Ubude bomzimba we-chipmunk yase-Asia bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15, kanti nomsila ungamasentimitha ayi-7-12, kanti isisindo lisukela ku-80 kuye ku-100 amagremu.

Yize ama-chipmunks engawesiqhema se squirrel, lezi zilwane azifani.

Amawashi eChipmunks amafushane, kanti imilenze yawo yasemuva imfishane kunangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chipmunks abushelelezi futhi aselula kunama-squirrels. Ngasemuva kwe-chipmunk yase-Asia kunemivimbo emihlanu emnyama, kanti umbala womzimba uwonke ubomvu ngokungadingekile, lo mbala uyisici esihlukile salezi zilwane.

Indawo yokuhlala yama-Chipmunks ase-Asia

Lolu hlobo luhlala endaweni ye-Eurasia, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-25 zihlala eNyakatho Melika kuphela. AmaChipmunks ayizakhamuzi zasehlathini ezivamile.

Bancamela indawo ye-taiga; bangatholakala cishe kuyo yonke i-taiga - ukusuka e-Far East kuya engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Abanye abantu bangena eNhlonhlo yeKamchatka, kepha aziningi kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala kwama-chipmunks ase-Asia ihlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala kaphayini emincane yemisedari nepayini lomsedari.

Indlela yokuphila yase-Asia Chipmunks

Ama-chipmunks ayawathanda kakhulu amantongomane, athakatha imbewu ekhethekile yemisedari. Futhi ngenkathi yokukhula, zidla amahlumela aluhlaza, izimpande ze-namanzi, ngisho nezinambuzane nezicabucabu. Ukudla kwalezi zilwane kuqukethe imbewu yemisedari yaseKorea neyaseSiberia, umlotha wasentabeni, umndwani, imephu, isambulela nezitshalo ezi-herbaceous.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chipmunks aqoqa ukolweni, i-buckwheat, i-oats namakhowe.

Futhi, ama-chipmunks ase-Asia angadla i-shellfish.

Ama-chipmunks ase-Asia ayizilwane ezifihlayo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo lehla ngamadigri amaningana, futhi zonke izinqubo zokuphila zihamba kancane, lokhu kuyasebenza nakuma-metabolism. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba le-chipmunks ngalesi sikhathi lehla ngamazinga angama-3-8, kanti izinga lokuphefumula liphefumula kabili ngeminithi.

Amapulangwe agcwele izimbotshana, aqoqa kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayi-5 wamantongomane zikaphayini, imbewu kanye namaphaneli okusanhlamvu. Baqala ukugcinela ukudla ubusika kusuka enyangeni ka-Agasti. Ngaphansi komhlaba ama-chipmunks athola ama-squirrels, izingulube zasendle, ama-sables, amabhere futhi awonakalise.

Ama-chipmunks ase-Asia akha imisele eqinile okunzima ukuyithola. I-chipmunk ithwala umhlaba wemba kusuka kwizimbobo, ngenhloso yokufihla.

Emgodini kunekamelo lokulala, phansi kufakwe phansi notshani, kanye nama-pantries. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona izindlu zangasese.

AmaChipmunks ahlala yedwa, umuntu ngamunye enesakhiwo sakhe. Emgodini owodwa, ama-chipmunks amabili awakwazi ukusondelana. Uma ama-chipmunks efakwa ekhejini elilodwa, bayohlala belwa bodwa. Ngokuhluleka kwezitshalo, ama-chipmunks ashiya izindawo zawo zokuphakela futhi afune ezintsha.

Ama-chipmunks anohlelo lwe-alamu oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi sengozi, bakhipha i-trill ebukhali noma ikhwela le-monosyllabic. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinsikazi zimemeza zithi "hook-hook".

Ukuzala ama-Chipmunks ase-Asia

Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izingane ezi-3 kuya kwezi-10 zizalwa kowesifazane. Ukukhulelwa kuhlala inyanga kuphela. AmaChipmunks anesisindo esingama-gramu ama-3-4, awaboni futhi awenqunu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, amabhendi abalingiswa avela emhlane wabo. Futhi ngenyanga yempilo, amehlo avulekile.

Ama-chipmunks amancane ahlala nonina izinyanga ezimbili. Ekwindla, inani labantu abasha lifinyelela iningi labantu abangama-chipmunks. Emvelweni, ama-chipmunks ase-Asia ahlala iminyaka engama-3-4, futhi athunjiwe isikhathi eside - iminyaka engaba ngu-5-10.

Habitat

AmaChipmun ayimfanelo yaseMelika kuphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona esikweni laseMelika lamakhathuni nama-movie lapho lezi zilwane zingabalingiswa abaphambili. Zijwayelekile kwizikhala zaseNyakatho Melika (lapho kunezinhlobo ezingama-25 ezahlukahlukene zama-chipmunks), kanye ne-Eurasia - ukuvela kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uzulazula emahlathini aseSiberia, lapho-ke kusekhona ithuba lokubona ama-chipmunks amaningi ase-Asia, ngoba zinabantu abaningi kwezinye izindawo.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ama-chipmunks ase-Asia angena emahlathini esifunda se-taiga. Zitholakala kuyo yonke i-taiga - ukusuka engxenyeni eseYurophu yezwe kuya eMpumalanga Ekude. Abanye bazithola sebeseKamchatka, yize benamanani amancane.

Ukuqonda lapho ama-chipmunks ahlala khona kulula kakhulu ezitshalweni. Kuyadingeka ukugxila kukaphayini womsedari ne-elfin.

Inani lomuntu

I-chipmunk iyathanjiswa kalula futhi ingagcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. I-chipmunk yaseSiberia inenani elincane lokuhweba (isikhumba siyasetshenziswa). Engxenyeni esempumalanga yebanga, kulimaza izilimo zokusanhlamvu nezilimo zasengadini kwezinye izindawo. Kuyisithwali semvelo okungenani sezifo ezingama-8 zemvelo ezigxile (i-encephalitis ebekwa umkhaza, i-rickettsiosis, i-toxoplasmosis, njll.).

Lezi ezifuywayo exotic azikhathaleli ekunakekelweni kanye nokugcinwa. Bahlukile kwamanye amagundane asekhaya ngoba akukho phunga elibi kubo, ngokwesibonelo, kumagundane angalungisiwe noma hamsters. Lokhu, kunjalo, kusiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwabo. Bajwayela ukudingiswa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Uma usenquma ukuzenza isilwane esinjalo, kuzofanela ukuthi umenzele zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokumenza azizwe ekhululekile futhi ephephile. Okokuqala udinga ukuthenga iseli elifanele. AmaChipmunks (ikhaya) ayathanda ukugijima, ngakho-ke adinga ikheji losayizi obalulekile - acishe abe ngu-100 × 50 × 60 cm. Kufanele abe yinsimbi futhi abe nezingxenye eziningi. Kunconywa futhi ukubeka isondo lokugijima nendlu lapho i-chipmunk izolala khona. Qinisekisa ukubeka amagatsha kanye ne-driftwood emgedeni. Udoti unconywa ukuba wenziwe nge-sawdust, kepha nawo ungenziwa nge-hay noma nge-peat. Ngezikhathi ezithile, indlu idinga ukuhlanzwa esitokisini, ungalahli konke ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba i-chipmunk ingacasulwa kakhulu.

