Idada elincane leSviyaz, elisatshalaliswa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe lethu. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, i-spleen inombala ompunga omuhle ngephethini e-fleaky. Ikhanda nentamo zimdaka ngombala onsomi nohlaza okotshani. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda imhlophe, i-goiter iyi-hue elula ye-pink hue. Ngaphansi komzimba kukhanya.

Insikazi ibomvu ngombala obomvu ngemisundu emnyama. Idrake inamabala amhlophe emaphikweni futhi iyahluka ngokusobala endizeni. Ihluke kowesifazane esibukweni esiluhlaza esikhanyayo, esigcinwe kuzo zonke izingubo. Uqhwaku nemilenze ingwevu. Udrako wenza ikhwela elikhulu, lona wesifazane - umgodla obukhali ongajwayelekile.

Isayizi: iphiko le-drake 255-270, insikazi 232-268 mm. Isisindo sowesilisa entwasahlobo singama-400-800, kanti owesifazana ungama-450-780 g. Ngaphakathi komkhawulo wobubanzi bawo obubanzi, isikhukhukazi sisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. Izidleke zaseSviyaz eMurman, eTiman tundra, ngasemlanjeni wePechora kanye nemifula emikhulu yaseSiberia uLena, iKolyma ne-Anadyr, nakho kwenzeka eKamchatka. Esigabeni esiphakathi kwe-European, ingxenye yeNyunyana, akuvamile, ngenani elikhulu ihlala emfuleni. I-Ural neSemipalatinsk, eBaikal naseTransbaikalia futhi nasempumalanga kuya eNyakatho Sakhalin.

Ukufika kwentwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zamadada ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi, naseKolyma ekude ngoJuni. Endizeni yama-wigs, umuntu angahlala aqaphele ngekhwela eliyisici. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ukudonsa, ukunakekela izinsikazi, ukugeleza. Kulokhu, owesilisa uphakamisa izimpaphe ekhanda nasemaceleni, agobise intamo bese eshaya ikhwela.

Kugcotshwe njengamanye amadada kabili. Ukuqongelelwa okukhulu, kuze kufinyelele ezilwaneni ezingama-300-400, kwabonwa kumachibi aseNaurzum ngoJulayi, nasemachibini aseBaraba steppe, emfuleni. U-Ob no-Anadyr.

Ekwindla, imithambo eyakha isidleke engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia kanye ne-Urals indiza ebusika iye eDenmark, eHolland naseziqhingini zaseBrithani, lapho amanye amadada ehlela khona eningizimu. USviyazi waseNtshonalanga Siberia, esifundeni i-Irkutsk nobusika baseNyakatho Kazakhstan oLwandle lweCaspian, uLwandle i-Azov neMedithera. Ingxenye yamadada aseSiberia indiza iqonde eningizimu iya eNdiya.

AmaSviyazi adla amahlamvu kanye namahlumela ezitshalo zasemanzini ngezinga elikhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamadada. Kanye ne-pintail, bavakashela amajikijolo amajikijolo - ama-blueberries, njll. ETaiga ezindaweni ezisebusika badla imbewu futhi bavakashela amasimu erayisi.

Yini leli dada

Ngokuya ngokwezigaba ngezigaba zezilwane, uCarl Linnaeus ungowomndeni wamadada (Anatidae) we-oda Anseriformes. Kanye nemallard, pintail, duck grey, teal, tangerines, sviyazi babelwa emfuleni amadada (Anas).

Ama-zoologists achaza i-wig ku-subgenus ehlukile. Isizathu salokhu umlomo omncane wedada. Igama lesiLatini elithi svwai Anas penelope ngokweqiniso lisho "idada elithembekile." Abazingeli banamagama ahlotshaniswa nemisindo eyenziwe yinyoni - i-fistula, ikhwela, isikali.

Kubalulekile! Eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseKomandorsky naseChukotka, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, i-wand yaseMelika ayitholakali kangako. Ihlukaniswa umucu ompunga oluhlaza okotshani ekhanda ledrowa kanye nezimpaphe ze-axillary ezimhlophe zeqhwa.

Incazelo yohlobo nezithombe zamadada

Izitolo ezinkulu zeSvwazi, kepha zinkulu kune-teal encane. Le nyoni eshisiwe, ebhajwe phansi inesisindo esisuka ku-500 kuya ku-1100 g. Isikhala esinezimpiko eziqinile, ezikhomba, ezinde lapho kudonswa khona zifinyelela ku-75-86 cm.U ubude bomzimba obusakazekile obuguqulwe ukuze indiza ngokushesha bube ngamasentimitha angama-45-51. intamo emincane, uqhwaku olufushane olubunjiwe, umsila omude uncishiselwe ekugcineni, ama-paws amancane.

