaminerali angezelelwa kulowo ophuzayo (Borjomi). Akudluli kanye ngenyanga, nikela ngamalungiselelo wamavithamini ngokudla. Ukondliwa kahle ngokulinganayo kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ongakunika zona, ngokuya ngemiyalo.
Isikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni eyi-15.
Isikhungo Sezemvelo "Ecosystem" can okungabizi (ngezindleko zokukhiqiza) ukuthenga (uku-oda ngemali lapho kuhanjiswa, i.e. ngaphandle kokukhokha kusengaphambili) copyright yethu izinto zokufundisa ku-zoology (ama-invertebrates nama-vertebrates):
10 ikhompyutha (nge-elekthronikhi) iziqu kufaka phakathi: izinambuzane zamahlathi aseRussia, izinhlanzi ezingena emanzini amnyama nezinhlanzi ezifudukayo, ama-amphibians (ama-amphibians), ezihuquzelayo (ezihuquzelayo), izinyoni, izidleke zazo, amaqanda namazwi, nezilwane ezincelisayo (izilwane) neminonjana yempilo yazo,
20 enemibala amatafula encazelo kufaka phakathi: ama-invertebrates asemanzini, izimveku zosuku, izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni zasebusika, izinyoni ezifudukayo, izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nemikhondo yazo,
4 inkambu yephakeji isiqu kufaka phakathi: abakhileyo bezidumbu zamanzi, izinyoni zemicu ephakathi nezilwane namathrekhi abo, kanye
65 ngokwendlela izinzuzo futhi 40 ezemfundo zamafilimu ngo amasu ukwenza umsebenzi wokucwaninga ngemvelo (enkundleni).
(Laurenti, 1768)
(= Coluber idrus Pallas, 1771, Coluber ponticus Guldenstadt, 1811, Colluber penttatus Menetrics, 1832, Tropidonotus tessellatus (Lanzcdi, 1768)
UkubukekaOkukhulu ubude bomzimba wenyoka bufika ku-1400 mm kanye nomsila omfishane wezikhathi ezingama-5-6. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile kakhulu babantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi bude bufika ku-800 mm kwabesilisa nabangu-980 mm kwabesifazane. Ikhanda bhahlazeka, isihlakala kumiswe okwesikhashana. Okwangaphakathi izihlangu ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kocantathu ngesimo. Ukuthengelana phakathi kwe-intermaxillary ne-labial yokuqala yinde kakhulu kunesibambo phakathi kwe-intermaxillary ne-Internalal. Amaphephadonga we-labial aphezulu ngokuvamile ayisishiyagalombili. Ama-scor preorbital angabili noma amathathu (akuvamile kakhulu), amathathu noma amane (kuyaqabukela amahlanu). Emzimbeni wonke isikali . Amabhlogo wesisu u-162-189 angabesilisa kanti ayi-164-197 kubantu besifazane, angama-60-86 angamaduna kanti angama-47-70 kubantu besifazane. Izikali, zombili isiqu nomsila, ezinezimbambo ezikhule kakhulu.
Umbala uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba luyi-olive, i-olive-grey, i-olive-greenish, i-olive-brown, brown noma - kuyaqabukela - ibomvu-orange. Iphethini yamabala amnyama, aqinile noma amile kancane, noma imithende emincane eshintshile emnyama emuva, akuvamile ukuthi amabala enze imivimbo emibili emnyama noma eqinile ezinhlangothini zangemuva, futhi enwebela phezulu komsila. Indawo emnyama ivame ukubonakala ngemuva kwekhanda. Ingaphezulu lesisu sinombala ohlukile kusuka ophuzi kuya kokubomvu okunebala elimnyama elingunxande. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo ngaphandle komdwebo emzimbeni noma mnyama ngokuphelele.
Ukusatshalaliswa. I-Aquatic isivele ibhebhethekile ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance, iRhine Valley, kanye nasempumalanga neNtshonalanga Afrika entshonalanga kuya phakathi naseYurophu eseningizimu, e-Asia Minor, eNtshonalanga naseCentral Asia kuya ePersian Gulf nasePakistan eningizimu enkabeni ye-Asia (enyakatho nentshonalanga neChina) empumalanga. EMpumalanga Ephakathi kuhlala i-Iraq, iSyria, iJordani, i-Israyeli, iNayile Delta eseGibhithe, kuyaziwa abantu abangabodwa eYemen. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR yangaphambili, le nyoka itholakala engxenyeni yayo esempumalanga, okubandakanya ugu lweLwandle Olumnyama eRussia nase-Ukraine, kanye naseCrimea. Amanzi asevele esejwayelekile eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, naseCentral Asia naseKazakhstan. ETajikistan, ayitholakali kuphela ePairs Pamirs, eTurkmenistan itholakala ogwini naseziqhingini zoLwandle lweCaspian, ezigodini zemifula iSumbar ne-Atrek, eduze nemifula nemifudlana yeKopetdag neKugitangtau, ezigodini zemifula yeTejen, iMurghab ne-Amudarya.
