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Gromphadorhina portentosa Enye yamakhaza amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni: osayizi abaphakathi besifazane nabesilisa angama-60 no-55 mm, ngokulandelana. Kwezinye izimo, abantu ngamunye afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10 [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-3178 ] . I-Endemic eya eMadagascar, ihlala iziqu kanye namagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla. Zidla ezingxenyeni ezinotshani zezitshalo nezithelo. Isikhathi sokuphila ngokwemvelo yiminyaka engu-1-2, ekuthunjweni iminyaka emi-2-3 (abanye abantu baphila iminyaka emi-5) Abadala bansundu, izingxenye ezingemuva kwaso ziyindilinga ne-pronotum zimdaka ngombala onsundu. Ku-protorax (prothorax) yabesilisa kunezimpondo ezimbili eziphakanyisiwe, kanti kwabesifazane azikho. Amaqhude aseMadagascar awunazimpiko, uma kungenzeka abe yingozi, asabisa izitha ngokumemeza. HissIsici esilinganayo samakhaza eMadagascar yikhono lokukhiqiza imisindo yokukhala noma yempempe. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinye izinhlobo zale ndlela yokuziphatha. Izimpawu ezinjengalezi zisebenza ukwesabisa izinyamazane kanye nobudlelwano bangaphakathi (ngokwesibonelo, umzabalazo wabesilisa kowesifazane). Ukukhishwa komsindo kwenziwa ngendlela yokuqunjelwa okubukhali kwesisu, ngenxa yokuthi umoya udlula phakathi kwezipani ngamandla. Abesilisa bayakhala ngesikhathi sengozi, belwela owesifazana, ngesikhathi sokuphola nokuqomisana. Izinsikazi zikhala ngesikhathi sobungozi kuphela. Ngakho-ke ungabahlukanisa ngokobulili. Lapho le misindo iphakeme kakhulu, iba namathuba amaningi okuthi ifaniswe nowesifazane. 26.09.2017IMadagascar inhlokodolobha yaseMadagascar (lat.Gromphadornia portentosa) - isinambuzane esikhulu somndeni kaBlaberidae ovela e-cockroach superorder (lat.Dictyoptera). Abesilisa benza imisindo efana nenyoka, futhi izinsikazi zikhala. Le nhlobo yayivele ikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule futhi ayikashintshi kangako kusukela lapho. Isidalwa asinangozi futhi asinobuthi, kodwa emazweni amaningi okuqukethwe kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngumthetho osebenzayo. Isibonelo, esifundazweni sase-US eFlorida, kuvunyelwe ukuyigcina kuphela ezindaweni zokucwaninga zesayensi, futhi ngabesilisa kuphela abangakhishwa kubo ngemvume ekhethekile yeziphathimandla zasekhaya. Ngo-2006, elinye lamapaki amakhulu okuzijabulisa e-United States (Ama-Six Flags Great America) e-Halloween aba nomncintiswano wokudla amaqhude aseMadagascar aluhlaza.
