Kuvikelwe umbuso waseRussia futhi obhalwe ohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yezwe, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luyisithunzi esikhanyayo somhlaba wezinyoni. Waphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele.
Manje isibalo saso sikhula ngokuqinile, kufaka phakathi iTatarstan. Le nyoni enkulu edla inyama enamapulangwe amhlophe emsileni kade yabhekwa njengeyingozi futhi ingaphansi kokubhujiswa.
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, i-White-tailed Eagle yayingagcinwa nje ngokuzingela. Ukuze isidumbu sakhe sikhiphe umklomelo omkhulu. Kwavunywa kamuva ukuthi lesi sinqumo sokulandela le nyoni sasiyiphutha. Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe alusadutshulwanga, kepha kwavela enye inhlekelele.
E-Tatarstan ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, imboni esindayo yaqhubeka ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi isimo semvelo saya sibi unyaka nonyaka.
Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ukungena ngokungalawuleki emanzini nasenhlabathini yeTatarstan, yalimaza kakhulu umhlaba wezilwane. Izinyoni zaseTatarstan, kubandakanya ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe, zithinteke kakhulu ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo kwemvelo. Manje le nyoni enhle futhi ewusizo ivikelwe ngokucophelela eRiphabhulikhi.
UBustard
Ibonwa njengenyoni esindayo kunazo zonke ezindizayo. IBustard inobuningi bomzimba obuphakathi kwezinyoni ezifanayo. Ihlala emaqeleni asendaweni evulekile eningizimu yeTatarstan. Unakekele kakhulu futhi unamahloni. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, ama-bustards asondela eduze nehlathi, lapho kunamabhishi amade khona kanye nezitshalo eziminyene.
Zithanda kakhulu ukwenza izidleke kumajongilanga noma emasimini kakolweni. Ukudla kwabo kuhlukile kakhulu, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Amaxoxo namazungu angadla uma kunamanzi eduze, futhi amahlumela, izithelo, imbewu idla esiseleni nasezitshalweni. Ama-Bustards andiza kahle, kepha akhetha ukugijima.
Njengokhozi olunomsila omhlophe, i-bustard ibhalwe ku-Red Book yezwe kanye republic of Tatarstan. Isibalo sawo sathinteka kabuhlungu ngokuzingela okungalawulwa, ukukhula kwamathungo abantu, nokukhipha izinyoni ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile.
ETatarstan, manje bazama ukwandisa inani leziboshwa. Vikela izindawo ezihlala kuzo. Aqoqa ngisho namaqanda ezidlekeni zabazali abangasekho futhi asuse namachwane awo ezindlini zokufaka, bese evumela izinyoni ezindala ukuba zingene endle.
Igrey crane
Omunye omele ukulimala kwesizwe sezinyoni, omele isiteleka somhlaba wezinyoni waseTatarstan. Lapho nje i-grey crane isatshalaliswa eRiphabhulikhi cishe enyakatho yonke. Kodwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokudonswa kwezixhaphozi kuthinte kabi izinombolo zalo.
I-grey crane ayibhalwanga ngokusemthethweni kwi-Red Book, kepha isondele kulokhu. Lokhu futhi kuyinyoni emangazayo, ayenqabi izinhlanzi nama-amphibians. Kepha ngentokozo efanayo udla imbewu, izimpande zezitshalo, namajikijolo.
Ama-cray cray enza isidleke emhlabathini, kubekwa amaqanda amabili kuphela, nawo odlala indima ekwehliseni isibalo sezinyoni. Izidleke ziyaxhuma emasondweni ezimoto, ezinyathelwa yimfuyo.
I-Woodpecker enezinyawo ezintathu
E-taiga esenyakatho yeTatarstan, ungathola izinhlobo kuphela phakathi kwabasebenza ngamapulangwe abanganazo ezine, kodwa iminwe emithathu emilenzeni yabo - lena yi-Woodpecker enezinyawo ezintathu.
Ayimikhulu kangako, inkulu kakhulu kunenkanyezi, i-Woodpecker enamazinyo amathathu ilusizo ngendlela engafani nohlobo lwesifunda. Ubulala izinambuzane ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, ezinye izinyoni ezingenakufinyelela kuzo. Iqaphile futhi ayihlangani, le nkuni ihlala ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu ze-taiga yaseTatarstan. Ukuyifunda kunzima impela.
I-Peregrine Falcon
Ibuye ibe nesihloko esithi "iningi-iningi" phakathi kwezinyoni ngokuya ngejubane lendiza. Encane, enomzimba ohlangene futhi ococekile. Isifuba esibanzi esine-keel enkulu, amaphiko amade abukhali, umsila onamandla omfushane. I-Peregrine Falcon ngesikhathi sokudonswa iba nesivinini esilingana nesivinini sendiza yendiza.
Phakathi kwama-falcons, ivelele ngoba isikhali sayo esiyinhloko akusiyona imilomo, kodwa ama-paws anezandla ezibukhali ngokungafani nalutho. Ngazo, njengeqoqo lezimimese, isisulu siyandiza sivuleke futhi siyabulala.
Isilwi esinonya sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, i-peregrine falcon ngendlela yokuphila siyisizungu esibuhlungu. I-pex yamanga we-peregrine idalwa kuphela ngenkathi kwakhiwa izidleke. Zonke ezinye izikhathi baphila ngokuqinile eyodwa ngasikhathi. Bahlukanisa insimu phakathi kwabo, bangaxosha ngisho nezihlobo nezinye izinyoni zokuphanga emazweni abo.
Isiphithiphithi seMarsh
Ifana kakhulu kusuka kude nakuma-hawks, kepha incane futhi ihle kakhulu. ISwitch inyanga eTatarstan ihlala emathangeni asemaphethelweni ngasemaphethelweni wamaphethelo, eduze nemifula. Njengoba imigwaqo engaphandle yesigceme yaseTatarstan idonswe isikhathi eside ngokuhlelekile, le nyoni nayo isengozini yokubhujiswa.
Ummeleli wezinyoni ezimele ngokweqile, i-marsh lun ayinakuzithoba ngokuya ngokudla. Izingela amahashe nezimpundane, ihlasela i-waterfowl, ayideleli inhlanzi. Uqhwaku iyisikhali sayo esiyinhloko nesabekayo ekuhlaseleni. Isidumbu sesilwane esingesihle sidwengulwa ngaso leso sikhathi sibe yizicucu, nenyanga igwinye ngokushesha konke ngaphandle komkhondo.
Udlebe oyisithulu
Ukuhlala emagqeni akude we-taiga esifundeni, ikhukhamba eliyisithulu alibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokungezwa. Izwi lakhe lifana kakhulu nezwi le-cockoo ejwayelekile, kepha lifakwe ngaphezulu futhi lifana hhayi "i-cockoo", kepha "do-doo", ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela ephansi.
Iphinde ibekele amaqanda ezinye izinyoni, kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iziphonsa ohlotsheni olulodwa lwenyoni - amachwane.
I-Order: Passeriformes (lat. Passeriformes)
I-White Blue Tit, noma amaDukes (g, k) White Wagtail (g, p) Belobrovik (p, ss) I-tit tit enkulu, noma enkulu (g, o) I-Great shrike (p) Ingxoxo (g, p) Burogolovaya gaitka, noma i-puffer (g, k) Bluethroat (g, p) Raven (g, gp) Reel, noma yurok (p) IJackdaw (g, k) iRedstart (c, n) iRedstart (c) pt. Inqola yentaba (g, n) Umgwinyo wedolobha, noma i-funnel (g, n) Rook (g, n, zm) uBelow ukugwinya, noma ukugwinya. killer whale (g, p) Deryaba (p) undlunkulu wendlu (g, o, k) I-Blackbird warbler (g, n) Dubonos (g, n) Dubrovnik (g, n) Izinqola eziphuzi (g, n) Inqola enomqhele ophuzi (g, n) I-kinglet ekhanda ophuzi (k) Zaryanka (g, n) I-Green wand (g, n) i-Green wand (g, n) ) UGreenfinch (n) Finch (g, n) u-Oriole (g, n) u-Indian warbler (g, n) Kamenka-pleshanka (g) Warbler oatmeal (g, n) U-Warbler-badger (g, n) uKedari (h) Klest -loovik (zm, k) Klest-pine-umuthi (h) Linnet (g, n) Isikebhe esibomvu (n) Kuksha (s) I-Lapland plantain (zm) I-curler yehlathi (h) I-ridling yehlathi (g, n) I-Meadow ihhashi (n) I-Meadow mint (g, n) I-lark encane (h) Muscovite, noma i-tit tit emnyama (g, k) Izimpukane pestle (g, p) I-Common Kamenka (g, p) i-oatmeal ejwayelekile (g, p) I-pika ejwayelekile (zm, k) Izinsimbi ezivamile (g, p) I-Common nuthatch (g, k) I-Remez ejwayelekile (g, p) Ikhilikithi ejwayelekile (g, p) Oatmeal-crumb (p) Oatmeal-remez (p) Olyapka (h) Mothball (g, k) Iculo thrush (p, gp) Iculo lekhilikithi (p) Chum-weed (g, p) Chum UZarnichka (p) Chiffin (tenor), uquqaba (c) Ukuqumba (g, p) I-Strogated thrush (p) ISpar (g, o, k) I-Field lark (g, p) I-ridge yasensimini (g , p) IHazel (c) Punochka (gp) Ikhilikithi edlalwe (p) Ikhilikithi yomfula (g , p) Izimpondo zenkanyezi (p) Izinkanyezi ezi-Pink (h) I-Field war (g, p) I-war warbler (g, p) i-Garden oatmeal (g, p). Engadini Warbler (g, n) Waxwing (g) Crow (g, g) Grec flycatcher (g, g) Grey grouse (g, g) Grey bullfinch (h) lenteli yaseSiberia (g) Siberian thruls (g) Siberian julane (g) h) Sinehvostka (p) Starling (g, n) Cowl (g, n) Bullfinch (gp) Jay (s) Nightingale (g, n) Nightingale red-neched (g, n) Magpie (g, o) Shrike Julan ( g, p) I-Steppe ihhashi (p) Umdanso wokudonsa kweTundra (gp) Uragus (gp) I-mustachioed tit (g, k) iqhude elimnyama (g, g) Isikhethi esinenhloko yomnyama (g, g) Isimangalo esimnyama esimnyama (g, g) Isinkulumo esimnyama esimnyama (g ) Isigaxa esimnyama esimile okwempisi (p) Isigaxa esimnyama esimile (g, p) I-Blackbird (h) Umhlathi omnyama Onokov (gp) Chechetko (gp) Ciz (r, n) Goldfinch (r, n) Schoor (gp) Hawb warbler (r, n)
Isikhathi sokufika
Inyoni enhle i-waterfowl, futhi indiza iya eTatarstan ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kanye ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.Le nyoni ithanda ukuchitha ubusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, futhi ihamba ibanga elide ukusuka e-Afrika, ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, Japan, Eningizimu noma eNtshonalanga Yurophu ukuya eTatarstan ukuyokwakha isidleke nokukhulisa inzalo entsha. Izidleke ezinamakhanda abomvu angena eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, yinto yabazingeli nabathandi bokuzingela ezemidlalo.
Bore Buzzard
Ifana kakhulu nama-hawks, kepha ixubeke ngaphezulu futhi inezimpaphe eziningi ezinde ezi-fluffy emilenzeni yazo, lapho yathola khona igama lakhe. I-buzzard ye-leggy ingabizwa ngokuthi i-omnivorous. Kubamba amagundane, ama-gophers kanye namanye amagundane, kungahlasela izinyoni ezincane. Kepha ebusika elinamaqhwa elambile akubeki phansi isithunzi.
Ngokuya ngezindawo zokuhlala zingaphenduki. Uhlala ehlathini ewa. Uyawathanda amasimu aqonde ukwehla. Ingatholwa emaphethelweni ehlathi. I-Buzzard iyinhlangano ye-bantam buzzard. Uma ikhava leqhwa eTatarstan likhulu ebusika, khona-ke iningi lalezi zinyoni zindiza eTurkmenistan. Uma kuneqhwa elincane, futhi namagundane wokuzingela akulula, ahlala ebusika.
Bukela ividiyo ekhuluma ngesipani - inyoni yaseTatarstan.
Ukubukeka
I-dive yabantu abadala inesisindo somzimba esimaphakathi samasentimitha angama-58. Ngokwesisindo, ingafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-0.7 kuya kwayi-1.1. Inomsila omfushane ococekile, isici esiyingqayizivele ingemuva eligobekile ngenkathi libhukuda. Intamo yedigiya imfushane, umzimba umunene. Amawashi ale nyoni akhiwe ngemuva kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho emi, ancika phambili ngokuqinile.
Uqhwaku lwaleli dada lilingana nobude bekhanda; lunwebekile kancane phansi. I-plumage yamaphiko nomzimba inombala ojwayelekile, iphethini elimhlophe grey liyabonakala kahle.
Owesifazane osemdala kulula impela ukuhlukanisa nowesilisa. Anamaphethini ehlukene kanye nemibala ekhanda. Kwowesilisa, kupende ngombala obomvu onsundu, kuthi kowesifazane kube ophuzi-nsundu.
Habitat
Lezi zinyoni ezifudukayo zaseTatarstan zikhetha izindawo ezivundile kakhulu zamachibi, amadamu okugcina. Izindawo ezamukeleka kakhulu kuzo ngamachibi ajulile anezimila eziningi. Izindonga zomhlanga ophakeme ziyindawo yokuthanda izidleke. Isiziba esinombala obomvu asisoze sahlala lapho kunokudla okungekho khona, ukujula kwamanzi okwamukelekayo.
Amachibi angenamkhawulo agwema ukudonsa. Zitholakala ezindaweni zokubhukuda, izingxenye zemifula enenkambo ezolile, amadamu okwakhiwa ngokungemthetho.
