I-marmot yesilwane isilwane esincane esingesokuhleleka kwamagundane. Lezi zilwane, futhi, “ziyizihlobo” ezisondelene zamaqwele, yize zingafani kangako nawo.

Emhlabeni wethu, ososayensi bathole izinhlobo eziyi-15 zalezi zilwane. Kwake kwenzeka, ezikhathini zasendulo zokufuduka kwezilwane, ama-marmot asuka eMelika aya e-Asia, yize ezinye izilwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zaziphuthuma entshonalanga. Izinhlobo eziningana zalaba bameleli bomndeni we-squirrel zihlala ezwekazini lase-Europe.

Yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimbaza ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukile, futhi yini ezihlanganisa? Kuyiqiniso, ngaphandle kokuhlala ezindaweni ezihlukile zezulu, wonke ama-marmots ayafana ngokubonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo ngasinye siwela ekubandakanyeni kwezikhathi zokubanda. Okuhlanganisa lezi zilwane ukuthi ziyi-herbivores futhi azihlali zodwa, kepha emakoloni.

Hlobo luni lwezimbaza ezikhona emvelweni?

AmaMarmot ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu: amathafa (ama-baibaks) nezintaba, ngalinye lalawa maqembu linezilwane zalo ezimbalwa ezilandwayo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezihlahla eziyisisekelo zikhona:

• I-Himalayan marmot
• Kamchatka marmot
• i-alpine marmot,
• I-Menzbir marmot,
• i-redhohog ebomvu
• I-Altai marmot,
• i-steppeghohohoho (baibak),
• i-grey marmot,
• imbila enamabala aphuzi,
• umugqa
• IsiMongoli saseMongolia,
• isisekelo sezinkuni,
• i-grey groundhog
• I-Alaskan marmot,
• IVancouver Groundhog
• I-Olimpiki Groundhog
• izisekelo zeqembu le-bobak.

Marmots yokuphila

Lezi zilwane zithanda ukuchitha iningi lempilo yazo emgodini wazo. Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona ikoloni le-marmot, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibhobho, ngayinye yayo inenhloso yayo. Isibonelo, bakha imisele yokuvikela, imisele yemvula yasehlobo (yokuqhanyelwa) kanye nemisele ebusika (yokufaka ubusika).

Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqalekeni kokuqala, izilwane zihlala ebusika "ezindlini" zazo zokulala hibernation. Ukuze kungabikho muntu okhathaza umndeni olele emgodini, ukungena kwamamaki kumbozwe "amakhethini" enziwe ngamatshe nangomhlaba. Ngesikhathi sokulala, imizimba yabo idla ngenxa yoqimba lwamafutha oluqoqiwe ehlobo. Kakade ekuqaleni kukaMashi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, izilwane ziyavuka futhi zibuyele empilweni yazo ejwayelekile.

Zidlani izimbaza?

Njengokudla, lezi zilwane zikhetha izitshalo ezinotshani ezicebile ngamaprotheni, kanti ngasikhathi sinye zidla amakhambi ahlukene ezinyangeni ezihlukile. Entwasahlobo, lapho isembozo esiluhlaza singenele, ama-marmot kufanele aneliswe ngama-bulbs kanye nama-rhizomes. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, isilwane "sidla" ngamahlumela amancane ezitshalo zikakolweni, izimbali, amakhambi nezithelo zezitshalo. Kanye nokudla kwezitshalo, izinambuzane nazo zingena esiswini. Ama-groundhogs awadingi ukuphuza amanzi.

Ukuthi amabele avela kanjani

Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokushona kwezulu, cishe ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, isikhathi sokuzala siqala kumamond. Owesifazane okhulelwe uthwala inzalo kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-35, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amancanyana amancane. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa ubeletha izingane ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6. Akunaboya ngokuphelele kubo, ngaphandle kwalokho, ababoni lutho. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba immotot esanda kuzalwa ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-40 amagremu, futhi ubude bayo bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-11. Mancane kakhulu, njengamakhefu! Umama wondla izingane ngobisi izinsuku ezingama-50 emva kokuzalwa. Futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-40 kuzalwe izimbaza ezincane ziphuma emgodini zidle utshani ngokwazo.