Izindawo Zokuhlala. Isivele yonke indawo ehlala kuyo, umzimba wamanzi uxhumeke kakhulu emanzini; izindawo zakhona zihlala ogwini lwezidalwa zamanzi ezigelezayo nezimile, kusukela emigodini enodaka egcwele izinhlayiya ezimisiwe kuya emifuleni nasezintabeni ezisobala. Le nyoka futhi ijwayelekile emasimini erayisi, ezigodini naseziqhingini. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi, eTurkmenistan amanzi asevele etholakala ikakhulukazi ogwini loLwandle lweCaspian naseziqhingini ezisolwandle oluphakeme, kanye nemizila yemifula yasogwini, emiseleni yokunisela ukotini. Ogwini olusempumalanga lweCaspian, izindawo zabo eziyintandokazi zingamatshe angama-limestone akhiwa yi-surf, imikhumbi ekhukhulayo, imigwaqo, kanye namatshe aseduze nolwandle. Eziqhingini, izindawo okuhlakazwa kuzo okukhulu kakhulu kuyaphawulwa ezindaweni ezigcwele i-chinton noma umhlanga. Ngalo lonke uhla lwenyoka yamanzi, njengoba kulandelayo kusuka kunhlobo yezinhlobo zayo, ukuba khona kwezidumbu zamanzi kuyisici esinqumayo sokuba khona kwalenyoka. ETajikistan, itholakala emahlathini ama-tugai, ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezihlala i-alfalfa, ukotini noma izingadi zemifino, emadwaleni, ezintabeni ezisemahlathini asejuniper kanye namahlathi anqenqayo, endaweni eyihlane eyihlane, futhi futhi eduzane nalapho kuhlala khona abantu, kodwa njalo kude 200 m kusuka emanzini. Umngcele wokusabalalisa mpo eTurkmenistan eKopetdag udlula endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle, eTajikistan naseKyrgyzstan ungakhuphuka ufike kuma-3000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Uhlobo lujwayelekile, kwezinye izindawo lungafinyelela amanani aphezulu. Ukuqongelelwa okukhulu kwezinyoka zamanzi kungabonakala ezindaweni ezihlukene zokugcina e-Central Asia, lapho, ngokombiko, inani lezinyoka eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-8-10 esigabeni 3 km ubude nama-25-30 m ububanzi ogwini lolwandle. Ubuningi obukhulu ogwini lweCaspian olunama-niches amaningi anempilo akhiwe yi-surf ahlotshaniswa nenala yokudla, indawo yokukhosela nezindawo ezinhle zokuzalela nobusika.
Umsebenzi. Ngemuva kokuqala ubusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu yebanga e-Central Asia kuyavela. Ingxenye ngoMashi-Ephreli, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - Novemba. Kuyo yonke inkathi, izinyoka zamanzi ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku. Isikhathi esiningi sichithwa emanzini, sibhukuda size sifinyelele kumakhilomitha angama-3-5 ukusuka ezweni eliseduzane.
Lapho kwenzeka ingozi, izinyoka zivame ukuphephela emanzini futhi zicashe ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina.
Ukuzala. Izinyoka ezihlobisayo zenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - Julayi. Kwi-clutch kukhona amaqanda angama-4-18 alinganisa u-15-16 x 32-35 mm. Izinyoka zamanzi amancane ezinobude bomzimba (ngaphandle komsila) we-140-185 mm ziyavela maphakathi no-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Ukudla. Lezi zinyoka zidla ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzini ezahlukahlukene, zivame ukukhuphukela emanethini okudoba, izinto zokudla zesibili ezinjengamasele namatholethi, kanti namagundane amancane nezinyoni kwesinye isikhathi kuya ekudleni.
Ubusika. Njengoba amakhefu ebusika asebenzisa izinduku zokuqhuma ezitholakala ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi. Izinyoka zamanzi zifihla yonke indawo futhi, kaningi, ngamaqoqo amakhulu, zivame ukuhlangana nezinye izinyoka, kaningi zizinyoka ezijwayelekile. Amaqoqo anjalo angaba izinyoka ezingama-200 zobulili obuhlukile nobudala.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ihluka enyokeni ejwayelekile ngokuhluka kombala nephethini, ukungabikho kwezindawo eziphuzi noma ezisawolintshi ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kanye nenombolo yezihlangu zelebhu zangaphambi kokubeletha nezingaphezulu.
Esikhungweni semvelo "Ecosystem" ongakwenza ukuthola ithebula lencazelo yemibala "Ama-Amphibians nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zaphakathi neRussia "kanye nesikhombi sekhompyutha zezinambuzane (ezihuquzelayo) zaseRussia nase-USSR, nezinye izinto zokufundisa ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni zaseRussia (bheka ngezansi).
Esizeni sethu ungathola futhi ulwazi ku- anatomy, morphology kanye nemvelo yezinto ezihuquzelayo : Izici ezijwayelekile zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izibalo, ukunyakaza kanye nesikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izitho zokugaya ukudla nezomsoco, izitho zokuphefumula nezamagesi, isistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi nokujikeleza kwegazi, izitho zokuxosha kanye nokudla okwenziwa ngosawoti emanzini, izitho zangasese nokuzala, uhlelo lwezinzwa nezitho zomqondo impilo, umjikelezo wempilo wonyaka,
Amanzi vele, noma njengoba ayebizwa kakhulu ngokuthi “inyoka yenyoka” ajwayele ukutholakala endaweni yenyoka ejwayelekile futhi ahlala eduze kwezindawo zokugcina ezinggelezi. Ukubonakala kwakhe olwandle kuvame ukwenyusa uvalo lwangempela phakathi kwabavakashi. Abantu basheshe bangene emhlabeni, futhi ikusasa lomuntu obhebhethekisa, kwesinye isikhathi, akunakwenzeka. Ngiphakamisa ukuthi uthole amanye amaphuzu ahehayo ngalenyoka.
"Ngabe uthatha isithombe seenyoka?" Ngezwa izwi ngemuva kwami. "Bona ukuthi awuluma."