Ukuziphatha ngokudansa
Lezi zinyoni zaseTatarstan zihlala ezikoleni, zingahlala nabanye abamele umndeni wamadada. Ziqine kakhulu lapho zihamba emhlabathini, ngakho-ke zichitha isikhathi sazo esiningi emanzini. Dive bese ubhukuda ushona ngokuphelele. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, bona, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, abayeki, kodwa bathelele ngaphansi kwamanzi, bese belinda isikhathi esingesihle.
Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, izimbotshana ezinamakhanda abomvu azikwazi ukundiza, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukuchitha lesi sikhathi nezihlobo zazo kude nezindawo lapho zingaba isisulu sabazingeli noma abantu.
Izwi lezinyoni linezwi elikhulu, lifana nokugqwala. I-dive indiza ngokushesha, ngendlela eqondile.
I-Peregrine falcon
Ama-Falcons - ajwayelekile izinyoni ezidliwayo zaseTatarstan. I-Peregrine Falcon ingenye yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-falcon. Isisindo sowesifazane osekhulile sisukela ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 kg. I-Wingspan ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2. Izinduna zincanyana, ngesisindo nosayizi ziphansi kabili kunabesifazane.
Ingubo yenyoni ingwevu emnyama, icishe ibe mnyama ngenhla, ingxenye yomzimba omnyama noyimpunga ekhanyayo nengxenye engezansi efanele. Izilinganiso zihambelana nombono womhlaseli omuhle onemibala. I-aerodynamics ephelele ikuvumela ukuba uhlasele izisulu ngejubane lama-320 km / h.
Entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli, esidlekeni esihlelwe endaweni ephakeme, insikazi ibeka futhi ibambe amaqanda ama-3. Esikhathini esingangenyanga kamuva, kuvela amachwane angenamehlo anwele. Ngemuva kwenyanga bezama ukuthatha uhambo, phakathi nehlobo bagcina ngokuhlukana ngokunakekelwa kwabazali.
I-Peregrine Falcons ithatha ngempumelelo impela ukudingiswa. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo ezindizayo ezingenasisekelo, ama-peregrine falcons abahlanganyeli abajwayelekile ku-falconry. I-Peregrine falcons ayihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu: iminyaka eyi-15-17.
Kobchik
Umhlaseli omncane wezinhlobo zohlobo oluthile lobuhlanya. Ubukhulu abudluli ijuba. Inesisindo kusuka ku-130 kuye ku-200 g.Ama-Wings aqhuma angabi ngaphezu kwama-75-78 cm.Lawo ma-falcons anomlomo ongaxakile, futhi ongenamandla. Abesilisa nabesifazane bangahlukaniswa ngemibala. Owesilisa onomzimba ophambili wokuhola, isisu esibomvu sezitini. Insikazi impunga ngemisipha eguqukayo ngemuva, phezulu kwekhanda libomvu.
Idla izidleke emahlathini-ama-steppes futhi itholakala kumapaki amadolobha lapho ithola khona ukudla okuyinhloko - izinambuzane. Ikati elincane libabamba ngezihlakala zalo ngempukane noma libaqoqe emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwama-dragonflies, amabhungane, izintethe, kuhlasela undlunkulu namajuba.
Imidumba emincane ayivami ukudala izidleke zayo; ithwala izakhiwo zama-corvid: izingwegwe, amagwababa. Njengoba nje zihlala emakoloni amancane. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kwenyanga yokuqanduselwa, kuzalwa inzalo, ngokuvamile amaphuphu angu-2-5. Ukuzalela amaphuphu ngesikhathi kuyahambisana nokubukeka kwezinambuzane eziningi. Abesilisa, njengawo wonke amaza, abaphili iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-17.
Ukuzala
Kwakhiwa amabhangqa amabili phakathi kokundiza. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Owesilisa utholakala eduze esidlekeni, kepha akabambi iqhaza ekunakekelweni nasekufundweni kwezingane.
Isidleke samadada achaziwe asiyisiqalo, siyigodi elijwayelekile elingajulile emhlabathini, elimbozwe ngotshani. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayishumi nambili. Ukubopha isigaxa enzalweni yaso ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingama-26. Amantombazane ngemuva kokuzalwa izinyanga ezimbili asezandleni zikamama, ngemuva kwalokho aqala impilo ezimele.
Izimbila ziyizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu zeTatarstan. Kuyathakazelisa ukubukwa ngesikhathi sokudla. Amadada ancwila ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi angahlala lapho imizuzwana engu-16, futhi aqhamuke kwenye indawo. Futhi zikhuthele kakhulu emanzini angajulile, lapho zithanda ukukhephuza nokukhohlisa.
Isigaxa esenziwe ngomnyama
Ngaphandle, inentamo eminyene, ububanzi bekhanda le-loon. Le nyoni futhi inomlomo oqondile, ocijile kanye nosilika ocwazimulayo. Kufakwe usayizi kusuka kwibhamu, ngobude kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-73. Abanye abesilisa banesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-3,4.
Kunokubukwa kwesilondolozi saseNizhnekamsk. Njengazo zonke izingodo, le nyoni 'iboshelwe' emanzini; ikhethwa kumhlaba wodwa ukuze ungafakwa emanzini. Imilenze iguqulwe emsileni ivimbela ukuhamba emhlabathini. Ngalezi kuphela penguin pose.
Ama-Loonies akhetha amachibi amakhulu apholile
IBlack Brant: incazelo
Akuvamile eTatarstan, kepha usengayithola le nyoni enhle. Ungowamadada, kubukeka njenge-goose. Lolu hlobo lincane kunawo wonke ama-goose. Isisindo esijwayelekile singamakhilogremu amabili, ubude bomzimba bufika ngamasentimitha ayisithupha. Izinyoni zisondele ekuqothulweni, zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuzingela. Imbangela yokuqothuka ngamachibi angcolile.
Lezi zinyoni eTatarstan ziyafuduka, ngoba indawo enkulu yazo zikhetha i-tundra, ugu lolwandle.
Umbala we-goose uthakazelisa kakhulu. Iningi lomzimba wakhe limbozwe izimpaphe ngombala onsomi, onsundu. Isisu nezinhlangothi zilula, kuthi emuva kube mnyama. Izimpaphe zomsila nomsila osemaphikweni zimhlophe, intamo, umlomo, ikhanda nemilenze kumnyama. Entanyeni kukhona imicu emhlophe engalingani ifana nekhola.
IBlack Goose ithanda ubusika eMpumalanga ye-Asia, eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Yurophu kanye nasogwini lolwandle i-Atlantic ne-Pacific. Lezi zinyoni zifika ezindaweni zobusika kuphela ogwini.
Umkhulu Omkhulu
Igama lesibili lenyoni yi-chomga. Ngobude, ifinyelela kuhafu wemitha. Ezinye izinto zangasese zincane. Le nyoni inentamo ende futhi emincane, umlomo oqondile futhi oqondile, ikhanda eliphakeme. Okokugcina engutsheni yomshado kuhlotshiswe ngezingubo ezimnyama ezinsundu kanye ne-crest emqheleni. Banikeza ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu le-toadstool ivolumu eyengeziwe.
Kwiriphabhulikhi, kuncane ngenani, kepha abantu basatshalaliswa esifundeni sonke. Ukuqongelelwa okukhulu kunabo bonke kuyabonakala emikhondweni yedamu laseNizhnekamsk naseKuibyshev.
Ngaphezu kwe-chomga, iTatarstan ihlalwa ngabantu abamnyama, abanezinwele ezibomvu, abampunga nabampunga abancane.
UChomga ubizwa ngokuthi yigriza ngenxa yephunga elibi lenyama
I-Cormorant
Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bufinyelela amasentimitha angama-95. Isisindo sicishe sibe amakhilogremu amathathu.Ngaphandle, i-cormorant ibonakala ngamapulangwe amnyama. Kukhona isichibi se -orenji entanyeni ende.
Kuze kube ngekhulu le-19, kwakuyinto ejwayelekile eTatarstan, esidlekeni kwiVolga naseKay. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu lama-21, izinhlobo zinqabile kakhulu, zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu leRiphabhulikhi kanye neRussia. Abantu abangashadile batholakala emfuleni i-Ushnya naseKha engezansi.
I-pelican epinki
Lokhu sekuvele kungummeleli womndeni wakwaPelican, otholakala ku-republic on par on a curly look. UPinke uqanjwe kanjalo ngombala wezimpaphe. Zezithoni ezinobumnene. Inyoni ngokwayo injenge-swan.
Umehluko osabekayo umucu kuphela onesikhwama sesikhumba ngaphansi. Kamuva, i-pelican igcina izinhlanzi. Ubude bomlomo bufika ngamasentimitha angama-47. Lolu uhlobo lwama-tweezers okudoba.
E-Tatarstan, yicici elilodwa lepinki elipinki elaqashelwa. Inyoni le ibisidla emfuleni i-Belaya, eduze komlomo.
Grey heron
Ungowomndeni we-heron. Umbala wesimo uyinhlanganisela ehlukile emaphikweni omlotha nomnyama, umnyama ofanayo osekhanda. Uqhwaku nemilenze yenyoni ibomvu.
I-heron grey itholakala eTatarstan kanye ne-heron enkulu emhlophe, kanye nama-bittern amancane nezinkulu. Cishe amakhulu amabili eminyaka, izinhlobo zezilwane zivamile futhi zivamile eRiphabhulikhi.
Isinkwa
Phakathi kwama-ciconiiformes, ungowomndeni wakwa-ibis. Kuyo, yonke inemibala ephakathi nendawo, eqakaleni. Isinkwa naso. Ikhanda, intamo nomzimba ongaphezulu wenyoni ye-chestnut. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iplamu linsundu. Ezimpondweni kwehla okuluhlaza okwethusi. Ukubonakaliswa kwensimbi kuyabonakala.
Izinyoni zaseTatarstan esithombeni imvamisa “ebolekwe” ezithombeni ezivela kwezinye izifunda. Isinkwa sandiza eRiphabliki ngokwaso kabili kuphela. Icala lokugcina laqoshwa ngonyaka we-1981. Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-ibis eTatarstan, futhi, lwenzeka, kanye, ngonyaka we-1989. Kumayelana ne-spoonbill.
IKaravayka ibizwa nangokuthi i-ibis engcwele.
Ingulube emhlophe
Izinyoni ezifudukayo zaseTatarstan Imindeni yama-Stork inkulu kakhulu kunezinhlangano eziningi ezinemibala. Ubude bomzimba wezinyoni bungaphezu kwemitha. Izimpiko zoqwayizi zingaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Okufakiwe kunesisindo esingu-4 kilos. Intambo yengulube iba mnyama ngokuqhathaniswa ne-ibis noma i-heron. Uqhwaku oluqondile nolude lwenyoni, njengemilenze, lubomvu ngombala. Isidumbu sengubo simhlophe ngaphandle kwezimpaphe.
ETatarstan, kwaqubuka izingwamza ezifundeni zaseBuinsky naseChistopolsky. Kukhona nezidleke emngceleni neRepublic, ikakhulukazi, ezifundeni zase-Ulyanovsk naseNizhny Novgorod. Kukhona enye inyoni yaseTatarstan - emnyama.
Izinyoni zeFlamingo zaseTatarstan
Kuyi-republic, i-detachment imelwe yizinhlobo eyodwa - i-flamingo ejwayelekile. Ungowomndeni ovutha amalangabi. Ukubonakala kwale nyoni kwaziwa yibo bonke. Kwiriphabhulikhi, ama-flamesos ayizikhala. Izinyoni zazibonwa ngawodwana nasemhlambini omncane. ETatarstan, izinhlobo ezisengozini zisengozini, zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
I-turpan evamile
Okukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwamadada, ngobude bufinyelela amasentimitha angama-58. Isisindo sale nyoni ngamakhilogremu ayi-1.5. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo zinsundu, kanti ezesilisa zimnyama ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe namapheshana ngaphansi kwamehlo. I-turpan ibuye ihlukaniswe ngomlomo one-hump.
ITurpan ibonakala kalula yi-hump ekhaleni
Ngaphezu kwe-duck turpan izinyoni republic of Tatarstan amelelwa yi-goose emnyama, ebhekene nobuso obumhlophe futhi ebomvu obomvu, ama-goose grey and white, goosebird, piscule, swans swans kanye nezimungulu, inja yomlilo, grebe kanye nemallard.
I-goose enesifuba esimhlophe
Uhlu lolo lufaka ikhwela le-teal kanye ne-gaiter, idada elimpunga, impisi, i-pintail, i-wide-toed, ulwandle, inhloko emnyama, i-crested kanye nomnyama onamehlo amhlophe.
I-Duck pintail
Kusalokhu kukhulunywa ngomatilosi, i-gogol ejwayelekile, idada elinamakhanda amhlophe, ikhempu enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikati elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphanga, ukuqina nokude.
I-Merganser
Osprey
Umhlane wayo nomsila onsundu, kanti lonke ipuleti limhlophe ngaphandle kwemisho emibalabala evela kude emehlweni kuye ezinhlangothini zentamo. Le nyoni inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili, futhi ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-60.
ETatarstan nasemhlabeni jikelele, i-osprey ayivelakancane kakhulu. Le nyoni ibhalwe ku-International Red Book. Cishe amabhangqa ayi-10 ama-ospreys abalwa kulo lonke laseTatarstan.
Ikayithi emnyama
Ungowomndeni we-hawk. Le nyoni in nsundu ngokuphelele.I-plumage yehlela emilenzeni engezansi. Azide. Umzimba onemibala nawo mncane. Umsila nezimpiko ezimelene nesendlalelo saso zibonakala zinde ngokungalingani.
I-kite emnyama ijwayelekile eTatarstan futhi yande kabanzi. Ikakhulu izinyoni eziningi ezigodini zemifula, ngokwesibonelo, izindawo zeZakamsky.