Ukuzithoba kokuqukethwe kwesilwane

Akunconyelwe ukukhipha ngokushesha i-chipmunk ekhejini, okokuqala isilwane kufanele isijwayele, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa ungayijwayela ukuhambahamba efulethini. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphezulu ngenhla, kungaphansi kokubhekwa ngokucophelela. Njengoba isilwane sisebenza kuphela phakathi nosuku, ebusuku ngeke sikukhathaze. Ama-chipmunks awazifihli ekhaya; avele abe ngamavila futhi angasebenzi kancane ngesikhathi sasebusika. Okwamanje, lesi silwane akufanele neze siphazamiswe noma sethuke, ngenxa yalokho kungaba nolaka. Sesikushilo ukuthi i-chipmunk yase-Asia isheshe isijwayele umuntu, uqala ukuthatha ukudla ezandleni zakhe isikhathi, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukusilawula ngokushesha isilwane sakho, sebenzisa ukudla kwalokhu.

Okuningi ngokubalulekile

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isilwane (i-chipmunk) asikuthandi ukushisa okukhulu, endle kusentwasahlobo kuphela, lapho kusapholile, kungakhuphula ilanga. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kudalwe izindawo ezikhethekile zobumnyama emakhejini ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukucasha uma sifisa. Entwasahlobo, kuyinto efiselekayo ngisho nasekhaya ukuhlinzeka ngamagundane ithuba lokubhaca elangeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ukubamba i-chipmunk ngomsila akunakwenzeka ngokwezigaba, ngoba isikhumba sincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni, okuzoholela ekutheni umsila unqunywe. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma ungamniki isilwane ukudla okuqinile, ngosizo azokugaya ngalo izimbumbulu zakhe, khona-ke zingakhula zize zifinyelele ezingeni lokuthi i-rodent ingafa nokufa.

Amaqiniso e-Chipmunks atholakalayo

1. Izakhamizi zaseSiberia, ezazilalele ama-chipmunks, ngasizathu simbe zithathe lezi zilwane zimemeza okuthile okufana ne "chipunkun" (njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uhlelo lomsindo we-chipmunks luthuthukisiwe impela), futhi kusukela lapha, eqinisweni, igama lahamba - i-chipmunk, okuyigama le-onomatopoeic lesilwane.
2. Emlonyeni we-chipmunk yase-Asia, kungatholakala amagremu angama-80 wamantongomane. Okusho ukuthi, baphatha kalula okuhlinzekwayo okulingana nesisindo sabo.

Inani lentengiso lalezi zilwane lincane.

Isimo senombolo

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kubhekwe isici esihlobene nosayizi wabantu balezi zilwane. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book:

• Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod,
• E-Tatarstan
• IRiphabhulikhi yaseChuvashia.

Lezi zindawo ezimelela umngcele osentshonalanga wendawo. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zindawo, inani lama-chipmunks lilinganiselwe. Ngokuhambisana nalokho, kunesidingo sokunakekela inani labantu.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo, ukudoba i-chipmunk yase-Asia kungabiza kakhulu futhi abaningi bazibophela ngokudoba lapho, ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa uboya besilwane, obungaba wusizo olukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukudoba i-chipmunk yase-Asia kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lezi zilwane zingadala ukulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo zasensimini nezokusanhlamvu kanye nokusabalalisa izifo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho inani labantu lifinyelela usayizi obalulekile, ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga zobubanzi.

Nezici zobukhona

AmaChipmunks ngamagundane angawomndeni we-squirrel. Bahlala ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, okuwukuphela kwento esetshenziswayo yiSiberia noma i-Asia, ehlala eChina naseYurophu. Esikhathini esiningi bahlala emahlathini akhanyayo, emiseleni yodaka noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kepha lapho bezwa ingozi, bangakwazi ukugibela isihlahla. I-chipmunk ithanda isizungu, ngakho-ke ekuthunjweni kubalulekile ukunikeza isilwane ngasinye ngendawo yaso yezinyoni. I-chipmunk yase-Asia ihlala, isithombe sakho ongasibona kulesi sihloko, endle iminyaka engaba ngu-3, ​​futhi uthunjiwe iminyaka engama-5-6, kepha kuye kwaba nezimo lapho lesi silwane saphila iminyaka eyi-10 ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokudla okufanele. Ebusika, zivame ukugcwala ubusika, kepha ziyehluka kwezinye izilwane ngoba zingavuka, ziphinde zigcwalise izimpahla bese zibuyela ebuthongweni.

Ukudla kweChipmunk

Le mpunga ayilandeli ekudleni. IChipmunk ekhaya isebenzisa cishe wonke amabele. Vele, ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda amantongomane (awukwazi ukumnika ama-alimondi!), Amakherishi, ojongilanga. Futhi ungamnika nemikhiqizo yobisi: ushizi wekhokho kanye nobisi. Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi i-chipmunk yase-Asia ayisiyo imifino ngokuphelele, kudingeka futhi anikele ngokudla kwezilwane, isibonelo, izinambuzane noma izibungu, kodwa ungazibuyisela ngenani elincane lenyama eluhlaza. Uzodla utshani obusha, izithelo, amajikijolo kanye nemifino ngenjabulo, kuphela izithelo zezithelo ezisawolintshi akufanele zondliwe njalo. Awukwazi ukunikeza amaplamu we-chipmunk, ngoba amathambo abo aqukethe into enjalo eyingozi esilwaneni.

Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abe sezinkomeni. Isilwane singaphonsa isitsha, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukufaka isitsha sokuphuza, noma kunalokho ezimbalwa. I-chipmunk idinga ukubeka ucezwana ukuze iludle, igaye izisusa zalo. Ngendlela, manje ungathenga ukudla okomile okhethekile cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo bese ukuguqula ngokudla okujwayelekile, okuguqula ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo.

Isiphetho

I-chipmunk yase-Eshiya (noma yaseSiberia) ifakwa muva nje, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele ukuluma kwayo. Noma isilwane sesivele sisetshenziselwe umnikazi waso, singakwazi ukuluma, okuyinto engikholwa ukuthi, asimnandi kakhulu. Uma usanquma ukuzenza isilwane esinjalo, khona-ke landela ngokucophelela yonke imininingwane engenhla. Uma isilwane sinikezwa ngokudla okulungile nezimo ezifanele zokuphila, sizophila isikhathi eside futhi sizokujabulisa wena nomndeni wakho.

I-oda - Ama-Rodents / i-Suborder - I-squirrel / Umndeni - Isigcawu

I-chipmunk yase-Eshiya noma yaseSiberia (isiLatini Tamias sibiricus) isilwane esinyanyisayo sohlobo lwe-chipmunk lomndeni wama-squirrel. Ukuphela kwezinhlobo zama-chipmunks ahlala e-Eurasia (ezinye zitholakala eNyakatho Melika). Kuvame ukwahlukaniswa kuhlobo oluhlukile - i-Eutamias.

I-chipmunk yaseSiberia isasazeke esifundeni se-taiga sase-Eurasia: ukusuka enyakatho-empumalanga yengxenye ye-Russia yaseRussia kuya e-Far East (ngaphandle kweKamchatka), iNyakatho neMongolia, iziqhingi zaseSakhalin naseHokkaido. Iningi kakhulu emahlathini emisedari-anesiqu wePrimorsky Territory, lapho ama-chipmunks angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 angahlala khona 1 km2 ngeminyaka evumayo.

IChipmunk encane (incane kune-squirrel ejwayelekile), isilwane esithambile esinomzimba ophakeme nomsila omude, omfushane. Ubude bomzimba ongu-12-17 cm, umsila ongu-7-12 cm, isisindo esingu-80-111 g.Imilenze imfishane kunama-squirrels, imilenze yangemuva yinde kunangaphambili. Izinyawo zimbozwe kancane izinwele.