Umbala

Isazi esidumile sase-Russian ornithologist kanye nochwepheshe wokuzingela uSergey Alexandrovich Buturlin emisebenzini yakhe sishiywe yincazelo enemininingwane yedada sviyaz.

Ngokwencazelo yakhe yokushayela ngesizini yokuzalela:

• ikhanda lesifuba nomphimbo,
• obomvu kuya komqhele omhlophe
• obomvu obomvu nge-raspberry tint goiter,
• isifuba nesisu kumhlophe qhwa
• umzimba oyimpunga mhlophe,
• isibuko esikhanyayo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esine-sheen emnyama nomngcele omnyama,
• kunophawu olukhulu olumhlophe phambi kwesibuko,
• emsileni, izimpaphe zembozo zimnyama kusuka ngaphandle, zimhlophe ngaphakathi zinesibhakabhaka esimnyama emaphethelweni,
• amathambo angaphansi kwangaphansi kwamamhubhe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama,
• umsila ungwevu womthofu,
• amaphiko ansundu ampunga, aluhlaza okotshani,
• izimbambo ezimhlophe ezibanzi emahlombe.

Ngemuva kokufaka esikhundleni se-mating suit, idraksi lisahlukile ngokubonakalayo kudada. Umhlane wakhe uba nsundu, uhlotshiswe ngamajezi esifubeni. I-Throat nekhanda kumdaka omsulwa. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wesilisa uyagcinwa - isibuko se-emerald.

Kwabesifazane, ngokungafani nodrako, ipayipi elinombala onsundu elinombala omnyama unyaka wonke. Isisu simhlophe, isibuko simnyama mpunga. Amadada avela ephikweni ayafana ngombala kunina. Zingaqashelwa ngesibalo sazo "sobusha", uhlaka olumnyama esiswini sabo nombala omncane wesibuko.

Duck wig egqoke ngesizotha more.

Imilenze nobuhlalu bokuhola kungumlotha wokuhola. Umthethosivivsi ngimpunga ngombala onsundu omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. I-iris iluhlaza onsundu.

Vota

Ubungako kanye nevolumu yezwi le-wiggle lishintsha ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Imvamisa imisindo yedrake ekhala ngokungathi “vhii-u”, “vii-u”, “pii-u”, kanye namadada azwelana kabi.

Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuphelisa, owesilisa nowesifazane bashaya ihlombe bathi “kerr”. Emoyeni, izinyoni zihlala zikhonkotha "Sviyi-Sviyi", "Sviyirra", "Friryrra".

Izici zokuziphatha

ISviyazey ihlukaniswa ukundiza okusheshayo, cishe okufana nokwenyathi, ukuhamba kahle, cishe ukukhipha ngokushesha emanzini, nekhono lokwenza izindiza ezinde.

Amadada anobuhlobo obukhulu, ngesikhathi sokufuduka ahlangana emihlambini emikhulu yabantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Zidlisa futhi zidle ezinkampanini, njengamadada amadada we-mandarin.

Kubalulekile! AbakwaSvayazi basheshe bajwayele abantu, baba ngamakha. EYurophu, zivame ukugcinwa ukuhlobisa amachibi okuhlobisa.

Ububanzi nendawo yokuhlala amadada

Indawo ehlane kuyo ifinyelela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Europe ne-Asia. E-Russia kukhona:

• eChukotka, Anadyr, umphetho osogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk,
• endaweni yaseVolga delta,
• emaphethelweni amaphakathi neRussia,
• eSiberia,
• Isifunda se-Ussuri
• ngesikhathi izindiza, amadada ayama e-Baltic nasogwini lolwandle oluseNyakatho.

Ngokukhethwa kwamahlathi esidlekayo, ama-taiga, ama-tundra nama-tundra kukhethwa. Kuthandwa kuqala amachibi amancanyana, izimfunda ezikhukhulayo ezinezimbali zasemanzini ezicebile, amabhange asilika omfula angenamikhawulo, kanye nezikhala zamanzi phakathi kweziqhingi.

Kungcono ukuthi eduzane kukhona amasimu ahlwanyelwe izilimo, amahlathi noma izihlahla ezihlala zodwa. Amanzi ajulile, amachibi amnyama, izikhala ezinkulu ezivulekile, la madada azama ukugwema.