Ukuhleleka kwama-hawvak kwama-Falconiformes eTatarstan kufaka phakathi isidlo sezinyosi esijwayelekile, imashi, i-steppe, umhlobiso kanye ne-moons yensimu, i-sparrowhawk ne-goshawk, i-buzzard yasebusika, i-Buzzard ne-European turk. Kusele ukwengeza isidlo senyoka, i-buzzard ejwayelekile, ukhozi olufiphele, umhlophe-umsila kanye ne-steppe, izinkozi ezincane nezinkulu ezinamabala, indawo yokungcwaba, ukhozi lwegolide.
Esithombeni, ukhozi lwasebusika
Isithombo seGriffon
Iphindisela umndeni wesithathu we-detachment - falcon. Inyoni le ibukeka intamo emnyama. Umehluko umbala okhanyayo, okuxhunyaniswe kuwo umzimba onsundu nekhanda elimhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-slimmer enezinwele kanye nentamo emnyama emincane. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane esinamakhanda amhlophe awudluli amasentimitha ayi-115. Isisindo sale nyoni kuleli cala sifinyelela amakhilogremu ayi-12.
I-Griffon Vultures - izinyoni ezidliwayo zaseTatarstanetholakala ngokufuduka ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda. Kodwa-ke, ukuma kwezinyoni eRiphabhulikhi kuwuphawu olubi. Imisuka kungukuqhekeka futhi kundiza phakathi neminyaka yezinkomo nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.
I-Partridge
Inyoni yomndeni we-grouse iboshwe, inemilenze emifushane futhi ikhokhiswa iDemo. Umlomo ugobe phansi kancane. Izinyawo zinezinwele, zilondolozwa eqandeni. I-Ptarmigan ihlala izifunda ezinzima. I-plumage yombala isiza ukufihla isizinda seqhwa.
Ukuba ngumdabu wasenyakatho, i-partridge ifika eTatarstan ekufudukeni, kuyaqabukela eRiphabhulikhi. Hlangana nezinyoni zenzeka ezindaweni zangaphambi kweVolga ne-Pre-Kama. I-grouse, i-capercaillie kanye ne-hazel grouse eTatarstan zivame kakhulu.
Ama-Partridge paws ambozwe izimpaphe, esiza izinyoni zikwazi ukusinda iqhwa
I-Quail
Ngokubambisene nohlaza ophansi, imelela izinyoni zomndeni ezi-pheasant republic. I-quail phakathi kwenkukhu yincane kunazo zonke, inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-130, futhi ayidluli amasentimitha angama-20 ubude.
I-Quail - inyoni ejwayelekile emasimini nasezindalini zezwe. Iningi labamele izinhlobo zezinto ezisempumalanga ebanzi esifundeni.
Dodger encane
Phakathi kwemikhonto, ingeyomndeni womalusi. Inyoni encane. Ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-20. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso sengeza imilenze emide ezinzwaneni ezeluliwe. Onezimpiko unamaphiko kanye nomsila okhomba. Uqhwaku dodger omncane ubukhali.
Okuncane kuhluka kusuka kwamanye amathuba ngokuhambisana. Umndeni uhlanganisa nomelusi, i-coronella, i-moorhen, i-coot kanye ne-baby droppings.
Krechetka
Ubukhulu buqhathaniswa nembala, kepha ine-crest, nekhanda lesincane esinezinwele. Ku-ratchet, inkulu futhi ngaphandle kwe-crest. Phezu kwephunga lenyoni kukhona mnyama.
IKrechetka ihlala emaqeleni aseningizimu yeTatarstan. Izinyoni zindizela lapho. I-republic akuyona indawo ehlala njalo yendawo yokwakha ama-ratchet.
IKrechetka ingeyama-charadriiformes. Emndenini waseTatarstan, kukhona futhi: izinzwane, i-zuyek encane, uthayi, uqweqwe, umphetho, i-golden plover kanye ne-rock-neck.
Ummeli
Ku-oda amaCharadriiformes afakwe emndenini wama-styloves. Akusekho abanye abamele eRiphabhulikhi. Igama lezinyoni zaseTatarstan ngenxa yokwakheka komlomo. Kungamasentimitha angama-7 ubude, mncane futhi kukhonjiswe ekugcineni.
Uqhwaku, njengaphezulu kwekhanda, intamo nendawo engaphansi kwamaphiko enyoni, kumnyama. Ezinemibala emhlophe enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omude, onjengentamo. Umsila kaShiloklyuv umfushane.
Ubude bomzimba weShilokluv bungamasentimitha angama-45. Isisindo somzimba wenyoni singama-450 amagremu.
Magpie
Uhlobo lodwa lomndeni womndeni we-waders-amane kule republic. Inyoni enamakhaza, ifaka uqhwaku olude, oluqinile. Iqondile, ibomvu. ISandpiper ngokwayo imnyama futhi imhlophe. Imilenze yoqhwaku enezinwele, kodwa ifushane.
Phakathi kwamazwe aseTatarstan, i-kulik-magpie yakhetha isifunda se-Kama. Ngekhulu lama-20, inyoni yayijwayelekile le republic, isatshalaliswa. Manje isibalo sezinhlobo siyancipha, okuholele ekufakweni kwe-sandpiper kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yesifunda.
I-Woodcock
Phakathi kwamaCharadriiformes, kubhekwa ilungu lomndeni wakwaSnipe. I-Woodcock inkulu, igoqwa, inomlomo oqondile, omude futhi oqinile. Umbala wenyoni yi-motley ngamathoni abomvu ansundu. Ophikweni ngalunye lwesilwane kukhona feather eyodwa enhle. Abapendi badweba imigqa emihle kakhulu. Zivame ukukhonjiswa kwizithonjana, emacaleni kagwayi, kumabhisikidi.
Izimpaphe zeWoodcock ziyisihlahla esivumayo. Ubude bawo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-2. I-blade inenqenqema ebukhali. Bazodonsela kubo.
UWoodcock uyisakhamuzi esivamile samaxhaphozi aseTatarstan
Ngaphezu kokujwayelekile nokuchichima okwenzeka e-Tatarstan woodcock esifundeni kunezinye izinyoka. Kunezingu-27 Izibonelo yilezi: ama-sonwitters amakhulu namancane, ama-curlews amakhulu naphakathi, izimbobo ezingenamsoco, amabhlogo, ama-sandwich ase-Icelandic kanye nolwandle, i-dunlin. Iningi lazo lisendaweni yokuphindisela.
ISteppe Tirushka
Umeleli kuphela womndeni waseTirkushev eRiphabhuliki. Le nyoni ifana ne-raspberry yensiza, kepha esikhundleni sokumboza ama-chestnut inezimnyama nezinkudlwana. Isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela ku-105 amagremu. Awukho umugqa omhlophe emaphethelweni wephiko le-steppe.
ETatarstan, i-steppe tirkushka ibhekwa njengendiza, futhi iyivelakancane. Isikhathi sokugcina lapho abanemibala sabonwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu esifundeni sase-Upper Uslon.
Skuas
Ku-Charadriiformes yoku-oda, kufakwa emndenini wama-skuas. Okufakwe umsila omfushane kuyo yikhona okuvame kakhulu. Ubungako benyoni enomkhovu ompunga. Ngokubukeka, izimpaphe zomsila obunjiwe zomsila ziveza ngaphezu komphetho wazo. I-protrusion ifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-14.
Ngaphezu kwe-ta-short, tava kutholakala eTatarstan. Inomlomo ocijile ngaphezulu nekhanda elikhulu. Umbono weRiphabhulikhi uyivelakancane, uvamisile.
I-Eastern Klusha
Umndeni onezinwele zama-gulls. Inyoni ipendiwe ngmpunga. Uma uyiqhathanisa nesinono sesiliva, umbala umnyama mnyama, uma une-whale ejwayelekile - ilula. Ubude besilwane babuye baba isilinganiso, bufika kumasentimitha angama-48. Isisindo se-buckwheat yasempumalanga siyahluka phakathi kwama-gramu angama-750 kuya ku-1350.
I-klush yaseMpumalanga ijwayelekile kuwo wonke amachibi, amadamu okugcina amanzi, imifula kanye namachibi aseTatarstan, okungeke kushiwo ngezinye izinto ezishubile esifundeni: ukuhleka okukhanda elimnyama, imikhohlana emincane nesiliva, ijuba lasolwandle, umgqekeza. Kunamalungu omndeni ayi-16 esifundeni.
Saja
Iphindisela umndeni we-grouse yasentabeni. Azisekho ezinye izinyoni ezinikezwe zona esifundeni. USaji uphakamise izimpaphe zomsila ophakathi nendawo. Zigoqwe kancane, zilenga njengezintambo. Emilenzeni yesilwane akukho nozinyo lwasemuva, futhi olungaphambili lwenxenye lwaluhlangene lube munye.
Izihlakala ezibanzi nezifiphele kuso zinjengezimpuphu. Futhi, imilenze ye-saji iboshwe ngokuphelele. Kubukeka sengathi ubheka i-paw of hare, hhayi inyoni.
ISaju eTatarstan ayikaze ibonwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Ijuba eliluhlaza
Iphindisela umndeni wamajuba. Phakathi kwazo, izinhlobo zezilwane ziningi kakhulu. Emazweni republic kukhona izinhlobo ezifuywayo nezasendle zasendle ijuba elimpunga.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-republic ihlalwa ngamajuba anjengokuthi: amajuba amakhulu, ajwayelekile futhi anegundane, i-vyakhir, i-clintukh.
I-cuckoo evamile
Ungowomndeni we-cuckoo. Le nyoni inomsila omfishane namaphiko amancanyana. Umzimba ophezulu we-cockoo uvame ukupenda ngompunga. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunezinyoni ezibomvu.
Ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, kutholakala ikhukhamba eliyisithulu emazweni aseTatarstan. Ibizwa kanjalo sibonga ngezwi elihlanganiswe ngaphakathi. Enye inyoni incane kunokujwayelekile.
Isikhova esisikiwe
Lesi isikhova sobukhulu benkukhu. Ekhanda elikhulu neliyindilinga, kuvezwa i-disc ebusweni. Ifaka inyoni nomsila omude. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isilwane sibukeka njengesikhova esimpunga esincane. Leyo toni emdaka yeplamu ishiwo kakhulu kunaleyo eye-tahes ende.
Umndeni wesikhova esifundeni ubuye uvezwe yisikhova esinezimpaphe no-grey, inyoni enkulu, ene-eyed, emhlophe, umish kanye nesikhova, inyoni eklolodayo, isikhova, isigaxa sendlu kanye nesikhova esidlula ngendlela. Konke - izinyoni zasehlathini zaseTatarstan.
Imbuzi ejwayelekile
Unamaphiko amade nomsila. Kepha imilenze enoqhwaku olunesiqhomo nomfushane. Ikhanda lembuzi lithambile, njenge-chizh.Isihloko somlomo wale nyoni sigobekile phansi, futhi isigaba somlomo sibanzi futhi sithweswe umqhele emaphethelweni ngezimpaphe-antennae. Ngisho neKozodoy inamehlo amakhulu ansundu.
Amakhulu amabili eminyaka yocwaningo lwe-ornithological, imbuzi ejwayelekile yayivamile eTatarstan. Ngekhulu lama-21, inani lezinhlobo linciphile kakhulu. Le nyoni ifakwe ku-Red Book of the Republic.
Isishisayo esimnyama
Ummeleli kuphela womndeni osheshayo kusiriphabhulikhi. Le nyoni, njengoba negama lisho, imnyama. Ubukhulu beshesha bukhulu kunegwinyo futhi alisebenzisi, njengaye, endizeni ebukhali, ekwakheni kabusha.
ETatarstan, umjubane omnyama maningi. Isimo lesi sisebenza ngesikhathi sokuqashelwa kwezinhlobo zezinkulungwane (2-century) zezilwane ezenzeka ezweni.
Roller
Kufana ne-jay nosayizi wayo. Le nyoni ingeyamalungu omndeni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abamele bayo eTatarstan abasekho. I-greasy chunky. Le nyoni inekhanda elikhulu nomlomo omkhulu, oqinile. Umsila mfushane kunalowo we-jay, futhi amaphiko mude. Ngokuhlanganiswa kombala we-synovolum, ama-chestnut, amnyama, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhlanganiswe.
ITatararstan ingumngcele osenyakatho wesidleke senkomo emile ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ihlala endaweni eyihlathi-isisekelo eseningizimu ye-republic.
I-kingfisher ejwayelekile
Kungokwabakhwebi benkosi. Le nyoni inomzimba ohlangene, ikhanda elikhulu, uqhwaku olude nolude. Lesi sithombe sihambisana nemibukiso yamathoni e-orange-turquoise.
Izidleke ze-kingfisher zivamile kulo lonke elaseTatarstan, kodwa izinhlobo zazo zincanyana.
Isithandwa sezinhlanzi ezincane ze-Kingfisher
Isidleke sezinyosi zegolide
Esiqeshini esinjenge-swift, simele umndeni wabadla izinyosi. Le nyoni inomzimba ophakeme nombala wela uthingo. Lesi sakamuva sihlanganisa imibala ephuzi, eluhlaza okotshani, owolintshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama, onsomi.
I-bee bee-esidla izinyosi inesisindo esingu-50 amagremu. ETatarstan, inyoni ingandiza, kwesinye isikhathi idle.
I-Woodpecker
Elincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwamapulangwe e-Europe. Inyoni ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-25 amagremu. I-plumage ye-woodpecker encane imnyama futhi imhlophe enemigqa yokudlula okukhanya emuva kwenyoni.
Ama-Woodpeckers amancane azulazula insimu yeTatarstan, ajwayelekile esifundeni, izidleke kuwo minyaka yonke. Izinhlobo ezinemibala zivame ukundizela edolobheni, zikhethe izindawo ezinamasimu ezihlahla kuwo.