Umbala we-visualgated: emhlane uma uphikisana nesendlalelo esimpunga noma esinsundu ibanga le-5 imicu emide emide ehlukaniswe ukukhanya. Isisu simhlophe. Umsila ungwevu ngaphezulu futhi ukugqwala ngezansi. I-hairline imfushane, inomgogodla olubi, umbala awushintshi ngesizini. IChipmunk sheds kanye ngonyaka, ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Izindlebe zincanyana, zibubende kancane, ngaphandle kwamabhulashi wokugcina. Kunamaphakeji esihlathini athuthukisiwe.

Isikhathi sokuzala sama-chipmunks siba ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, ngemuva kokuvuka kusuka ku-hibernation. Ama-Cuba azalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - Juni ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Isisindo samawundlu ngu-3-4 g, azalwa enqunu futhi eyimpumputhe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imivimbo emnyama ivela emhlane wabo. Amehlo avuleka izinsuku ezingama-31. Bahlala nonina izinyanga ezi-2. Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka engama-2-3 emvelweni, ekuthunjweni - iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.

Idla ngembewu, amakhowe namajikijolo. Imvamisa idla izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, izinambuzane, iminenke.

Isebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, kepha futhi ntambama, ihlala ivame kakhulu emhlabathini, endaweni evunguza umoya, izinqwaba zamatshe, yize igibela izihlahla kahle. Umuntu uvame cishe ukuthi angangesabi, futhi uma edla i-chipmunk, ngokushesha uthola ukungabi nalutho ngokuphelele.

Chipmunks ukumba izimbobo. Imbobo ye-chipmunk ihlala itholakala emgodini owomile, imvamisa kuhlobo oluthile lokukhosela: ngaphansi kwezimpande, emadwaleni noma esihlahleni. Ukusuka ekungeneni, kuhamba ngokungabonakali ngaphakathi, khona-ke izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ziphendukela ohlangothini bese ziphela ngekhamera enesidleke esiyindilinga. Emiseleni, lapho izilwane zifihla khona futhi zizalela inzalo, kusekhona amakamelo angama-1-2 anezindawo zokugcina ukudla kanye nama-snorkels angama-1-3 (amafushane amafushane) - amakamelo wokubeletha. Umqobelo ubude buba ngu-0.6-4 m ubude, amakamelo anobubanzi obungama-20-35 cm atholakala ekujuleni kwama-40-150 cm. Ehlobo, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala ezigodini. Ama-chipmunks awesabi ukususa amakhulu amamitha ukusuka kwizimbobo zawo.

Zigcwele ubusika, kepha zivuka zivame ukudla ezitolo eziqinile ezenziwe ekwindla (kufika ku-10 kg). I-hibernation yasebusika ihlala ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli.

I-alamu ye-chipmunk ingxoxo exokozela kakhulu, ngaphambi kwalokho kuzwakale umsindo onamandla wokubhebhana ngezinye izikhathi. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi ama-chipmunks angakwazi ukumemeza ngokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu. Kepha imvamisa izikhalo zabo ezethusayo ziyezwakala noma ngabe kucacile ngaphandle kwabo ukuthi yindaba yemvula - amafu amboze ilanga, bese kuba mnyama mnyama.

Ukushintshashintsha kwesikhathi eside kwenombolo ye-chipmunk akubonwanga. Abazingeli abaningi kanye nabahlali bendawo ye-taiga Village babike ukuthi abaluboni ushintsho ngenani lama-chipmunks eminyakeni edlule. Isibonelo, eYakutia, inani lama-chipmunks ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene iminyaka eminingana lahlala linjalo (kusuka ezilwaneni ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-5.3 ngekhilomitha eli-10 yomzila).

I-chipmunk yaseSiberia nendoda

I-chipmunk yaseSiberia inenani elincane lokuhweba (isikhumba siyasetshenziswa). Engxenyeni esempumalanga yebanga, kulimaza izilimo zokusanhlamvu nezilimo zasengadini kwezinye izindawo. Kuyisithwali semvelo okungenani sezifo ezingama-8 zemvelo ezigxile (i-encephalitis ebekwa umkhaza, i-rickettsiosis, i-toxoplasmosis, njll.).

I-Chipmunk ithathelwa kalula futhi ingagcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo.

) Kuvame ukwahlukaniswa kuhlobo oluhlukile - Ama-Eutamias .

UTamias sibiricus I-Laxmann

Ukubukeka

IChipmunk encane (incane kune-squirrel evamile), isilwane esithambile esinomzimba ophakeme. Ubude bomzimba bungu-12-17 cm, umsila ungama-7-12 cm, isisindo singama-80-130 g.Izinyawo ziyimfushane kunama-squirrels, imilenze yangemuva mide kuneyangaphambili. Izinyawo zimbozwe kancane izinwele.

Umbala we-visualgated: emhlane uma uphikisana nesendlalelo esimpunga noma esinsundu ibanga le-5 imicu emide emide ehlukaniswe ukukhanya. Isisu simhlophe. Umsila grey ngaphezulu, ukugqwala ngezansi. I-hairline imfushane, inomgogodla olubi, umbala awushintshi ngesizini. IChipmunk sheds kanye ngonyaka, ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Izindlebe zincanyana, zibubende kancane, ngaphandle kwamabhulashi wokugcina. Kunamaphakeji esihlathini athuthukisiwe.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-chipmunk yase-Asia isasazeke esifundeni se-taiga sase-Eurasia: ukusuka enyakatho-empumalanga yengxenye ye-Russia yaseRussia kuya eMpumalanga Ekude (kufaka phakathi isifunda saseMagadan), iNyakatho neMongolia, iziqhingi zaseSakhalin naseHokkaido. Itholakala eSouth Kuril Islands, engxenyeni esezintabeni esifundeni i-East Kazakhstan. Ebhondweni le-Anadyr, ububanzi bufinyelela endaweni ye-tundra. Kubhekiselwa ohlotsheni lokuzihlakaza, lusebenza ngempumelelo. Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70-80. I-XX century ibingekho eKamchatka, yaqoshwa ngqo emaphethelweni ezigodini zemifula yePalana ne-Elovka ngonyaka we-1983, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeKamchatka Territory ihlala njalo ezigodini zemifula ye-Vyvenka, Apuk nePenzhina, nokho kuyaqabukela lapha. Ngo-2007, sezinze iKenozero National Park. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yensimu yaseYurophu yaseRussia, i-chipmunk iyonke iya kancane kancane iya entshonalanga. Izindawo zayo ezingayodwa sele ziphawuliwe entshonalanga nesifunda saseMoscow esifundeni iLake District. Ekujuleni nasePorech. Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo lwama-molecule wama-molecical kanye nokufana kwangaphandle, amaChipmunks aseduze naseMoscow ndiwo asondele kakhulu olwandle. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ososayensi benza umcabango wokuthi ama-chipmunks abanjwe ePrimorsky Territory akhishwe ngengozi endle lapha.

ENyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia, uhla lwe-chipmunk yaseSiberia luyaqhutshwa ngabasunguli bayo - i-Yakut chipmunk Tamias sibiricus jacutensis Ognev, engene esiGodini saseParapol ukuya eNhlonhlo yeKamchatka ngawo-1980.

IChipmunk iliningi ikakhulukazi emahlathini emisedari acwebile ePrimorsky Krai, lapho ama-chipmunks angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 angahlala khona 1 km² ngeminyaka evumayo.