Akukaziwa ukuthi ukwazile yini ukusebenzisa umvuzo ofanele, ngoba wayeqinisekisiwe ukuthi usethole ubuthi bokudla obudakayo kanye nokudakwa ngama-neurotoxins akwezinto eziphilayo ze-arthropods ezidliwayo. EThailand, kuyadliwa, kepha kuphela emva kokwelashwa kokushisa okuqala. Ngemuva kokuthambisa ngokujulile, bathola ukunambitheka nephunga le-ham noma amasoseji. Ukusatshalaliswa nokuziphathaIndawo yemvelo yaseGromphadornia portentosa ingamahlathi omile asogwini olusempumalanga lwaseMadagascar, lapho kukhula khona ama-cacti nama-baobabs. I-Arthropods ihlala ikakhulu ezihlahleni nasendaweni engaphansi, okuvame kakhulu ukucasha ngamaqabunga awileyo. Emini atholakala emagatsheni aphansi nezisekelo zeziqu, kuthi lapho sekuhwalala ashiye indawo yokuhlala bese anikela ubusuku bonke efuna ukudla. Izidalwa ezibusayo ziyakwazi ukudla zize zifike kwengxenye yazo ngasikhathi. Njengoba bemnivinous, badla noma yini abayidlayo. Ukudla kwabo kufaka izithelo, imifino, amaqabunga namagxolo ezihlahla. Imenyu iphethwe ngokudla imifino, kodwa ngethuba, abadla izimbali ngeke baziphike injabulo yokudla ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, badla isikhumba sabo esidala, besebenzisa i-chitin ekuqukethe ukwakha i-exoskeleton entsha. Ekudingisweni, bahlala bekulungele ukuhlanganyela ukudla nomnini wabo, bedla amasoseji, ushizi nenyama ebilisiwe. Amadoda amadala ayizilwane zasendaweni futhi awabekezeleli abamele ubulili bawo endaweni yangakubo. Lapho bebona oncintisana nabo, bahaya ngamawala bese begijimisa empini efana nezinqama ezejwayelekile, bezama ngazo zonke izindlela izindlela ukucindezela oncintisana naye ngaphandle kwemingcele yezinto zabo futhi alume umugqa wakhe. Abantu besifazane banobuntu obunobubi obuncane futhi bahlangana kahle.
Ukuze kukhishwe amasiginali omsindo, izinambuzane zinqamula esiswini ngamandla ukuze umoya ngamandla uphume ezindongeni. UkuzalaAbantu balolu hlobo bavuthwa cishe ezinyangeni ezi-5. Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe ama-cockts e-hersing eMadagascar kwenzeka unyaka wonke. Ukukhwelana okukhulu kubonwa lapho kuqala inkathi yemvula, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lisethwe ku-25 ° C-30 ° C, kanti umswakama ungaphezulu kwama-50%. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda kwenzeka e-ooteca etholakala emzimbeni wowesifazane ovundisiwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-50-70, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, ukhipha izinsana ezingama-20- 40 zikhipha esiswini. Bazalwa bethambile futhi bemhlophe, kepha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa isikhumba sabo siqina futhi bathola umbala obonakala onsundu.
Amaqhude aseMadagascar azizwa efanele insectarium futhi angabeki engcupheni kubanikazi bawo. Basheshe bajwayele abondli babo bese baba ngothile. Ziphathe ngokucophelela ngezandla zakho, ubambe isithupha nesikhanda ngaphambili ezinhlangothini zombili zesifuba. Izilwane ezifuywayo zizimisele ukuhlala entendeni yesandla sazo futhi zingakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili kancane, zifundela indawo ezungezile ngentshisekelo. Azilumi, zingakhiphi izinto ezingemnandi nezilimazayo. Izinambuzane zingagcinwa kunoma yisiphi isitsha sepulasitiki noma ingilazi. Kubantu ababili, umthamo omncane kufanele okungenani ube ngu-30x20x20 cm. Kungcono ukuthola i-insectarium enkulu ukuze inani elikhudlwana lezidalwa ezinhle lilingane nalo. Chips zezihlahla zezithelo, utshani noma izingcezu zamagxolo ezinkuni asetshenziswa njengodoti. Ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, ukomisa kahle kuyadingeka, akukanconywa ngokwesigaba ukusebenzisa izinto ezimanzi. Umswakama ofanele cishe u-60%, kepha amanani aphansi avumelekile. Ilitha lidinga ukushintshwa kanye ezinyangeni eziyi-4-5.