"Cha, hhayi inyoka, kepha inyoka," ngiphendula, ngingabheki ukubuka kwekhamera bese ngivala enye.
- Yebo, izinyoka manje seziwela nezinyoka: kuvela omnyama nompunga, nasebhokisini, futhi konke kunobuthi obukhulu!
Inkhulumomphendvulwano efanayo yenzeka njalo lapho othile engibona ngibamba noma ngithwebula izinyoka zamanzi
Umbono walezi zinyoka umane nje ungusithelo sokwesaba abantu abangajwayelene nezilwanyane. Izinyoka zamanzi zingenasibonakaliso sesilo senyoka engenabuthi, esijwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu - amabala aphuzi-e-orange ngemuva kwekhanda, okuyinyoka ejwayelekile (i-Natrix natrix). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukungazi kwabantu bazo zonke izinyoka ezingenazo izindawo ezinjalo kubonakaliswa njengezinyoka futhi kubhekwa njengobuthi futhi kuyingozi. Amaningi ahlukanisa zonke izirhubuluzi ezingenamlenze zibe izinyoka futhi zimane “izinyoka”, ebhekisa kuzinyoka. Ngakho-ke bathi: "Lokhu kuyinyoka ngempela?"
Ngokushesha lapho izinyoka zamanzi zingabizwa: "inzalo yenyoka nenyoka", "inyoka enyama", "chess". Lapho kukhalwa “inyoka eshisayo” ogwini, ababhukudi bagxuma baphume emanzini balinde inyoka ukuba ibhukude, noma kuze kuba “nesibindi” futhi ayibulale inyoka ngenduku. Imvamisa uzwa izindaba zabadobi mayelana "nezinyoka zamamitha" ezinqamula imifula noma ukugibela emakhejini nezinhlanzi.
Zonke lezi zindaba azihlangene neze nezinyoka, ziphathelene nezinyoka zamanzi. Igama lezinhlobo zenyoka i-N. tessellata lihunyushwe ngempela lisuka kwisiLatini njenge-chess, kepha alihlangene ngalutho nezinyoka. Kungokwe-genus vele (i-Natrix sp.) Kanye nokujwayelekile vele.
Ebantwini, amanzi awanangozi. Amakhambi alenyoka ahlekisa kakhulu nokukhishwa kwe-fetid kukhishwe engcupheni. Ngokungafani nenyoka ejwayelekile, cishe amanzi cishe awenzi sengathi afile.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoka zamanzi izinhlanzi, ezizibamba phakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini, izingibe noma ukubanjiswa, okulele phansi. Inyoka ayikwazi ukugwinya inyamazane ebanjiwe ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ibalekela ogwini, lapho igwida khona inhlanzi, lapho isiqale yaziphendulela yona uqobo.
Uma inyamazana likhulu kakhulu, ukudla kungadonsa ihora noma ngaphezulu. Ezinye izinyoka ziyafa ngaphandle kokubala amandla futhi zikhethe inhlanzi enkulu kakhulu.
“Amanzi asevele asabalele: ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance, isigodi somfula. IRhini entshonalanga, umngcele oseningizimu yebanga uqhubeka ngasempumalanga nenyakatho ye-Afrika (kuya ePersian Gulf, ePakistan), empumalanga kwenzeka enyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina, futhi umkhawulo osenyakatho wesifunda esimatasa udlula esifundeni saseVolga-Kama, IVolgograd State University, i-herpetologist uDmitry Gordeev.
"Lolu hlobo lolo lwesigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo (i-Reptilia), uhlelo lwezinyoka (amaSerpentes), umndeni we-antarctica (Colubridae), uhlobo lwezinyoka zangempela (i-Natrix) kanye nohlobo lwamanzi asevele (i-Natrix tessellata). Inyoka enamanzi inyoka enkulu engeyona enobuthi, njengabo bonke abamele lo mndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi, njengomthetho, zinde kunezabesilisa futhi zingakhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-1,1. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, incane kakhulu kunenyoka ejwayelekile futhi ekhonjwa kalula, engafinyelela ku-1.14 m.
Isigaxa senyoka yamanzi, uma siqhathanisa naleso esivamile, sikhonjwe kakhulu, futhi azikho amabala aphuzi-owolintshi ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ngenxa yesimo sokugcina, uvame ukudideka nezinyoka ezinobuthi ezinjengenyoka evamile kanye ne-steppe viper. “Amafutha emlilweni” unezela isithombe ngemuva kwenyoka yamanzi, efana nesigaxa sezinyoka. Ngiye ngathola kaningi izinyoka ezifile, okungenzeka, iningi labantu bendawo labona kabi ubuthi nokuqothulwa okungenamusa. Kokunye uhambo, ngihlangane nendawo "yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi", lapho ngabala khona "ama-chess snakes" abulawa.
Kodwa-ke, amanzi asevele enezimpawu ezimbalwa zangaphandle angahlukaniseka kalula kuzinyoka ezinobuthi. Ikhanda elibonakala kakhulu ukuthi linesimo esingunxantathu ezinyokeni futhi iningi lesikali (esikalini) kuso lincane, ngenkathi inyoka yamanzi i-oval, futhi yonke imikhawulo mikhulu. Uma uthatha isibindi futhi ubheka ngamehlo enyoka, uyabona ukuthi ezinyoka, njengasekuhlaseleni kwangempela, imbandana iqonde (njengasesekati), futhi inyoka - eyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoka zincane kakhulu kunezinyoka: inyoka enkulu evamile ifinyelela kubude obufika ku-0,73 m.