Heraldry

Isilwane esingajwayelekile samakhambi, asikuso ngokwezimpawu zaso ezibukwayo nophawu lwaso empeleni asifani neqwele. Zombili lezi zimpawu zibonakala ngokuba khona komsila omuhle kakhulu futhi nokwazi kwangaphambili okufushane. Isici esithile salesi sibalo imivimbo emide ngemuva, okukhonjiswa mnyama. Phakathi kwezifanekiselo zesifunda saseSverdlovsk, kutholakala chipmunk komasipala ababili abangomakhelwane. I-“chipmunk prancing yegolide enomsila oweluliwe” ifanekiswa engxenyeni engokwesifunda yedolobha laseKrasnoturinsk njengesifanekiselo sokamisa abantu abazibiza ngawo. "I-chipmunk yegolide enamehlo amnyama nemivimbo emhlane evelayo ithiphu ebomvu" ejokeni lezingalo zedolobha laseVolchansky ngokuyikho kubonakaliswa ukutjhisa kwamahlathi azungeze idolobha, nobuhlakani nokuhlanzeka kwezakhamuzi zakule ndawo.

Umsoco

Ukudla kweChipmunk yimbewu yezihlahla eziqhakazayo nezisusa amandla, amakhambi, izihlahlana, izithelo zasendle namajikijolo, ukuqhakaza kwezinye izihlahla nezinambuzane ezithile. Kwezinye izindawo, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, ama-chipmunks alimaza izilimo zezinhlamvu ezitshaliwe.

I-chipmunk ihlala izimbobo izimbela yona, ifihla kahle ukungena ngaphakathi kwezimpande zesihlahla noma ngaphansi kwesiqu somuthi owileyo. Umgodi awujulile futhi, ngaphezu kwendima eyinhloko kanye nezihlwitha ezimbalwa ezixakile, unegumbi lokudlela kanye ne-pantry. Isendlalelo se-spherical nesting sakhiwe ngotshani namaqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi chipmunk ibuye ihlele isidleke embobeni. Uchitha ubusika efihliwe, egcotshwe endlini yakhe ethokomele futhi efudumele.

Inani lezomnotho

Ngokuphathelene nabantu, ama-chipmunks awanangozi, ngoba ukulimala akubangela kwezinye izindawo izilimo akunakubaluleki futhi kumbozwe ngokuphelele inzuzo umuntu ayithola ekuzingeleni lesi silwane.

Ukuvakasha kwesithombe kwe-chipmunks eKazakhstan.

“Isikhathi siyofika lapho isintu siyobe sijabhile kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphefumulayo”

Izithombe ze-chipmunk yase-Asia eKazakhstan.