Kufanele babe nezindawo zokukhosela. Kulokhu, amatshe nanoma yiziphi izinhlaka zokhuni kufanelekile. Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa phakathi kuka-23 ° C-28 ° C. Ukuphola isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwe-18 ° C-20 ° C kunomthelela ocindezelayo kumaMadagascans futhi kucindezela isifiso sabo sokuzala. Okusebenzayo kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-ceramic heater noma ama-mats ka kagesi okushisa nge-thermostat. Ungondla izilwane ezifuywayo ngezithelo, imifino, ulethisi kanye nanoma yiziphi izihlahla eziqabulayo. Bangakudla ukudla okonakele nokubola, kepha ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlanzeka lokho kudla kufanele kugwenywe. Isidingo samaprotheni asuswa ngokulethwa kokudla okujwayelekile kwezinja noma amakati. IncazeloUbude bomzimba bezilwane ezindala bungamasentimitha angama-5.5-8. Iziduna zincane kunezinsikazi, kepha zinama-antenna amade futhi kuma-prothorax (protorax) kukhona okuphuma ngendlela yezimpondo ezimfushane. I-specimens enkulu kunazo zonke ikhula ibe ngu-10 cm. Ama-wings awekho. Umbala onsundu, ingxenye engemuva ye-prothorax ne-pronot imnyama. Umzimba uthambile, imilenze eyisithupha ikhule kahle. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-madagassa aseMadagascar ahlala iminyaka ephindwe kabili. Ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, iminyaka yabo yokuphila ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-4-5. Lapho kuhlala khonaYebo, ngokomqondo, lokhu sekungaqanjwa ngegama lawo, okungukuthi, sikhuluma ngesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Kwakulapha, ezimweni zokuhlukaniswa kwesilwane esithile, kwakheka iqembu la maphele angenantambo.
Ukubonakala kweqhude elimazayoNgaphandle, lezi zinambuzane ziyefana kakhulu nangamabhungane amakhulu okuhlobisa adwetshwe ngombala omnyama - onsundu. Iqhude leduna laseMadagascar elikhulayo likhula lifinyelele ku-6 cm ubude, izinsikazi zifushane kakhulu - cm 5.5. Noma kunjalo, kukhona futhi nezinhlobo ezinjalo zobude bomzimba wazo ezifike ku-10 cm. Umbala wegobolondo kanye nomzimba walezi zinambuzane ezihlasimulisayo kungahlukahluka kakhulu: ukusuka kumnyama omsulwa kuya ophuzi okhanyayo kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala nabantu abathile abanomthunzi we-beige. Yize iningi lamakhaza eMadagascar anezithoni ezimbili: omnyama - obomvu. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlukanisa umuntu wesifazane kowesilisa. Imvamisa, izinsikazi zincane kunabesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi ezisebeleni elingaphambili, elibizwa ngokwesayensi elibizwa ngokuthi yi-protorax, zinezimpondo ezincane.
Kepha lesi sinambuzane sinesakhiwo esimangalisa kakhulu samawele waso. Zinezinkomishi zokudla ezikhethekile okuthi lapho zihlanganiswa nendawo ebushelelezi, zinikeze umpheme. Indlela yokuphilaEmvelweni yemvelo, lezi zinambuzane zihlala ngqo emhlabathini, zisebenzisa amaqabunga awileyo notshani, kanye namatshe, iziqu eziwile njengendawo yokukhosela. Abakwazi ukundiza, ngakho-ke imvelo ayinikeze amaphiko, lapho kungekho kusetshenziswa ekumbeni udoti wehlathi, kepha igobolondo eliqinile nelinamandla. Lawa maphela awagugi kakhulu, ukuze asinde, akhethe indlela yawo yokuphila - imfihlo. Emini, bafihla ukuze bangadliwa yizilwane noma yizinyoni, kepha ebusuku amantshontsho aseMadagascar akhuthele.