Isimilo seGroundhog

AmaMarmet ayizilwane ezinokuthula okukhulu, ayathanda ukuhlela imidlalo eduze kwama-minks awo, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi, kepha, bangalwa bodwa, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela. Ngisho “nesipikili” sabo sibukeka sihlekisayo sisuka ohlangothini. Umbono walezi zilwane ubukhali kakhulu kunokuzwa, imbila ibona umuntu ongaphezu kwamamitha ayi-400! Uma isilwane siziva sengozini ngokwaso, lapho phakathi nokubaleka, ngokunyakaza kwayo (ukushaya umsila waso), sixwayisa wonke umndeni ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokucasha emgodini.

Izinzuzo zeGroundhog kubantu

Umuntu kade azingela lesi silwane. Kepha ngani? Ama-groundhogs akhuluphele ehlobo angumthombo wenyama, ngenkathi enobungqabavu emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya bezilwane baziwa kakhulu. Hhayi, inzuzo yamafutha we-marmot emithini yesintu inzima kakhulu ukuyidla ngokweqile! Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokufudumeza, iyakwazi ukwelapha umuntu wezifo eziningi.

Lapho kuhlala khona amarobhothi

AmaMarmot ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zama-steppe nasezintabeni ze-steppe, ezintabeni nasezintabeni eziphakemeyo zeentaba. Emakhulukhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule, babetholakala yonke indawo kuwo wonke ama-steppes, kepha ukuqothulwa kwabo ngumuntu, kanye nokulima kwezinyathelo zokugcina izintombi kuholele ekutheni indawo yezimbaza incishiswe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba abamele umndeni we-squirrel abahambisani phakathi kwezilimo futhi abakwazi ukulimaza isinkwa, njengama-gophers. Bavele bashiye lezi zindawo.
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Ukubukeka kweGroundhog

I-Groundhog ihlukaniswa ngumzimba ongqongqozwe phansi, ikhanda elikhulu lapho izindlebe ezincane zile. Ama-pawhog's paws aqinile futhi amafushane, anezikhafu ezakhiwe kahle. Umuntu ngamunye angafinyelela esisindo samakhilogremu ayi-7, abe nobude bomzimba ofinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60.

Ubovu bezingwebu buwugqinsi, bulula futhi buthambile, ngokwesidingo esikhulu. Umbala ungasuka ophuzi okhanyayo ube nsundu ngombala wokuhlanganiswa kwamathoni abomvu, abomvu noma ansundu.

Izikhumba ezisezingeni eliphakeme, inyama enambitha kanye nezinqolobane ezinkulu zamafutha anempilo, ezingagcinanga nje ngezinto zobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nezokwelapha, zichaza ukuthandwa kwalesi silwane esingenangozi phakathi kwabazingeli.
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Izinhlobo zeGroundhog

Ezifundeni zethu, izinhlobo eziningana zemarmot zingaphila. Okuthandwa futhi kubhebhetheke kakhulu yi-marmot baibak nezihlobo zayo eziseduze - imarmot egrey, imarmot yaseSiberia. Bahlala endaweni ese-steppe ne-steppe-steppean engxenyeni yase-Europe ... Ngaphansi kaningi ungathola izimbumbulu ezimnyama ezinamakhompiyutha nezimbaza ezincane kunazo zonke, iMenziber, abantu abade abade.
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Izici zokuphila kwamamamonso kuNdalo

I-Groundhog ekungeneni komgodi

Naphezu kwendawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa, zonke izinhlobo zemarmot zinokufana kakhulu. Isitebhisi esakhiwe kubo sihlala simbozwa imashi. Lezi sakamuva zibukeka njengamagquma omhlaba ahamba kancane, aphonswa yizizukulwane eziningi zemarmot ebusweni kusuka ekujuleni komgodi. Ama-marmots angafinyelela ukuphakama okufika kumamitha, futhi indawo yawo ivame ukukalwa ngamashumi ngamamitha skwele. Ngenxa yokuqunjelwa kwenhlabathi nobuningi bezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo - imiphumela yomsebenzi obalulekile wamagundane, izimo ezikahle zokuthuthuka kwezinhlobo ezithile zezimila zakhiwa emamotini. Ngakho-ke, ngokumelene nesizinda se-steppe, aphawuleka kakhulu futhi abonakala njengamabala aluhlaza. Ukuphakama kwezimila zivumela izilwane ukuba zibuke kangcono indawo.