Ngaphezu kwenyoni encane emndenini we-Woodpecker esifundeni, kukhona: izinwele ezinombala ompunga, oluhlaza okotshani, o-motley, abamhlophe nabanemifino emhlophe, ophuzi, ama-vertices.
Umsebenzi
Iphindisela umndeni wokugwinya. I-funnel imnyama emhlane enezicucu ezimhlophe ezivela ngaphansi komzimba. Le nyoni inesisindo esingama-gramu angama-20 nezimpukane ngaphandle kokujika okubukhali, isilo, ngokwesibonelo, ukugwinya komuzi. Ubuye nezidleke esifundeni.
Izinhlobo zama-swallow nazo zingezinhlobo zokugwinya eTatarstan. Liningi kulo lonke republic.
I-lark yehlathi
Lokhu kuyinyoni yomndeni we-lark. Okufakwe ngosayizi undlunkulu futhi kupendwe ngamathoni ansundu. Ekhanda lesilwane, kuphakama izimpaphe, zakhe umququ. Lesi yisici sawo wonke amachilo. Zihlukile kuma-nuances. Ukusuka esigangeni eyodwa, isibonelo, ihlathi, inomsila omfishane.
ETatarstan, kutholakala inkemba ehlathini ezigodini zeVolga neKama. Izinhlobo ezingatholakali, ezifakwe ku-Red Book of the Republic.
Kuma-lark esifundeni, kukhona futhi: i-crested, emnyama, emhlophe-enamaphiko namhlophe.
Izinqola eziphuzi
Iphindisela umndeni wezinqola. Le nyoni ifana nenqola emhlophe, kepha ngomsila omfushane. Izinhlobo ezimhlophe azihlali eTatarstan. I-wag cart ephuzi esifundeni ijwayelekile, izidleke ngonyaka.
Phakathi kwezinyoni ezihamba ngezinqola zaseTatarstan kukhona futhi: ihlathi, amabala, umchilo, izikebhe ezibomvu ezibomvu nezesizinda, ikhanda elimnyama, obuso obuphuzi, intaba, inqola emhlophe nenombala ophuzi.
Izinqola ezimhlophe
Umkhohlisi ojwayelekile
Kubhekiselwa ekushwabeni. Le nyoni inekhanda, umsila omude, owakhiwa imibala emhlophe, ebomvu, emnyama, nsundu ne-grey imibala, ngokungathi kunjalo, icindezelwe kusukela ezinhlangothini.
Kuma-shrikes, kuwo kunezinhlobo ezi-3 republic, okujwayelekile kuyikhona kuvame kakhulu futhi kuningi.
Umfundisi
Kanye nenkanyezi ejwayelekile, imelela umndeni wezinkanyezi eTatarstan. Ukubukeka kwepinki kuhlukile kunokwejwayelekile ngomlomo omfishane nosayizi omncane.Umzimba wale nyoni upinki, ikhanda, isifuba namaphiko kumnyama futhi onsomi. Umbala ofanayo we-tuft ekhanda lokuqala kwenkanyezi.
E-Tatarstan, i-pink starling iyivelakancane kakhulu, ubude. Njengomthetho, izinyoni zindizela kuzinkumbi zizothola inzuzo ngeminyaka yokuhlaselwa kwalo okukhulu komhlaba we republic.
UJackdaw
IJackdaw imnyama i-aspid enekhanda elimpunga, eligoqiwe ngokuqinile, ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-34. Le nyoni ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-20 amagremu futhi imele umndeni wama-corvid.
ETatarstan, i-jackdaw ivamile. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala esifundeni ebusika. Amanye ama-jackdaw endiza kubanda emakhazeni afudumele.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zama-corvid esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwama-jackdaws, yilezi: amagwababa ampunga namnyama, ihlungulu, amagwababa, amathe, umsedari, i-jay ne-cockoo.
Ikhilikithi yase-Nightingale
Ubukhulu benyoni busondele impela kwikhilikithi, bunesisindo esingu-11 amagremu. Ubude bomzimba obumenyezelwe - amasentimitha ayi-14. Ngemuva kwekhilikithi kubomvu, futhi phansi komzimba kuyi-beige.
Amakhethini ase-Nightingale - izinhlobo zezingoma zaseTatarstan. I-trill enezinwele iyancanyana, kodwa izwakala ithambile.
Ikhilikithi yase-nightingale ngokulandelana kwamaPasseriformes amele umndeni wamaSlav. Kuyo kwirephabhulikhi kukhona futhi: amakhethini asemifuleni, amabala amabala nazijwayelekile, amaNdiya, swivel, ingadi, isikwati, umhlanga, amabutho amnyama nama-warblers omhlanga, ama-warblers amaningana kanye nama-warblers.
I-flycatcher encane
Abamele lezi zinhlobo baphakathi kwabapheki bezimpukane. Izinyoni ezincane zincane kunamanye amalungu omndeni. Izinyoni zihlangene, zimfishane. Izimpiko nomsila we-flycatcher encane nazo zimfushane. Isilwane sicishe sibe yingxenye yesithathu kunondlunkulu.
Izidleke ezincane zamazwibela eZakamye nase Pre-Volga yaseTatarstan, zithathwa njengezinhlobo ezijwayelekile, eziningi.
Ngaphezu kwe-flycatcher encane, grey, motley kanye nezidleke ezimhlophe ezimhlophe esifundeni.
I-gait enamakhanda amnyama
Ngokulandelana kwezinyoni ezidlula emhlabeni, imelela umndeni we-titmouse. Igajethi inesisindo esingu-10 amagremu. Le nyoni imnyama ngokuphelele, kepha ikhanda licishe limnyama, futhi umbala webele ungamathani ambalwa alula kunombala wangemuva. Lokhu kwehlukanisa igajethi kusuka ekukhukhumaleni. Akukho mkhawulo ocacile phakathi kombala waphezulu nangaphansi komzimba.
IGadget enekhanda elimnyama - uhlobo oluzinzile lwezinyoni, luchitha eTatarstan unyaka wonke. Izinyoni azivamile ezindaweni ezisempumalanga zesifunda, futhi ziningi kwezinye.
ETatarstan, akuyona iRussia kuphela evamile. Inyoni ngayinye inebizo lesiTatar. Isibonelo, uGoose ubizwa ngokuthi i-kaz. Ukhozi lweGolide eTatar - Berkert, kanye ne-rook - Kara hag. Ama-Swans esifundeni abizwa ngokuthi ama-Akkoshes. Owl ngesiTatar - yabolak.
Ukubuka kuqala:
ETataria, izinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo ezihlala lapha okwesikhashana isidleke.
Njengaphakathi kwezilwane, phakathi kwezinyoni kukhona nokungena okufana phakathi kwehlathi nesitebhisi. I-swift enamakhanda amnyama, i-partridge, grey and white, i-bustard kanye ne-lark, insimu nehlathi, eduze ne-Woodpecker enezinyawo ezintathu, i-grouse emnyama, i-capercaillie, isikhova, isikhova, isikhova kanye negogo.
Abakhileyo kulezi zihlambi ziningi: i-lake gull, i- "Volgar" noma i-steamboat gull, i-tern yomfula, kanye nama-swans, goose, amadada, ama-dives kanye nama-mergansers.
Abahlaseli abanezilwane bazizwa njengamakhosi omoya: i-peregrine falcon, i-hawk, i-buzzard buzzard, i-tyuvik, i-vhite enamakhanda amhlophe, i-voul emnyama, ukhozi lwe-steppe, ukhozi lwegolide, i-kite, i-moor eared nezinye - izinhlobo ezingama-28 kuphela.
I-Three-Toed Woodpecker, noma iWoodpecker enamakhanda aphuzi
Abanduleli abacindezelwe, imvamisa ezindaweni ezinamahlathi. Ihlukile kwezinye izinkuni ezihlala esifundeni ngombala ophuzi, hhayi ngombala obomvu wezimpaphe ekhanda.
Ukuzalela ngababili; unyaka wonke kuholela ekuhlaleni wedwa. Ikholi ejwayelekile eyenziwe phakathi nonyaka - i- "bale" noma "teak" ethambile - ingaphansi kunalesi sikhuni esikhulu esidlekile
Idla izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izibungu ze-xylophagous ne-pupae. Phakathi kwamabhungane ama-bark amabhungane kanye ne-barbel predomine, ngokwezinga elincane londla amabhungane amaqabunga, igolidefish, imichilo, amabhungane omhlabathi, amabala, amancanyana kanye nabanye. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi idla izintuthwane, izicabucabu, izimpungushe zamatshe, izintethe, izimpukane, izinyosi, ngisho nezimbaza.
Idla ekudlekeni kwesihlahla ekudleni kwesitshalo futhi kwesinye isikhathi idla amajikijolo asentabeni. Azikho izigaxa ku-clutch. Ku-clutch 3-6 (kuyaqabukela ku-7) amaqanda amhlophe aqukethe ngegobolondo ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo. Zombili lezi zinyoni zihleli eqandeni lokugcina, zihleli, zishintshana amahlandla ama-5-6 ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, ebumnyameni, iduna kuphela elisesidlekeni. Am amaphuphu angenalutho futhi angenasizo azalwa ngokulandelana kwezinsuku eziyi-11 ukuya kwengu-14 emva kokuqala kokufakwa ekufashweni. Bobabili abazali bayashintshana ukubondla, ukugoqa ukudla okulethwe uqhwaku kuqhwaku. Imvamisa kuthule futhi kungazwisisi, ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, abahlaseli bezinkuni bangaphumuli futhi banomsindo, inzalo ekhulayo iyakhala, incike esidlekeni. Eminyakeni engu-22- 26 yezinsuku, amachwane ashiya isidleke bese aqala ukundiza futhi, kodwa-ke, ahlala eduze nabazali isikhathi esingangenyanga, ngemuva kwalokho avele ahlakazeke ..
Ubukhulu buncane kancanyana kunekhaza, futhi isisindo sisuka Ijuba. Ku-plumage yokwanda, ikhanda limdaka omnyama, kusuka kude kubukeka kumnyama. Ingubo ngimpunga okhanyayo. Uqhwaku nemilenze zibomvu okumnyama. Ihluka ngosayizi omncane ngosayizi, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaplamu amnyama ekhanda awathinti emuva kwekhanda,
indawo engezansi yephiko ayimnyama, kuphela izimpiko zamaphiko zimnyama .. Ku-ekwindla yangoquku ekwindla, kuphela "icici" elihlala limnyama ekhanda futhi kusenokuba khona “amabala” amancane. Encane, umbala oyinhloko wehla unombala onsundu futhi ubomvu onsundu futhi umotley kakhulu, umsila onsundu
band. Isisindo 200-320 g, ubude 38-44 cm. Izilonda ezikoloni kusuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana kuya kwezimbili.
Bahlala emanzini ahlukahlukene angaphakathi ezweni, ikakhulukazi endaweni ephansi. Kubonakala entwasahlobo cishe emanzini aphakeme noma ngaphambi nje kwawo futhi ngokushesha kugxila emakoloni, amaningi awo akhona amashumishumi eminyaka, amanye kube inkathi eyodwa noma ezimbili, ngokuya ngokulondolozwa kwendawo uqobo. Ezinye izinyoni zivela eningizimu sezivele zimbhangqwana, ezinye zifana ngamabili kumakholoni nasezindaweni zawo. Iningi lezinyoni ezindala libuyele koloni unyaka nonyaka, kepha ezinye ziya kwezinye, izindawo ezingomakhelwane, noma eziqhelile.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bakha isidleke ndawonye ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, ikakhulukazi kusuka otshanini obumanzi nobuthambile obuyingxenye. Emabhampini aphezulu, isidleke singaba sincane kakhulu, umgodi kuphela onomugqa owomile. Kukhona izidleke ezingacishe zibe yi-1 m ngaphezudlwana kwama-30-40 cm ukuphakama. Ku-clutch kukhona kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3, amaqanda ama-3 kaningi. Kunamaqanda ama-4 noma ngaphezulu, kepha lawo angamawele amaningi. Umbala wamaqanda uhlukahluka kakhulu - kusuka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okumhlophe okunokhilimu cishe okungenawo iphethini kuye onsundu omnyama, onendawo eqinile, evamile okuluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo onsundu noma oluhlaza okotshani, onamabala ahlukahlukene ansundu. Ubukhulu bamaqanda bungama-41-69 x 30- 40 mm. Owesilisa nowesifazane bayashiswa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, kuqhamuka isiyaluyalu ekholoni, izinyoni zimemeze, indilinga, dive, ifafaze isiphalaphaza. Izinyoni ezidla imvula namagwababa ziyahlasela futhi zihambe. Kodwa-ke, izidleke zidilizwa yizo zombili izinhlanya zezindiza nezisemhlabeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubumbana okuphindaphindwayo kuvame kakhulu. Isikhathi sokufuduka yizinsuku ezingama-22- 26. Amakati ahlala ngaphakathi koloni noma azungeze, aqala ukundiza kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ubudala. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, amakoloni ahamba futhi azulazule kabanzi. Enyakatho, le nkathi imfushane kakhulu futhi ngokushesha indiza. Izinyoni zokugcina zindiza ekwindla sekwephuzile. Athuthela emaphaketheni, ahambisane nokwehla okungalingani okubanzi, iketanga, i-arc, umugqa we-wavy noma olunye uhlelo olude. Ukudla kwehluka kakhulu - izikelemu, izinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates, aqoqwe kokubili emanzini nasemhlabeni, imvamisa emasimini. Zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu zidlala indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho izinyoni eziningi zibuthana ekubuthweni komhlaba. Shaya izinhlanzi ezigulayo nezikhiyiwe, ubambe Fry, ubambe namagundane amancane. Yidla amajikijolo nembewu ngokuzithandela. Isikhathi sokuphila esaziwa kakhulu yiminyaka engama-32.
UGrouse ungummeleli omncane kakhulu we-grouse. Isisindo sabantu abakhulu kunakho konke singaphezu kwama-500 amagremu.
