I-White-fringed Apteronotus (yesiLatini: i-Apteronotus albifrons), noma njengoba ibizwa kaningi ibizwa ngokuthi ngommese omnyama, ingenye yezinhlanzi zamanzi amnandi angajwayelekile ama-amateurs azigcina ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Bayamthanda ngoba muhle, uyaheha ngokuziphatha futhi akajwayelekile ngokweqile. Emakhaya, ezihlathini zemvula zaseAmazon, izizwe zasendaweni zikholelwa ukuthi ummese uyinhlanzi, imimoya yokhokho bahlala emva kokufa, ngakho-ke ithathwa njengengcwele.
Yize zikhula zikhulu impela, cishe amasentimitha angama-40, zihlala zinhle kakhulu.
Ngamahloni athile emvelweni, ama-apertonotus aguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi aqala ukuziphatha ngesibindi, kuze kube yilapho esedla ezandleni zawo.
Ukuphila endalweni
I-Apteronotus albifrons yaqala yachazwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1766. Ihlala eMelika eseMelika, eAmazon nasezithendeni zayo. Igama lesayensi yi-apronotus emhlophe, kepha livame ukubizwa ngokuthi ummese omnyama. Igama livela esiNgisini - iBlack Ghost Knifefish.
Ngokwemvelo, uhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane amanzana futhi anesihlabathi esithe xaxa, afudukela ezingxenyeni zemango ezingcolile ngesikhathi semvula.
Njengezinhlanzi eziningi zohlobo lwayo, ithanda izindawo ezakhiwe ngokweqile ezinamakhefu amaningi. E-Amazon, izindawo lapho i-Afteronotus ihlala khona azikhanyiseli kahle futhi zinamehlo ampofu kakhulu.
Ukuze unxephezele ubuthakathaka bokubona, ikhebula elimhlophe likhiqiza insimu kagesi ebuthaka izungeze ngokwayo, ngosizo lwayo idonsa ukunyakaza nezinto. Insimu isiza ukuzingela nokuzulazula, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lukagesi, i-apertonotus ixhumana nohlobo lwayo.
Imimese emnyama izinyamazane ezihlasela ebusuku ezihlasela emifuleni yezinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke ama-apertonotus athengiswayo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esuka eSouth America, ikakhulukazi evela eBrazil. Kepha eminyakeni yamuva baye babelwa ngempumelelo ekudingisweni, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi ingcindezi kubantu bemvelo yehle kakhulu.
Incazelo
Ummese omnyama ungakhula ube ngu-50 cm futhi uphile iminyaka eyi-15. Umzimba uyisicaba futhi uphakeme. Awekho ama-dinsal kanye ne-ventral fins; i-anal yona idlula wonke umzimba uye emsileni.
Ukunyakaza okungaguquki okufana negagasi ne-anal fin kunikeza i-apertonotus umusa okhethekile. Yize zibukeka zincane, uhlelo lwazo lokuhamba ngogesi kanye ne-anal fin ende kukwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukuhamba kunoma iyiphi indlela.
Iqondanisa negama layo, i-ateronotus imalahle-mnyama, kuphela ekhanda kukhona umucu omhlophe obuye ugijime ngemuva. Futhi imivimbo emhlophe emi mpo emsileni.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Kunconyelwe ama-aquarists anolwazi.
Njengoba ummese omnyama awunazikali, uthinta kakhulu izifo kanye nokuqukethwe kwemikhiqizo yezokwelapha emanzini. Kunconywa ukufaka isihlungi sangaphandle nge-sterilizer ye-UV, ezonciphisa ithuba lokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Futhi, inhlanzi iyazwela imingcele yamanzi kanye nezinguquko zazo.
Njengezinhlanzi eziningi ezifanayo, i-ateronotus inamahloni futhi iyanqikanqika, ikakhulukazi e-aquarium entsha.
Obunye ubunzima ukuthi ingumhlaseli wobusuku, futhi udinga ukuyondla ebusuku noma ekushoneni kwelanga.
Ukondla
Imimese emnyama yizinhlanzi ezidlayo. Emvelweni, ukusebenza kwenzeka ebusuku, lapho zidla izinambuzane, izibungu, iminenke nezinhlanzi ezincane.
E-aquarium, kudliwa ukudla okukhona noma okubandayo, ngokwesibonelo, amabhungane egazi, ama-shrimp, ama-artemia noma ishubhu, izihlambi zezinhlanzi, kungabuye kufundiswe kumathebhulethi ahlukahlukene nasegreyini.
Bazophinde bafune nezinhlanzi ezincane ezingadliwa ngommese.
Kungcono ukondla kusihlwa noma ebusuku, kepha njengoba usujwayela, bangondla emini, ngisho nangezandla.
Isikhathi esiningi sichithwa eduze phansi. Ummese omdala omnyama inhlanzi enkulu edinga i-aquarium enkulu. Kungcono ukugcina ezindaweni zasemanzini ezingamalitha angama-400 noma ngaphezulu.
Kudingeka isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle, kufakwe i-sterilizer ye-UV. Inhlanzi ikhiqiza imfucuza eningi, idla ukudla kwamaprotheni futhi iyazwela ikhwalithi yamanzi. Sebenzisa isihlungi esinje kuzosiza ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi uma ukhohlwa ukususa izinsalela zokudla, isibonelo.
Inhlabathi - isihlabathi noma amatshe amahle. Kubalulekile ukuthi kunezindawo eziningi ezifihliwe nezindawo zokuphephela lapho i-apronotus emhlophe ingacasha khona phakathi nosuku.
Amanye ama-olwandle asebenzisa amashubhu asobala lapho izinhlanzi zizizwa ziphephile, kepha zingabonakala. Bazosebenzisa usuku lonke endaweni yokukhosela.
Kuyaluleka ukuthi uqale izitshalo ezintantayo ukudala i-twilight futhi udale ukugeleza okuphakathi ku-aquarium.
Amapharamitha wamanzi: lokushisa kusuka ku-23 kuye ku-28 ° С, ph: 6.0-8.0, 5 - 19 dGH.
Ukuzala
Ukuzalanisa udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-400. Ukuze uqhume, kufanele kutshalwe owesilisa oyedwa nowesilisa noma abathathu noma abathathu.
Ngemuva kokubhanqa, izinsikazi ezisele kufanele zisuswe. Nikeza ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kunomphunga. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi - 27 ° С, pH 6.7. Lo mbhangqwana uqhuma ebusuku, emhlabathini, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele njalo ekuseni ukuthi ukwanda kwenzeke.
Ngemuva kokusaphaza, insikazi idinga ukufakwa, bese eyeduna igcina - iqaphe amaqanda futhi iphonsa ngamaphiko. Njengomthetho, i-hry hatch ngosuku lwesithathu, kuthi emva kwalokho owesilisa abuye aboshwe.
Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa esekhulile, wondla isinkwa se-yolk izinsuku ezimbili, ungaqala ukondla ngosuku lwesithathu.
Ukuqala okuphakelayo - ama-ciliates. Ngosuku lweshumi, i-fry ingadluliselwa ku-naupliya artemia, iyondla kathathu ngosuku. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-fry ingaqala ukondliwa nge-tubule yokusika, kubalulekile ukondla ngezingxenye ezincane futhi kaningi.