Ukusakazeka kweChipmunk yase-Asia.
IChipmunk isatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo, emahlathini ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, yize ibukeka kahle ukuthi ingatshala ngomsedari (okungenani ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwe-walnut).
Kukhuphuka ezintabeni kuya emngceleni ophezulu wehlathi, okungukuthi, kusuka kumamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezulu kolwandle enyakatho yesifunda kuya kumamitha angama-2200 kuya kwangama-2250 ngenhla kolwandle eningizimu. Kwesinye isikhathi kudlulela kancane ehlathini - lokhu kungabukwa kaningi eduze kwamasimu anezivuno noma ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, phakathi kwezihlahla zezihlahlana.
Ikhetha amahlathi angaxutshwe naluhlaza oluningi, obeka amatshe - kulezo zindawo izimo ezingcono zokuzivikela, izindawo zokugcina zemvelo ezengeziwe zezindawo zokuhlala noma zokukhosela ezivela ezidlaleni. Ukuqina kwabantu kumapheshana ahlukahlukene, kanye nangezinkathi zeminyaka, kuyahlukahluka kakhulu - kusuka ku-2 - 3 kuya ku-100 - 150, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abaningi ngokwedlulele nge-1 sq. Km. km
Iphupho lasebusika le-chipmunk lasebusika alijulile.
AmaChipmunks asebenzisa ubusika ema-mink nakwamanye amakhaya. Ukulala kwabo akujuli kangako njengama-gophers, ngokwesibonelo. Ngenkathi thaws, ezingavamile e-Altai, kwesinye isikhathi zivuka, zishiya izindawo zokuhlala, bese zondla ezitokisini zazo.
Isikhathi esiningi kwakudingeka ngibabone maphakathi nobusika, esimweni sezulu esineqhwa naseqhweni elinamandla - ngokungafani nesitatimende sikaG. D. Dulkeit ukuthi ". azikho iziqubu zeqhwa kulezi zindawo (e-Altai) ebusika ”(1964, k. 122). Yisiphi isizathu sokuziphatha kwabo kwe-typical, kunzima ukusho, mhlawumbe ngokushisa kwesimo sezulu okujwayelekile okubonwe lapha kumashumi eminyaka amuva, ngokuntuleka kokudla, ukukhathazeka okuvela kwabazingeli?
"Imodi Yonyaka" chipmunk yase-Asia.
Enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Altai, izilwane zibahle phakathi no-Okthoba, ekwindla efudumele - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Baphuma entwasahlobo kaningi engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi, ngezikhathi ezithile eshumini sokuqala salenyanga. Izindawo zokukhosela zeChipmunks zivame ukutholakala emhlabathini. Lezi yizimbobo, imivimbo phakathi kwamatshe kanye nasezimpandeni zezihlahla, emifantwini emadwaleni, ngokuvamisile enza izidleke eziqongweni zezihlahla zomoya.
Imisele yobumba ivame ukungashoni - isuka ku-0, 5 kuye ku-1, 0 m. Ibekwe ngaphansi kwezimpande noma eduze kwayo, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile ivikele abanikazi bayo emabhere, inentshisekelo kakhulu kumantongomane akhethiwe, ahlanzekile, avunwa yi-chipmunks ebusika. Emgodini kuvame ukuba namagumbi amabili - isidleke nokugcina isitoko. Inlet yasebusika ivala nge plug yobumba.
Ngemuva nje kokushiya umgodi, ama-chipmunks aqala umjaho, phakathi kwawo abesilisa bavame ukulwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazimisele kakhulu ukukhohlisa, okuyilokho abazingeli ababekwenza. Abancane bazalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-28- 30. Kukholakala ukuthi insikazi phakathi nonyaka iletha udoti owodwa lapho isuka emaqandeni amabili kuya kwayi-10. Ngokwindla, abantu abasha bafinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala futhi baqale impilo yokuzimela.
Izidwaba ze-chipmunk yase-Asia.
E-pantries yazo, ama-chipmunks athela kokuphakelayo okufanayo akondla ngakho ehlobo. Imvamisa lezi yizimbewu ze-coniferous, ngokuyinhloko umsedari, lapho ukhona. Isitoko se-walnut singafinyelela ku-5 - 6 kg.
Lapho kungekho msedari, izilwane zigcina imbewu yefir, i-larch, i-spruce, i-birch, izihlahla zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana, imbewu yeminye amakhambi, amajikijolo. Uma kunamasimu anezivuno zokusanhlamvu eduzane, khona-ke azimisele ukuzondla kuwo futhi aqoqe ukolweni, uphizi, i-oats, i-rye, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, adla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ngezikhathi ezithile nezigwaca. Kusukela kuhlu olungenhla kuyacaca ukuthi ama-chipmunks asebenzisa isethi enkulu yamafidi.
Ezihlathini bayazithwala bethwelwe ezihlathini. Akukho ukuthutha kwesisindo esikhulu okwabonwa e-Altai, yize izinguquko ezincane kwesinye isikhathi zazibhekwa ngobude kanye nenani lezilwane ezibamba iqhaza kuzo. Kungenzeka ukuthi zixhumene nokwakhiwa kabusha kokukhula kwentsha, njengoba uG. D. Dulkate (1964) ekholwa, futhi mhlawumbe nokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwesilimo se-walnut emahlathini kaphayini. Amantongomane omsedari angukudla okuthandwa yilezi zilwane.
IzithaI-Chipmunk
Izifo zeChipmunks e-Altai azicwaningwanga. Isilwane esincane sinezitha eziningi. Lesi yisisulu sabaningi bezilwane ezinamaphiko - izinyosi, izikhova - ezinkulu nezincane, cishe zonke izilwane ezidla - kusukela ibhere kuye emhlolweni. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, okuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokuba ama-chipmunks angcwatshwa, amabhere enza umonakalo omkhulu kuwo emapheshaneni amaningi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuna Izigaxa zemisedari zikuyo yonke indawo emahlathini omsedari, amabhere ngenkani, aqhubeka nokusesha, ezimweni eziningi athola futhi aphange ngempumelelo amasheya ama-chipmunks. Ngokusobala, ukubamba umsoco ohlanzekile, okhethiwe kusuka ekudleni kwesilwane ngomhlathi wonke kukhange kakhulu kunokukhetha ngolimi olude kusuka kwisigaxa esiqinile, esiqinile.
Uklebhula izindimbane, amabhere kuvame ukuluma ngokusebenzisa aminyene, aze afike ku-12 - 15 cm ubukhulu, izimpande, aqukethe amatshe asindayo. Imigodi ye-Bear kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ku-80 - 100 cm ukujula, kwesinye isikhathi imijondolo yonke ifinyelela ku-7 - 8 m ubude kanye nama-50 - 60 cm ukujula. Ezindaweni lapho kunama-chipmunks amaningi namabhere, u-10-15. , nezimbobo ezivulekile kakhulu.
Kulokhu, amabhere kwesinye isikhathi adla umnikazi, uma ebengenaso isikhathi sokuphunyuka ngesikhathi. AmaChipmunks asinda ngemuva kokuhambela kwe- “master of the taiga” entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sendlala, lapho kuseneqhwa e-taiga, abhekene nezinkinga ekutholeni ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushesha kufika isikhathi sokuzalela, lapho kufanele usebenzise amandla amaningi. Imvamisa, izilwane ziyafa ezimeni ezinjalo ngenxa yokukhathala. Lapho i-nati ingaqhamuki, iBears ayinasithakazelo esitokisini sama-chipmunks.
UkudobaI-Chipmunk
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, izikhumba ze-chipmunk zazihlinzekwa njalo ezitokisini. Noma intengo ephansi kakhulu (kuphela ama-kopecks ambalwa), abantu abaningi bendawo babandakanyeka ekukhishweni kwalezi zilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababambiqhaza abaphambili ekudobeni ezimeni eziningi kwakungezingane, ngisho nabesifazane. Ikakhulu izilwane eziningi zabanjwa entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho abesilisa bekhuthele. Njengomthetho, kwakusetshenziswa izindlela zokuzingela ezingenazikhali - izihibe kwizigxobo ezingatheni (kaningi izinduku), izigaxa, iminsalo.
Izikhumba eziningi, eziphezulu ezingama-278 000 (1935), zathengwa engxenyeni yesibili yama-30s. eyedlule. Kamuva, umsebenzi wokusebenza ngokuhamba kancane kodwa ngokuqinile wehla ngokuphela kweminyaka yama-80s. amile. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje, i-chipmunk isilahlile ngokuphelele isimo sezinhlobo zezentengiselwano.
Ukulimala kusukaI-Chipmunk
AmaChipmunks ahlala eduze kwamasimu anezivuno zokusanhlamvu noma eduze kwama-nursery ehlathi adala umonakalo obonakalayo ngokudla, ukukhipha okusanhlamvu, ukulimaza izithombo. Amantongomane ephayinaphu, i-chipmunk, kanye nezinye izilwane nezinyoni ze-taiga, kusheshiswa ukuphangwa kwesilimo. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi lezi zilwane zithwala ama-ejenti we-causative agents we-tularemia ne-tick-borne encephalitis.
Ama-squirrel amancane ase-Asia chipmunk.
IChipmunk iyisilwane esincane esincane esingacishe sibe yingxenye, isilwanyane, isilwanyana esinemizimba emnyama. Ubude bomzimba 130 - 160 mm, umsila omncane - 80 - 100 mm. Isisindo 60 - 100 g, ngokwesilinganiso ama-83. Izindlebe zimfushane, ziyindilinga, izinwele zimfushane, umbala ojwayelekile uphuzi-zibomvu grey.
Ngaphesheya emuva, kuthwebule ikhanda ngaphambili, kunemivimbo emihlanu ecwebezelayo, ecishe ibe mnyama ehlukaniswe amasimu amancanyana amhlophe aphuzi. Imivimbo emnyama inika isilwane ukubukeka okungafani neze. Ngokuphathelene nokuvela kombala wokuqala wesikhumba leso, waba ngumntwana lapho efunda khona izinganekwane ezikhunjulwa abanye abantu basenyakatho. Ngizoyiphinda.
Umbala we-taleI-Chipmunk
IChipmunk nebhere kwakukade kunomusa, zihlala zihlanganyela noma yisiphi isiphiwo. Ngesinye isikhathi, ibhere lalibonakala, noma empeleni i-chipmunk izamile ukukopela kuye, kodwa kuphela ayethukuthele kakhulu. IChipmunk ibonile ukuthi izinto zingaphetha kabi, bese zigijima zigijime. UMisha wambamba ngesihlakala sakhe esinezimpaphe, kepha waphunyuka, emhlane wakhe kwakunezihlakala zamabhere ayi-5.
Izinto eziphatheleneI-chipmunk yase-Asia kancane.
Olimini lwesiRussia, isilwane sinegama elilodwa - i-chipmunk, i-Altai siyibiza nge-koruk. Kukhona izinto ezimbalwa zokubhala kwi-biology yale nhlobo esifundeni. Lezi yizindatshana ezincane ezabhalwa nguP. B. Jurgenson noG. D. Dulkeit, nababheka okwenzeka e-Altai Reserve.
Eminye imininingwane inikezwe ekushicilelweni kukaB. S. Yudin et al. Ngaphezu kwakho konke eningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia V.I. Telegin yayiqhutshwa chipmunk. Le ndatshana yalungiswa ngesisekelo sokushicilelwa okufakwe kuhlu, ukubonwa kombhali, izinto zokugcina umlando, kanye nezinhlolovo zabahlali bendawo.
I-chipmunk yase-Asia ayesabi umuntu.
Lapho uvakashela amapheshana amaningi e-Altai asezintabeni, imvamisa kakhulu evela ezincelisayo ungayibona kahle i-chipmunk (kwezinye izindawo futhi ne-pika). Isilwane esisebenzayo, esinqikayo, esingesabi, “esidwetshiwe” ngokukhanyayo, uma uziphatha buthule, ngenhlonipho, futhi ungenzi ukunyakaza ngokuzumayo, singahamba ngebhizinisi lakhe sisondele kakhulu kumuntu. Uzogijima kahle, ebheka emakhoneni ahlukahlukene efuna ukudla, ukugibela - imvamisa ephansi - ezihlahleni. Uma kunokudla, ngokwesibonelo nati, ubeka amasaka esihlathini bese abaleka naye emgodini.
IkhwelaI-Chipmunk - i-alamu? Njengama-pikas, ama-chipmunks anikeza i-alamu lapho isengozini - ikhwela elikhulu noma elibukhali, elivame ukuzwakala ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinesinye isignali yomsindo, engafani ngokuphelele nekhwela - into enjenge- “gurgling”.
I-chipmunk harbinger yemvula yase-Asia.
Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi "ukukhala" okunjalo kwe-chipmunk kuyisimo semvula noma ezinye izinkinga zesimo sezulu. Abanye abacwaningi babhale ngalesi sici sokuziphatha kwe-chipmunks. Ukuqashelwa okwenziwe isikhathi eside nakho kukhombisa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, yize kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngemuva kwezimpawu ezinjalo ze-chipmunk kuzoba nokuna kwezulu noma esinye isimo sezulu esibi.