Ehlathini, kunzima ukuyixuba nezinye izinyoni ze-grouse, kusuka lapho ezingafani ngosayizi omncane, kodwa nangombala obonakalayo. Yize kunephunga elimibalabala, elithi "pockmarked" elimnandi (kusuka lapho inyoni yathola khona igama lesiRussia), ukusuka kude, i-hazel grouse ibonakala icacile, ibomvu grey. Le yinyoni ehleliwe engahambisi amabanga amade. I-Hazel grouse, njengawo wonke ama-grouse, i-herbivorous, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, okuphakelayo kwezilwane kuhlala endaweni ebalulekile ekudleni kwayo, kepha amaphuphu adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Ebusika, i-hazel grouse iyaphoqelelwa ukuthi yaneliswe ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe nokudla okunempilo okunezitshalo ezincane. Lapho kukhona isembozo seqhwa, imbobo yama hazel ibeka eqhweni ebusika, ichithe ubusuku namahora abanda kakhulu ngosuku kuwo. Inikeza nokuvikelwa okuthile kubazingeli, lapho i-hazel grouse ihlupheka kakhulu ebusika nasehlobo.
Naphezu kokuncipha kwenani labantu emhlabeni kanye nokwehla ngezikhathi ezithile kwenani labantu ngamunye, i-hazel grouse iseseyiningi futhi ayinasengozini yokuqothulwa.
Inyoni encane, enosayizi, echubby enekhanda elincane ngokungenasici nomlomo omfishane. Uchitha iningi lesikhathi sakhe emhlabeni, lapho aphila impilo yobumfihlo.
Lapho umuntu esondela, uyabaleka noma acashe. Umangele ngokumangala, indiza ibaleke ku-40-80 m bese ihlala egatsheni lesihlahla esinobuningi eduze kwesiqu esiphakeme okungenani i-5- m m, izama ukuhlangana nayo
Le nyoni enhle ethule. Isiginali yezwi eyinhloko ikhwela edonsa futhi ecashile kakhulu. Uhlobo lwephethini yomsindo luhluke ngandlela thile phakathi kobulili; kowesilisa udluliselwa ngokuthi "fii, fuiiiit, fuIt-ti-te-ti". Ukwenza ingoma, owesilisa uphonsa ikhanda emhlane wakhe bese evula umlomo wakhe olukhulu. Ukucula kwabesifazane kufushane futhi kulula
Inyoni enkulu yokudla inyama, ephansi ngosayizi ukhozi lwegolide, kepha inkulu kakhulu kune-owl emhlophe. Ngokusho kwemithombo yaseRussia, ubude benyoni bungama-60-75 cm, amaphiko ngamaphiko angama-160-190 cm, isisindo sabesilisa yi-2.1-2.7 kg, kuthi ubunzima besifazane kube yi-3.0-3.2 kg. Izimpaphe eziphakeme zekhanda zinamathela ezinhlangothini, abaningi abaziphutha ngephutha ngezindlebe, zisiza inyoni ukuthi ihlangane nemvelo ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwasemini]. Umthethosisekelo ojwayelekile wesikhova ukhozi ugcwele, ucishe “ubunjwe umgqomo”]. I-plumage ithambile futhi ihululekile, okufaka isandla endizeni ethule. Ngombala we-motley, amathoni abomvu nama-ocher avele kahle, noma kunjalo, ithoni yombala ejwayelekile ingaphansi kokuhlukahluka okukhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zobubanzi. Kusuka ku-rusty and brownish-black to greyish-ocher nokhilimu. I-Eagle owl inezwi elinamandla ne-repertoire eyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi kokunye, ukusebenza kwale nyoni kuncike ekuguquguqukeni ngakunye, ngenxa yalokho inhloso yokusebenza kwayo akuhlali kucace njalo]. Imvamisa, ukuba khona kwenyoni eduzane kukhipha i-hoot yayo ephansi enezinhlaka ezimbili ngokugcizelelwa kwesilabhasi yokuqala, engazwakala esimweni sezulu ezolile ebangeni elingafinyelela ku-2-5 km. Ezimweni eziningi, owesilisa wesilisa uyakhala lapho efuna ukujwayelana nowesifazane, yize izinsikazi ziyakwazi nokwenza imisindo enjalo, kuphela eziphansi. Kwesinye isikhathi ungawuzwa umsindo wezinyoni zombili (lapho zithandana) ziphenduke umsindo oqhubekayo.
I-alamu yesikhova iwukuhleka okusheshayo okunamandla okuhlanganisa amagama amane kuya kwayisihlanu. Phakathi kwemisindo eyenziwe ibuye ihlukaniswe “ukukhala”, ukukhala nokukhala kosizi.
Isikhova esikhozi asesabi abantu, yize ama-biotopes abawakhethayo ezimweni eziningi atholakala kude nezindawo zokuhlala nemigwaqo. Ngesinye isikhathi, inyoni isahlala emapulazini ngisho nasezindaweni zokupaka zamadolobha amakhulu
Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungumzingeli wobusuku, yize ebusika noma ngosuku olunamafu lungandiza luyofuna ukudla ngesikhathi sasemini. Lapho iqaphele inyamazane ebingaba khona, umhlaseli wayo uphonsa itshe kuyo futhi ayinamathe izigqoko zayo.Idonsela inhlanzi emanzini ngokuphelele. Bathanda kakhulu izinduku.
Inenqwaba yezindlebe ezinkulu zezimpaphe ezi-6, izimpaphe zokuqala ezindizayo (ezimfushane kunezesine) nombala.Ithoni yombala ejwayelekile iyafana, ingwevu onsundu enezindawo ezinamazinyo amabele namabele amhlophe, kepha amabala amnyama ohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba awahlanganisi imicu emide, njengasesigcawini esinexhaphozi, nezinduku ezingxenyeni engezansi yomzimba ziqonde endaweni ephambukayo, ukuze Imvamisa bakha imivimbo engu-4-6 ecacile ebonakalayo.
Isikhova esijwayelekile sigcinwa kuphela emahlathini, sikhetha amahlathi anobuhlakani emahlathini amnyama, ngoba lapha asibonakali kangako ngombala waso.
Izilokazana ikakhulu ezidlekeni ezindala zama-corvid, njengekhowe kanye ne-magpie. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala phezulu impela, kepha kunezimo zokuthola izidleke endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2 kuphela. IClutch (ngasekupheleni kukaMashi no-Ephreli) imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda amhlophe ayizi-4-5. Ukudla kwalo okuyinhloko kuqukethe amagundane amancane, ikakhulukazi amagundane nama-voles, futhi nezinambuzane, nangesikhathi sokudalwa kwezinyoni. Isisindo sesikhova esijwayelekile, esifinyelela kuma-31-37 cm ubude nama-86-98 cm kuma-mappan.
Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde singaguqula ikhanda laso ngama-210 degrees!
Isidlakudla esimnyama sifinyelela ku-18 cm ubude, izimpiko - 40 cm, ubude bephiko - 17 cm nomsila - cm 8. Umsila uboshelwe, iplamu liba nsundu ngombala nge-tint yensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukwakheka kweswidi kufana nokugwinya. Isilevu nomphimbo kuhlotshiswe indawo emhlophe eyindilinga, amehlo amnyama nsundu, uqhwaku lumnyama, imilenze ibomvu onsundu. Ubuningi bezinsikazi nabesilisa abufani, kodwa amachwane alula kancane kunokushintshana kwabantu abadala, kanti izimpaphe zawo zinemingcele emhlophe engcolile emaphethelweni. Ehlobo, izimpaphe zivutha kakhulu bese umbala ophelele uba lula.
I-swift emnyama inejubane eliphakeme kakhulu lokundiza phakathi kwezinyoni, ifinyelela ku-111 km / h.
Ngenxa yokuthi iminwe emine ku-paws iqondiswa endaweni eyodwa, ayikwazi ukudala ukugcizelela okudingekayo ukuze ilondoloze ibhalansi, ngakho-ke i-swift emnyama, njengezinye izinto eziningi, ayikwazi ukuhamba phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uma ngasizathu simbe izinyoni ziwela phansi (okwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile) nethuba lokundiza kulahlekile, azisizi ngalutho.
Izikebhe ezihlala endaweni yaseRussia Federation ziyizinhlobo ezifudukayo. Entwasahlobo, avele sekwephuze kakhulu, ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho kuvela inqwaba yezinambuzane ezindizayo. Njengoba ukushintshana kuyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezivame kakhulu, abantu bomuzi bavame ukuhlangana nabo ngesikhathi “senkinga yengulube” - amachwane abo avame ukundiza ngaphambi kwesikhathi esidlekeni, angazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenzeka kakhulu esimweni sezulu esinethayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, zitholakala ngabantu emigwaqweni yezindawo zokuhlala. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi kwezinye izinyoni eziningi, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ziyaqhubeka nokunakekela inzalo yazo. Kepha uma abazali bondla izidleke zezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho iziduna eziphuma esidlekeni ziqala ukuzondla zodwa. Emazweni amaningi, kunezikhungo zokuvuselela lezo zinsimbi, lapho zivuselelwa khona bese zibuyiselwa endle. Futhi, abathanda abathile bazondla bebodwa. Kufika amasu amnyama kusuka ebusika emihlambini emincane. Ngemuva kokufika, umjubane omnyama uqala ukwakhiwa kwesidleke, esihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-8. Amaqanda ama-2-3 abekwa esidlekeni. Phakathi nonyaka, inyoni yenza i-1 clutch. Owesilisa nowesifazane bafaka amachwane izinsuku eziyi-11-16. Ama-swwing amancane asesidlekeni isikhathi eside futhi andizela kude nawo ngosuku lwe-38- 39, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo, ngomhla ka-56. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokusuka esidlekeni, zingandiza zidle zodwa.
Ihlala izidleke emakoloni, ihlela izidleke emigodini, emifantwini yamatshe, emiseleni ngaseziphepheni, ngaphansi kophahla, emifantweni yezakhiwo.
Abamele uhlobo luphawu olusezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Uqhwaku nemilenze imnyama ngombala. Ingxenye engenhla yeplamu ifakwe uphawu, nsundu, izinhlangothi nomsila zibomvu. Ama-Spurs emilenzeni awekho.
Ukwehluka okukhona phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa kuncishiswa kuphela lapho izinsikazi zingumbala wombala.Ziyizinyoni ezihlalisiwe, zihlala endaweni evulekile.
Zidla ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zembewu, kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane.
Izilokazana zihlelwe emhlabathini ngesimo sokudla okuhlanganisiwe okwenziwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Lolu hlobo lwehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:
I-lark ehlathini iyinyoni encane emsundu enemifudlana emide emide, phansi, ishiya kanye nemivimbo ezinhlangothini zomsila kanye nesonsi elimhlophe qhwa, isifuba sivele ngamabala ansundu ezinhlangothini. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest encane. Imvamisa ihlala ezihlahleni, okuyi-atypical for lark iningi. Izwi liyisigidigidi sika-"tyu-lyuli" noma "lyuliu", esivame ukucula emoyeni, sindiza emibuthanweni. Igama "yula" liqhamuka engomeni yakhe ethi "yuli-yuli-yuli" noma ethi "yul-yul-yul." Idla izinambuzane nembewu. Ihlala emhlabeni, emgodini ngaphansi komhlonyane noma okusanhlamvu. Ku-clutch ama-4-5 amaqanda amhlophe noma apinki ansundu anama-brown amabala.
I-Field Lark iyinyoni encane yomndeni wakwaLark. Le nyoni encane yaziwa ngokucula okukhulu nangokuzwakalayo. I-lark yensimu inkulu ngokwedlula undlunkulu futhi inombala obuthuntu, kodwa okhangayo weplamu. Umhlane wakhe ungwempunga, kwesinye isikhathi onsundu ngombala ophunduziwe, iplamu lesisu limhlophe, isifuba sakhe sibanzi ngenyoni emnandi, sinezimpaphe ezimnyama onsundu. I-tarsus iba nsundu. Ikhanda lensimu lark, icocekile futhi icwengekile kakhulu kunekhanda undlunkulu, ihlotshiswe nge-crest encane, umsila uhlukaniswe izimpaphe ezimhlophe. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo amnyama - ishiya elikhanyayo. Imibala ye-Field Lark iyamvikela, iyamsiza ukuthi azifihle otshanini nasemhlabathini. Owesilisa angahlukaniswa kowesifazane ngosayizi abakhulu nangengoma, engekho kowesifazane.