E-aquarium
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zingabadli, azizibeki engcupheni yezinhlanzi ezinkulu, kodwa zibheka izinhlanzi ezincane njengezisulu. Kufanele kube nezindawo zokukhosela e-aquarium. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi 25-30 ° C. Ukuvuselela okuhle nokuhlunga kuyadingeka.
Habitat
Woza evela eMelika Melika. Zitholakala cishe kulo lonke i-Amazon basin. Uncamela izifunda ngenkambo ehamba kancane, izingxenyana ezinesihlabathi kanye nenani elikhulu lendawo yokuhlala. Esikhathini semvula, ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezinamanzi asehlathini. Inhlanzi ihola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, futhi phakathi nesikhathi iqhubeka ezindaweni lapho ilanga lingashoni.
Imininingwane emfushane:
Umsoco
Izinhlobo ezi-Carnivorous, emvelweni zidla izikelemu, izinambuzane zasemanzini nezibungu zazo, izinhlanzi ezincane. Ukudla okusha noma eqandisiwe, okufana neminyundu, iminyundu yegazi, iminyundu yegazi, izingcezu zezimbaza nezimfushane, kungafakwa ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Uma zitholakala, ngeke zenqabe ezinhlanzini bukhoma.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinhlanzi ezimnyama zommese ziyakwazi ukukhumbula umnikazi wazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zithathe ukudla ngqo ezandleni. Kubalulekile ukuthi izandla zihlanzeke, zingabi nalutho lwensipho, okhilimu.
Inhlanzi eyodwa endala izodinga i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-300. Idizayini kufanele ifane nemvelo yemvelo ngokukhanya okufiphele nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-substrate yamatshe amahle, amatshe abushelelezi, amathangi ezitshalo, kufaka phakathi okuntantayo, kanye ne-Driftwood ehlukahlukene nezinye izinto ezingasebenza njengesiphephelo.
Ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kuncike kakhulu ekugcineni izimo ezinzile zamanzi nge-pH efanelekile ne-dGH. Ngaphezu kohlelo lokuhlunga olukhiqizayo, abanye abasemanzini bathola inzalo ye-ultraviolet njengendlela yokulwa namagciwane. Izinqubo eziphoqelekile zokunakekela i-aquarium zinguquko yamasonto onke yengxenye yamanzi ngama-30-50% kanye nokuhlanza njalo kwenhlabathi kusuka kumfucuza we-organic.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Izinhlanzi ezinamahloni ngokuthula maqondana nabanye omakhelwane abasemanzini. Kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kuseyizinhlobo ezi-carnivorous, izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu zingaba izisulu zazo ezingahleliwe. Ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo, isimo sehlukile. Ummese wezinhlanzi ezimnyama unolaka kakhulu ezihlotsheni zawo, ezingavumeli ukuthi zigcinwe eqenjini.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Izinhlanzi zokwakha zibhekwa njengezizinze ngokwengeziwe kunezihlobo zazo ezibanjwe endle. Ezimweni ezinhle, akekho kubo ozoba nezinkinga zempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, ubungozi besifo esithile banda. Eenhlanzini zokuqala, imingcele yobubanzi bokuqukethwe iphezulu kancane. Bheka isigaba seZifo Zezinhlanzi ze-Aquarium ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nezindlela zokwelashwa.
Imfashan.ru
Inhlanzi emnyama emnyama (i-Apteronotus albifrons) inhlanzi ethandwa kakhulu yomndeni wakwa-Apteronotidae. Enye yezizathu zalokhu kubhebhetheka okukhulu ukungeniswa kwezinhlanzi, okwathatha amashumishumi eminyaka ukusuka emgodini wemifula yaseNingizimu Melika. Futhi, kusobala, isizathu sesibili sokuthandwa ukubukeka okungavamile. Kulula ukwahlukanisa inhlanzi kwabanye abamele abomndeni wayo ngenxa yomngcele omhlophe, otholakala emsileni womzimba. Kwamanye amazwe ibizwa nge- "Black Ghost Knife Fish", ngoba izizwe zasendle ezihlala emahlathini ase-Amazon zikholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabafi iya emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-ateronotus emnyama ingeniswe e-Indonesia, lapho ibhujiswa kahle.
Gxuma ngokushesha esihlokweni
Izici zangaphandle
Inhlanzi ingakhula ize ibe ngu-50 cm e-aquarium. I-Aftertonotus inomzimba wokuvumelanisa kwendiza, ophakeme. Ngasemuva kukhona i-fin engaqondile eyindilinga, ehambisana nengxenye engezansi ihlangana ne-caudal ne-anal fin. Lesi “sakhiwo” sakha uhlelo olubizwa nge- “radar”, olusetshenziswa yinhlanzi njengegesi kagesi elisetshenziswa kancane ukuze lusetshenziswe endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Lo mklamo wonke uvumela futhi ukuthi ujabule ukubuyela emuva naphi ku-aquarium.
Ummese wezinhlanzi ekuqaleni ungaba namahloni, ube mubi. Kepha masisha lapho ivumelanisa naphansi entsha, iza emhlabeni ukuthola ukudla. Abanye bangathatha ukudla ezandleni zomuntu uma bekujwayela. IProtein ateronotus iyinhlanzi e-aquarium enokuthula engaphazamisi omakhelwane bayo. Kodwa-ke, iyazwela imingcele yamanzi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, kungcono ukuyixazulula ngethangi elivulekile elinomthamo wamalitha angama-350-400. Iminyaka yokuphila iminyaka engu-15.
Bona ukuthi immese yezinhlanzi ibukeka kanjani.
Ungayigcina kanjani i-afteronotus ekhaya lakho le-aquarium
Ummese wezinhlanzi ezimnyama uyisidleke. Endle, idla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane. E-aquarium, i-apteronotus emhlophe-ebomvu ingadla ukudla okusha okusanda kufakwa eqhewuleni, njengezihlwayi zegazi kanye ne-artemia. Kwesinye isikhathi iyondliwa ivela ezandleni zomniniyo. Ngaphambi kokondla izinhlanzi kufanele ziphathwe izandla, kufanele zihlanzeke futhi zibe nephunga. Unganikeza inyama ye-shrimp, imifantu, izibungu, inhlanzi encane kanye neminenke. Ekuqaleni, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo e-aquarium akuvamile ukudla, kamuva badla kaningi, kaningana ngosuku.
Ummese omnyama ukhetha ukukhanya kwe-dim nokukhosela okuningi ngendlela yamatshe abushelelezi, izitshalo nokhuni olusetshenzisiwe. Ungasebenzisa amashubhu asobala we-aquarium njengomhlobiso - lapho umnikazi angabona isilwane esivele sizizwa siphephile. Izitshalo zidinga ukukhetha ephephile, enamaqabunga abushelelezi futhi amade.