Lowo wamanzi usevele uhlala eduze kwamanzi: ngasogwini lwemifula kanye nasemiseleni yokunisela, ezigodini zezikhukhula, lapho kuthola khona ukudla. Naphezu kwemvelo enokuthula, ungumphangi osebenzayo. Ama-prefers fish ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene - i-perch, i-roach, i-loach, angakwazi ngisho nokuzingela i-pike. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bayibiza ngokuthi i-ichthyophage. Inyoka idonsela inyamazane ebanjiwe ogwini, lapho idla khona. Okuvame kakhulu ekudleni kufaka amaxoxo nemisipha yawo.
Kukhona imininingwane ezincwadini mayelana nokuthola esiswini sewundlu elilodwa leenyoka elivamile! Ubungako besisulu bungadlula ubukhulu bekhanda lenyoka, futhi ukuxhumana okungaxhunyiwe kwemihlathi engezansi namathambo athile ahambisana nawo kusiza ukugwinya. Ukufakwa kwenzeka ngokuhambisa ngokushintshana ingxenye yesobunxele noma yesokudla yomhlathi ophansi. Lokhu kunikeza umbono wokuthi inyoka "inyathela" ekuphangeni kwayo.
Isizini esebenzayo ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-9, ivela ezindaweni zokukhosela ebusika ngo-Ephreli. Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu, ukuqala kokuzalela kuqala, khona-ke izinyoka zitholakala ngamanani amakhulu. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwangama-20, kuthi ngoJulayi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, kuzovela izilwane ezincane. Isiphephelo sabo yimibhede yomhlanga, izimpande zezihlahla, iziqalo zesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba, imigqa yamagundane, iziqu kanye nesikhuni. Bahamba baye ebusika ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba ngamaqembu amakhulu, ngesinye isikhathi behlangana nenyoka ejwayelekile. Bazingela ama-urchins, muskrat, muskrat, fox, ezinye izinyoni: i-osprey, i-grey heron, amakhayithi, odla izinyoka, iqhude, iqhude nabanye. ”
Njalo lapho ngizwa kukhulunywa nge “chess enobuthi”, ngikhuluma ngezinyoka zamanzi, indlela yazo yokuphila, ngizama ukubakhombisa ukuthi lezi zinyoka azinangozi kangako. Kepha njalo lapho ngithola ukungaqondi, kulula ukuthi abantu besabe “inyoka enyama” kunokuvuma ukukholelwa kwabo kumahemuhemu futhi bayeke ukubulala zonke izinyoka ezingenalo “umazisi” wenyoka ejwayelekile.
Ukubukeka, incazelo yenyoka ejwayelekile
Isilwane esibuyayo singowomndeni walowo osevele ehlukile, ohlukile kubangane bawo embusweni wezinyoka "nezindlebe" eziphuzi - uphawu olufana nekhanda (eduze kwentamo). Izikhala ziyilamula, owolintshi, zimhlophe ngokungcolile noma azibonakali ngokuphelele.
Ubukhulu bomuntu ojwayelekile abudluli kumamitha ayi-1, kepha ama-specimens aqinile (1.5-2 m ngayinye) nawo ayatholakala. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ikhanda lenyoka lihlukaniswe ngokusobala entanyeni, futhi umzimba ubude bawo buphindwe kathathu kunomsila.
Ingaphezulu lomzimba wenyoka lingapendwe ngombala onsomi ompunga, onsundu noma omnqumo, lihlanjululwe ngephethini elimnyama "lokuhlola". Isisu - umbala ompunga noma omhlophe omdaka, onomugqa omude omde maphakathi nendawo . Kwabanye abantu, lo strip uthatha lonke uhlangothi olungezansi. Phakathi kwezinyoka kukhona zombili ama-albino nemiculo.
Ukufana kwe-Viper
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Inyoka enobuthi ayifani kangako nenyoka enobuthi: izindawo eziyintandokazi zokuphumula (ihlathi, amachibi, utshani) kanye nesifiso sokugwema ukushayisana nabantu.
Kuliqiniso, izinyoka zivame ukulondolozela ukuzithiba futhi zihlasele umuntu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kokuqala ngokunganaki.
Umehluko phakathi kwezirhubuluzi mkhulu kakhulu:
- yinde, inciphile kune-viper futhi inoshintsho olula olusuka emzimbeni lusiya emsileni,
- amabala aphuzi aqhamuka ekhanda lenyoka, umucu we-zigzag weluka ngemuva kwenyoka,
- Inyoka inekhanda eliyindilinga, eliqaqile kancane, ngenkathi inyoka inekhanda elingunxantathu futhi ifana nomkhonto,
- izinyoka azinamazinyo anobuthi,
- abafundi banabafundi abaqonde phezulu noma abayindilinga (abafanayo nabalingiswa be-feline), kuyilapho abafundi benabafundi abaguqukayo njengezinti,
- izinyoka zidla amasele, nezinyoka zithanda amagundane.
Eqinisweni, kunokwehluka okuningana okuningi (ngokwesibonelo, ngendlela yezikali nezihlangu), kepha i-amateur ayiludingi lolu lwazi. Ngeke ubheke esikalini lapho usongelwa ngokuhlaselwa yinyoka?
Isikhathi nendlela yokuphila
Usephila kakhulu, kusuka eminyakeni eyi-19 kuye kwengama-23, kanti isimo esiyisisekelo sempilo yakhe ende ngamanzi, okuyiyona ebhekele igama lesayensi lezinhlobo - i-natrix (kusuka kumaLatin natans elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukubhukuda").