I-lark yensimu ingumhlali weqiniso wamamitha nama-steppes, izintaba namasimu. Ukuphela kwendawo lapho ungeke uhlangane khona nale nyoni encane ihlathi. Ngemuva kokuqala ubusika, izintambo zasensimini zifika endaweni esidlekeni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kungekho zinambuzane zokudla, zigcinela imihlambi emincane ezindaweni ezifudumezwe yilanga, zicashe emoyeni nasemvuleni. Ama-lark asensimini adla ekudleni kwezitshalo ngesimo sembewu yamakhambi ahlukahlukene nezitshalo zommbila Ekudleni kwabo, banezinhlamvu ze-bird buckwheat, pikulnik, passerine. Lezi zinyoni zizithanda kakhulu izimbali zembewu nezinye izinhlobo zasendle zemashi. Lapho kutshalwa izithombo zokusanhlamvu ezivuthiwe, izinkalo ziyohlasela amasimu ahlwanyelwe ngama-oats nokolweni ngentokozo. I-rye nebhali azithandwa kangako nazo, ngoba zinamafutha amaningi, futhi amathegi asensimini akhetha ukudla okwenziwe ngomdla. Ukuze okusanhlamvu okuqinile okugayiwe kugaywe kangcono esiswini, wona, kanye nembewu, aqaqa amatshe amancane. Ukufika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izilimo zisaqala ukuhluma, ama-lark nawo azisebenzisa njengokudla, enza umzimba uphinde ukhiqize amavithamini. Lapho nje iqhwa selincibilika futhi ilanga liqala ukufudumala, kuvela izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezibuyisa ukudla kwamalokhi asensimini. Izimbungulu ezincane, izicabucabu, izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ipupae lezimvemvane - lezi zinambuzane zakha ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-lark ehlobo lonke. Le nyoni ihlala izingela emhlabeni, ingabambi izinambuzane ngokundiza, noma lezo ezinwela phezulu ngeziqu zezitshalo. Banelisa isidingo samanzi ngamazolo ahlala ezitshalweni. Imvamisa ungabona i-lark yensimu igcotshwe othulini noma esihlabathini, ayazithanda izindawo ezinjalo futhi ahlala ebuyela kuzo eyogeza iplamu lawo. Ukuba yinyoni yasensimini, izidlekeni ezingama-lark emihlangeni, emaphethelweni otshani, kodwa indawo enhle kakhulu yokwakha isidleke salezi zinyoni amasimu ahlwanyelwe ebusika nasentwasahlobo isinkwa. Isidleke silula, sakhiwe emgodini phansi, phakathi kotshani. Njengezinto zokwakha, i-lark yasensimini isebenzisa iziqu nezimpande zotshani, ngaphakathi esidlekeni kubekwa ngoboya obuthambile obuqoqwe yinyoni, izinwele zamahhashi phansi. Isidleke sifakwa imaski ngokucophelela, kunzima ukusithola.Ukuphakama kwesidleke kungamamitha angama-50; insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-6, anemibala ephuzi futhi embozwe amachashazi amancane ansundu. Ubukhulu beqanda buba ngu-23 x 17 mm. Kwakhiwa isidleke ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala aluhlaza. Insikazi ifihla amaqanda amasonto amabili, amachaphaza aqwebekile, ambozwe ngefudlana elincane. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zishiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, yize zingakwazi ukundiza okwamanje. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa nje, amakati amancane afunda lobu buciko futhi aqala ukuzondla. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu enyukela ephikweni, afihla phakathi kotshani neziqu zamabele, lapho cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuthi aqaphele, izinkumbi zamalokishi amancane asensimini ahlangana nezimila eziseduze, ziguqula izinyoni ukuba zingabonakali. NgoJuni, insikazi ingabeka phansi i-clutch yesibili, amachwane azo aqala impilo ezimele ngoJulayi. Bobabili abadala nabancane bandiza bayobusika ukuqala ngoSepthemba. Maphakathi no-Okthoba, cishe azikho izinyoni ezisele. Ubusika benzeka eningizimu yeYurophu.
Ubude bomzimba bungama-31- 35 s M, ubude bephiko buyi-25-29 cm, izimpiko zingama-70-80 cm, isisindo sezinyoni zingama-97- 175 g. Le nyoni emfushane inomsila obekiwe nomlomo wayo obomvu onepipi elimnyama. I-plumage imhlophe noma iluhlaza okhanyayo, kanti uhlangothi olungaphezulu lekhanda lupendwe ngombala omnyama ojulile. Kwesinye isikhathi ibunzi likhanya bese uqhwaku lube mnyama. Imisebe ye-tern ejwayelekile ibomvu. Imisindo izwakala njenge-kick noma krie.
Ama-river terns ayantshontsha ngekhono lapho efuna ukudla. Inhlanzi ezincanyana kakhulu zingezokuphangwa kwazo. Ziphinde zidle kuma-mollusks nezinambuzane. I-river terns isidleke kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti emaphethelweni esiqhingi esinamadwala nesihlabathi esinemifino ecezayo. I-Nesting iyivelakancane ezwenikazi. Owesilisa onenhlanzi emqhonyeni waso wenza umdanso wokuphokophela, uzama ukujabulisa intokazi. Esidlekeni, esidlekeni esifakwe ngotshani emhlabathini, insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa kuya kwesine. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekufukameleni kwabo kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu ebamba. Ama-river terns ayazivikela ngokuhudula ezilwaneni ezidla lomoya. Amaviki angama-3-4 ngemuva kokuzalwa, inzalo iqala ukundiza.
I-plumage of swans ngombala wayo imhlophe qwa, noma mpunga noma imnyama. Ngaphandle, izinsikazi nabesilisa kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa. Amaswidi asuka kumahansi ahlukaniswa ngentamo ende, evumela ukuthi afafaze phansi emanzini ajulile ukuze adle, kanye nosayizi wawo okuyizinyoni ezinkulu zamanzi. Iphiko lifinyelela kumamitha amabili, bese isisindo singadlula ku-15 kg. Amawashi amfushane kunalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ama-swans, ahamba emhlabathini, enza kube lula ukubona okuthile. Kepha baye bathuthukisa kakhulu izicubu ezindizayo, ezibavumela ukuba banqobe izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngendiza yaminyaka yonke eningizimu nasemuva.
Inzalo ikhuliswa ngabazali bobabili, inakekela amawundlu kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-1-2 izelwe.
Kwezentengiselwano zanamuhla, amaswidi ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa:
Ebantwini, ama-swans aqukethe ubuhle, ezothando, uphawu lokuzalwa kabusha, ubumsulwa, ubukhosi nokuhlakanipha, okubangelwa ukwakheka komzimba wabo omuhle, amandla endiza nokubhukuda.
Amahansi ahlukaniswa ngomlomo wawo, okuthi ngaphansi kwawo kube nokuphakama okukhulu kunobubanzi, futhi kuphetha ngepikili elicijile. Emaphethelweni oqhwaku kukhona amazinyo amancane. Amahansi anentamo yobude obuphakathi (ende kunale yamadada, kodwa imfushane kunaleya yedada), imilenze ephakeme enamathele eduze maphakathi nomzimba kunamadada, nesigaxa esiqinile, noma ukushuba lapho kugoba iphiko.
Izimpaphe nezansi zithuthukiswe kakhulu. Abesilisa empeleni abahlukile kwabesifazane - umehluko kuphela ekukhuleni kwethambo “hump” ekuqaleni komlomo ekhaleni lowesilisa, nakusayizi womzimba omncane.
Ama-geese amaningi ahleba noma enze imisindo yokuguqula; lapho esengozini noma ngokucasuka, alele.
Amahansi ahlala emafishi nasezindaweni ezishisayo, amanye asogwini lolwandle, ahamba futhi agijime kahle, andiza ngokushesha, kepha ayabhukuda futhi awajeze kakhulu kunamadada.Emanzini mancane kakhulu kunamadada nasesishiyeni, iningi lempilo yawo lichithwa emhlabeni. Amahansi andizela ubusika nokudla isidleke, imvamisa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ebusuku, ngokushesha okukhulu.
Bondla cishe kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo nembewu. Ngosizo lomqhomo oluhlotshiswe ngamazinyo abukhali emaphethelweni, bancamela utshani, okusanhlamvu, iklabishi, amaqabunga, amajikijolo, amakhanda nezindlebe. Ngaphezu kwezitshalo, ezinye izinhlobo nazo zidla ama-vertebrates amancane nezinambuzane.
Amahansi ahlala ngababili, futhi phakathi nezindiza aqoqana ngemihlambi emikhulu. Zidleke emaxhaphozini, ezinye ezihlahleni, isibalo samaqanda zivame kube ngu-6-12. Owesilisa akahlanganyeli ekufakweni kwamaqanda, uqapha insikazi, kuthi lapho amachwane eqambe, ahambe eduze, aqaphe wonke umndeni.
Amadada ayizinyoni ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nezincane ezinentambo emfushane nengaphambili, zimbozwe ngaphambili ngezihlangu eziphambanayo. Umbala weplamu wehlukene, izinhlobo eziningi zinesibuko esikhethekile ephikweni. I-Mallard - Idada lasendle elidume kakhulu futhi libanzi.U ubude bomzimba wesilisa bubalelwa ku-62 cm, insikazi icishe ibe ngu-57 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-1-1,5 kg (ekwindla, lapho inyoni ikhuluphele ngaphambi kwendiza, isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-2 kg). Ikhanda nentamo yeduna kuluhlaza, i-goiter nesifuba zinombala onsundu, emuva kanye nehlangothini lomzimba lingwevu ngombala onamabala amancane acwebile. Owesifazane ubonakala emdaka ngombala omnyama; uhlangothi lwangaphakathi luba nsundu ngombala omde obude. Ephikweni lowesilisa nowesifazane, “isibuko” esiblowu.
Inyoni efudukayo ngokwengxenye. Kuhlala izidumbu zamanzi ezintsha nezincane. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinyoni eziningi zibusika emanzini okuqanda emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zazo.
Izwi elijwayelekile ngumugqa othule - "reb-reb-reb". Izwi lowesifazane kungowaka, njengadada wasekhaya. Esikhundleni sokuhlakazeka, owesilisa unomsindo velvety velvety “shaaak” noma “shyaaaark.” Ngokwesaba, lokhu kuthusa kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphambi kokusuka kuthulile futhi kungxamile. Izwi lowesifazane ekwindla nasebusika, elibiza owesilisa, lithi "cuak-cuak-cuac-cuac-cuac" omkhulu.
Ekukhetheni kokuphakelayo kuyipulasitiki eminingi, ivumelanisa kalula nezimo zasendaweni. Idla emanzini angajulile ngokuhlunga, ihlunga izilwane ezincane zasemanzini futhi itshale ukudla ngokusebenzisa amapuleti wophondo. Idla ekudleni kwezitshalo (duckweed, Hornwort, njll), ama-invertebrates amancane, izinambuzane, ama-mollusks, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, ama-tadpoles, ngisho namaxoxo
Imallard imvama emanzini, ibheke phezulu, izame ukufinyelela izitshalo ezikhula ngaphansi kwechibi. Idla kakhulu emanzini angajulile ngokujula okufika ku-30- 35 cm, lapho ikhipha khona ukudla okuvela phansi, ijika ibheke phezulu ibheke phansi, kepha ingashayeki.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amadamu esemboziwe ngeqhwa, izitolo ezinkulu zigcinwa eqhweni. Isisekelo sokudla ngalesi sikhathi izingxenye ezingaphezulu eziluhlaza zezitshalo zasemanzini. Ebusika, inani lokudla kwezilwane lehliswa ngokuqinile ekudleni kwama-mallards. Engxenyeni yokuqala yobusika, bondla ikakhulu amahlumela ezitshalo zasemanzini kanye nembewu. Emachibini amadolobha nakwezinye izindawo zokugcina, ama-mallards maningi kakhulu, asetshenziswa ngokuphelele kubantu futhi aphile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokondla
Izinyoni Zokudla KweTatarstan
Umndeni omkhulu kakhulu wezinyoni ezidla inyama zingamaphamba. Ngaphezu kwama-falcons, oklebe, izikhova kanye nesidleke se-osprey eTatarstan. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngaphezu kwezilwane eziseduze nezinyoni, zibamba inani elikhulu lezinambuzane.
IGoshawk
Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-hawk. ETatarstan, le ndawo iyahambelana nokusatshalaliswa kwamahlathi aqobayo futhi ahleliwe. Izidleke futhi zithola ukudla ehlathini ezivulekile, zingabonakala esibhakabhakeni ngaphezulu kwamadolobhana nemizi.
Ubuningi besilisa bufika ku-1 kg, kepha izinsikazi zidlula izinsikazi ngesisindo nobukhulu obuphindwe kanye nobukhulu. Le nyoni ingwevu; i-ripple enqamula itholakala ngokusobala engxenyeni yesisu yomzimba. “Amashiya” aqinile angaphezulu kwamehlo - imivimbo emhlophe enikeza inyoni ukubukeka okunamandla.
Entwasahlobo, isidleke esidala siyalungiswa noma esihlahleni esiphakeme, esinamahhala, kudalwa okusha. Owesifazane ubala futhi afake ama-2-3, kwesinye isikhathi ama-4, amaqanda kungakapheli inyanga. Zombili izinyoni, owesilisa nowesifazane, bondla inzalo. Amachwane anezinyanga ezintathu ubudala aqala ukuqeqesha amaphiko awo futhi ngokushesha andize ahlukane, bezama ukuthola impilo yabantu abadala, engahlala iminyaka eyi-17.
Uhlobo lwalezi zinyoni luyingxenye yomndeni wakwa-hawk. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, uLooney uzivumelanise nama-biotopes ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa izinhlobo eziningana. Isibhakabhaka sase-East European Plain sikhuphuka njalo:
- umhlobiso wenyanga - ngokuvamile obonwa ezigodini zemifula, ezigundwini zemithi,
- isithiyo sensimu - sizingela emaphethelweni ehlathi, phakathi kwamahlathi ahlukene,
- ISteppe lun - le nyoni ikwazi ukwedlula zonke izifunda zaseTatarstan,
- marsh moor - ngifuna inyamazane ezindizayo phezu kwamabhange asemifuleni yemifula, amachibi, amathafa asogwadule.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyanga zifana ngamapharamitha ayisisekelo, amasu okuzingela nendlela yokuphila. Ubude obukhulu bezinyanga bunamasentimitha angama-60. Isisindo sabazingeli abadala singama-400-500 g.Izilwane ezenziwa uLooney zinesisindo esisodwa nesigamu kuya kwezimbili futhi zincane kunezinsikazi. Izinyanga ezinyakazayo zikhulu kunezihlobo zazo, izinyanga ezingama-mehendi zincanyana futhi zilula.
Izinyanga zinezimpiko ezinde nomsila, futhi zinikeza izilwane ezizingelayo indiza ethule. Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okuphansi, izinyanga zibheka inyamazane, emva kwalokho inciphisa kakhulu futhi ihlwithe inyamazane: izinduku, amasele, namachwane.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngezindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi zowesilisa. Owesilisa uqinisekisa ukulungela kwakhe ngezibalo ze-airy, ze-acrobatic. Ngemuva kokubhanqa, esidlekeni esisemhlabathini, insikazi ibeka futhi ibambe amaqanda ama-2-3. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 kuye kwaqeda igobolondo, amachwane aqala ukuhlola amaphiko. Emva kwamanye amasonto amabili kundiza.