Ukuziphatha ku-aquarium ejwayelekile
IBlack ateronotus inolaka kumalungu ezinhlobo zayo kanye namalungu omndeni asondelene nomndeni wakwa-Apteronotidae. Yize kunentukuthelo enamandla, ziyakwazi ukugwinya izinhlanzi ezincane, njengama-guppies, neon. Ama-barbs azobanika inkathazo, adonsa amaphiko amahle. I-ateronotus emhlophe ebheke phambili izodla wonke ama-mollusks nama-invertebrates ahlala e-nursery. Ukuvumelana kungenzeka nabamele izinhlobo zabo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bathola ubudlelwano uma i-aquarium iminyene futhi kungekho zindawo zokukhosela. Ukuvumelana kuyenzeka futhi nenhlanzi eshisayo ephakathi nendawo enokuthula engabonwa njengokudla.
Bukela ukuthi i-afteronotus idla kanjani ezandleni zomuntu.
Inqubo yokuzala
Ummese wezinhlanzi ubonakala nge-dimorphism yezocansi ebuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalanisa ezindaweni zasemanzini akuvamile. Amaphrotheni ateronotus adotshwa e-Indonesia ngezinjongo zokuhweba. Kukhona abathandi abathi ummese omnyama wazala inzalo.
Ukuze uthole izinhlanzi ezizaliswayo, i-aperonotus emhlophe idinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100 ngamapharamitha: izinga lokushisa 25-25 degrees Celsius, acidity 6.0-6.3 pH, hardness 5-6 dH. 1 owesilisa no-2 izithombo zesifazane. Ukusakazeka kugqugquzelwa ngokulingisa isikhathi semvula, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihliswa noma lenyuka. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-500, ngemuva kokuhluma, abakhiqizi badluliselwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, bese amaqanda adluliselwa kwi-incubator, lapho kungekho khona indiza futhi kukhanyisa ukukhanya. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-40-90, isikhathi sokufakwayo sizophela, i-fry izovela. Amanzi kufanele abe nezinga eliphakeme le-oksijini, ungangeza igremu elilodwa likasawoti nge-1 litre kulo. Kunconywa ukuvuselela amanzi njalo, uhhafu wevolumu ephelele. Kubalulekile ukuthi izibungu zibe nendawo yokucasha. Ukudla kokuqala kukaFry yi-zooplankton engajulile. Bajwayela ukukhula ngocansi lapho beneminyaka eyi-1-1,5, kubalulekile ukuthi baqiniseke ukuthi amafry awaguguli umsila womunye nomunye, ngakho-ke izindawo zokukhosela zawo wonke umuntu ziqinisekisa ukulondolozwa okuphezulu kanye nokulondolozwa kwezingane.
Izikwele ezingenabugovu,
Ungasibulala isibindi sabo.
O, abayithandi imigwaqo ye-fascist
Umsuka wethu omnyama wensimbi emnyama!
"La amademoni alwa noma elimele kabi, afana ne-berserkers, aya phambili futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi awanqande ..." - Yileyo ndlela amasosha ezikhulu zomzimba zokuzithandela amathimba e-Ural achazwe ngayo kulo mbiko kuGeneral Staff.
Lokhu bekunjalo nje lapho i-Motherland ifona futhi ucingo lwayo luzwakala. Impumelelo ebangwa yigazi leMpi yaseStalingrad yaba yingxenye eqhumayo yentando yabantu nesifiso esithandwayo sokuxosha isitha endaweni yaso ngokushesha okukhulu. Amadolobha amathangi e-Ural: ISverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, izifunda zaseMolotov zabhalela iSikhulu Esiphezulu ngokucela isicelo sokwenza izidumbu ezikhethekile zokuzithandela.
Isinqumo senziwa, ukwakhiwa kweqembu kwaqala. Bangaphezu kuka-15 abantu abafuna indawo eyodwa, bakhetha okuhle kakhulu. Futhi ezitshalweni ngalesi sikhathi izisebenzi zahlala ngemuva kokuhamba, zakha izikhali, zaqoqa amathangi, amagobolondo abukhali. Ngakho-ke ekubonakalisweni kothando lwezwe ngo-1943 kwazalwa i-Ural Volunteer Tank Corps, kamuva eyathola isihloko esithi Guards. Wayehlome ngokuphelele ngamakhambi esintu.
Esithombeni: isigaba sethangi "Black Knives", 1943.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lolu hlaka lwamathangi enesibindi lathola elinye igama: amaJalimane alinika, kodwa laqala izimpande. "I-Black Knife Division" (iSchwarzmesser Panzer Division) - yilokho izitha zamathangi aseSoviet athatha ukwakheka ngakunye kwamaJalimane ngemuva kokukibiza kanjalo. Ummese ophethwe isibambo esimnyama ungenye yezinto ezingabalulekanga emishini yamasosha ezidumbu. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyimodeli ye-NR-40 Scout Knife, eyenziwe ngeZlatoust Tool Plant kusukela ngo-1941.
Kwakuyindatshana ende eqondile yaseFinland eyayine blade elilodwa nesibambo sokhuni. Isici esibonakalayo sommese kwakuyigada elibanzi, elilungele ukulwa okusondele. Umgodi obunjiwe nokhuni wawumnyama matte. Ngemuva kwalokho, ummese omnyama waba yisimilo sesimo samasosha alezi zidumbu ezithile zamathangi, anikwa izindiza ezathatha ulimi lwazo noma zazihlukanisa enkundleni yempi.
Kulesi sithombe: abashayisibhakela be-Ural Volunteer Tank Corps enikezwa "imimese emnyama" yokufaneleka kwezempi, ngo-1943.
Ungathenga ummese omnyama namuhla. Kunezindlela ezimbili. Uma uzama ngokweqiniso, ungathola ummese wangempela wethangi elimnyama owenziwe ngo-1943 endalini evaliwe. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, intengo yayo izokwenqabela - ukutholakala! Okwesibili, akulona iqiniso ukuthi akukukhiphi inkohliso. Noma kunjalo, ungathinta umlando. Kukhona indlela yesibili yalokhu: thenga isithombe sommese iBlack Knife esitolo se-inthanethi somenzi osemthethweni.
Kulesi sithombe: isithombe esidumile se- "Black Knife" -, ummese uyatholakala ngokuthengiswa.
Ngo-2005, ifektri yezikhali yaseZlatoust - eyalandela esikhundleni seZIK - yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sikhali esidumile.Kwathathwa ummese wesampula wango-1943, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokulinganisa ngokunembile, kwenziwa umdwebo futhi i-HP-40 yenziwa kabusha koyedwa.
Umlando weBlack Knives Division uyinsumansumane yabantu. Imodeli yesibindi esingenakuqhathaniswa kanye nesifiso kuzo zonke izindleko ukuvikela umhlaba wabo nabantu babo ekugxekeni. Izinto ezidumile njengemese emnyama empeleni azizona ziningi. Futhi siyaziqhenya ngokuthi imboni yezikhali yaseZlatoust isinika ithuba lokuthinta umlando wezempi okhazimulayo wezwe lethu.
Phakathi kokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwe-aquarium, okunye okuthakazelisa kakhulu izinhlanzi, ezaziwa ngokuthi "ngommese omnyama". Ngokusemthethweni, ubizwa nge-ononus, futhi emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi igama lakhe "yisipoki esimnyama." Ama-Aquarists anesipiliyoni anikela ngokuzithandela amachibi awo engilazi. Kodwa abaqalayo, mhlawumbe, badinga ukuthola ulwazi ngaphambi kokuthola ukutholwa okunjalo: ummese omnyama yinhlanzi, okuqukethwe okubandakanya ukunakwa okukhethekile namakhono.