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Baphuza futhi babhukuda kakhulu, benza ukubhukuda okude ngaphandle komgomo othile. Umzila wabo uvame ukugudla ugu, yize umuntu ngamunye eye wabonwa olwandle oluvulekile nasenkabeni yamachibi amakhulu (amashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka emhlabeni).
Ihamba njengazo zonke izinyoka emanzini, iphakamisa intamo yayo ngokuqondile futhi igobe umzimba nomsila wayo endizeni engashayi eceleni ngendlela efana ne-wave. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ushona ujule kakhulu, futhi uphumule, ulele phansi noma ugoqe uzungeze umgodi ongaphansi kwamanzi.
Ifuna inyamazane ekuseni / kusihlwa, yize inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi liwela emahoreni asemini. Ngosuku olucwathile, umuntu ojwayelekile udalula izinhlangothi elangeni phezu kwesigaxa, itshe, umhlanga, isiqu esidumbile noma yikuphi ukuphakama okulula. Ebusuku, ungene endaweni yokukhosela - izikhala ezivela ezimpandeni ezisontekile, iziqu zamatshe noma izimbobo.
Izitha zenyoka ejwayelekile
Uma inyoka ingafihli ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, izophola ngokushesha futhi ngeke ikwazi ukubalekela ngokushesha izitha zemvelo, phakathi kwalokhu okuphawuliwe:
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama, kufaka ne-fox, inja ye-raccoon, i-weasel ne-hedgehog,
- Izinhlobo ezingama-40 zezinyoni ezinkulu (ngokwesibonelo, izingwamza namakhala),
- amagundane, kufaka amagundane,
- ama-amphibians afana namaxoxo namacici,
- trout (udla omncane),
- amabhungane omhlabathi nezintuthwane (chitha amaqanda).
Ezama ukubamba ukwesaba esitheni, acule futhi anciphise indawo yentamo (enze sengathi yinyoka enobuthi), ugoqa isidumbu ku-zigzag bese ngokwesaba kuphonsa ukuphela komsila. Inketho yesibili ukuthi abaleke.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Lapho sekungenwa imbandezelo yesilwane esidla izindwani noma yezandla zomuntu, lesi sidalwa sendawo senza sengathi sifile noma sisikaza ngento enephunga egcinwe yizindlala.
Abakwa-Uzi bahlala bebhekene nokushoda kwezindawo zokuphephela ezithembekile, yingakho bejabulela ukusebenzisa izithelo zomsebenzi womuntu, izindlu zokuhlala, inkukhu yezinkukhu, amabhavu, amasela, amabhuloho, amaseshi, umquba womquba nokulahlwa kukadoti.
Ukudla - okudla okujwayelekile
Izintandokazi zenyoka ezisesiswini iyunifomu enhle - ngamasele nenhlanzi . Ngezikhathi ezithile, ufaka ekudleni kwakhe nokunye okuphangiwe ngosayizi ofanele. Kungaba:
- newts,
- ubuhlalu
- izibankwa
- amachwane (aphume esidlekeni),
- amagundane amanzi asanda kuzalwa,
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Izinyoka zenyanya i-carrion futhi azidli izitshalo, kepha ziphuza kalula ubisi, kanye kanye e-terrarium.
Lapho efuna izinhlanzi, usebenzisa amaqhinga okulinda-nokubona, ebamba isisulu ngokunyakaza okushesha kombani lapho ebhukuda eduze ngokwanele. Amaxoxo asevele aphokophela umhlaba ngenkuthalo, kepha awazami ngisho nokugibela ebangeni elivikelekile, angaboni ingozi ebulalayo enyokeni.
Isitsha sezinhlanzi singagwinywa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kepha ukudla isele kuvame ukubambezela amahora amaningi, njengoba kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusibamba ngqo ikhanda. Njengezinye izinyoka, isivele yazi ukwelula umphimbo wayo, kepha isele le-angular alisheshi ukungena esiswini futhi kwesinye isikhathi liphuma emihlathini yesidlo sakusihlwa. Kepha lowo obulale engakulungeli ukuyeka isisulu futhi ambambe futhi ukuze aqhubeke nokudla.
Ngemuva kwesidlo esijabulisayo, akukho kudla okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu, futhi uma kunesidingo, izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Kunecala elaziwayo lapho isiteleka sendlala esiyimpoqo sithathe izinyanga eziyi-10. Lokhu kuvivinywa kufakwe kuye ngungoti wemvelo waseJalimane ongayondlanga isifundo kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenyoka ngemuva kwesiteleka sendlala kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphambuka emgodini wokugaya ukudla.
Izifunda eziyinhloko zokuhlala
I-Watermark isivele ihlala ikakhulukazi e-Central and Southeast Europe, futhi ibuye yande e-Asia entshonalanga ye China kanye nasentshonalanga ne India. Izilwanyane zivame kakhulu emazweni aseBalkan, eningizimu yeRussia, eTurkey, e-Afghanistan, kanye naseNayile Delta. ECentral Europe kwezinye izingxenye ze-Italy, eSlovenia, e-Austria, eSwitzerland, eHungary, kanye naseCzech Republic kunabantu abaningi balezi zinyoka.
Indawo oyithandayo
Bancamela indawo lapho kunamanzi khona endaweni ezungezile. Inyoka imvamisa ihlala wonke umuntu eduze kwemifula, kodwa futhi izizwa kahle emachibini. Ikakhulu, uhlala ngisho nasemanzini asogwini, ngokwesibonelo, ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama iBulgaria kanye ne-Ukraine.
Izingxenye ezijikijele azilungele bona lapho ugu lolwandle luqubuka ngokushesha bese amanzi elulandela. Badinga ukuthambeka okubushelelezi ngamatshe, ngesihlabathi noma ngodaka.