uhlobo oluthile lokubuyekezwa "oluncane" ... njengokungathi ngokushesha endaweni ethile

Ama-Chipmunks athakazelisayo

• Igama "chipmunk" lithi onomatopoeic, livela kumaTatar "chipunbu-ryu-burun", abahlali baseSiberia bakholelwa ukuthi yile ndlela chipmunks ememeza ngayo ngaphambi kwemvula,

• Lezi zilwane zingathwala imali ezihlathini zazo, ngesikhathi emilonyeni yazo kuze kufinyelele amagremu ama-80 wamantongomane wepayini.

Le chipmunk inenani elincane lokudoba.

Ukubaluleka Kwama-Chipmunks ase-Asia Kubantu

Ama-chipmunks ase-Asia abaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso. Abantu basebenzisa izikhumba zabo.

Engxenyeni esempumalanga yebanga, ama-chipmunks angalimaza izilimo zokusanhlamvu futhi adle izilimo zasengadini. Ama-chipmunks angabathwali bezifo ezi-8 okungenani ezigxile, ngokwesibonelo, i-toxoplasmosis kanye ne-tephalitis enamaqhinga.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Kucashunwe ku-Chipmunk yase-Asia

UPierre, selokhu anyamalala ekhaya, wayevele ehleli ngosuku lwesibili efulethini elingenalutho leBazdeev. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.
Njengoba ayebhale ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokubuyela kwakhe eMoscow futhi wahlangana noCount Rastopchin, uPierre isikhathi eside akazange aqonde ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi bafuna ini kuye. Lapho, phakathi kwamagama abanye abantu ababemlindile lapho besamukela, bamtshele ukuthi umFulentshi ubemlindile, njengoba eselethe incwadi evela ku-Countess Elena Vasilievna, ngokushesha uthole lowo muzwa wokudideka nokuphelelwa yithemba akwazi ukunikezela kuye. Kwavele kwabonakala kuye ukuthi konke sekuphelile, yonke into ihlanganisiwe, yonke into ichithwe, akukho okulungile noma iphutha, ukuthi bekungeke kube khona okuphambi phambili nokuthi akukho ndlela yokuphuma kulesi simo. Wamamatheka ngokungagudluki futhi wathulisa okuthile, wabe esehlala kusofa endaweni engenakusizwa, wabe esukuma, wakhuphuka waya emnyango wabheka phakathi kwecala elisegunjini lokwamukela abesemuva kwalokho, waphakamisa izingalo zakhe, wabuya, ngathatha incwadi. UButler ngesinye isikhathi weza wabikela uPierre ukuthi lo mfowethu, owayeyilethe incwadi evela e-repessess, wayezimisele kakhulu ukumbona isikhashana, nokuthi babevela kumfelokazi wase-IA. UBazdeev ukuthatha lezi zincwadi, ngoba uNkk. Bazdeeva ngokwakhe wayehambile waya edolobhaneni.
"Ah, yebo, manje, linda ... Noma cha ... cha, hamba ungitshele ukuthi ngiyeza," kusho uPierre etshela umgibeli.
Kodwa kwathi nje lapho sekuphuma umphathisishayo, uPierre wathatha isigqoko esasilele etafuleni waphumela emnyango ongasemuva wesifundo.Kwakungekho muntu ephaseji. UPierre wahamba lonke ubude bepaseji waya ezitebhisini, futhi, esonga futhi ehlikihla umphambili wakhe ngezandla zombili, wehlela epulatifomu yokuqala. Umakoti wayemi emnyango ongaphambili. Ukusuka endaweni yesikhulumi okwakwehlela kuyo uPierre, esinye isitebhisi siholele emuva. UPierre wamlandela futhi wayongena egcekeni. Akekho owambona. Kepha emgaqweni, lapho nje ezophuma ngesango, umqeqeshi, owayemi nezisebenzi, nomphathi wabona umphathi wakhe wasusa izigqoko zakhe phambi kwakhe. Azizwe esezibheke ngamehlo, uPierre wenza sengathi yinyosi, efihla ikhanda lakhe esihlahleni ukuze ingabonakali, wehlise ikhanda, kwathi ngesinyathelo, wehla ngomgwaqo.
Kuwo wonke amacala ngaphambi kukaPierre namhlanje ekuseni, ukuqedwa kwezincwadi namaphepha okwenziwa uJoseph Alekseevich kuye kwabonakala kuye njengokubaluleke kakhulu.
Wathatha umphathi wekhabethe wokuqala weza kuye wamyalela ukuthi aye emaPhondweni wePatriarch, lapho kwakukhona khona indlu yomfelokazi waseBazdeev.
UPierre, ebheka njalo izinqola ezigudlukayo ezisuka eMoscow futhi zilulama nomzimba wakhe onamafutha, ukuze zingasuki ekuqhaqhazeni amadala, uPierre, enomuzwa ojabulayo ofana nowomfana owayebaleke esikoleni, wakhuluma nomphathi wezincwadi.
Umphathi-mnyango umtshele ukuthi namuhla izikhali ziyahlanganiswa eKremlin, nokuthi kusasa abantu bazoxoshelwa i-Mountain-Mountain Outpost, nokuthi kuzoba nempi enkulu.
Ukufika emaPondwini kaMondli, uPierre uthole indlu kaBazdeev, okwakungekho kuyo isikhathi eside. Waya esangweni. UGerasim, ixhegu elifanayo eliphuzi elinentshebe uPierre ambona eminyakeni emihlanu edlule eTorzhok enoJoseph Alekseevich, wafika wangqongqoza.
- Ekhaya? Kubuza uPierre.
- Ngokwezimo zamanje, uSofya Danilovna nezingane ezishiyelwe emzaneni waseTorzhok, uMhlonishwa Wakho.

Mayelana p futhi nge futhi futhi r futhi znak cishe ngaphakathi. Isilwane esincanyana esinomsila omude we-fluffy. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-130 kuye ku-170 mm, umsila - kusuka ku-90 kuye ku-130 mm (njalo kakhulu ngaphezu kwengxenye yobude bomzimba), unesisindo esifinyelela kuma-g g. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa. Izingalo ezisemuva zinde kunangaphambili. Izinyawo zimbozwe kancane izinwele. Izindlebe zincanyana, zibubende kancane, ngaphandle koshizi. Kukhona izihlakala esihlathini. Umsila onokubizwa kancane ngokuthi "ikamu". Uboya bufushane, bube ne-awn ebuthakathaka; ubusika buhluka kancane ehlobo. Umbala waphezulu ungwephuzi onsundu, emuva kukhona imivimbo emi-5 emnyama, imvamisa ihlukaniswe (phakathi) noma kungagcini (kamuva) ngezindawo ezinombala olula kunephimbo eliphambili. Isikhumba esimhlophe nesesisu simhlophe qwa.Akukho mehluko omkhulu ngombala webusika nobusika ehlobo, kepha iphethini elimnyama ku-ebusika bobuvama lingahlukanga kangako.