I-apteronotus yavelaphi?
Le nhlanzi eyingqayizivele iyikhaya lezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, lapho yafunda khona ngobuningi bePeru, iBrazil, iBolivia, neColombia - phezulu naphakathi ne-Amazon. Futhi eParaguay kutholakala ummese omnyama emaPondeni, uncamela inkambo ebuthakathaka, engathambile nezitshalo ezicebile ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Amanzi ezindaweni ezinjalo anamafu, ukubonakala kwawo kuphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-afteronotus inombono ophansi kakhulu, kepha kunenye indlela yokuhamba ngemikhumbi - ukuthambeka kukagesi okubuthakathaka, umthombo wawo okuyiindandatho ezimhlophe ezimboze umsila. Emvelweni, ummese omnyama uyabavikela ekuhlaselweni futhi ufune ukudla. I-ateronotus ivele ezindaweni zasemanzini muva nje - cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Kepha sengivele ngikwazi ukuzitholela abalandeli.
Ukubukeka
Ekhaya "echibini" izinhlanzi zasemanzini "ummese omnyama" ungaba umhlobiso wazo. Ukuhamba okubushelelezi, izinhlaka ezithambile nokunyakaza kwepulasitiki ngisho nakubantu abangenandaba ne-aquarium, ngokushesha kudonsela ukunaka. I-Athertonotus ikhula ibe amasentimitha amahlanu (ngaphandle kwalapho, inendawo eyanele). Ukungabikho kwesikali kunikeza umbono wokuthi inhlanzi yi-velvet futhi yenza umbala wayo ujule futhi uthambile. Inhlawulo yangemuva yenhlanzi ayikho, kepha i-anal inwebeka esiswini sonke. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, ummese omnyama ungabhukuda kunoma iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, ulungisa ukuhamba kwawo ngamaphinifa we-pectoral. Isimo esijwayelekile kakhulu yilapho i-apertonotus itheleka ngasohlangothini lwayo. Uma umuntu ngaphambi kwalokho enezinye izinhlanzi kuphela lapho lokho kuziphatha kufakazela impilo ebuthaka, umgcini wasemanzini angasola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kepha ngemimese, le ndlela yokubhukuda iyinto evamile.
Sihlomisa indawo entsha
Uma uthathwe ngommese omnyama, ukulungiswa kwaso kuzophumelela kuphela emanzini amakhulu, hhayi ngaphansi kwamalitha ayi-150. Ukuntuleka kwesikhala ngeke kuvikele nje kuphela ukuthi kukhule ngezinga okungenzeka ngalo, kepha kuzolimaza nezempilo, kwenziwe buthaka amasosha omzimba futhi kulwenze lube sengozini yokugula okuhlukahlukene. Izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ngamadigri angama-23, ngenkathi ulinciphisa ezinkombeni ezingaphansi kwe-18, uyaqinisekiswa ukuthi ulahlekelwe isilwane sakho - inhlanzi iyindawo eshisayo, ne-thermophilic. Ingxenye yesithathu yamanzi idinga ukushintshwa masonto onke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aquarium kufanele ifakwe i-aerator eqinisiwe kanye nesihlungi se-peat. I- "Landscape" yenziwa izindawo zokukhosela eziningi: ummese omnyama uyisidalwa sasebusuku, ucasha phakathi nosuku, futhi kufanele kube nesikhala esanele salokhu. Ngokuqondene nokukhanyisa, kudingeka kakhulu izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ngoba umsebenzi we-apertonotus ungobusuku kuphela, futhi umbono wakhe mubi. Kuyafaneleka ukunakekela isembozo sengilazi ku-aquarium: kunezimo lapho imimese emnyama iphuma emanzini.
Ongavumela omakhelwane
Ngokuyinhloko, ummese umnyama - inhlanzi inokuthula futhi ayinalo ulaka. Ama-skirmishing avela kuphela phakathi kwabesilisa bohlobo oluthile ezingxabanweni zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwe imvelo yokuphamba, kungcono ukunganamatheli izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-neon kanye nama-guppies kuma-apertonotus: azodla. Kumimese emikhulu yomakhelwane ayinandaba. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukungavumeli izinhlanzi ezihamba kakhulu - isibonelo, amabha - ama-aquarium afanayo nawo. Ama-Athertonotuses anamahloni, futhi ukusuka ekunyakazeni okwedlulele ezungeze angathola ingcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omakhelwane abanjalo bangabamba imigqomo emincane yezimimese emnyama.
Ngokuphathelene nempilo
Njengoba ummese omnyama ungenazikali, kusengozini kakhulu i-ichthyophthyroidism. Ukwelashwa kwalo kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi ngokwezigaba akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-zinc, ngakho-ke lapho uthenga izidakamizwa kumele ufunde ngokucophelela lokho okusimo sabo. Izimpawu zalesi sifo yilezi:
- amashubhu amancane amhlophe asuka kwesigamu samamilimitha kuya kwesigamu nesigamu. Ama-Aquarists abiza i-semolina engajwayelekile,
- obhontshisiwe noma anamathele ndawonye amaphiko - isibonakaliso sesivele sesibili, sikhombisa ukuthi inqubo seyihambile impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu olunjalo luphawuleka kwezinye izifo,
- ukuvuvukala komzimba. Kubuye kubonwe ngezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ichthyophthyroidism kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ivame ukuphathwa ngokungenisa amanzi e-aquarium. Kepha ummese omnyama ungafa ngezinyathelo ezinjalo. Uma ufuna, ungasesha noma yimiphi imikhiqizo yokuphathelene. Kodwa-ke, ihlolwe ngabaningi - kwanele futhi ayinangozi ezitshalweni, akuphazamisi i-biofiltration, ngakho-ke ungakuletha ngokuphepha emanzini e-aquarium. Ukuhlushwa okujwayelekile kokwelashwa kwe-ichthyophthyroidism ngu-0,09 mg / l. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe ukungabikho kwesikali kuma-apertonotus, kufanele sehliswe ku-0,04 mg / L. Umkhiqizo wengezwa emanzini nsuku zonke, ngaphambi kokufaka ngakunye kukodwa kwengxenye yamanzi “echibini”, futhi lokhu kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho “i-semolina” inyamalala kanye nezinsuku ezimbili emva kwalokho.
Ukuzala kabusha ngommese omnyama
I-Afteronotus yinhlanzi e-viviparous. Ukuzalanisa ekhaya kunzima impela futhi akuvamile ukuba kuphumelele. Noma kunjalo, ungazama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lo mbhangqwana okhethiwe ubekwa ethangini elikhipha amanzi ngomthamo wamalitha ayi-100, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe liqinile kumadigri angama-25. Ngasikhathi sinye, udinga njalo ukwengeza amanzi amancane ahlanzekile - lokhu kulingisa kwenkathi yemvula. Futhi, hlinzeka ngokusakazwa kwamanzi lapho kubekwa khona i-caviar. Ekupheleni kokuqhuma, abazali bayasuswa ekuqhekekeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, i-hatch hry. Sonke lesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqapha isimo ku-aquarium futhi ususe amaqanda afile.