Ukhetha amanzi, lapho izinhlanzi eziningi zihlala khona, ngoba izinhlanzi zingukudla okuyinhloko ekudleni kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi bachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo emanzini, babekela amaqanda abo emhlabathini. Ukuze benze lokhu, bakhetha izindawo ezifudumele, kepha ezinomswakama. Isibonelo, ngenqwaba ye-humus, otshanini obumnandi, emaqabungeni, njll.
Ngokushiswa yilanga, inyoka iyathanda ukusebenzisa imithambeka yamatshe yemigwaqo, izimbotshana noma imijondolo yojantshi. Basebenzisa imifantu eyomile yamatshe njengendawo yokuhlala nasekhaya ukuze bahlale khona ubusuku.
Umjikelezo wokuphila kwenyoka
Ukuze amanzi ashiye indawo yakhe yokuhlala ebusika, izinga lokushisa elikhona kufanele lifudumele okungenani ama-degree Celsius okungenani emthunzini. Lokho wukuthi, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-reptile ishiya isimo sayo se-hibernation kuphela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi.
Ngemuva kokuba inyoka iphume ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, izongena emanzini kuphela lapho ifudumala kuze kube ngu-12 C. Usevele esethanda ukubhukuda nokuntywila. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini angajulile, awashiye kuphela elangeni noma ekuzaleni.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amanzi izinyoka mate. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kukaMeyi noJuni. Ukuhluma kwenzeka endaweni esogwini.
Zibekela amaqanda ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ukukhula okusha kuvela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Zinobude bomzimba wamasentimitha ayi-14 kuye kwangama-20 futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokubopha ziqala ukuzingela nokudla. Uma zidla kahle, khona-ke ebusika izinyoka ezincane zingakhula zibe amasentimitha angama-30 ubude.
Kakade maphakathi no-Septhemba, umlungisi usevele uqala ukufuna indawo yokuhlala ebusika, lapho ehlala khona kungakapheli maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Lolu hlobo lusebenza ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Ekuseni bavame ukucwila elangeni, kuthi ntambama inyoka iye ekuzingeleni.
Yini ekudleni kwabo?
I-Alfalfa isivele idla ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezincane nezincane. Uthanda kakhulu i-gudgeon, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-carp nezinye izinhlanzi. Ngokuvamile, inyoka idla inyamazane yayo emanzini. Kepha uma inyamazane yakhe inkulu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi inyoka inyoka iwela ogwini ukuyayidla.
Ngokuvamile zibamba inyamazane yazo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngenkathi engaphansi kwamanzi, ulinda kuze kube yilapho inhlanzi ibhukuda eduze kwakhe futhi ayihlasele ngejubane lombani, noma ejaha inyamazane yakhe aze ayibambe.
Izitha zemvelo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo
Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlaselayo ezingaba yingozi enkulu enyokeni kukhona izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezinjengama-weasels nemiswrr. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezinjengamakhala kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle zidla izinyoka. Kwesinye isikhathi, izinyoka ziba yisisulu senhlanzi enkulu enjenge-catfish ne-pike. Futhi, izilwane ezincane zivame ukubamba ama-mallard emanzini.
Uma inyoka izizwa isongelwa, iqala ukubanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengenye into ejwayelekile, lolu hlobo lungathola uketshezi olungathandeki kusuka kwizigogo zalo. Uketshezi unephunga elingajabulisi elixosha izitha eziningi. Uma lokhu kungasizi, usebenzisa amaqhinga akhe wenyoka ejwayelekile futhi wenza sengathi ufile.
Isikhundla somhlaba
E-Russia, lolu hlobo alunazo izinkinga ezithile. EYurophu, usezophela nya. Iqiniso ngukuthi iYurophu inensimu encanyana, ecishe ihlalwe ngabantu ngokuphelele. Amachwe omile amukela imigwaqo emikhulu nezakhiwo eziphakeme, amahlathi anqunywa ukuze kwakhiwe amadolobha kanye nokutholwa kwezinto zokwakha, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoka isengozini yokuphazanyiswa okwenziwe ngezinto eziningi. Lokhu akubandakanyi izikebhe zezimoto ezinomsindo nje, ababhukudi, abadobi, kepha futhi nezindawo zabavakashi ezifana namatende noma ama-marinas. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane zimane nje zigawulwe abagxini bemikhumbi. Izikhathi ezithile nazo zibanjwa futhi zibulawe ngokungemthetho, okubuye kunciphise inani labantu balolu hlobo eYurophu.
Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala emhlabeni zingezomndeni ofanayo. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba yinkulungwane nengxenye, ngayinye yazo inezici zayo ezihlukile.
Naphezu kokumangaza ukufana kwenyoka neenyoka ezejwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bawa nesithukuthezi lapho bebona lesi silo esingenangozi ngokuphelele, bahlukile ezihlotsheni zabo ezinobuthi kumuntu onokuthula nokuzola.
Inyoka Eminyakeni eminingi edlule kwakuyisiko ukugcina njengesilwane esikhundleni sekati, njengoba zivame ukudlula kuma-tetrapods ekubambeni nakwamanye amagundane.
Ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasezintabeni, izinyoka zihlala futhi izakhamizi, lapho zitholakala khona endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye. Njengoba lezi ezihuquzelayo zingabesabi abantu, zingakwazi nokuhlala ezakhiweni ezingagcwalisiwe, ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezindlini ezibucayi, ngisho nasezingadini zemifino.