Ebusika, amadada andizela olwandle noma emazweni afudumele.

Ukuze ubusika buqale, izinyoni zihlala emiseleni ezivikelekile ezivunguvungwini, ezixhaphozini. Ubusika obusika busendaweni eseCaspian, iBlack Sea neMedithera, Middle East, Northeast Africa, Indochina, Ntshonalanga Yurophu.

Umsoco

Imenyu yeSvijaz kuphela yemifino. Izinambuzane zingena ngesisu sazo ngengozi, ziqoqwe kanye nezingxenye zezitshalo ezizidlayo. Ogwini nasemanzini, izimpande ziyambiwa, zikhonkotha izingxenye zomoya zezitshalo eziseduze namanzi nezasemanzini, njengamadada asekhaya ezifuywayo zenyama.

Izinyoni zigobhoza kabi futhi zizama ukondla eduze nemihlambi yamadada okugwedla, uswidi, ukukhetha ukudla okuvuswe yibo kuya phezulu. Izinkampani zezinwele zivame ukukhethwa kuma-mayadows nasezigangeni ezinotshani. Lapho zidla khona njengezindlwane, zidla okusanhlamvu nembewu yezitshalo.

Amadada adla emifantweni nasezithebeni ezinjengendlovu.

Amakhosi e-Soviet ornithology Georgy Petrovich Dementyev noNikolai Alekseevich Gladkov encwadini ethi "Izinyoni zaseSoviet Union", echaza isisekelo sokudla kwezithungu, aqambe izitshalo ezilandelayo ezifakiwe ekudleni kwazo:

• IWallisneria (isitshalo samanzi esinezimpande ezinde ezinwabuzelayo namaqabunga acwiliswa emanzini),
• imbali eshisayo noma i-nymphaeum (isitshalo samanzi esinezimbali ezifana neminduze yamanzi),
• duckweed amancane,
• i-elodea noma isishayo samanzi,
• i-rdest (iklabishi lamanzi),
• ikhanda,
• i-polevole (okusanhlamvu kwenyama),
• isambulela sesilo (isitshalo esingasogwini nesinezimpande ezibunjiwe),
• ulwandle (utshani bolwandle, obondla ubusika),
• i-harofitovye algae,
• i-enteromorph (i-algae eluhlaza).

Kubalulekile! Enye yezinhlobo zasolwandle i-rupiah eNgilandi ibizwa ngokuthi "utshani be-svwazi." Amadada asefike ebusika adla lesi sitshalo ngobuningi, abhukuda emanzini angajulile ogwini lolwandle.

Isiko lomshado

Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokumatanisa, idrake ihlala iseceleni kwalowo okhethiwe. Amapheya ayo adidekile nekhwela elikhulu libonisa abanye abesilisa ukuthi idada “limatasa” futhi akufanele isondele kulo.

Akukho ukwephulwa kwejele. Abesilisa bachaza kuphela imibuthano eseduze kwezinsikazi, banyathela izimpaphe baphakamise amakhanda abo ashonile esibhakabhakeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuzola kuphazanyiswa wukushayela nje abasebancane abazama ukuqeda lo mbhangqwana okhona. Kulokhu, kungahle kube nokulwa.

Izidleke, amaqanda namachwane

Isidleke ukwakhiwa okunzima kwamahlumela notshani, noma ukumane nje kube ukudideka kwezitshalo. Itholakala eduze kwamanzi endaweni ecashile, evikelekile: ngaphansi kwamagatsha esihlahla somhlaba, ekujuleni kwamathanga asogwini, otshanini obukhulu, ezimpandeni ezigobile. Ububanzi besidleke bungama-5-8 cm.

Ekuqaleni, isidleke silungiswa ngandlela thile noma sakhiwe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kombhede. Feather feather feyy kanye roller eduze emaphethelweni kancane kancane zibekwa kakade ngenkathi kubekwa amaqanda. Amadada azalela amaqanda awo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Imvamisa, nge-clutch enamabala ayi-6-12 amhlophe (imvamisa kakhulu ama-9) noma amaqanda aphuzi akhanyayo ngaphandle komdwebo egobolondweni, ubude obungu-4-5 cm.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-22-25. IDrakes isiza abangane ezinsukwini zokuqala nje zokuxhonywa, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa baphambuka baye emhlambini omncane bese bemuka beyoluka.

Duck ekwindla namachwane asekhulile aqoqana ezikoleni.