Izilwane ezinkulu ezihlala emakoloni futhi zihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke ziyabonakala kude. Sebeqaphele umzingeli, bagijima ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka emamameleni abo futhi bacashe ngokushesha emiseleni. Izilwane ezifanayo, ezisengozini esheshayo, zime phezulu emamameleni, zikhuphuka amakholomu bese zishayela ikhwela ngokwesabekayo. I-alamu idluliswa isuka kwenye imarmot iye kwenye. AmaRoents, lapho esezwile, aphazamisa ukondla kwawo nekhanda kuye kwizimbumbulu ezisindayo.

Ukuhlangana kwe-coloniality kanye nokubonwa komsindo phakathi kwezilwane kwakha isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuziphatha futhi kushiya ukuvela kwezinye izici ze-biology yabo. AmaMarmot awukwazi ukuhlala wedwa. Futhi yize bedoba kakhulu, amanani abo ancipha, bahlangana ngokwamaqembu futhi bakhe amakoloni amasha.
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Imindeni yaseGroundhog

Umndeni wamammot ungaba nesakhiwo esingafika ehektheleni elilodwa. Kungabakhona izindunduma ezibalelwa ku-3-4. Kulelo nalelo lazo kukhona izimbobo eziningana, ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20-30 oholela ekujuleni kwamagumbi okudlela. Imisele yemigodi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kumamaki amadala, ubude bezifundo bungafinyelela amashumi amaningana amamitha, futhi ukujula kungamamitha angama-3-4. Kukhona futhi amagumbi obusika, amakamelo ehlobo ehlobo, atholakala eduze kwendlela ophumayo. Ebusika, izingulule zifihla phakathi kwawo wonke umndeni, futhi kufinyelela izilwane ezi-10 esidlekeni esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, usayizi wamakamelo wokudlela mkhulu kakhulu, ngisho nomuntu omdala ungangena kuwo.

Ngaphakathi esizeni somndeni kukhona eminye imisele esetshenziswa yizilwane ngenkathi efudumele. AmaMarshmallows ahlanganisa izindlela ezinyathelwe, ikakhulukazi eziphawuleka lapho utshani buqala nje ukukhuphuka.

Ngokungezelela esidlekeni, kuhlala kukhona izimbotshana ezibalelwa ku-2-3 esizeni somndeni, izilwane ezingazisebenzisa uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi engazelelwe.
Ezintabeni, imisele yemisele engaphansi komhlaba ingatholakala phakathi kwamatshe, emifantwini, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Izilwane zivame ukuhlala phezu kwazo etsheni elikhulu, kungathi kugada indawo yazo.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwamamamondi ngaphakathi kwendawo akuhlangene kakhulu. Ngokukhululeka okuthe xaxa, abakwazi ukuyixazulula, futhi izindawo abahlala kuzo zelulwa kakhulu. Ochwepheshe babiza lolu hlobo lokuhlala ngokuthi i-steppe. Kuboniswa ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezilwane, kufinyelela kubantu abangama-200 ngekhilomitha ngayinye yesayithi.

Ezintabeni, izindawo ezinabantu zinokuphakanyiswa ngesiqeshana esincanyana eceleni kwemishayo. Izindlu zohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala zishintshana nezindawo ezingakhiwe. Kukhona nohlobo lokugxila kulo, lapho emakoloni engakufanele impilo yalezi zilwane ungahlangana nezindawo ezihlukene ezikude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Lapha, amasheya ama-marmots mancane, futhi ngekhilomitha elilodwa lesikwere azikho ngaphezu kwezilwane ezingama-30- 40.
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I-Groundhog hibernation

Umjikelezo wonyaka wokuqanjwa komhlaba uqukethe inkathi yokuphila kwasemhlabeni okusebenzayo - kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4-5, kanye nokufihlakala - okuhlala unyaka wonke. Ezindaweni eziningi, ama-marmot aphaphama kuphela entwasahlobo alale lapho kuqala ikwindla.