Imvamisa izinyoka azenzi izimbobo ezihlomile, nezimpande zezihlahla ezinkulu, izinqwaba zamaqabunga namagatsha, kanye nezindawo ezakhiwe ngotshani nezikebhe ezakhiweni kungaba yisiphephelo sazo ebusuku. Emhlabathini othambile, bangazenzela ngokuzimela iziteleka zabo ezinde.
Ebusika, bakhetha ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezinokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe, njengokufika kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane nezakhiwo zasemapulazini ezenziwe ngumuntu. Ezinye izinyoka zilinda zodwa ebusika noma njengengxenye yamaqembu amancane, kepha iningi labantu lihlangana ukuhlangana ngobuningi ukuze kube nobusika kanye nezinyoka.
Kwakunezikhathi lapho izinyoka ezazilinde ukubanda emakhazeni ezakhiwo ezifulethini zangena ngqo ezindlini zaze zakhasa ziyolala embhedeni ngenxa yethonya lokushisa eliphansi ikakhulukazi.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yenyoka
Kumbuzo yiphi inyoka kuyinto vele kungenzeka ukuphendula ngokunemba ukuthi inomusa kakhulu emvelweni futhi ayibeki bungozi ebantwini. Njengoba abantu bengaboni ngamehlo, cishe kuzothatha umhlalaphansi, kuncamela ukungathintani ngqo nabamele abanemilenze emibili.
Uma kwenzeka isaphumelela ukubamba, inyoka, impela, izozama ukuphindisela lowo ohlukumezayo ngokuphonsa ikhanda layo ngensimbi yomsindo.
Uma ubuqili obunjalo bungatheli zithelo, khona-ke buzoqala ukuthola iphunga elithile elihlazo elingaphazamisa isifiso sabanukubezi abaningi, ingasaphathwa eyomuntu. Njengoba izamile lezi zindlela, inyoka ingazenza ifile ukuze ekugcineni ishiywe yodwa.
Izinyoka ziyizilwane ezijwayelekile eziphindaphindayo ezihamba nendlwana: endaweni eyisicaba, zingafinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ngehora, zizulazule kahle ngezihlahla futhi zizinze emanzini.
Lezi zibhukuda, ziphakamisa amakhanda azo ngqo ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi zishiya iminonjana yezimpawu izimbambo. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba isigamu sehora futhi bavame ukuhamba ngamakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka ogwini.
Izinyoka zamanzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibonakaliswa ukuhamba okungatheni futhi zikhula kalula ekushiseni, ngakho-ke, ebumnyameni azikhombisi noma yimuphi umsebenzi obonakalayo, kodwa lapho nje kuvela imisebe yokuqala yelanga, masinyane iya ukuyokwengeza imisele emikhulu yamanzi.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, zingalala phansi noma ezimweni ezingatheni zingenele kwenye yezinyoni, njengamahansi noma ukuze zibheke inyamazane yazo.
Yenza izinyoka ezinesihlungu ? Yize iningi labamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lungeyona into enobuthi futhi lithathwa njengephephile kubantu, kukhona izinyoka zomndeni wezinyoka (ngokunembile, ziwela ngaphansi kwesigaba sezinyoka zamanga), ezinamaphiko angafaka ubuthi besilwane esikhulu lapho silunywe. Ebantwini, ubuthi obunjalo buyingozi ngesimo, okungukuthi, kungaholela kumphumela obulalayo kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile.
Imibono eyiphutha evamile
Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zesayensi yamashubhu zifunda futhi zichaza lolu hlobo. Kodwa-ke, abaningi baphikelela ngokuqhubekayo babiza i-chess, okungeyona ngisho nesihlobo somhlaseli onobuthi oyingozi. Uhlobo lokuqina luvame kakhulu kangangokuba negama ligxiliwe kanye nesayensi.
Ngisho nalabo abaqinisekile ukuthi inyoka ayiluma emanzini iqala ukwethuka lapho behlangana ne-chess amphibian. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ayintanta nje kuphela phezu komhlaba, kodwa futhi ihamba kahle. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo olukhohlisayo luyakwazi ukuhlasela ngisho nasekujuleni kolwandle. Kepha ziningi ngezindlela ezilungile: empeleni izinyoka azibhizi futhi azihlaseli emanzini.
Noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo uma kwenzeka sengozini, futhi noma ngabe sicabanga ukuthi ingozi isiseduzane, izama ukuzivikela. Umuntu ubuye aqhutshwe yilesi silwane. Ngakho-ke, abaningi baluleka ukuqeda i-reptile, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuhlaselwa.
Ngabe inyoka chess inobuthi noma cha? Umbuzo ulula kuphela kulabo abajwayelene nalesi silwane. Iningi likhetha ukumane ukubhekana nakho. Izinyoka eziningi - "chess" zifa ezandleni zabavakashi abethukile ngenxa yokungazi.
Sekuvele inyoka: yini umehluko
Ochwepheshe abasebenza kahle odabeni bayazi ukuthi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili akunzima kangako. Vele, ngisho nomuntu ojwayelekile, onamabala aphuzi-e-orange ezihlathini, ngisho nezingane ziyakwazi ukubona. Kepha umuntu wakubo onombala we-chess wayengenenhlanhla encane.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezingakusiza ekuboneni lezi zinyoka.
Ikhanda lenyoka lenzelwe umkhonto. Kwenyoka kuyinto okusaqanda, enekhala elibukhali. Ngasemuva kwe-steppe viper kunephethini elinomugqa ohlanganisiwe we-zigzag, ovame ukudidaniswa nezindawo ze-chess ezitholakala ngokuhlukile komunye nomunye.