Isigaxa esinobukhulu obude obuqhathanisiwe, nobude obucashile futhi obuthambile bucwebe ngaphezulu, okunama-carets akhula kahle e-parietal kanye ne-lambdoid ephansi. Indawo ye-occipital icishe ibe yizingxenye zezindiza nesifunda sangaphambi kwekhanda. Izinqubo ze-infraorbital mncane futhi mncane. I-infraorbital foramen iyindilinga, ububanzi bayo obu mpo buvamisile buphakeme kancane kunaphezulu, i-tubercle ye-tendon yemisipha ye-masticatory ingaphansi komphetho wayo ophansi. Ngokungafani nawo wonke amanye ama-squirrel wezilwane zethu, umsele we-infraorbital awukho.

N o tin g. Amathrekhi weChipmunk afana kakhulu namathrekhi we-squirrel, kodwa mancane kakhulu kunawo. Isilo sihamba ngokungajwayelekile, kuyilapho imilenze yangemuva enkulu icishe ifakwe, njenge squirrel, phambi kwemilenze emincane yangaphambili. Ubukhulu bokuphrinta bonyawo lwangaphambili buyi-1.8 x 1.9, ingemuva elingama-3.5 x 2.5 cm. Lapho begxuma, i-chipmunk isakaza iminwe yayo emilenzeni yangaphambili nangasemuva. Ubude be-jumps busuka ku-29 kuya ku-51 cm, ububanzi bethrekhi buba ngamasentimitha ayi-6.5. Eqhweni elinamandla, i-chipmunk igxuma ngomaki ngisho nophawu olungu-2, ngoba iminxa yemilenze yangemuva ingemuva lezinyawo zangaphambili. Futhi njengoba amaphrinta eshibilika eqhweni elixegayo, amathrekhi aba njengophawu olungamaphikisanyana omhlaseli omncane (i-ermine nemashi kasawoti, engahlangani nakhona e-Evenkia).

Ngaphezu kokulandela kwama-paws, ukuba khona kwe-chipmunk kuzokhonjiswa ngodoti oshiywe emithonjeni nakwezinye izindawo. Lawa okusanhlamvu okudala oyindilinga, okufana nokwakheka kuwo amajikijolo e-barberry, elele ngezinqwaba ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola okusele kokudla - Izigaxa ezincane zeConifers ezihlotshwe yi-chipmunk (ifana nezigaxa ezinqunywe ngama-squirrels), amantongomane we-hazel kanye nomsedari.

Ukubhebhetheka. Imingcele yobubanzi eRussia muhle kakhulu ngokuhambisana nomngcele wamahlathi e-larch eSiberia kanye nobubanzi befir engxenyeni yaseYurophu. Ngasentshonalanga - kuya osebeni lwesobunxele lweNyakatho Dvina neKostroma Volga, okuyibhange lesokunxele le-Kama. Empumalanga - kuya eSrednekolymsk nakuMetroos Leskyky, cishe. ISakhalin, iziqhingi eziseningizimu yeRuril ridge, isanda kungenela iKamchatka. Umngcele oseningizimu ulandela cishe ngokusebenzisa iSverdlovsk, iTyumen, Ichibi. IChany, iNovosibirsk nangale kwayo, emboza i-Altai ukusuka entshonalanga, idlulela ngale kwemingcele yezwe lethu.

Ngaphandle kweRussia, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo ifaka iNyakatho neNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido).

Ezingxenyeni ezi-5 ezikhonjwe ngaphakathi kuleliya lizwe, iNetkia kungenzeka ukuthi ihlalweTamiassibiricusstriatus kanye / nomaTamiassibiricus jacutensis.

I-Biotop. Ethafeni, kukhulu kakhulu emahlathini ama-coniferous amnyama nezinto eziphuma kuwo, kanye nasehlathini elixubile, ikakhulukazi ngokuhluma okugcwele okuvela emahlathini amabhele futhi kunenqwaba yezindawo ezivunguza umoya. Ezintabeni, emithambekeni yezinkuni zemisedari e-larch-umsedari kanye namahlathi axubile ne-spruce, inyukela emngceleni wehlathi ongaphezulu, kanti empumalanga ibuye ihlale ibhande lomsedari eceleni kwesihlahla samatshe, ngokuvamile kuhlangene ne-alpine pika. Emngceleni osenyakatho wezitshalo zamahlathi, ufika ezindaweni emahlathini ayisigwegwe, futhi emngceleni oseningizimu, uhlala emahlathini esiqhingi ahlangene. Gwema amaxhaphozi, kanye namahlathi ahlanzekile ohlobo lwe- "park" kanye nezikhonkwane eziqinile, ikakhulukazi ngesembozo sotshani obukhulu.

Futhi n futhi ngaphakathi n ku-u futhi u y futhi y h futhi ngo cishe. IChipmunk isilwane esingaxazululeki. Njengamaprotheni, iphila impilo eyedwa. Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso yokuhlala ukusuka kumahektha ayi-1 kuye kwangama-3. Owesilisa nowesifazane banamathela kuphela esikhathini esifushane sokufunda.

KHANGELA. Ngokushintsha kwezimo okuphakelayo, izilwane zihamba kwesinye isiteshi ziye kwesinye. Zisuka ehlathini ziye emasimini ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezilimo. Kulokhu, zingadala umonakalo ngokuvuna okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, i-buckwheat, njll. Ukufuduka kweningi okungajwayelekile okubangelwa ukwehluleka kokuphakelwa okuyinhloko, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, imbewu yomsedari, iyaziwa.

Ngikufisela inhlanhla. Ukuphila kuzimbobo, kwesinye isikhathi ehlobo kwenza isidleke kwizigaxa ezibolile, emigodini enamanzi aphansi nasemigodini yezihlahla eziwile. Emizweni ephakathi kwamatshe, izimbobo cishe azimbiwa, kepha izidleke zenziwa. Emiseleni ebusika kuvame ukuba namagumbi amabili ayindilinga. Ekamelweni eliphezulu, elisekujuleni kwama-48-90 cm, kuhlelwa isidleke lapho isilwane sicashe khona, bese insikazi ikhombisa inzalo. Ekamelweni elingaphansi (ekujuleni kuka-68-130 cm) kunendawo yokubopha. Imisele yasehlobo iqukethe ikamelo elilodwa elisekujuleni kwama-54-68 cm futhi elixhunywe ebusweni yinkambo ethambekele. Ubude obukhulu bokuhamba kwama-chipmunks 'ku-Amur-Zeya interfluve yi-3 m42 cm.