Entwasahlobo, kuvuka izihlabathi lapho nje kuvela amabala okuqala athambekele emithambekeni eseningizimu. Ngesikhathi hibernation, bachitha kuphela ingxenye yamafutha abo aqokelelekile kusuka ekwindla. Kepha ukuqala kokuqongelelwa kwamafutha amasha ahambelana nokukhishwa kwesisindo kwezilwane ezisencane. Amafutha aqongelela ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingama-3-4. Ngesikhathi ama-hibernation floorhogs akwazi ukubutha aze afike ku-2 kilos wamafutha.
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Ukuzalela Ngesihlabathi Esiphansi

Owesifazane waseGroundhog one-cub

Ama-marmot aqala ukuhlangana ngemisele, ngaphambi kokuphuma okukhulu ebusweni bomhlaba ngemuva kokuqothuka. Insikazi ingaletha amawundlu angama-4-5, okuthi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu ondle nobisi iqale ukubonakala ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuwa kwemindeni ebusika kubhekwa, futhi izilwane zihlala emiseleni ehlobo eminingi, ngaphandle kokushiya imingcele yesakhiwo somndeni. Izimbaza ezihleliwe zingahlala isikhashana ubusuku emiseleni okungeyona yokuhlala, zizesule bese kancane kancane zilahlekelwe ukuxhumana nomjondolo ojwayelekile wobusika.

Njengomthetho, ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izimbumbulu zabesifazane ezilethwa ngowesifazane ziyafa. Ukukhula okusha kuyisisulu esilula sezimpungushe, ama-corsacs, ama-ferrets kanye nezinkozi.

Ukuqala sekwephuzile kokuvuthwa, ukuzala okuphezulu kwezinsikazi, okungaphezu kwengxenye yenani eliphelele nokuhamba okukhulu kwezilwane ezisencane, kuchaza ikhono eliphansi kakhulu lamagundane ukubuyisela izinombolo zabo ngesikhathi sokudoba ngokweqile.

Ukusebenza kanye nokuhamba kwemarmony kuhluka kakhulu ezinyangeni ezihlukile. Ama-Marmots asebenza kakhulu ngemuva kokuqashwa futhi ngaphambi kwabancane. Ngemuva kwalokho umsebenzi wezilwane zabantu abadala uyancipha, futhi ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwemibhobho, kuncipha izikhathi eziningana ngenxa yokukhuluphala ngokwanda. Ukuhamba okuphansi nobungako bezilwane ukuya emiseleni yazo kwenza kube nzima ukudoba kubo ngalesi sikhathi. Kepha ngisho nangezikhathi zomsebenzi onamandla, ama-marmot achitha cishe amahora amane ngosuku ngaphandle komqolo.

Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi sekusele isonto ngaphambi kokucasha kwama-hibernation, kuvalwe konke ukungena emgodini, kusale eyodwa kuphela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, aphonsa amatshe amakhulu emgodini osemgodini ngobuso bawo, amboze ngomhlaba nodongwe, abese ahlanganisa yonke into ngokuqinile. Ama-plugs anjalo angaba nobukhulu obufika kumamitha ayi-1.5-2.
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Inani leMarmot

Izikhumba zaseMarmot zigcwele izinyanga eziyikhulu kuya kwezingu-5,5 ngemuva kokuphaphama futhi ngenyanga edlule ngaphambi kokulala ebusika. Okokujikeleza kwesilwane okusebenzayo, isikhumba saso asisisizi ngalutho. Ukuqala nesikhathi ubude bokulinganisa kuyahluka kakhulu. Ukuhlanza kwenzeka kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifushane.

Amathuba okusebenzisa izikhumba, amanoni nenyama kunquma inani elikhulu lomnotho we-floorhog.

Izindlela zokumba izimayini zaseGroundhog

Ungazifaka kanjani izingodo zami

Izindlela zokukhiqiza izingulule ziyashiyana kakhulu. Indawo ngayinye inamaqhinga wayo ayithandayo, kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo.

