Umbala woboya bezintambo zaseJapan uhluka kusuka kokuphuzi onsundu kuya onsundu; kukhona ibala elimhlophe ngemuva kwekhanda. Inomzimba ojwayelekile ophakeme we-martens, imilenze emifushane nomsila omfushane. Ubude bomzimba walezi zilwane bufika kusuka ku-47 kuya ku-54 cm, nobude bomsila kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-23 cm. Iziduna zinesisindo esikhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi zinesisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1,6 kg, kanti izinsikazi zilingana ne-1,3 kg.

Ukubhebhetheka

Imibhikisho yaseJapan ekuqaleni yayihlala iziqhingi ezintathu eziphambili zaseningizimu yeJapan (iHonshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Tsushima, kanye neKorea. Ukuthola ama-furs, futhi kwalethwa eziqhingini zaseHokkaido naseSado. Uhla lwayo lwemvelo ikakhulukazi amahlathi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile kakhulu.

I-Tobolsk sable

Ihlala endaweni etholakala phakathi kwe-Ural Mountain ne-Ob. Umbala woboya bakhe ulula, usukela ku-brownish-brownish kuya ku-brownish-fawn. Inamasayizi amakhulu kakhulu noboya obukhanyayo, phakathi kwayo yonke inzalo esebenzayo.
Ubude bomzimba nekhanda kwabesilisa bungama-41-51 cm, kuthi kwabesifazane - kube ngu-37-49 cm.Lobude bomsila buyi-13-17 cm.

Indlela yokuphila

Kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yezindlela zaseJapan. Bakha izidleke emiseleni yobumba kanye nasezihlahleni. Lapho bacasha khona phakathi nosuku ukuphuma bayofuna ukudla ebusuku. Lezi yizilwane zomhlaba ezikhombisa indawo yazo ngemfihlo yezindlala ezinephunga elimnandi. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, bahlala bodwa. Njengama-martens amaningi, ziyizilwane ezihlasimulisayo ezidla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinye izilwane zasemakhaya ezinjengezinyoni namaxoxo, kanye nama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, amajikijolo kanye nembewu.

Ukuhlangana kuqala ngoMashi - Meyi; ngoJulayi - Agasti, insikazi iletha ama-1 kuya ku-5 amawundlu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4, bayakwazi ukuzimela.

Ukubukeka

Njengezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo, umfelokazi waseJapan unomzimba omfushane noguquguqukayo, imilenze emifushane nekhanda elimise okomugqa. Ngokubambisana nekhanda, ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buyi-47-54 cm, kanti nomsila unobude obungama-17- 23 cm. Kepha umsila obumnandi kanye noboya kubhekwa njengophawu olwahlukanisa kakhulu ukubukeka kwesilwane esinoboya. Futhi, lesi silwane sikhanga ngoboya baso obumnyama ophuzi. Kukhona ama-martens aseJapan no-brown brown. Eqinisweni, uboya besilwane bunombala “wokufihla” ukuze uvumelane nendawo yokuhlala.

Kuyathakazelisa! Enye into ehlukile, ehlaba umxhwele yalesi sable enhle yibala elikhanyayo entanyeni. Kwezinye izilwane limhlophe ngokuphelele, kwezinye lingase liphuzi noma libe namakhilimu ngombala.

Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane emgodini womzimba omkhulu. Isisindo sazo singafinyelela cishe amakhilogremu amabili, okuyinto ephindwe kathathu kunesisindo sowesifazane. Isisindo esijwayelekile sable sowesifazane waseJapan sisuka ku-500 amagremu kuya ku-1 kilogalamu.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Endle, ama-sable aseJapan ahlala ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engaba ngu-9-10. Izilwane ezigcinwa zithunjiwe zizinhle, eduze kwezimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila singandiswa. Yize lokhu kungukutholakala, kodwa kunzima ukubona ama-marten amaJapan noma ezinye izinhlobo eziwusizo ezondweni lokudoba.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Isable yaseJapan itholakala ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zaseJapan - iShikoku, iHonshu, iKyushu neHokkaido. Lesi silwane sithuthelwe esiqhingini sokugcina sisuka eHonshu ngeminyaka yama-40s ukukhulisa imboni yoboya. Futhi, ama-marten aseJapan ahlala endaweni yeNhlonhlo YaseKorea. Izindawo ezithandwayo zezintambo zaseJapan amahlathi. Ikakhulu isilwane sithanda amahlathi e-coniferous ne-oak. Angakwazi nokuhlala phezulu ezintabeni (kuze kufike ku-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle), inqobo nje uma kukhula izihlahla ezisebenza njengendawo yokuvikela nomhume. Akuvamile lapho isilwane sihlala endaweni evulekile.

Izimo zokuphila ezinhle zomfelokazi waseJapan esiqhingini saseTsushima. Cishe akukho busika, futhi i-80% yensimu ihlala ihlathi. Inani elincane lesiqhingi, izinga lokushisa elihle liyisiqinisekiso esihle sokuphila okunempilo, okuthule nokuzalaniswa kwezilwane zoboya.

Ukudla okungabanjiswa kahle kwaseJapan

Yini edla lesi silwane esihle futhi esihle? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungumphikisi (kepha kuphela ezilwaneni ezincane), ngakolunye - imifino. Umfela waseJapan angabizwa nge-omnivorous hhayi okhethiweyo. Isilwane sivumelana kalula nendawo yaso yokuhlala nokushintsha kwesizini, futhi singadla izilwane ezincane, izinambuzane, amajikijolo kanye nembewu.

Imvamisa, ukudla kwe-marten yaseJapan kuqukethe amaqanda, izinyoni, amasele, ama-crustaceans, gazinga, amaqanda, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, iminyovu, imigundane, amabhungane, izicabucabu, izakhamizi ezahlukahlukene zezindawo zokugcina, izinduku, izibungu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Isable yaseJapan ngenkathi izingela iminyovu ingelokothe ​​ilunywe yizinambuzane ezinemithende engenamikhawulo. Ngasizathu simbe, ulaka lwabo ludlula ngababhubhisi abanobuthi bezidleke zabo. Njengokungathi imishayo isiqala ukungabonakali ngaleso sikhathi - imfihlakalo yemvelo!

Umfelokazi waseJapan udla amajikijolo nezithelo lapho ehluleka kokunye ukudla. Imvamisa “imifino” yakhe iwa ngesikhathi kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Kubantu, uhlangothi oluhle lwe-marten yaseJapan ukuthi lubhubhisa ngamagundane amancane - izinambuzane zamasimu futhi umsindisi wokuvuna okusanhlamvu.

Izitha zemvelo

Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu cishe kuzo zonke izilwane, kufaka phakathi i-sable yaseJapan, ngumuntu onenhloso enhle ngoboya bezilwane obuhle. Abazingeli bazingela uboya nganoma yiziphi izindlela ezingavunyelwe.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphakathi uhla lweSable yaseJapan (ngaphandle kweziqhingi zaseTsushim naseHokkaido, lapho isilwane sivikelwe umthetho khona), ukuzingela kuvunyelwe izinyanga ezimbili kuphela - uJanuwari nangoFebhuwari!