Owl grey
Izikhova - ezijwayelekile izinyoni zaseTatarstan. Isikhova esimpunga singenye yazo. Le nyoni ayikho enkulu kakhulu, inesisindo esingu-650 g. Inhloko enkulu nomzimba oyindilinga embozwe ngotshwebu olimpunga ezindaweni zokufixeka, okuhambisana nephethini yegxolo lesihlahla.
I-disc yobuso, amnyama, amehlo ayindilinga, noqhwaku olucwebezelayo olushiya ukungabaza ngezinhlobo zenyoni. Isikhova sihlala emahlathini avuthiwe lapho kutholakala khona izihlahla eziyize. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala epaki yasemadolobheni, lapho ibamba khona izilwane ezincane ebusuku, kufaka phakathi ama-amphibians nezinambuzane.
Ukugcotshwa kwesikhova kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi. Izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, insikazi ifaka izikhova ezingama-3-5. Ngemuva kwenyanga kuzalwe, amaphuphu akhethwa esidlekeni. Ehlobo lonke badinga ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Ngo-Agasti, isikhathi sezidleke siyaphela. Izinyoni ziphila iminyaka engu-15- 20. I-tawny-longevity isetha umlando weminyaka engama-22,5.
Omnivores baseTatarstan
Ensimini yaseTatarstan izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezihlasimulisayo. Ukudla kwabo kufaka izinhlamvu, amahlumela, izimpande. Kufakwa kubo izinambuzane, izibungu kanye nama-vertebrates amancane. Okudume kakhulu futhi kuvame kakhulu emndenini wama-corvidae imidlwane nojuba. Izinhlobo ze-Omnivorous nazo zifakwe emndenini wama-cranes, ama-bustards.
Izinkomo ezijwayelekile
Inyoni encane enjenge-crane evela emndenini wabelusi. Inesisindo esingama-80-130 g kuphela.Ubude bomzimba abudluli kumasentimitha angama-25. Umbala ojwayelekile weplamu umnyama ngamachashazi amancane. Umhlane unsundu, izinhlangothi zinezimicu emsundu, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ingwevu.
Iba khona emsebenzini kusihlwa. Ukuhamba nokubhukuda kukhetha ukundiza. Ama-pecks aluhlaza, izimpande zezitshalo eziyizimbotshana, izinambuzane, ama-tadpoles, inhlanzi encane kanye no-carrion.
Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kuvela entwasahlobo. Izimbotshana zibopha ama-8-12 amachwane ngokuhlukile. Kuthatha cishe inyanga. Amachwane avela ngokuphumelelayo athathwa omunye wabazali esidlekeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, izingane ziyaqala ukuzondla zodwa. NgoJulayi, bayeka ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Amasheya ahlala, njengawo wonke amakhreyidi iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Swallow
Swallows izinyoni ngokuvamile evikela. Catch butterflies, mabhungane kule mpukane. Amalungu omndeni wokugwinya, ajwayelekile izinyoni zaseTatarstan. Esithombeni Kunzima ukuhlukanisa uhlobo oluthile lokugwinya kolunye.
- Ukugwinya kwedolobha - kuhlala emadolobheni noma emadolobheni anezindlu zamatshe. Yakha amakoloni amancane lapho izidleke zitholakala khona eduze.
- Ukugwinya komuzi - ungacabangi ukwakha isidleke ngaphansi kwesihlalo sendlu yamatshe. Izindlu zasemakhaya, izingodo, amabhuloho nazo ziyafaneleka njengendawo yokwakha.
- Swallow-ogwini - osebeni olude lwemifula, amachibi, izingxenyana ezishiywe dengwane, nemisele yokufaka izidleke. Zingafinyelela ku-1 m ngokujula. ISwallows yakha amakoloni; eweni linye kungafakwa inqwaba yokungena ezidlekeni.
Izindunduma, ezinesilinganiso samaqanda ama-5, zivela ngoJuni-Julayi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-18, ukufakwa kuyaphela, ukondla kuqala. Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, amaphuphu angandiza. AmaSwallows ashiye isidleke ayakwazi ukondla ama-swallows ngokundiza. Abahlaseli besinambuzane abasheshayo abanamaphiko bahlala iminyaka engaphezulu kwengu-5.
U-Oriole
I-Orioles - izinyoni ezifudukayo zaseTatarstan. Umuntu angakhuluma ngalo mndeni ngokubhekisisa: ku-republic, izidalwa zohlobo olulodwa - i-Oriole ejwayelekile. Ubukhulu be-Oriole bukhulu kakhulu kunenkanyezi, inesisindo esingaphansi kwama-90 g, amaphiko ayo angavula aze afike ku-45 cm. Izinyoni zikhanya kakhulu. Emadodeni, umbala ophuzi womzimba uhluka ngamaphiko amnyama nomsila. Izinsikazi zinezindondo eziphuzi-eziluhlaza okotshani, ezansi emomotheka, amaphiko aluhlaza okotshani.
Intsha ithanda ukuhlala emahlathini avuthiwe avuthiwe. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, abesilisa ngokuthandana okusebenzayo bayenga insikazi ukuba idale. Ngemuva kwalokho kwakhiwa isidleke esifana nebhasikidi elamiswa. Kwenza ukubumbana. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ukufakwa kuyaphela, emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 izinsizwa ezine ze-Orioles zaphuma esidlekeni. Abase-Orioles baphila iminyaka eyi-10.
I-Wagtail
Uhlobo lwezinyoni ezomndeni wezinqola. Izinambuzane ezingenazindiza ziqoqwa emhlabathini, izimpungushe kanye nezimvemvane zibanjwa indiza. Uma unqamula emhlabathini, unyakazisa umsila wawo omude, indiza iba nochungechunge lwamaflethi.
- I-Wagtail imhlophe - ingxenye engenhla ingwevu, inhloko nezansi zomzimba kumhlophe.
- I-Wagtail iphuzi - emuva kungwephuzi-luhlaza, umphambili wentamo uphuzi ngokugqamile, umsila umdaka onsundu.
- I-Mountain wagtail - ngokubukeka kwayo kuyafana ne-cartridge ephuzi ngokufakwa kwezinhlangothi ezimhlophe, isifuba ophuzi kanye nokuhamba ngaphansi.
- I-Wagtail ephuzi -yikhanda - inyoni inekhanda elinemibala e-canary, umzimba ophansi we-Yellow-grey.
- I-Wagtail ebheke ubuso obomvu - izimpaphe ezigqamile eziphuzi ebunzini liphenduka zibe “amashiya” aphuzi.
- Izinqola ezinamakhanda amnyama - ingaphezulu lekhanda nentamo kumnyama, ingxenye yangaphakathi inombala ophuzi, ingxenye yaphansi yomzimba iphuzi.
Izinyoni zakha izidleke ezilula emhlabathini. Izinqola zasezintabeni zezidleke zikhetha amanothi ezinqwabweni zamatshe. Entwasahlobo, ukubeka sekuqediwe; ngoJuni, izinyoni ezincane ezingama-4-5 ziyaphuma. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, amasondo ngokuvamile enza i-clutch yesibili. Ama-Wagtail aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-12.
Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi
Amakhosi amancane kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zaseTatarstan nayo yonke iRussia. Inkondlo ejwayelekile kakhulu enekhanda eliphuzi. I-kinglet encane, eyindilinga enophawu olukhethekile: umucu ophuzi we-lime ngaphezulu kwekhanda lakhe.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni ihlangana nendawo yokuhlala ihlathi elihlangeneyo nelingxubevange. Uma kukhona amaConifers, ahlala kumapaki amadolobha. Amagatsha ezihlahla zakudala zemisipres asebenza njengendawo yokukhosela izidleke zamakhosi.
Ngo-Ephreli, isikhathi sokukhwelana kuyaqala. Izithandani zakha isidleke esilengayo. Inkosi yesifazane ibekela amaqanda ayi-10-12, iwafake cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Owesilisa unakekela ukudla kukamama.
Ngemuva kokuphothula ukufakwa emanzini, insikazi ayishiyi isizalo ngesonto elilodwa - ifudumeza amaphuphu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, amachwane akhethwa egatsheni eliseduze nesidleke futhi maduze aqale ukundiza. Ukudla okubandakanya izinambuzane ezingama-99%, Amakhosi ahlala iminyaka engama-5-7.
I-Linnet ejwayelekile
Lokhu kusemaphethelweni izinyoni zasebusika zaseTatarstan. Ukwakheka komzimba nosayizi kufana nondlunkulu. Umbala uyakhanya. Ingxenye ephezulu, yesikhumba yomzimba ingwephuzi onsundu, izinhlangothi nomzimba ophansi cishe zimhlophe. Emadodeni, isifuba nebunzi kubomvu onsundu. Abesifazane abanawo amapuleti abomvu. ILinnet ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-20 g.
Emadolobheni nasemizaneni esondelene nondlunkulu.Ngokungafani nabo, icula ngokuhehayo. Umqondo wenziwa ezindlekeni ezilula ezihlelwe ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Kungakapheli amasonto amabili, kuvela amachwane ezinwele.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, bashiya abazali babo. NgoJulayi, kwakhiwa isidleke esisha, kwenziwa i-clutch entsha, njengakuqala, inamaqanda ama-5. Umjikelezo we-hatching, feed uyaphindwa. ULinnet uphile iminyaka engaba ngu-8.
I-Crossbill
Ngokujwayelekile granvorous izinyoni republic of Tatarstan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crossbills anokudla okukhethekile - akhetha imbewu enelisiwe. Ngakho-ke, eTatarstan, indawo yezindawo eziwela umgwaqo ihlangana nendawo yokusabalalisa yamahlathi ahlanganayo futhi ahlanganisiwe.
Izinyoni zinesici esisodwa esisodwa - isikhathi sokudlekwa sincike kulokho okwenziwa izigaxa. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 republic:
- I-Klest-spruce - ubukhulu abudluli undlunkulu. Kwenza ukuzulazula kokudla ezindaweni lapho ukhula nephayini kulethe isivuno esikhulu sezigaxa. Njengoba inenqwaba yembewu ebunjiwe, ingaqala ukuzalela amaphuphu ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, ngisho nasebusika.
- I-crossbill emhlophe enamaphiko - incane kancane kune-spruce. Ikhethekile imbewu larch.
- I-Crossbill pine - Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalesi sibalo sezinhlanyelo yimbewu egcinwe ezigaqweni zikaphayini.
Ukuphakanyiswa ngokukhethekile kuholele ekushintsheni kwezinguquko kuqhwaku. Amaphethelo alo abukhali, abukeka njengophawu enza kube lula ukubhoboza imbewu. Ama-crossbills ayisibonelo esicacile sokuguqulwa kokudla kwezinyoni, yize imenyu yazo ingaqukatha imbewu yelanga, izinhlamvu zotshani, izinambuzane.
Umsoco
Ukudla kwe-goose kuhluke kakhulu. Badla imifino ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ulwelwe. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi bangakunambitha ukudla "okubukhoma", lezi izinambuzane ezincane nama-crustaceans.
Amadada achaziwe awazi ukuthi angangena kanjani emanzini, kepha ayakwazi ukuthola i-algae kusuka ngaphansi kwamanzi, eguqa ngaphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsila, njengeflat, uhlala phezu komhlaba.
Ebusika, lapho kungenazo izitshalo eziningi kakhulu, i-goose idla i-moss, futhi isisekelo sokudla kungukhula lwasolwandle lukaZoster.
Izinyoni zaseTatarstan zihlaba umxhwele ngokuhlukahluka kwazo. Kukhona bobabili abafudukayo nabahlala unomphela. Inani elikhulu le-herbivores, omnivores kanye nezilwane ezihlukumezayo zihlala endaweni ye-republic. Sihlole izinhlobo ezimbili zomndeni wamadada, manje sizokwazi ukwazana nesinye sezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu ezidla ezinye.
I-oda: Anseriformes (lat. Anseriformes)
Idada elinamehlo amhlophe (n) I-Goose emhlophe enamakhanda amhlophe, noma i-goose emhlophe enebala elimhlophe (n) I-merganser enkulu (n) Goumennik (n) I-merganser emide (n) i-Orca (h) i-red-noded dive (n) i-goose ebomvu-ebunjiwe (n) Idada elibomvu elibomvu (n) Idada elibomvu elibomvu (h) Mallard (g, p) I-swan encane, noma i-tundra swan (h) i-Whooper swan (g, p) i-Mute swan (g, p) uLoutok (p) Ulwandle olumnyama (p) I-Moryanka (p) i-Gogol ejwayelekile (p) Ogar, noma idada elibomvu (h) I-Peganka, noma i-attike (g, n) I-Piskulka (n) I-Savka (g, n) I-Sviyaz (n) Idreyini yeGrey (g, n) I-Grey goose (g, n) iTurpan (n) iTufted mnyama mnyama ( g, n) I-Black Goose (h) I-Teal-whistle (g, n) I-Teal-cracker ( , N) Pintail (r, n) Shoveler (r, n)
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze mayelana namagwababa
Umhlambi wezimbungulu eduze kwamanzi
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bathi amakhono angaqondakali wokufaka izinyoni ezimnyama.
Ngazo zonke izikhathi, amagwababa ayebhekwa njengezifebe zobubi. Lapho igwababa livele khona, kukhona okubi okwakusazokwenzeka kungekudala. Ezinganekwaneni, ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni, igwababa lihlotshaniswa nemimoya emibi nokufa. UVoronoi undizela ezimpini zegazi, ehlaba amehlo amasosha ashonile.