Kwenzeka ukuthi usuku lokuzalwa olusondelayo luhlangane nokuba khona kwenani elithile, elalingelibi kakhulu ukulisebenzisa. Ngemuva kokucabanga okuthile, kwanqunywa ukuthi kuthengwe ummese ngecala elivela kwa-S35VN. Ummese kade wabhekelwa, kepha uma ngingena esitolo ngawuthola futhi esikhundleni seqhawe lokubuyekezwa kwanamuhla uku-oda. Umzamo wesibili wenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva futhi kulokhu akukho lutho olungivimbele uku-oda ummese obekade udonse ukunaka kwami. Ngakho-ke hlangana - "Okumnyama" kusuka ku-Green Thorn.
Njengoba kucacile ukuthi ummese akuyona intuthuko yokuqala yamakhosi aseChina, ngemuva komyalo nginqume ukubheka imininingwane mayelana ne-prototype.
Kancane mayelana koqobo
Ummese yiphrojekthi ehlanganyelwe kaDmitry Sinkevich noSergey Shirorogorov. Akunamininingwane eminingi ngaye, ukwahlulela ngohlobo olunqunyelwe lwezingcezu eziyi-100. Abanye beza nezindiza zamakhabhoni, abanye bephethe ama-G10 pads. Ukwahlulela - ingxenye yemimese ikhishwe ngenhlawulo, ingxenye - ngaphandle.
Yebo, kusinikeza inani lezimpawu zoqobo:
Ubude be-Blade 89 mm.
- i-blade kusuka ku-ATS-34 (satin), amaphinikhadi nesikhafu esivela ku-G10,
- i-blade evela ku-S30V (satin), amaphinikhadi nesikhafu esivela ku-G10,
- i-blade evela ku-S90V (ukuwa), i-carbon lining, amabhonasi e-titanium.
Ifa kusuka kwi-titanium (iphathwa ukushisa), isiqeshana se-titanium kumabhonasi.
Umthengisi umemezela lokhu okulandelayo:
Ubude obuphelele: 213 mm
Ubude beBlade: 90 mm
Ubude obuvaliwe: 123 mm
Ubunono be-Blade: 4 mm
Ububanzi be-blade: 30mm
Blade Qeda: Ukugaya
Isistimu: I-system ka-ceramic ball eqoqwa kabili
Ubulukhuni: 59-60HRC
Isisindo se-Net: 138g
Indatshana ye-Blade: I-S35VN (i-100% eyiqiniso i-S35VN, ingahlolwa)
Isiphatho Sokubamba: I-Carbon Fibre
Ukupakisha: umkhono ophezulu we-nylon ekhethekile
Ngokuvamile, amapharamitha angena kokumenyezelwe noma eduze kwawo, ukusabalala okuncane kungabangelwa ukunganembile kwezilinganiso nephutha lesisindo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi "umkhono okhethekile we-nylon wekhwalithi ephezulu" ngandlela thile ubukeka wekhwalithi ejwayelekile. Lokhu kukhushulwa ikakhulukazi yisikhumba se-cheburashka yokufakelwa enephunga lesimilo, ngalo esilungisiwe kusuka ngaphakathi.
Okuthandayo kufingqiwe ngobuqili. Hhayi u-0.3 weqiniso, kepha okuphelele ngicabanga kahle.
Kumele ngithi isibambo siyimpumputhe impela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kufaka isandla lula ukugcinwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ephaketheni kuyabonakala.
Ngokususelwa ezithombeni ezitholakalayo, kufanele ngithi amaChinese akhiqizwe kabusha kakhulu "Okumnyama" kuhlobo lwe-flipper.
Kugoqiwe
Onke amabhonasi phakathi kwama-liners esitsheni sensimbi afakwa ngozibani. USatin on the blade ungcolile ngokulinganayo ungcolile, ekhondweni ngokwalo okuwukuphela kwalo okufakiwe iyibanga lensimbi i-S35VN. Isiqeshana yi-titanium, i-matte buthuntu, ayihlewanga kabusha. Ihlala ngokujule ephaketheni, yize ummese ungafihli ngokuphelele ephaketheni. Izinsizakalo zihambisana nalo lonke ubude becala, ichopho lilingana. Ibala limi kahle enkabeni, futhi uma i-axial ingasuswanga ngokuphelele, ibala alihambeli ndawo kusuka esikhungweni, okukhombisa izingxenye ezifanele zalo mmese. Imali incane. Ngasikhathi sinye, usayizi omncane wemali awuphazamisi ukugcwala okwejwayelekile kommese. I-Flip icacile, inembile, kepha ngandlela-thile “yomile”, akunakusindeka njengokuthi "ngentambo enguhhafu". Kepha ngaphezulu, ubukhona bezimpawu buzizwa buhle.
Isiqeshana, imali nokuningi
Isibambo sommese siyimpumputhe impela futhi ummese uhlala kahle ngesandla, yize kunjalo uzwakala ephaketheni ngenxa yalokhu. Ubuso bonke bunama-chamfers esandleni awashayeki ndawo. Isiqeshana futhi asiphazamisi nakancane. Ngokuvamile, ngilinganisa i-ergonomics yommese phakathi "okuhle kakhulu" nokuthi "okuhle kakhulu". Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuyivula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-flip, kepha kubonakala ilula kakhulu, futhi icinene kancane ephaketheni lakho, ngakho-ke ayifinyeleli ku-100% "emihle".
Izithombe ezimbalwa ezimbalwa zommese esandleni sakhe
.
Ukuqeda umese, sidinga i-8 ne-6 torx kanye nekhiye elincane elihlakaniphile, engilisuse ngempumelelo nge-bat engunxantathu. Ngiphawula ukuthi okwangempela ku-axial kwakuyiTorx ejwayelekile. Ama-bits asetshenziselwa empeleni ukuqaqa ummese asesithombeni.
Ukusizakala ngommese, akudingekile ukuyihlukanisa ngokuphelele, kwanele ukususa isisekelo se-axial.
Ama-pads nesiqeshana asuswa kusetshenziswa ama-torxes ayi-8, ama-bonnets esiqeshana angama-titanium end-to-end, anamathiselwe pad, izikulufu ezibambe isiqeshana zifakwe esikhonkosini ku-liner.
Kwelinye lamaphilisi, kuyathekiswa indawo yokuvala ilokhi.
Ukusebenza okukhethekile kwama-liners kungabonakali kusuka ngaphakathi, kepha kukho konke futhi kusukela ngaphakathi kubukeka kucocekile. Ukuvimbela ukuthengiselana ekuqhubekeni kwe-titanium, kufakwa insimbi yensimbi phakathi kwe-liner nethwala, amanzi lapho kukhethwe khona ikhefu.
Ubukhulu be-liner
2 mm.
Lapho uhlangana, kufaneleka kwezingxenye futhi zidonsela ukunaka. Izikhala zincane futhi uma ingxenye ingabekwa kahle, khona-ke izikulufa azingenisi. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi emhlanganweni we-axial nalapho unamathisela isiqeshana endaweni yaso.