Isitha sesibili sesilwane i-ecology emnyama: ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo, izilwane eziningi nazo ziyafa. Ngenxa yalezi zinto ezimbili, inani labantu abangamaSulumane abangamaSulumane lehle kakhulu kangangokuba kwadingeka ukuba babhalwe ku-International Red Book. Kepha izitha zemvelo, zimbalwa kakhulu zazo. Ukwehla kwesilwane nendlela yaso yokuphila yobusuku kuyindlela evikela imvelo engozini yokucasha. I-marten yaseJapan, lapho izwa usongo empilweni yayo, icasha ngokushesha emigodini yezihlahla noma iminkenke.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ngenyanga yokuqala yasentwasahlobo, isable yaseJapan iqala isikhathi sokuzala. Kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi lapho izilwane ziyagana. Abantu abafinyelele ebusheni - iminyaka engu-1-2 bakulungele ukwenziwa inzalo. Lapho insikazi ikhulelwa ukuze kungabikho lutho oluvimbela imidlwane ukuthi ingazalwa, i-diapause iyenzeka emzimbeni: zonke izinqubo, i-metabolism ziyavinjwa, kanti nesilwane singakwazi ukuthwala umbungu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti, kuzalwa izizukulwane zezinyoni zaseJapan. Udoti uqukethe imidlwane engu-1-5. Izinsana zizalwa zimbozwe nge-fur fur fluff, izimpumputhe futhi azisizi ngalutho. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko ubisi lwabesifazane. Lapho nje imishanguzo emincane ifinyelela ubudala bezinyanga ezi-3-4, ingashiya i-mink yabazali, njengoba isivele ikwazi ukuzingela ngokwayo. Futhi ngokuvuthwa kwezocansi baqala 'ukumaka' imingcele yezindawo zabo.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

Ngokweminye imibiko, eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezimbili edlule, umarten waseJapan (Martes melampus) waba yinyama ehlukile evela kwisable evamile (Martes zibellina). Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelwayo - iMartes melampus coreensis (indawo yokuhlala iNingizimu neNyakatho Korea), iMartes melampus tsuensis (indawo yokuhlala yesiqhingi eJapan - Tsushima) kanye noM. M. Melampus.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-subspecies Martes melampus tsuensis ivikelwe ngokomthetho esiQhingini saseTsushima, lapho ama-88% ehlathi, angama-34% awo ehlangana khona. Namuhla, i-Japanese sable ivikelwe ngumthetho futhi ibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu endaweni yemvelo yaseJapan, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu, ezingakhinyabezanga impilo yabantu baseJapan ngendlela efanelekile. Inani lazo lehle kakhulu (ukuzingela, ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides ezolimo). Ngo-1971, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuvikela lesi silwane.

I-Barguzinsky sable

Ihlala ogwini lweLake Baikal nakuwo wonke umgodi waseBarguzinsky. Unomunye wemibala emnyama kakhulu yoboya, yize kunama-subspecies anombala omnyama kakhulu, ocishe abe mnyama.I ubude lomzimba nekhanda emadodeni liyi-39-42 cm, kuthi kwabesifazane libe ngu-36-41 cm. cm, izinsikazi 12-14 cm.

01.05.2017

I-sable yaseJapan, noma i-marten yaseJapan (lat. Martes melampus) inendawo ekhethekile kwezinganekwane zaseJapan. AmaJapan akholelwa ukuthi lapho lesi silwane siba mdala, siqapha futhi ngenhlonipho enkulu kufanele siphathwe. Uma umcasule ngisho nangengozi, ngokuqinisekile uzoshisa ngomlilo nazo zonke izinto zakho. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, uzovele umbozwe nge-avalanche ezintabeni.

Ukukholelwa okunjalo kwavela ngenxa yoboya obukhanyayo besilwane. Lapho isuka ngokushesha, abantu abanomcabango ocebile bayithatha njengezilimi zamalangabi.

EJapan yangezikhathi zakudala, lapho imililo yayiba khona kaningi, ngisho ne-samurai enokhahlo yayixwaya ukuhlangana nesidalwa esiyingozi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, bekukholelwa ukuthi uma uphumelela ukuhlangana nesilwane esondlekile futhi esimomotheka esigqokweni se-bamboo, ubambe ibhodlela ngenxa yesigaxa esisodwa nesigaxa esinzima samabhangi kwelinye, khona-ke nakanjani uzolindela impumelelo enhle nokuchuma.