Ama-ravens ayekhulekelwa ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngakho-ke amaGrikhi asendulo ayethatha lezi zinyoni njengezithunywa zonkulunkulu, futhi amaNdiya ayekholelwa ukuthi amajuba anamandla okwenza izimangaliso. AmaHindu ayekholelwa ukuthi amajulu angakwazi ukuxhumana nemiphefumulo yabafi. Isiginali: uma inyoni ingqongqoza ewindini, kusho ukuthi okhokho abangasekho bazama ukudlulisa umyalezo, ukuxwayisa abaphilayo ngomcimbi ozayo.
Raven on the utshani eduze kwechibi
Kunesithombe esihle segwababa. Le nyoni ihlotshaniswa nobuhlakani, isibindi, ukuhlakanipha. Isimo esingaqondakali selugwababa kanye nomlingiswa waso kuboniswa kuzo zonke izindawo zobuciko.
Oda: Charadriiformes (Charadriiformes)
Avdotka (g, n) Snipe (g, n) I-sandpiper enomsila omhlophe (n) I-Big godwit (g, n) I-curlew enkulu (g, n) Umnenke omkhulu (g, n) I-brown-winged plover (n) Woodcock (g, n) iMpumalanga klusha (p) Necktie (p) Garshnep (p) Dupel (g, p) I-Golden Plover (p) I-Stoneware (p) Redneak (p) Krechetka (g, p) I-swel-chested Switter (p) I-sandpiper (p) i-Sandpiper i-magpie (g, n) I-hollow Forest (h) i-tern encane (g, n) I-zull encane (g, n) i-zuyk encane (g, n) i-Morodunka (n) Ijuba lolwandle (h) i-Lake gull, noma i-gull ejwayelekile. (g, p) Inkampani yenethiwekhi (g, p) I-Sentinel (g, p) Umfula i-River t (g, p) Iphepha elinamaphiko okukhanya (R, n) i-gull ejwayelekile (r, n) I-Whimbrels (n) uStepnaya GLAREOLA Glareola nordmanni. Ukubuka okundizayo. I-Curlew Encane (g, n) I-Herbalist (g, n) iTules (n) iTurukhtan (n) I-Fifi (g, n) I-Stilt (g, n) Ukuhleka, noma i-steppe gull (g, n) Khrustan (n) Chegrava (s) ) I-swamp tern emnyama (g, n) Ukuhleka okumakhanda amnyama (g, n) Ukuhleka kwamakhanda amnyama (n) Chernysh (g, n) Lapwing (g, n) Shiloklyuvka (g, n) Goldfinch (n)
Ukuhunyushwa Kwephupho
Umhlambi wezimbungulu uyandiza esibhakabhakeni
- Uma umuntu ephupha amagwababa ekhala, lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi yokubulawa ilenga phezu kwendlu nomndeni. Ukusindisa, udinga ukuthandaza kakhulu.
- Umhlambi wezimbungulu ezungeza ikhanda ephusheni uveza impi yezempi, impi. Abantu abaningi bazohlupheka.
- Umhlambi wezinkalankala uhlala enkundleni - onyakeni othembekile.
Indawo
Lesi sithombe sibonisa i-archal of crow
Izimbungulu eziningi zabantu zihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Eurasia (ngaphandle kweziqhingi ze-Arctic Ocean, i-Yamal, iTaimyr ne-Gydansky peninsulas), eGreenland, eNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho Afrika. Ezindongeni ezishisayo imelelwa kancane. Izindawo ezincane zamagwababa zisesifundeni sezintaba saseSyria, Iraq, Iran nasePakistan, China naseNyakatho neNdiya. EKazakhstan kanye nogwadule lwaseCentral Asia akuhlali isidleke. Kuyivelakancane emazweni aseYurophu.
Kungani izinyoni ezifudukayo zindiza ezindlini ezifudumele lapho zibusika, kungani zibuyela?
Izinyoni ezifudukayo zindizela ezintabeni ezifudumele ukuze zingabulawa yindlala ebusika
Iningi labantu licabanga ngephutha ukuthi izinyoni zindizela ezimweni ezifudumele ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo esiseduze. Yebo, kuthinta ngokungaqondile ukusebenza kwabo, kepha nokho iningi labo lingabekezelela umkhuhlane kalula.
Izinyoni zihlukana nemizi yazo ngenxa yokuthi inani lokudla lehliswa kakhulu ekwindla nasebusika. Ngakho-ke, ukuze bangafi yindlala yokufa, kufanele bafuduke babheke izindawo abangadlela kuzo njengaphambilini. Izinyoni zingabusika eNdiya, e-Afrika, eGrisi, eSpain, e-Italy noma eziqhingini zaseBrithani.
Ngokuthi kungani bebuya, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lapho bengeke bakwazi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala evamile, kanti abanye bathi lapho abavunyelwe ukuhlala nezinambuzane ezincane ezizala masinyane ezindaweni zezulu ezishisayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Inyoni kagwababa
Endle, amahlosi aphila iminyaka engu-13-16. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinhlobo zama-nomadic sincishiswa saba yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Ekhaya ukugcina imfene kungaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40 ngisho nama-50. Kwakunezimo lapho isilwane esinezimbali sasineminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Uma izimo zegwababa zingalungile, uzophila kancane.
Ukudla okungenakulinganiselana kungaholela ekukhuluphisweni noma kuma-rickets. Esimweni sesifo, inyoni iyafa ngokushesha.
Ukuzala
Ukuze izidleke, ama-kites amnyama afika ngo-Ephreli evela emazweni aseningizimu, lapho kwezinye izindawo iqhwa lingakancibiliki. Zitholakala hhayi ehlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni, ngesinye isikhathi zingandizela edolobheni elizolile.
Izidleke zizisongela ngokwazo, noma zidle ezinye eziphonswa ezinye izinyoni futhi zilungele usayizi. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi besidleke abudluli imitha, futhi babhekwa njengabathobekile, benikezwe usayizi wezinyoni ngokwazo. Indlu ihlelwe esihlahleni noma edwaleni, etholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu ukusuka emhlabathini. Izindlebe zifakwe izimpaphe, iphepha, umkhuhlane notshani.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngokuvamile amachwane amabili noma amathathu ezayo.Kungaba namaqanda amane ku-clutch, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu amaqanda amahlanu avele. Ubukhulu bukhulu kakhulu kunebhokisi lomdlalo, elimhlophe, elinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongabonakali. Igobolondo lihlotshiswe ngezicucu ezinsundu.
Kuthatha inyanga eyodwa nesigamu ukuqandusela amaqanda, futhi nabazali babelane ngezinto ezikhathazayo. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, amaphuphu awashiyi isidleke kuze kube izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu, emva kwalokho angandiza ngokuzimela. Ukuthomba kulolu hlobo kwenzeka eneminyaka emibili. Emvelweni, izinyoni zingaphila iminyaka engama-25.
Strept
Iphindisela umndeni ophithizelayo. Isichotho ngokwaso eTatarstan naso izidleke. UStrep unemilenze ephuzi, uhlo wamehlo we-orange kanye noqhwaku lombala ofanayo. Intamo yentaka imnyama futhi imhlophe. Isisu somfudlana silula, kanti elinye iplamu linsundu. Le nyoni ingamasentimitha angama-44 ubude futhi inesisindo esingaba khilogremu.
Amahloni atholakala ezintabeni zaseTatarstan, kodwa akuvamile. Ukubukwa kuthathwa njengento exakile.
Vipers
Izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi ezingezona ezinobuthi zitholakala e-Stavropol Territory. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwamathi ubuthi yizinyoka. Zitholakala ngokungalindelekile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amapaki amadolobha noma izingadi zasemakhaya. Zonke izinyoka ziyingozi ngokulingana kubantu; ukufaka isikhalazo kodokotela ngemuva kokulunywa kubalulekile. Phakathi kwezinyoka ezivame kakhulu:
- Izinyoka ezivamile - ezifuywayo azikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-0.7. Umbala ojwayelekile ungahluka: kusuka kwesitini kuya kwesitini. I-zigzag ehlukile kwesinye isikhathi idlula kuwo wonke umzimba. Izengezo ezifika ngokuphelele ezimnyama zivame ukuncibilika.
- ISteppe Viper - inyoka enamamitha ayihafu ehlala emathafeni, ezintabeni ezintabeni ezomile. Umbala wenyoka ungwevu. Ingaphezulu lipendiwe ngemibala emnyama kunengxenye yomzimba. Iphethini ye-zigzag isebenza ngemuva.
- Inyoka kaDinnik inyoka encane, etholakala kuphela eCiscaucasia naseGreatuc Caucasus. Umzimba ophezulu unombala ophuzi noma onsomi-luhlaza okotshani, noma onsundu. Imicu ye-zigzag, njengezinyoka eziningi, ihlobisa umhlane.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana emaqandeni siqala entwasahlobo. Amaqanda aqanduselwa esibelethweni kuze kube yilapho inzalo yakheke ngokuphelele. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, kuvela amawundlu. Esifubeni, izinyoka ezincane ezi-5-8 zikhona. Ngokushesha baqala ukuphila impilo ezimele, ezimele. Ngo-ekwindla, izinyoka, ezivame ukuba ngamaqembu, zithola indawo yokuhlala efanelekile, lapho zishiya khona ukuze ziphumelele ebusika.
I-Yellow-pusik
Ezikhangisweni ezinikezela ukuthenga izilwane eStavropol Territory zihola. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile zezolimo nezasekhaya nezinyoni, kuvame ukuphakanyiswa isilwanyana esidliwayo - isibankwa esifana nenyoka.
Amabhande aphuzi angakhula afike kumamitha ayi-1.5, kanti ama-forelimbs awatholakali ngokuphelele, kungukuphela kwendawo esishubile esesimweni sezimpawu zesifuba. Isilozi sipendwe ngombala we-olive ngaphandle kwamaphethini.
Ebusika, ama-hibernates aphuzi ngombala ngokwemvelo. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, izibankwa ziyafudumala, isikhathi sokuzala siqala. NgoMeyi-Juni, amaqanda ayi-6-10 abekwa, afafazwe nge-substrate. Izintokazi ziqapha ukugcwala izinyanga ezimbili kuze kuvele isizukulwane esisha samabhande aphuzi.
IStavropol fauna icindezelwa ingcindezi enkulu yempucuko. Ukuzinzisa lesi simo, kwakhiwa izindawo zokugcina ezingama-44. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amabhizinisi we-zoological, botanical kanye ne-hydrological oriental. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba nethemba lokulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zeStravropol Territory.
Izinyoni Zesifunda SaseLeningrad
Isifunda se-Leningrad yindawo enezici ezithile ngokwemigomo yezilwane.
Ukuhlangana kwayo nedolobha elikhulu, okuyiSt. Petersburg, kubeka imingcele eqinile. Akuzona zonke izinyoni ezazijwayela imvelo ephilayo; ezinye izinhlobo ziye zanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSifunda saseLeningrad "ngumhubhe wokuhamba" wezinyoni ezifudukayo ezihamba zivela ezindaweni zobusika zidlule kule ndima.
Ezindalini zeSifunda saseLeningrad, ungabona ingulube emnyama, engxenyeni eziningi zeRussia yaziwa njengeyisabalele ngokuphelele.Isikhova sinentshebe, i-partridge imhlophe, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe, i-herpiper yamakhambi ezinye zezinyoni ezingandile ezihlala lapha.
Izwi likaRaven
Esithombeni, igwababa lenza izwi
Amagwababa anezwi elikhulu, elinamandla. Ithoni iphansi. Kunononembeza abaqinile kumagama athi: "krru", "krun", "kroo", "krro". Kuzwakala imisindo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa, abesilisa bacula izingoma ezinde, ezinomsindo. Imisindo "karr", "kirr", "krru" inokuthile efanayo ngokuchofoza umphimbo kanye “namagama”, lapho kunemisindo khona konkamisa ngaphezulu.
Ukukhala kwesikhonyane kuyajabulisa, kuyisexwayiso. Ushaya njengensimbi esifundeni, efanekisela inkathazo.
Ukudla nendlela yokuphila
Ama-kites amnyama angama-scavenger nezinyamazane. Bazithanda izinsalela zezilwane, ezifakwe iqhwa elangeni, inhlanzi efile. Vele, bangabuye bazingele, kepha uma kukhona u-carrion, bazoyikhetha. Ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda ukweba izidleke zezinyoni ezinye izinyoni. Izinyoni zabantu abadala nazo zingena kwimenyu uma ziphansi ngosayizi ngokwazo. Futhi, lezi zinyoni ezihlala eTatarstan nakwezinye izindawo eziningi zingadoba. Babopha inhlanzi esondele ebusweni.
Indiza yama-kites ibushelelezi kakhulu, ilinganiswa, zigobisa amaphiko. Lezi zinyoni zizuzisa ezolimo, ziqothula ama-gophers, ama-moles, amagundane. Abantu abahlali bephatha amakhayithi ngomusa, ngoba bahlala bephethe amadada, ama-goslings nezinkukhu.
Inani lamakhayithi
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani labantu lehlile kakhulu. Ososayensi bathi lokhu kusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kwezolimo nakwezimboni. Ikakhulu izinyoni ezimbalwa ezasala endaweni yaseRussia.
Kwake kwaba isikhathi esithile, lezi zinhlobo eziningi zaba sengozini yokuqothulwa, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa isimo samanje.
Isiphetho
Izinyoni zeNcwadi ebomvu yeTatarstan zichazwe kulo mbhalo. Lezi zikude nazo zonke izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu waba imbangela yokulahleka okukhulu emvelweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zidlulile ngokuphelele, kepha izidumbu zamanzi ziyaqhubeka zingcoliswa imboni, futhi akekho olwa nalokhu. Izinyoni zaseTatarstan, njengezinyoni, ezihlala kwezinye izindawo, zidinga usizo lwethu. Uma abantu bangaqali ukusebenzela ukulondolozwa kwendalo, maduze nje sizokwazi ukulahlekelwa izidalwa eziningi eziwusizo nezinhle.