Ukudla komdondoshiya omkhulu wesinambuzane somhlabaIzinambuzane zalolu hlobo zingama-omnivores. Uma endle, ukudla kwabo kungasebenza njengesilwane esifile, izithelo namaqabunga ezihlahla, khona-ke ekhaya kungadla cishe yonke into. Izitha zeqhudeNgaphandle kwamaqhinga akhethiwe, baningi abafisa ukudla kulezi zinambuzane esiqhingini saseMadagascar. Lezi akuzona kuphela ama-lemurs kuphela, kepha nezinye izilwane ezingavikeleki, ezifuna ngentshiseko yonke imfuba ezindlini zazo zokuhlala. Futhi sebetholile, bayazidla, bezondla ngokwanele ngamaphrotheni anempilo kumenyu yabo.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinambuzane zilwela kanzima izimpilo zazo. Isibonelo, uma iqhude lathola i-lemur, lokhu akusho ukuthi kuzoba lula kakhulu ukulidla. Ngobungozi obuncane, iqhude laseMadagascar licindezelwa ngokumelene nodoti ngamandla amakhulu kangangokuba cishe akunakwenzeka ukulithatha. I-carapace iyamsiza kakhulu kulokhu, okuvela kuyo iminwe 'yomzingeli' ihamba kalula. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinambuzane ziqala ukuya kwezomsindo, umsindo ufana kakhulu nowezinyoka. Imvamisa isitha sisaba futhi sishiya lesi sinambuzane sisodwa.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka. Amagiya okuvikelaAmaqhude aseMadagascar angabameli abakhulu bomndeni wabo. Zicasha otshanini bese zishiya phansi. Izinhlobo zokuvikela imaskhi ezivikela kahle ngemuva kwesizinda sedoti. Umbala oyinhloko onsundu. Isisu silula kune-cephalothorax. I-membinane ye-chitinous ihlukaniswe izingxenye. Bahlanganiswe ngendwangu ye-elastic, enomthunzi olula. Kulokhu, umzimba weqhude ubukeka umthende, oxosha izilwane eziningi. Igobolondo leChitin libushelelezi futhi liqinile:
Ukuthola ukuthi kungani abantu beyekelela, kubalulekile ukubheka uhlelo lokuphefumula lweqhude. Isinambuzane siphefumula ngomzimba waso wonke. Umoya ungena emzimbeni ngokuvuleka esiswini. Zitholakala ezinhlangothini zamaqembu ama-chitinous. Amagobongo abizwa ngokuthi yimiklamo. Bayi-10 kubo. Zonke izikhala ezihlangothini olulodwa zixhunywe yisigxobo sombala. Onke ama-tracheas axhunywe ngamashubhu anqamulelayo. Amashubhu we-bronchi kanye namancanyana afana nezitho asuka kuwo. Izinqubo zokushintshwa kwegesi zenzeka kuzo. Kwesinye isikhathi iqhude laseMadagascar lisebenzisa iminyakazo yalo ukuze livikeleke. Ngesikhathi sengozi, ucindezela izicubu zomzimba, anciphise umoya ngaphandle. Umoya uphuma ngomsindo omkhulu. Izingqondo zezinambuzane. Abesilisa basebenzisa owakhe ngenkathi belwa ngowesifazane. Ngasikhathi sinye, baphakamisa ngqo emuva. Ukunakekela insikazi, abesilisa bangawushintsha umsindo ngokwenza ikhwela. Ngakho-ke babiza owesifazana ngokuzalelwa. Ekhaya, izinambuzane zigcinwa endaweni yokudlela. Uma ucindezela umunwe ngemuva kweqhude, lizowela phansi, licindezele ngokuqinile kulo, libambe ameva emilenzeni. Uma imizamo yokubamba izinambuzane inganqamuki, uqala ukuphakamisa isandla sakhe sibukhali. Iqhude laseMadagascar liyeka ukuloba esimweni esingenathemba lapho libanjwa umhlaseli noma indoda. Lesi sinambuzane silalela isiphetho. Zizwa indawo enzima ngaphansi kwezinyawo zayo, iqhude lizozama ukuphunyula, lizophinda futhi imizamo yayo yokwesabisa isitha.