Izindawo ezithandekayo zokushintshwa kwamaplamu ohlobo lwaseRussia yiLakes yaseSiberia eseNtshonalanga, izindawo ezingasenhla zoMfula i-Pechora, izindawo eziphansi ezisezingeni eliphakeme kanye nodoti we-Ob, Urals, Volga, Baltic, Scandinavia, u-Icelandic.

Amachwane athanyelwe ahlala esidlekeni usuku lonke. Njengoba sebomile ngokuphelele, baphuma esidlekeni, ngemuva kokuba umama eye emanzini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-45, i-fluff yosana ematshaneni ingena esikhundleni saso ngokuphelele yimpaphe elukhuni nokukhula okuncane kwephiko. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amadada amancane anakekela ukudla kwawo. NgoSepthemba, kanye namadada amadala abantu abadala, izilwane ezincane ziyahlangana emihlambini bese zibhabhela ezindlini zasebusika.

Kuvidiyo, umzingeli wabelana ngefilimu emincane ngendoda ekwazi ukudubula:

Kubonakala uSvwazi

I-Sviyaz - idada elisehlisiwe, inentamo emfushane. Uqhwaku lufushane, ibunzi liphezulu, kanti nomsila ukhombe kancane. Amaphiko yi-75 - 86 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba buyi-45-51 cm.

Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane osekhulile singama-500 - 1000 g, kuthi owesilisa abe ngu-600 - 1100 g.

USviyazi uthuthuke ngokwenele ocansini. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo, owesilisa unombala ogqamile ngokuhlukahluka. Intamo nekhanda kupendiwe ngombala onsundu-esifubeni ngamabala amnyama.

Ngemuva, izinhlangothi, intamo, amahlombe kanye ne-engemuva elingaphansi lingwephuzi ngombala ngephethini yejethi enwetshiwe eqonde ngaphesheya. Isisu simhlophe, i-goiter ibomvu ngokubomvu. Izinhlangothi ze-suprahicle kanye nezangaphansi zipendwe mnyama, kuyilapho umsila uqobo ungwevu. Ukusuka engxenyeni yobugqila kuya kuqhwaku, umucu udlula emqheleni. Lo msele kubantu abahlukile unemibala ehlukene, kusuka kokuphuzi kwegolide kuya kokumhlophe.

I-squire (i-Anas penelope).

Izindawo ezimhlophe ezibanzi emaphikweni ansundu-grey zibonakala kahle zombili lapho kudada ezindizayo nalapho zibhukuda emanzini. Emaphethelweni ophiko oluzondayo kukhona indawo eluhlaza enophahla onsomi, ibizwa ngokuthi isibuko. Uqhwaku lupendiwe ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-iris yeso iba nsundu, futhi imilenze imnyama grey.

I-svazi yabesifazane ipendiwe phezulu ngamathoni abomvu ansundu ngamachashazi amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo lombala oluyisisekelo, kunenye futhi lapho umzimba ongaphezulu nekhanda upendiwe ikakhulukazi ngamathoni ampunga.

Insikazi inomlomo omfushane ophakeme ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nobume bekhanda obukhethekile, isibuko esimpunga eluhlaza kanye nesisu esimhlophe. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuqothulwa kwehlobo, isalazi lesilisa ngombala siyafana nesifazane. Isici esiyingqayizivele sedrako ngalesi sikhathi yizindawo ezimhlophe ezisezimpondweni.

I-squire - Idada lesitoko.

Ibanga lokudlekwa kweSviyazi

Uhla lokudlekwa lubandakanya izindawo ezisemahlathini ze-tundra namahlathi ePalearctic kusuka eKamchatka, Anadyr kanye nolwandle lwase-Okhotsk empumalanga kuya e-Iceland entshonalanga. E-UK, inani lalezi zinhlobo lincane kakhulu, ngababili kuphela abangama-300. Kwezinye izindawo zaseJalimane naseNetherlands, kuye kwabonwa izidalwa ezimbalwa kuphela zale nyoni.

Iningi lezindawo ezidlekayo zeSviyazi alitholakali endaweni yeRussian Federation, enyakatho yeKazakhstan, eFinland naseScandinavia. Engxenyeni enkulu yaseYurophu yendawo ephakathi neRussia, iwundlu lizala ngokungafanele. Kodwa-ke, enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda seLeningrad, i-sviyaz isivele iyinhlobo yezilwane ezijwayelekile eziningi. ESiberia, isidleke sale dada sisuka enyakatho siye emngceleni wezimila ezinamahlahla. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamadada asemifuleni ahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-taiga, iSviyaz iyona hlobo olujwayelekile noluningi kakhulu. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-taiga, le nyoni iyivelakancane noma ayikho ngokuphelele. Izindawo ezinkulu ezidlekayo nazo zabonwa eNhlonhlo YaseKanin, eBolshezemelskaya nase Malozemelskaya tundra, esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk.