Ngiqale ukulungiselela lokho okuzobukezwa ngalenkinga ngasikhathi sinye nokubuyekezwa ku- "thola", ngakho-ke wabamba iqhaza ekulungiseleleni isidlo sasekuseni esifanayo.
Kokubili isinkwa kanye nesando kunobude obanele bendawo.
Utamatisi ubuye usikwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ayikho imizamo yokuthambisa isikhumba
Ikhukhamba lisikwa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuqhekeka, ngokungafani ne- "hafu-bukhali "
Ama-greens aqunqwe kahle. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokusika imifino, ngabona ukuthi ubunjani bendwangu yalenduku bungikhumbuza - abanye abapheki beza nebala elifana kakhulu nephrofayili
Empeleni, isidlo esigcwalisiwe asifani nakancane nasekubuyekezweni kwe- “Get Easy”, kuyafana :)
Kepha njengoba lokhu kubukelwa kwabhalwa ngemuva, ngalesi sikhathi kungenzeka ukuzama ummese emafutheni kusuka efrijini - uvinjitha ngokuzithoba nangokuzithemba, ngezicucu kwanoma yikuphi ukushuba okufisayo
Inyama ethosiwe (ingulube, i-ham) inquma ngokuphelele.
Yize umfuyi wezinyosi, engihlala ngisebenzela inyama, usengcono kakhulu.
Nokho, selokhu ngafika enyameni, ngenza ukubuyekeza okuncane
Kubha le-oki, ngazama ummese ngasikhathi sinye ngokuthi "yi-semi-sharp", kepha ngaleso sikhathi ngabuye ngadonsa isigaxa sikaphayini. Ngeke ngithi konke lokhu kusikwa ngokuhlukumeza kakhulu, kepha ngokuzethemba nangokuthula. Akusimbi isandla sakho noma kuphi.
Njengoba lalingenalo iphephandaba noma iphepha lasehhovisi, ngasika isiqeshana sephepha ukuze ngibhale amanothi, ayekade eligoqiwe ngesigamu ngasikhathi sinye. Ubukhali buyifektri, ummese waso sonke isikhathi awuzange ulolwe futhi awulungiswa.
Engxenyeni eyisicaba, inquma ngokuthula, edolweni - iyaqala ukuklebhula.
Sekukonke, ngingasho ngommese ukuthi kuyamjabulisa ukwenziwa komsebenzi kanye nokuzilungiselela okuhle kwezingxenye. Futhi, ama-titanium liners kanye ne-carbon lining kunika abanye + enjabulweni yokuba ubunini. Izinto ezibonakalayo blade (ngenxa yokungakwazi kwami ukuhlola) kuyindaba yokukholwa kumenzi, kepha iGreenThorn ibonakala inedumela elihle. Ukucija ifektri akukubi, kepha kusadonsela ukucija lommese, futhi empeleni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngifuna ukukuzama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uwonakalisa, uzozisola kakhulu :). Ngabe kufanelekile ukuchitha u- $ 120 + kule ndima ethile? Kuphela uma ngifuna ngempela i-S35VN + titanium + carbon (njengoba bengifuna, ngokwesibonelo), kubonakala sengathi abasebenzisi abasha banikezwa isigqebhezana esithi "$ 10 kusuka ku- $ 100" (ngine-rot enjalo, ngisebenzise isigqebhezana esingu- $ 5 + isaphulelo esivela ku-application). Ngaphansi komphangi, izixhumanisi zezinguqulo ezengeziwe zesabelomali ze-The One One, mhlawumbe ngokuzayo ngizozithathela yona ene-liners yensimbi ne-G10.
I-Knife fish noma i-apronotus emhlophe iyilungu lomndeni we-aperonototic, imvelaphi evela emanzini aseNingizimu Melika aqinile. Inhlanzi inamagama amaningi, lapho kudume khona “inkosana emnyama” kanye “nommese omnyama”. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okumnyama, kukhona futhi imimese ehlukahlukene ebonakalayo evela emndenini kaNotoper obizwa ngokuthi “ummese waseNdiya”, “ummese wamehlo” noma “u-Ornata hitala”. Inhlanzi inezimpawu zomlingiswa ngamunye futhi ihlukaniswa ubuhlakani obuphakeme, njengama-cichlid, angabona umnikazi futhi abhukudele kuyo ukuze adle. Inganekwane enhle yaseMelika yoMdabu ithi imiphefumulo yamasosha afa ezimpini ihlala kulezi zinhlanzi.
Incazelo yangaphandle
Ummese omnyama upendiwe ngombala omuhle omnyama ngokufafaza okumhlophe komsila kanye nebala elincane elimhlophe ebusweni. Ukuma komzimba kufana ne-lanceolate, ngenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamaphiko. Inhlanzi ayinayo i-dorsal fin, kepha i-anal fin inqamula engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba futhi idlulela kahle ku-caudal fin. Isakhiwo somzimba esingajwayelekile sibuye siqinisekiswe yindawo okuvulwa kuyo izitho zangasese, etholakala cishe emlonyeni. Owesilisa angahlukaniswa kowesifazane nge-yen eyindilinga ngemuva kwekhanda, isisu esicaba nobukhulu obukhulu. Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zingakhula zize zifike kumamitha ayi-1 futhi zibe nesisindo esingama-10 kg, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aquarium ubukhulu bazo abudluli ku-30 cm.
Inhlanzi emnyama ye-Aquarium ihola impilo yasebusuku futhi ihlukaniswa ubumfihlo bokudala insimu kagesi kagesi efinyelela ku-7 cm ububanzi. Ukuba khona kwama-receptors kagesi akhethekile kuvumela imimese ukuthola izinto ezincane kunazo zonke endaweni. Ngaphandle komzimba ongashukumi, ummese wezinhlanzi unamandla amakhulu okuhamba ngokushesha nokubuyela emuva, ngokuqondile noma ukulele emhlane.
Ummese waseNdiya upendiwe ngompunga omnyama, unesakhiwo somzimba esiphakeme kanye ne-hump ngemuva. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imigqa yezindawo ezakhiwe umngcele omhlophe ngesimo wamehlo. Lolu hlobo lune-dorsal fin encane, efana ne-bird feather, ngenxa yayo ebizwa nangokuthi "spinopers". Ummese waseNdiya ufinyelela ku-50 cm ekuthunjweni, ufinyelela eminyakeni engu-3 yobudala futhi uphila iminyaka eyi-15.
Isonto nesonto, udinga ukuguqula amanzi ukuze uwahlanze futhi uzinze, futhi uqhubeke nezinga elifanele lokuhlunga. Kungcono ukuthatha isihlungi se-peat futhi usungule i-aeration enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuvinjelweni kwezifo, ungahlomisa i-aquarium ngesihlungi sangaphandle nge-ultraviolet sterilizer, ngoba ukudla kwamaphrotheni nokungcola emanzini kungangcolisa ukwakheka kwamanzi ngokushesha. Ummese omnyama usengcupheni yesifo ichthyophthyroidism, ekwelashweni kwawo ukuthi amalungiselelo e-zinc akufanele asetshenziswe.