Ukudubula okuvela ngesibhamu noma isibhamu esincane esithandekayo kudumile kakhulu. Ukuzingela kwenziwa ikakhulu ngokucasha. Ukulondolozwa kwezilwane okufakwe emgodini akusizi. Kungcono ukudubula izilwane kusuka kwezibhamu ezincane ezinamandla, lapho izibuko zishintshwa ngokuphelele yimpukane yethambo, efakwe ngokuqondile endaweni ebanzi futhi engashonile yokubona. Uhlaka olubonayo luvikeleka ngokushayeka okukhethekile kwensimbi futhi kubheme intuthu ye-birch bark. Lokhu kuqeda ukukhanya kwensimbi, okungaphazamisa ukuqondisisa okunembile. Ama-bipods akhethekile anamathiselwe engxenyeni yesibhamu ukuze adubule ngokuqinile esuka esitobhini. Lawa madivayisi avumela ukudubula okuqondile kumakhanda asezansi ekhanda kude kufinyelela kumamitha angama-50.
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Fihla ngenkathi uzingela i-landhog

Abazingeli abaningi bagqoka ingubo emhlophe, amaphinifa edolo nezicucu zama-elbow okwenza kube lula ukukhamba esilwaneni. Ezandleni zomzingeli uphethe ibhulashi ende yezinwele ezimhlophe ze-ponytail. Befuna ibhulashi, bathakazelisa izilwane ezinelukuluku.

Ngaphezu kwemishini echaziwe, umzingeli uphatha naye i-wire hook ende - i-dygen. Ngosizo lwakhe, angakhipha amamamothi afile, ngezinye izikhathi awela kakhulu emgodini womgodi. Umdubuli omuhle angakhuphuka kuze kube ngama-20hoyi kusuka kusibhamu ngosuku lokuzingela.
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Izicupho zeGroundhog

Ukudoba kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokudoba. Ngezokudoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-arc izicupho No. 3. Ngesikhathi sokudoba ekwindla, kunenzuzo ethe xaxa ukungazifaki emnyango wegodi, ngoba lapha isilwane siziphatha ngokucophelela, kepha endaweni yesikhulumi noma umkhondo. Ukufihla okuhle isiqinisekiso sokuthi isicupho ngeke sibe nalutho.

Isikhonkwane sokuqinisa isicupho kufanele sidonselwe emhlabathini ukuze umgodi ongene ogibeni, udonsa iketanga, ungafinyelela emgodini bese ugibela kuwo usisigamu. Lapha uzoziphatha ngokuzinzile ogibeni futhi ngeke akwazi ukuphula noma ukusonta iketanga.

Kumamobhoti ngayinye yokuhlala, ungabeka izicupho ezi-1-2. Ukuzihlola nsuku zonke ku-9-10 a.m. futhi ihora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Ngemuva kokubamba ama-marmot kusuka ku-marmot, kungakuhle ukuhlela kabusha izicupho futhi ungazigcini endaweni eyodwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3-4. Kusebenzisa izicupho ezingaba zingu-3, ​​umzingeli onolwazi angavuka ama-marmots angaba ngu-15-20 ngosuku.
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Ezinye izindlela zokumbiwa phansi kwezimbiwa

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi izinja zisetshenziselwa ukubamba izimbungulu ezibuyela kude kude nemisele;

Ukudotshwa kweMarmot, ukuqaqa izimbobo nokumba izinto zakamuva akuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengohlobo lokuzingela - azinzuzo.

Namuhla sikhulume ngemikhuba yemarmony, mayelana nokuthi lezi zilwane ziphila kanjani, zidlani, ukuthi zizalela kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokubanjwa kwazo ezithathwa njengezisulu kakhulu. Wake wazingela umgodi? Kuzoba yinto ethokozisayo kithi ukuzwa ngomuzwa wakho wokuzingela lesi silwane. Yabelana nathi ngodaba lwakho.

Silinde impendulo yakho namazwana, ujoyine iqembu lethu le-VKontakte!