Amaqhude aseMadagascar awakhiphi iphunga langaphandle, ngakho-ke awanephunga. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwephunga, izinambuzane zingadala ukungahambi kahle kwabantu. Ukungezwani komzimba kukhula kungcolile okuhlala kudoti. Amagobolondo eChininous avame ukuhlala esitsheni, esomisa bese sidilika sibe ngothuli. Ingena emzimbeni, ibangele ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kubantu ababuthakathaka. Abahlushwa i-allergy bangathatha izilwane ezifuywayo ezivulekile ezandleni zabo, kodwa abaluleki ukuthi bahlanza i-terrarium. Ngemuva kokuxhumana ngakunye nesinambuzane, udinga ukugeza izandla zakho bese uhlanza ikhala lakho. Ukunakekelwa kanjani?Amaqhude aseMadagascar agcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina ekhaya. Ukuze izinambuzane zingakwazi ukuphuma ethangini, izindonga zigcinwe ngophethiloli jelly noma uwoyela. Ububanzi bomucu wamafutha kufanele okungenani bube ngu-5 cm. Abantu ababodwa abakwazi ukuhamba eduze komhlaba onamafutha. Zigingqika phansi. Kulokhu, i-terrarium ayikwazi ukumbozwa. Kudingeka isivalo uma kukhona ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, inja noma ikati endlini ezingaba nentshisekelo kumaqhude. E-terrarium, kunconywa ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa okungenani ama-25 ° C, umswakama u-70%. Izazi zezilwane ziyaqaphela ukuthi iqhude elikhala laseMadagascar lijwayela izimo zokuphila ezintsha. Isizukulwane sesibili sezinambuzane, esibonakala ekhaya, sikhula ngokushisa kwamakamelo kanye nomswakama ophansi. Akasebenzi hhayi ebusuku kuphela, kepha nangesikhathi sasemini. I-coconut substrate isetshenziswa njengodoti. Ukujula kwawo kungamasentimitha angama-2-3. Amachwane athanda ukumba kuwo. Izikhuhla eziwela emuva ekubambeni kwabo emhlabathini ngama-paws abo futhi zithole isikhundla sabo semvelo. Uma ithala liqukethe amaqhude amadala, lapho-ke udoti ufakwe i-oatmeal. Emini, amaphuphu acasha ezindaweni zokukhosela. Kubo, beka amaseli ephepha amaqanda. Asebenza njengezinambuzane hhayi izinambuzane kuphela, kodwa futhi nokudla. Izibambo zenziwa emangqamuzaneni ukwenza kube lula ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zihambahambe. Amachaphaza ama-omnivores. Lapho usuthisa, kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe okunye ukudla kwezitshalo nokudla kwamaprotheni. Izilwane ezifuywayo zinikezwa izithelo ezimnandi, amajikijolo, imifino, kunconywa ukuthi zinikeze imikhiqizo ekhulile ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, futhi ukuyingenisa kuye ngesizini. Musa ukondla amaqhude ngamagilebhisi noma ubhanana ebusika. Imikhiqizo iphathwa ngezinto ezikhulisa impilo yazo yeshalofu. Izinambuzane zidinga ukudla okuvela kumaphrotheni. Ezindaweni zemvelo, zidla izidumbu zezilwane ezifile. Ekhaya, badla i-gammarus, enikezwa inhlanzi. Okuphakelwa kwamaphrotheni kudingeka ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, izilwane ezincane nabantu abazilungiselela ukuncibilika. I-terrarium ihlanzwa kanye njalo emavikini angama-2-3. Shintsha udoti, izindonga zigezwa kusetshenziswa i-antiseptic enephunga. Isikhathi esiningi basebenzisa isoda. Ngemuva kokugeza, ungakhohlwa ukufaka uwoyela ezindongeni. Ukubuyisela ukuhleleka ku-terrarium, izilwane ezifuywayo zidluliselwa kwesinye isitsha. Lapho ubhekene namaphela e-Madagascar, ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe. Kufanele sizilungiselele ukuthi ziyokhala, zishaye ikhwela, zigibele ngomhlane, kodwa ngeke zilume. Ngemuva kokuxhumana ngakunye nesinambuzane, geza izandla zakho. Abantu abane-allergies bayelulekwa ukuba bahlambe amakhala abo. Share
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