Ummese kaHitala ulungele abasemanzini abanolwazi, izinhlanzi azizijwayeli kalula ezimweni ezintsha, futhi kunzima ukubekezelela izinto zokuhamba nokushintsha kwemingcele yamanzi. Izinhlobo zaseNdiya zidinga umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke zibhukuda ngaphezulu kwamanzi ukuze zithathe umoya womuntu ngezikhathi ezithile. Emini, izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela, kuthi ebusuku zisebenze futhi zizingele.
UKUPHILA KULULA
Inhlanzi emnyama yommese yaqala wachazwa uKarl Line ngo-1766. Ihlala eMelika eseMelika, eAmazon nasezithendeni zayo. I-White-apertonotus ibizwa nangokuthi ngommese omnyama, kanti ngesiNgisi iBlack Ghost Knifefish iyinhlanzi emnyama yommese.
Ngokwemvelo, uhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane amanzana futhi anesihlabathi esithe xaxa, afudukela ezingxenyeni zemango ezingcolile ngesikhathi semvula. Njengezinhlanzi eziningi zohlobo lwayo, ithanda izindawo ezakhiwe ngokweqile ezinamakhefu amaningi. E-Amazon, izindawo lapho kuhlala khona ama-aptronotus azikhanyisi kahle futhi zinamehlo ampofu kakhulu. Ukuze unxephezele ubuthakathaka bokubona, ikhebula elimhlophe likhiqiza insimu kagesi ebuthaka izungeze ngokwayo, ngosizo lwayo idonsa ukunyakaza nezinto. Insimu isiza ukuzingela nokuzulazula, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lukagesi, i-apertonotus ixhumana nohlobo lwayo. Imimese emnyama izinyamazane ezihlasela ebusuku ezihlasela emifuleni yezinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Inhlambi yommese izala kanjani?
Ukuvuthwa kwe-Atheronotus kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa nengxenye. Lezi zinhlanzi zizalela ngohlobo lokuphalwa kwesikole, lapho owesilisa nowesifazane ababili behlanganyela. Ukunwebeka kwenzeka ekuseni ngaphansi komfula wamanzi. Ngenxa yale nqubo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda aphuzi aphuzi acishe abe ngu-500, bese idonsa abesilisa. Ama-larvae aqala ukuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6, izinhlanzi ezincane zingabhukuda ngokuzimela futhi zidle ngisho nase-plankton.
Ngubani ongagcinwa ku-aquarium efanayo
Ummese wezinhlanzi ubonakala ngokuthula okukhulu, awunandaba ngokuphelele nezakhamizi zase-aquarium. Akadli ama-mollusks, njengoba ama-astronotuses enza, ngokwesibonelo, awabhubhisi i-algae njengezidumbu zomhlobiso. Zilungele inkampani enezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-aquarium ezidla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo nezinambuzane ezincane noma ukudla kwasolwandle. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izakhamizi ezincane ze-aquarium, ezingaphambaniseka ngokudla, zingafa uma zigcinwa "echibini" elifanayo ngamimese yezinhlanzi. Okokuqala, ama-neon amancane, ama-goupias amancane, nezinkemba asenkingeni ayahlupheka. Lapho bekhula, baba "ngabangani", into esemqoka akuyona ukugcoba "izinkemba".
I-Angelfish, i-discus, ama-clown nezinye izinhlanzi ezifanayo zizoba yi-cohabitants efanelekayo "yemimese". Ukuze usabalalise ubukhulu bezinsimbi ezise-aquarium ngangokunokwenzeka, kungcono ukukopela izinhlanzi ezihlala kwikholamu yamanzi kubo, bese ubeka amapayipi ambalwa epulasitiki izinkemba. Bazongena kubo futhi bazizwe bekhululekile.
Ama-cohabitants amabi kakhulu
Ukuhambisana kwommese wezinhlanzi kanye ne-astronotus kucishe kube yi-zero. Amaphini awo amade futhi abuthakathaka amane acasule ababhula ngezinkanyezi abahlale bezikhonkotha. Ngeke bazidle izinhlanzi ngokwazo, kepha zingaphazamisa ukubukeka okukhulu kakhulu - amaphini ayohlale eboshwe. Kulokhu kufanele kufakwe ama-barbs, nawo athanda ukucindezela ngamaphini.
Uma unemimese eminingana emnyama e-aquarium, kuzodingeka uqiniseke ukuthi ngamunye wabo unendawo yakhe yokuhlala ekhoneni eliphambene le-aquarium. Bangakwazi ukujoyina impi yensimu. Indawo yokuhlala eyodwa kwababili izobangela ama-skirmish angapheli, ngenxa yalokho izinhlanzi zizothola ukucindezelwa. Kunconywa ukuthi uqale izinhlanzi ezi-1 kuphela nge-aquarium eyodwa noma okungenani ngamalitha ayi-150 amanzi. Okusho ukuthi, e-aquarium yamalitha angama-450 awekho "imimese" emithathu.
Ungayondla kanjani inhlanzi?
Izinhlanzi ze-Knife zivame ukujaha izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, ama-tadpoles kanye nezibungu, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke zikuthanda ukudla okuphilayo. Ukujabulisa izilwane ezifuywayo, abanikazi bavame ukuthola ukuthosa, izinambuzane, ama-squid nezibungu. Ingaphathwa nangamaqatha amancane enyama, kepha ngeke iphathwe ngokudla okwenziwe ngecala. Kuyafaneleka ukondla lezi zinhlanzi kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yazo yokusebenza.
Isithombe esihle izinhlanzi ummese omnyama
Ukondla nokudla: I-ateronotus ebekwe ngamehlo amhlophe i-carnivorous futhi, ezimweni zemvelo, idla kakhulu izibungu ezinambuzane kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi. Ekhaya, ngokomqondo, akukho okushintshile, badla ngokuzithandela kokubili ukudla okukhona nokuqandisiwe - amachaphaza egazi, isigaxa, benqabile ukudla ama-shrimps nama-squid, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke baphuthelwe isikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa nenhlanzi gazinga. Ngakho-ke, qaphela lapho uzalela ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ze-aquarium, ungashiyi gazinga ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kungenjalo bayoba nesidlo sakusihlwa. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuthatha ukudla okwomile nokufakwa esikhundleni salokho. Kunconywa ukondla imimese emnyama ngaphambi kokuvula isibani se-aquarium, noma ngemuva kokuyicisha kanye ngosuku. Ukweqa izinhlanzi kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwamathumbu enhlanzi. Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu kungaholela ekufeni kwawo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungadakwa ngokweqile kunokuphuza ngokweqile, futhi ku-aquarium yakho, kunoma yikuphi, izothola okuthile okudliwayo. Lapho ufuna ukudla, i-Afteronotus igxile kwezinguquko emasimini kagesi elenziwa ngama-receptors akhethekile asebangeni lonke lomzimba.
Ukondla izinhlanzi ze-aquarium kufanele kube okulungile: okulinganiselayo, okuhlukahlukene. Lo mthetho obalulekile uwukhiye wokulondolozwa okuphumelelayo kwanoma iyiphi inhlanzi, kungaba ngama-guppies noma ama-astronotuses. Isigaba "Kanjani futhi malini ukondla izinhlanzi zasemanzini" ikhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ichaza izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla kanye nohulumeni wokudla izinhlanzi.
