IBhungane iyinyoni okuyi-oda Falconiformes, umndeni we-hawk. Amabhungane isidleke eYurophu nase-Asia.
Lezi zinyoni zihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu - eSpain, e-Italy, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu. Enyakatho, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoni ikhawulelwe eScandinavia naseGreat Britain. E-UK, inqwaba enkulu yamabhungane ibonwa eNew Forest. Lesi sifunda esiseningizimu yeNgilandi sigcwala futhi sinamadlelo, amahlathi kanye nodoti.
I-Osoed (Pernis apivorus).
E-Asia, amabhungane adla endaweni yamahlathi eRussia aze afike e-Altai. Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zichitha ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, nezindawo eziseningizimu yeSahara. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele lezi zinhlobo bafika eningizimu ye-Afrika.
Ukuvela kwa bhungane
Inyosi enkulu. Ubude bomzimba walezi zinyoni ngamasentimitha angama-52-60. Amaphiko ebangeni ahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-135-150.
E-Russia, ibhungane liyisakhamuzi sendawo.
Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Ikhanda lenyoni lincane, umsila mude.
I-plumage emuva ingemnyama nsundu. Imivimbo emnyama nokukhanya iyashintshana esiswini. Izimpiko ezindizayo zinombala onsundu ngemivimbo emnyama. Izeluleko zezimpaphe zimnyama, cishe zimnyama. Umsila ulula, unemivimbo ebanzi emnyama. I-iris iphuzi. Umlomo umnyama. Amaphayi aphuzi ngezinsimbi ezimnyama. Emadodeni, iplamu ekhanda linombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi kwabesifazane - nsundu. Amabhungane endiza ngokushesha okukhulu futhi angakwazi ukuwaqondisa.
IBhungane inyoni edla inyama.
Ukuziphatha kweBhungane kanye nokudla okunempilo
Lezi zinyoni zindizela phansi ngaphezu komhlaba. Eqa esuka egatsheni eya kwelinye igatsha, amabhungane eshaya amaphiko awo, okwenza ukotini ukhale kakhulu. Izinyoni zihlala zikhothamisa amakhanda ngapha nangapha.
Ukudla kukhethekile kakhulu. Abadli bezinyosi badla emabhulwini ama-wasps, izinyosi kanye nezimbungulu. Lezi zinyoni zimba izidleke zazo ngemichilo yazo bese zifika ekuphangeni. Ibunzi kusuka ekunyeni kwenyosi livikela ipulamu elinamandla kakhulu. Amacala agobile kancane, ngoba asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukudwengula izidleke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadla izinyosi badla izinambuzane - izimbungulu ezinkulu nezinambuzane. Ziphinde futhi zidle inyamazane enkulu - amasele, namagundane, izinyoka nezinyoka.
Ekundizeni kwembula konke ubukhulu bokubhungane.
Ukuzala
Lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke ezihlahleni emaphethelweni ehlathi. Isidleke sitholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-3-15 ukusuka emhlabathini. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Ukugoba kuqukethe amaqanda ama-2-3 abomvu ansundu.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha inyanga engu-1. Kokubili insikazi nowesilisa kuyabandakanyeka ekufukelweni kwamaqanda. Isizukulwane esisha sikhula ngokushesha, lapho sezinezinyanga eziyi-1.5, amaphuphu aseqalile ukundiza. Ngaseningizimu, amabhungane endiza aqala ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi angandiza kamuva - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ibhungane lilimaza izidleke ezinodoti.
Inombolo
Inani labantu aliphezulu. Izindawo ezinomhlwa zitholakala kude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ubungako bezinhlobo buncike ngqo ebukhoneni bezinambuzane, lapho kuningi khona iminyovu nezinyosi, usayizi wabantu uyanda. Ukwehla kwenani lamabhungane kwenzeka ngemuva kwehlobo elinemvula. Eminyakeni ecebile ngokudla, ama-scavenger akhuthele esidlekeni futhi amanani awo ajwayelekile.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
I-Ara parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | Pernis apivorus |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Hawk-like |
Umndeni: | Hawk |
Umusa: | Mabhungane angempela |
Ubude bomzimba: | 52-60 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | 38.6-43.4 cm |
I-Wingspan: | 135-150 cm |
Isisindo: | I-600-1000 g |
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
IBeetle iyisidleke esikhulu esinomsila omude namaphiko amancanyana. Ebunzini futhi eduze kwamehlo unezimpaphe ezimfishane, ezilukhuni, ezifana nezikali. Izikebhe ze-Mesh zimboza isandulelo. Ngemuva kwezinyoni ezindala kunsundu omnyama, i-tummy isuka ku-brown iye kokukhanya ngephethini emnyama e-brown transverse noma i-longitudinal mottles. Izimpaphe zinsundu ngombala, zimnyama ngaphezulu, zimhlophe ngaphansi, zinemibala emnyama eguqulayo. Ezimpapheni zomsila kukhona imivimbo emithathu ebanzi emnyama eshintshashintshayo - emibili ngaphansi komsila neyodwa endaweni ephezulu. Kukhona abantu benyosi yezinyosi edwetshwe ngombala onsundu onsundu. I-iris iphuzi noma i-orange. UBill umnyama, imilenze iphuzi ngezinsimbi ezimnyama. Izinyoni ezincane zinekhanda eliqhakazile nezindawo ezikhanyayo ngemuva.