I-squire yinto ebalulekile yokuzingela.

Ensimini yeKazakhstan, umngcele oseningizimu wohla lokuzalela yisifunda sase-Uralsk. Umngcele usuka emaphethelweni aphansi oMfula i-Ilek udabula isigodi saseKhobda udlula ePavlodar naseKaraganda uya eLake Markakol.

Indawo yasebusika yaseSvayazi

Cishe kuyo yonke indawo ebangeni, i-elk iyizinhlobo ezifudukayo. Leli dayi liholela ekuhlaleni kokuhlala kuphela ngaphakathi kwesibalo esincane sabantu abahlala e-UK. Ubusika babantu abaningi benzeka eningizimu yesimo sezulu esishisayo ukusuka eJapan kuye eSpain.

Ingxenye encane yezakhamizi indiza iya naseningizimu - eMpumalanga naseNyakatho Afrika kanye naseNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia. Ukusuka e-Iceland, uSviyaz undizela ubusika uya e-Ireland naseScotland.

AmaSviyazi ayizinyoni eziningi zama-taiga, njengoba zithanda izidleke emahlathini nasezindaweni zehlathi-tundra.

Ukusuka emkhakheni weRussia, osentshonalanga yemifula engezansi yoMfula i-Ob, futhi usuka eFinland naseScandinavia, i-sviyaz indiza ebusika iye enyakatho-nentshonalanga yeYurophu. Ukusuka eKazakhstan, eSifundazweni Esishubile NaseNtshonalanga, i-wig ifudukela ogwini lweCaspian neBlack Seas, iye eNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu Yurophu. Abantu abazidlela engxenyeni esempumalanga yalolu hlobo bandizela ebusika enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika naseMiddle East.

Ehlobo, impisi ithanda ukuhlala emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile angajulile. Imizimba enjalo yamanzi, njengomthetho, inama-deposits amaningi kasilika kanye nokufinyelela okuvulekile, okuhlangana nezindawo zezimila zasemanzini eziminyene. ISviyaz iyathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezitshalo ezinezikhukhula ngasogwini lolwandle, eduze kwezitshalo. Ukuba khona kwezimila ezinamapulangwe eziseduze kungenye into efanelekayo empilweni yaleli dada. ISviyaz ithanda ukuhlala kude nendawo enamagquma, izikhala ezivulekile ze-tundra, kanye namachibi amancanyana amnyama.

AmaSviyazi adla ezimpandeni nakuma-algae.

Ukuzala Sviyaz

Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zohla, iwundlu liyavela ezidlekeni kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Ephreli. Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ezisenyakatho, idada liyandizela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Ukwakheka kwamabili kuqala ekwindla futhi kuqeda ngenkathi indiza iye kumasayithi esidleke.

Imidlalo yomshado ayihlukile neze. Abesilisa bajikeleza iziyingi ezizungeza izinsikazi, futhi bakhipha ikhwela elibhobozayo, baphakamise umlomo wabo uthe nkqo phezulu.

Isidleke sihlelwe ezindaweni ezomile eduze namanzi ezindaweni ezivalekile phakathi kotshani nezihlahlana. Kwesinye isikhathi isidleke sitholakala emahlathini ama-coniferous. Kungukucindezelwa okuncane okungamasentimitha angama-5 kuye kwayi-7 cm. Isidleke sifakwe imifino ehlukahlukene futhi phansi.

Esidlekeni esinezintambo, kubekwa amaqanda angaphezu kweshumi nambili.

Umqondo uqala eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi futhi uqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi noJuni. Ku-clutch eyodwa, njengomthetho, kusuka emaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 akhona. Umbala wesheleni umhlophe noma ukhilimu. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu. Cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kokufakwa, isigaxa sishiya isidleke bese sisuswa ku-molt, sishiya lowesimame ukuthi aqhashe inzalo. Amakati athatha iphiko kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-45 ezelwe.

Cishe kusukela eshumini lesibili likaSepthemba, lapho iqhwa liqala khona izidleke neqhwa livela, i-wig iqala ukundiza ibusika.

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