Futhi kuya nangaphakathi nge t. Kuholela empilweni yansuku zonke. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, i-chipmunk ishiya isidleke okwesikhashana, bese kuphela ngezinsuku elangeni. Ehlobo uvuka ekuseni kuze kuhlwe, kwesinye isikhathi acashe emahoreni ashisayo. Ngezinsuku zemvula ugwema ukuphuma emgodini. Ukuhamba kwama-chipmunks kuvame ukuba mancane, kungadluli kumamitha ayi-100-200. Izilwane ezihamba ngazinye kuphela ezihamba amabanga amade, ukunyakaza ngesikhathi sokufika kufika ku-1.5 km kusungulwa, lapho kugcinwa khona okuphakelayo - 1,0-2,5 km. Ukugibela izihlahla kahle futhi ugxume usuka esihlahleni uye esihlahleni uya kubude obuyi-6 m, bese ugxuma ngamandla usuka emhlabathini usuka kubude obuyimitha eyi-10. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabeni. Ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa ze-squirrel zaseRussia, i-chipmunk ibonakala nge-alamu yomsindo eyinkimbinkimbi. Izwi lakhe liyimpempe eyi-monosyllabic noma i-trill ebukhali, ekhishwa lapho ibona ingozi, kanye nezimpawu ezimbili ezivumelanayo, ezizwakala njenge- “brown-borax” noma i- “hook-hook”, eyokugcina ukukhala kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Iwela ekubandakanyeni ubusika. NgoSepthemba-Okthoba, izilwane ziyeka ukuphuma emgodini, noma kunjalo, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, ngokwesibonelo, Primorsky Territory, ziyasebenza ngisho ngoDisemba. Ngesikhathi se-thaw, i-hibernation ingaphazanyiswa futhi izilwane zingasebenzisa ezikugcinile. Ebusika, ngokuvamile awadli konke okugciniweyo - iningi lazo lisetshenziswa entwasahlobo ngemuva kokushiya i-hibernation. Kunamacala owaziwayo wokuvela kwezilwane ezimbili emgodini owodwa - owesimame nowesilisa. Isikhathi se-hibernation sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-7. Avuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imvamisa ngo-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kwezinga lokushisa elihle kanye nokuvela kwezigxobo zokuqala ezinqunqiwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-2 ngemuva kokushiya ubusika besifazane, umjaho uqala. Uma kubanda kakhulu kunomoya, ukuthambisa kuyabambezeleka.

Umsoco. Idla ngembewu yama-conifers, amajikijolo, imbewu yezihlahla zemifino namakhambi, amakhowe. Udla ngokulangazela imbewu yezitshalo ezitshaliwe, okuvame kakhulu - izingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo. Ngokwesilinganiso esincane sidla izinambuzane, ama-mollusks, izibungu, amaqanda ezinyoni kanye nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. IChipmunk inomqondo othuthukisiwe wokulondolozwa kokudla. Ehlobo nasekwindla, lesi silwane senza amasheya enesisindo esingaba ngu-8 kg wembewu ekhethiwe, siyifaka emgodini, kwesinye isikhathi imisele engashoni emhlabathini eduze nasekhaya. IChipmunk idonsa ukudla emaphaketheni esihlathini, kwesinye isikhathi okungaphezu kwekhilomitha, kungathatha kuze kufike ku-10 g ngokuhamba ngakunye. Ukudla kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngezinsuku zokufika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Izitokwe zeChipmunk - ukwelapha ibhere.

INGXENYE Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngo-Ephreli - Meyi futhi siqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphaphama. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhala okukhombisa ukuthi ngubani “umuntu” lapho abesilisa bebiza abesilisa kuvame ukuzwakala. Abesilisa abaningana bavame ukujaha insikazi, imvamisa abagijimela amamitha angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 endaweni yezwi elihlanganisiwe, baxoshele abanye, futhi babhekane nodonga lwesikhashana. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30. Njengomthetho, kuletha udoti owodwa, kepha kwezinye izingxenye zohlu abantu abahlukanayo banesekondi. Esifubeni kukhona amawundlu angama-4-10, azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi enqunu, enesisindo esingama-4 g Cishe inyanga eyodwa aqala ukuphuma emgodini, kuthi lapho esenonyaka owodwa nesigamu avele aphile impilo yokuzimela. Bafinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba ngonyaka olandelayo.

Amaphesenti abesifazane abamba iqhaza ekuzaleni kuncike kwisivuno sokondla. Ngonyaka olandelayo wokuvunwa kahle komsedari, eziNtabeni zase-Western Sayan zohlobo lwezinsikazi ezingama-91-92%, kulandela isivuno esingesihle - ama-41%. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokuzala futhi kuthinta ukwakheka kweminyaka yobudala be-chipmunks. Ngemuva kwesivuno esingesihle, isabelo sezilwane zonyaka odlule sehlile sisuka ku-65 saya ku-38% kanti inani lamaqembu asebekhulile lenyuka. Eminyakeni ejwayelekile, ekwindla, isigamu sabantu siyizilwane ezisencane. Ngokuhluleka kwezitshalo, isabelo sabo singehla saya ku-5.8%

L futhi n to futhi. I-chipmunk molt yenzeka kanye ngonyaka - entwasahlobo - ehlobo.

C hl lennost. Inani lishintsha kakhulu ngokuya ngesivuno sokuphakelwa okuyinhloko. Emahlathini aseWestern Sayan, inani elikhulu lama-chipmunks labonwa emahlathini amade kaphayini wotshani: angama-20 nge-1 sq. Km. km ENyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Altai, inani eliphakeme lama-chipmunks libonakaliswa kumisedari-fir taiga, nge-1 sq. Km. km, kwakukhona izilwane ezifika ku-47 ngaphambi kokuba ezincane ziphume emigodini futhi zifike kuma-225 ngemuva kokuvela kwazo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamahlathi, babembalwa, abantu abadala abangu-2-27 no-9-71 abanezinsizwa. Amanani amancane kunazo zonke abonwa ezindaweni ezihamba ngezinyawo phansi: 1-3 ngoJuni, 2-4 ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Esithombeni esingaphansi kwehlathi eliseningizimu yeTaiga eduze kwaseTobolsk endaweni ye-birch-aspen-fir ​​taiga ekwindla bekukhona izilwane eziyisishiyagalombili nge-1 sq. Km. km, emahlathini emisedari aminyene angaphansi komhlaba - izilwane ezingama-21.

Ngo r futhi I.Konkurenty. Izitha ze-chipmunk zingabameleli bomndeni we-marten, abahlala eziteshini ezifanayo ne-chipmunk, kanye ne-wolf, fox, inja ye-raccoon kanye nebhere, izinyoni zezinyamazane, izinyoka, amakati nezinja ezifuywayo. I-Bear and sable, idabula imisele yemibhedane, imvamisa idla "umnikazi" wayo kanye namasheya ayo. Abancintisana beChipmunk maqondana nokudla komuntu ngamunye, ikakhulukazi okuhlangene (amantongomane, ama-acorns, imbewu) izinhlobo zokudla ziyiz squirrel, i-sable, jay, i-pine nati, i-Woodpecker enkulu ebomvu, amabhere ansundu kanye ne-Himalayan namagundane egundane emide.

Inani Amasheya ebusika we-chipmunk, ikakhulukazi amantongomane ephayini, athathwa ngentshiseko ngamagundane anjengegundane futhi afunwa ngokukhethekile yimbumba yebhere. Isilwane ngokwaso siyinto ebalulekile yokudla kwabazingeli be-furry taiga. Esikhathini sokugxila kwe-encephalitis ekhishwa umkhaza sinokubaluleka kwezifo ezithile, ngokuba ngesinye sezinto eziphambili ze-ixodid tick nymphs, ngakho-ke, sibamba iqhaza ekusakazweni kwe-ejenti ye-causative yalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chipmunk iyisiphathi semvelo se-tularemia futhi ingenye yezindlela zomkhuhlane we-typhoid fever.

AmaChipmunks anempilo yemvelo yeminyaka engu-3-4. Ekudingisweni, ama-chipmunks aphile iminyaka eyi-8,5.