Izici Zokudla
Ubhungane uju udla izibungu, i-pupae, kanye ne-hymenoptera yabantu abadala: izinyosi, iminyovu, amabhungane kanye nama-hornets. Le nyoni idla ezinye izinambuzane, ezinjengezibungu nezicabucabu. Kungabuye futhi ukuzingela amaxoxo, izibankwa, izinduku, amachwane ezinye izinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, inyoni idla izithelo zasendle namajikijolo.
Amabhungane achitha isikhathi esincane endizeni, lapho edla phansi noma, ehlezi emagatsheni, ebheka izindawo lapho izinambuzane ziphuma khona. Ngale ndlela, ibhungane lithola indlela yokungena esidlekeni esingaphansi komhlaba, lehle emhlabathini bese ligaya izibungu ngozalo lwalo nangomlomo. Izidleke ezilenge emagatsheni ezihlahla, umhlaseli naye uyathola futhi ayonakalise. Ibhungane libuye libambe izinambuzane ezindiza eduze kwalo. Ngaphambi kokudla izinambuzane, ibhungane likhipha ukudonsa kwalo.
Ubhungane loju lufunza amaphuphu izibungu zezinambuzane zaseHymenoptera, eziqukethe amaprotheni amaningi.
Ngosuku lokudla okufanele, ibhungane elilodwa elidala lidla izidleke ezingama-5 wasp, inkukhu idinga izibungu ezingaba ngu-1000, yingakho lezi zinyoni, ngaphandle kwezinambuzane, inyamazane kumaxoxo, izibankwa, izinduku ezincane nezinyoni, amabhungane nezinhlanga.
Ukusakazeka kwezinyoni
Izidleke zokuhlala zisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeSweden ziye e-Ob naseYenisei eSiberia naseningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian emngceleni ne-Iran. Le nyoni iyinyoni efudukayo futhi iya entshonalanga nasezifundeni eziphakathi ne-Afrika ebusika. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti nokuqala kukaSepthemba, odla izinyosi babuthana emihlambini emikhulu balungiselele ukuthatha uhambo olude baye emazweni afudumele. Izimbangi zifika ezindaweni zokudla izidleke ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Endizeni, isebenzisa imisinga yomoya, kepha igwema imizimba enkulu yamanzi, izama ukundiza endaweni emincane kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eGibraltar.
Ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zamahlathi, emahlathini omanzi futhi aqhakazile atholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle, lapho ungathola khona ukudla okwanele. Ibhungane futhi lihlala ngokuzithandela ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinama-glade, izihlahlana nezixhaphozi. Kepha laba bantu abahlaselayo bagwema izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zezolimo.
I-Crested noma i-Oriental Beetle (Pernis ptilorhynchus)
Le nyoni iphakathi ngosayizi, kepha inkulu kunebhungane elivamile. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-59 kuya ku-66 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-0,7 kuya ku-1.5 kg, amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-150-170. Ngemuva kwekhanda, izimpaphe ezinde zakha i-crest ekhonjiwe, ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo lwayo luthole igama lazo. Umhlane unombala onsundu noma onsundu ngombala, umucu omnyama onsundu utholakala emqaleni omhlophe. Wonke umzimba ungwevu. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa uthingo olubomvu nemivimbo emibili emnyama emsileni. Abesifazane bavame ukuba mnyama, amakhanda abo abe nsundu, uthingo luphuzi. Emsileni kukhona imivimbo engu-4-6. Izinyoni ezincane zibukeka njengabesifazane.
Izinhlobo zihlala eningizimu yeSiberia kanye neMpumalanga Ekude; entshonalanga, ububanzi bayo bokusabalalisa bufika e-Altai naseSalair. Ubhungane oluhlanganisiwe luhlala emahlathini axubile futhi aqobayo, lapho kunezindawo ezivulekile. Idla i-hymenopteran, iminyovu ikakhulukazi, kanye ne-cicadas.
Isikhova sowesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
I-dimorphism yezocansi akuyona uphawu lomuntu odla izinyosi ojwayelekile. Ezinhlotsheni zakhe ahlobene nazo - ibhungane elahliwe - insikazi kanye nowesilisa kuyahluka ngenani lemivimbo emsileni kanye nombala wothingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile, izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinemibala emnyama kunezabesilisa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenyoni
- Ngokubusika, abadli bamabhungane bakhetha izindawo ezihamba kahle ngokunethezeka okufanayo nokuthola isidleke.
- Balinganiselwa ku-100,000 abantu abebelokhu bendiza eGibraltar minyaka yonke, behamba ebusika besiya e-Afrika, kanti abanye abangu-25,000 bandiza iBosphorus. Ama-Oswedo ahamba ngemihlambi emikhulu ebola ngemuva kokufika.
- Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, amabhungane ahlala emagatsheni ezihlahla anganyakazi ngokuphelele. Izazi zesifo somzimba sezike zaqopha isidlo sezinyosi, esihlala ngaphandle kokuhamba amahora ama-2 imizuzu engama-47.
- Njengoba bekhula, amabhungane ngokwawo aqola izibungu ezinhlosi zezinyosi abazali bazo abalethela zona futhi ngasikhathi sinye azame ukulimaza nezidleke zazo kwesinye isikhathi.
- Namuhla, amabhungane avikelwe, njengoba inani lawo lehlile kakhulu. Lapho indiza isiya eningizimu yeYurophu, le nhlobo ivame ukuba yisisulu sabazingeli.