Lezi zinyoka zinabafundi abahluke ngokuphelele: inyoka mncane mpo, njengekati, kanti inyoka iyindilinga. Vele, kusuka ebangeni elide uqhathanisa amehlo, ukwakheka kwezindawo nenhloko kunzima, kepha lokhu kwehluka akuhlukile.
Kungakho iqanjwe igama ukuze ibhule kanye nobude bayo bonke. Inyoka inomsila omfishane, ophenya kakhulu.
Kepha isici esiyinhloko ukuthi i-steppe viper ihlala esigxotsheni, hhayi eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Kepha i-chess imane ingaphila ngaphandle kwabo. Esithombeni esilandelayo kukhona i-steppe viper, nakubo bonke abanye - izinyoka zamanzi.
Izici zangaphandle
Imifanekiso izosisiza ukuthi sihlole ukubukeka. Izithombe zenyoka etshisayo zibonisa kahle ukwakheka kahle komzimba, izitho zomzimba eziyindilinga, kanye nenhloko.
Lokhu kufakazela futhi ukuthi asisiye isengezo phambi kwethu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nyoka emfishane ihlala ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1-1,3, kepha izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ziyatholakala. Umbala walezi ziphibians uyamangaza kakhulu, amabala amnyama atholakala ngokuhlelekile okuphambene nesizinda esikhanyayo. Ngokuqondene nesikimu sombala, singasukela kumnqumo ku-chocolate. Imibala ifudumele.
Uma unenhlanhla ngokwanele yokubona ngokuzingela kokuzingela kwalomhlaseli, zama ukubheka emlonyeni: akukho fangs ende yezinyoka lapho. Kepha ulimi olunenkani, njengabafowethu abaningi. Kepha akufanele umesabe, akayena uphawu lokuthi unobuthi.
Izici zokuziphatha
Lapho uhlangana nomuntu wesilisa, amanzi aziphatha ngendlela ejwayelekile: uyakhuhla, akhiphe imfihlo ye-fetid, azame ukuphunyula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze azenze sengathi ufile. Kuyahlekisa ukumbukela, kepha akufanele usebenzise kabi. Umsindo omkhulu wesabisa inyoka.
Ukuziphatha kwalokhu i-amphibian akusilo ulaka. Ngeke ihlasele. NgoJuni-Julayi, lapho izinyoka zamanzi chess zizalanisa, zingakhombisa ukukhathazeka okuthe xaxa lapho uhlangana nomuntu. Akufanele wesabe: inyoka ayizami ukukulimaza, isaba nje izingane.
Ntambama, lezi zilwane ezinegazi elibandayo azithandi ukuphinde ziphikisane. Baphumula ematsheni afutheliswe yilanga noma balinde ukushisa emathangeni ezimila zasogwini. Ukuzingela kuqala ngokufika kokuphola. Badla izinhlanzi ezincane ezibanjwe emanzini. Ukudla kungafaka amasele, namagundane amancane, izinambuzane.
Indlela yokuziphatha uma uhlangana
Uma kwenzeka uthatha iholide lapho kuhlala khona izinyoka zamanzi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi azinangozi. Zama ukuchaza okunye ngaphandle kokuthi i "chess viper" iyini.
Izithombe zezinyoka ezithathwe eholidini zizoba nendawo yazo ku-albhamu. Kepha uma udubula, zama ukungasebenzisi i-flash, wesabisa izilwane eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nosuku lapho inyoka iphumule buthule nethuba lokuhlangana nayo likhulu ngokwanele, futhi kunokukhanya okwanele ukuze wonke amabala amahle abonakale kahle esithombeni.
Akufanele ubambe izinyoka emanzini. Baphefumula kancane, futhi, bamelane, bangasinya. Nokho, kungcono ukungaziphathi ezandleni zakho - iphunga lokuvikela elingathandekisi akulula kangako ukuligeza.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenyoka yamanzi asebukhosini
I-Royal yasemanzini isivele yahlukaniswa umbala wesikhumba emuva komthunzi we-olive, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, o-olive ompunga ngokushintshela kumbala onsundu. Iphethini elinamachaphaza ligxishwe ngamabala amnyama noma ngemivimbo emincane etholakala ngaphesheya.
I-Royal Alfalfa (uRegina septemvittata).
Ibala elimnyama ngesimo sencwadi yesiLatini engu-V ngemuva kwekhanda libhekene ne-engela eyingozi ekhanda.
Ngaphansi komzimba ophuzi kuyahlukahluka kuye kuthoni owolintshi nokubomvu, okupendwe ngamabala amnyama esimilo esingunxande. Emvelweni, abantu ngabanye bahlangana ngaphandle kwamaphethini namnyama.
Ubukhulu bomzimba bufinyelela kubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Izihlangu ezinkulu ekhanda zinokuhleleka okuhlukile kunokwenyoka ejwayelekile. Azikho izindawo eziphuzi ngemuva kwekhanda.
Ukusabalala kwenyoka yamanzi asebukhosini
Izinyoka zamanzi wasebukhosini eYurophu zihlala eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeFrance. Ukuya empumalanga kudlulela eCentral Asia. Zitholakala eningizimu yeCrimea, e-Ukraine, eKazakhstan, eTranscaucasia, eCentral Asia. Izilwanyane ezinhle ezijwayelekile kuVolga engezansi. Kutholakala nemifula egelezela oLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian. Bahlala eChina naseNdiya. Amanani amakhulu atholakala eduzane neNhlonhlo ye-Absheron e-Azerbaijan.