Indawo yokuhlala yaseSpain enokwenzeka

Manje kunezindlela ezintathu ezingaphansi. M.m. melampus itholakala eziqhingini eziningi eningizimu Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), M.m. I-coreensis isatshalaliswa engxenyeni yePeninsula yaseKorea, kanye noM. I-tsuensis ihlala esiqhingini saseTsushima futhi isengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ukuze zizalwe njengezilwane zoboya, ama-subspecies okuqala alethwa eziqhingini ezisenyakatho zeSado naseHokkaido. Ucwaningo lofuzo lukhombisa ukuthi ukwahlukaniswa kwalolu hlobo kusuka eMarteszibellina, manje okuhlala eSigaiga saseSiberia, kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1,8 edlule.

Isilwane esidla izinyamazane, njengabo bonke abanye abamele abomndeni wakwaKunih (lat. Mustalidae), siphila kakhulu ngokuphila ebusuku. Ugibela ngokuphelele izihlahla futhi ugxuma kalula usuka esihlahleni uye esihlahleni, umboza ibanga elingamamitha ayi-1.5. Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso yokuzingela enendawo engamamitha-skwele angama-0.6-0.8. km Imingcele yayo imakwe imfihlo yezindlala ezinephunga elimnandi, umchamo nezindunduma.

Umqondo okhulunukayo wephunga uvimbela izilwane ukuba zingene empahleni yomunye umuntu onephunga elinamandla, ngakho-ke ukuqina phakathi kwazo kwenzeka kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile zihlala emahlathini aqatha, ikakhulukazi njengama-oki oki. Endaweni enjalo kuhlala kunezihlahla eziningi ezinezimbobo lapho ungacasha khona ngokuthembekile kunoma iyiphi ingozi noma ubambe umgodi ngaphansi kwezimpande eziwugqinsi.

Isitha esikhulu semvelo izinja eziqanjiwe. Ukuzingela kuyinto evamile kwezinye izifunda. Izilwane zibanjelwa amaqoqo azimele noma zidutshulwe uboya obuyigugu

Umsoco

Imishayo yaseJapan iphawuleka ngemvelo yayo emangalisayo. Ukudla kwabo kakhulu kuya ngesizini nezimo zokuphila. Zidla ngokudla kwezilwane nemvelaphi yezilwane. Imenyu yemifino ifaka amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, imbewu nezithelo. Izibiliboco ezihle kakhulu kubo amagilebhisi, amakhiwane, ama-Persimmons, ama-mulberry, ama-actinidia, ama-raspberry kanye namakheli.

Izilwane zidla ngokuzikhandla izibankwa, iminyundu, iminenke, izicabucabu, amabhungane nezinsimbi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ngeke zenqabe ukudla amaqanda ezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Izisulu zabo zingamagundane namagundane, okuvame kakhulu ukuba ngama-squirrels nama hares. Ngokubhubhisa ngokuqinile amagundane nezinambuzane eziyingozi, zigcina ukulinganisela kwemvelo ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Zibuye futhi zidlale indima enkulu ekusatshalalisweni kwembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Kwezinye izindawo, inani lezimbewu ezingafakwanga emgodini wazo zingama-60% wakho konke ukudla okudliwayo.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-47-54 cm, nomsila ngo-17-23 cm. Isisindo esilinganiselwe samadoda silingana ne-1,6 kg. Abesifazane abanasisindo esingaphezu kwe-1 kg. Ijazi likhulu, lithambile futhi liminyene. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka ku-tan kuya ku-brown. Isisu simhlophe noma simuncu. Indawo emhlophe ebonakala ngemuva itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda nesigaxa. Amaphayi amfishane. Umsila u-fluffy. Umzimba uvumelana nezimo futhi uphakeme.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-sables yaseJapan ku-vivo asaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Ekuthunjweni, baphila iminyaka eyi-12.