Kulesi sihloko, sibona into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukondla izinhlanzi akufanele kube yisinengiso, konke ukudla okwomile noku bukhoma kufanele kufakwe ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake okuthandwa yi-gastronomic kwenhlanzi ethile futhi, ngokuya ngalokhu, kufaka ekudleni kwayo kokudla noma okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwamaphrotheni noma okuphambene nalokho okuqukethe izithako zemifino.
Okuphakelayo okudumile nokuthandwa yizinhlanzi, vele, ukudla okwomile. Isibonelo, njalo ngehora noma kuphi lapho ungathola khona kumashalofu we-aquarium okuphakelwa kwenkampani yaseTetra - umholi wemakethe yaseRussia, eqinisweni ukunikwa kwemfanelo kokudla kwale nkampani kuyamangaza. I-Tetra's "gastronomic" ye-gastronomic ifaka nokuphakelwa ngakunye kohlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi: i-Goldfish, i-cichlids, i-loricaria, izinsiphu, i-labyrinths, i-arovans, i-discus, njll. I-Tetra ibuye yathuthukisa ama-feed akhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukisa umbala, i-solidified noma i-fry. Imininingwane egcwele kuko konke ukuphakelwa kweTetra, ungakuthola kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani - lapha.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho uthenga noma yikuphi ukudla okwomile, kufanele unake usuku okwenziwe ngalo kanye nokuphila eshalofini, zama ukungathengi ukudla ngesisindo, futhi futhi nokugcina ukudla kusendaweni evaliwe - lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ezikuwo.
Ngokwemvelo phila: Imimese emnyama ivela eNingizimu Melika, ihlala ezindaweni ezigeleza kancane, ezinodaka, ezingaphezulu kwezingaphezulu kwesizinda saseAmazon - iBrazil, Colombia, Peru, iBolivia neParaguay River. Ubukhulu benhlanzi bufika ku-50 cm.
Ukuzalela kanye nezici zobulili zenhlanzi emnyama: I-ateronotus emhlophe obheke phambili - inhlanzi inzima impela ukuzalanisa. Inzalo yokuqala yatholakala eLeningrad ngo-1990. Ifinyelela ekukhulelweni kwayo ineminyaka eyi-1-1,5. Izici zokuya ocansini cishe azinqunywa, insikazi incane ngesisu esiyindilinga xaxa, emadodeni ukuba khona kwesigaxa samafutha ekhanda. Ukuvula ukuqhekeka nge-predominance yabesilisa, ngoba lokhu kuthathwa i-aquarium engatheni yamalitha ayi-100. Isibhamu noma izintambo zokwenziwa zifanelekile njengesiqalo. I-Spawning ivuselelwa ukwehlisa izinga lamanzi, ilandelwe ukwanda kwamanzi ancishisiwe, kuqale isikhathi semvula, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-25-26 ° C, isibani asilungile. Kunconywa ukufaka izifutho eziningana ezakha ukuhamba kwamanzi okuqinile, ukuqhekeka kuvame ukwenzeka ekuseni kokusakazwa kwayo. Amanzi ku-incubator kumele agcotshwe kahle nomoya-mpilo. Insikazi ifinya amaqanda aphuzi angama-500, kunalokho anamathela ngamaqanda. Ngemuva kokuhluma, abakhiqizi banconywa ukuthi batshale, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqanda azodliwa, isikhathi sokukhula sithatha amahora angama-96. I-Fry iyavela engabhukuda futhi idle i-zooplankton. Ngokulondolozwa okufanele kanye nokondliwa okufanelekile, izingane zanda ngokushesha futhi lapho inyanga ingena ku-5 cm futhi ithathe isimo nombala wezinhlanzi zabantu abadala.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Inhlanzi emmese emnyama inokuthula futhi ayinandaba nabanye abahlali bakulesi sigodlo sokufakelwa. Njengomakhelwane, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezingazidli inyama, zibalungele. Inhlanzi encane (ngokwesibonelo, ama-guppies noma inhlanzi ye-neon) ingathatha ummese wokudla futhi iwuthathe. Kodwa-ke, nabantu abavuthiwe, bangaba abangane, ngakho-ke uFry akufanele abanjiswe kubo. Njengenkampani enhle kakhulu yemimese emnyama, ama-scalars, i-clown fish, ne-discus kufanelekile.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Unganquma kanjani ubulili beProteus apteronotus? Kunzima impela ukwenza lokhu, ngoba izici zabo zobulili azivezwanga. Kodwa-ke, insikazi incane ngosayizi uma iduna. Futhi, eyesibili inesigaxa esinamafutha ekhanda.
Izifo
Ukuthenga isilwane samanzi amasha - ummese omnyama, abanikazi besikhathi esizayo bakhathazekile ngombuzo wokuthi baphila malini. Uma izinhlanzi zinikeza ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, izimo ezinhle zokuzigcina, zingaphila iminyaka eyi-12.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba inhlanzi yommese ingenazikali, isengozini enkulu yezifo ezahlukahlukene kunezinye izinhlanzi ezingafushanisa isikhathi sayo sokuphila. Ngokuyisisekelo, ummese wezinhlanzi ugula yi-ichthyophthyroidism. Lokhu kubonakala ngendlela yezimpawu ezithile:
- ukubonakala kwezindawo ezimhlophe, ezivuthayo kancane, ezinobubanzi obungu-0.5-1,5 mm, lokhu kudabha kubizwa nangokuthi i-semolina,
- amaphini agqamile noma anamathela kancane, lolu phawu lukhombisa ukuthi lesi sifo sikhula kwesinye sezigaba zokugcina. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba wuphawu lwezinye izifo,
- umzimba ovuvukayo futhi uwuphawu lwezifo eziningi.
Ukusiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zilulame, inani elincane likasawoti kufanele lifakwe emanzini e-aquarium, noma inhlanzi enesifo kufanele ifakwe emanzini ngenqwaba kasawoti. Into esemqoka ukungayigcwalisi ngokweqile, ngoba usawoti omningi ungadala ukufa kwenhlanzi. Imvamisa, nemithi ibuye isetshenziswe ukwelapha izinhlanzi. Kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inhlanzi yommese ine-zinc engabekezeleli, etholakala emithini eminingi. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga izidakamizwa, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela ukwakheka. I-Afteronotus ingalulama ngokushesha ngemuva kokugula, kubalulekile nje ukubasiza ngokwelashwa.
"I-Malachite eluhlaza" iyasiza nalesi sifo, esithathwa njengengalungile emhlabeni wezitshalo ze-aquarium kanye nezakhamuzi zakhona. Inani lalesi sidakamizwa libalwa kanjena: 0,09 mg ilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Isixazululo esinjalo kufanele sengezwe emanzini nsuku zonke, ngaphambi kokwenza u-25% wevolumu ephelele yamanzi kufanele ithathelwe indawo. Le khambi isetshenziswa kuze kube yilapho ichthyophthyroidism yelashwa, futhi ngemuva kokululama ezinye izinsuku ezimbili.