I-Amur Tail * Ama-vertebrates

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R. Pushkin, E Shalaev Moscow

Phakathi kwezimbungulu ezihlala ePrimorye, izinhlobo ezimbili zohlobo zithandwa kakhulu. I-Longtail (Tachydromus). Igama lezilwane liyazikhulumela. Kwezinye izinhlobo eziyishumi ezaziwayo zemisila emide, ubude bomsila buphindwe kane kasayizi womzimba. Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi silinganiso singu-2,5 kuya ku-1.
Imisila emide iboniswa ngemikhawulo emikhulu yensimbi yedayimane enezimbambo zobude obude, ihlala ihlangana kuzicoco. Izinsimbi ezifanayo zingaba ohlangothini lwe-ventral lomzimba.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zohlobo lweTachydromus inwebeka kuwo wonke amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga naseMpumalanga ye-Asia kuya esiQhingini Sunda eseningizimu neJapan kanye nePrimorye yaseRussia enyakatho.

Imisila emide ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlanga, kepha ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile nangasogwini lwezindikimba zamanzi. Njengendawo yokukhosela, izimbobo, udoti wehlathi, izihlahla ezinotshani, izikhala ezingaphansi kwamagxolo aqinile zisetshenziswa. Imvamisa zifihla emiseleni yamagundane. Ukuhamba ngotshani, lezi zidalwa ezinomusa zibanjwa ezihlahleni ngosizo lweminwe eyishumi kanye nomsila omude omfishane. Abanye ababukeli baqhathanisa ukunyakaza kwabo otshanini nokubhukuda - kalula futhi ngokushesha izibankwa ziyashelela phakathi kweziqu.

Umsila wesithombe we-Amur

Sihlangana ezweni lethu Amur (T. amurensis) no isiKorea (T. wolteri) imisila emide.
Lezi zinhlobo zinokuhluka okucacile okusobala. I-Korea ende i-Korea ine-pore eyodwa ye-inguinal ohlangothini ngalunye, kanti i-Amur pore inezimbili noma ezine. Ku-Amur intermaxillary scab, ithinta nge-suture ebanzi yecala lamakhala elingaphambili, eKorea - hhayi.
Okuvamile eKorea naseNingizimu mpumalanga yeChina i-korea ende unomzimba onsundu onsundu ongafika kumasentimitha ayi-6 ubude ubude bawo nomsila wamasentimitha ayi-15. Umugqa omnyama, oqiniswe kusuka ngezansi ngumngcele omhlophe noma onsundu, ugijimisana nemikhawulo evulekile. Isisu sinombala ophuzi, umphimbo nesifuba kuphuzi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lesi sibankwa singene ezifundeni eziseningizimu yePrimorsky Territory, lapho sihlala khona ezindaweni ezinezitshalo ezinotshani nezihlahla ezinotshani, ngasemaphethelweni amahlathi nasezigangeni. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo elangeni, ngokuzithandela ubhukuda emanzini. Ebusuku, ugibela ezihlahleni abambe, abambe amagatsha ngomsila wakhe oboshwe izindandatho. Ukudla kwenziwa ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izicabucabu nezinye izidalwa ezincane. Ngenkathi uyakwazi ukuphatha amaqanda ayi-2-3.
Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe kwesitolo eside saseKorea ezweni lethu, i-biology yayo ayifundiswanga kangako.

Kuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nolunye uhlobo - I-Amur ende. Mkhulu kuneKorea: ubude bomzimba ongu-6.5-7 amasentimitha, umsila izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2,5 ubude. Ihlala empumalanga yeManchuria naseKorea, nathi eningizimu yePrimorsky Krai siye eKhabarovsk. Ilungiselela izindawo ezifudumele kahle zamahlathi ama-oki namahlathi. Imvamisa itholakala ngamatshe amatshe ayimifula, eceleni komgwaqo, ekuvulekeni nakwezinye izindawo ezivulekile.
Leli lizard elisheshayo lipendiwe phezulu ngombala onsundu, onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kukhona abantu abanebala elimnyama, elingakhethekile ukwakheka emuva. Umucu omnyama ugijimisana nemikhawulo ye-dorsal-lateral, kusuka engxenyeni yesikhashana ukuya ezinhlangothini zomsila. Umucu omncane omncane uhlobisa izinhlangothi zentamo. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingubo yingubo umphimbo okhanyayo nesisu esiluhlaza okotshani. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa.
Isisekelo sokudla emvelweni sakhiwa izicabucabu, izinkumbi nezinambuzane: izimpungushe zomhlaba, imigilingwane, imollusks, amabhungane ahlukahlukene adlala indima encane kakhulu.

Photo Korea Longtail

Ngemuva kokudalwa kobusika, okuphela ngoMashi-Ephreli, izibankwakazi ziqala inkathi yokuzalela. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2-8. NgoJulayi-Agasti, kuvame ukuba ne-clutch yesibili. Lapho igcinwa ekudingisweni, imichilo emithathu yagcinwa inkathi ngayinye. Sekukonke, ngesikhathi esifudumele, izibankwa zizalela amaqanda ayi-14 kuye kwangama-23. Insikazi ifihla ukwenziwa kwesihlabathi esimanzi, emhlabeni noma othulini lokhuni.
Lapho sithola umbhangqwana I-Amur Tartar (ubude bomzimba wowesilisa bungamasentimitha ayi-6, umsila ungamasentimitha ayi-12, izintokazi zingu-6.5 no-12 ngokulandelana), sazibeka esigcawini esingama-30x40 amasentimitha ukuphakama okungama-40. Ngaphansi kwesitsha sengilazi sonke esinezimbobo zokupholisa ezindongeni eziseceleni simbozwe ungqimba lwamasentimitha ayi-10 komhlaba sphagnum. Amahlathi amaningana e-chlorophytum ne-fern Phyllilis scolopendrum atshalwa emhlabathini. Ama-oats atshalwe ebusweni bomhlaba ne-turf ibekwe ngaphezulu. Ama-oats aqhakaza ku-sod anikeza inqwaba yeziqu ezinotshani obude, phakathi kwazo lapho izibungu zichitha khona isikhathi esiningi. Isigamu sehora lokukhanya kwezilwane lezi zilwane zaziseziqongweni noma ezintanjeni zotshani ngaphansi kwesibani esingama-watt angama-40 sehle sanyiselwa kudoti. Isibani sasishisa amahora angu-9 ngosuku. Emini, izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwalo lalingama-27-30 ° С, ebusuku lehle laya ku-18-20 ° С. Ebusuku, imisila icashe emathunjini otshani, ngaphansi kwezigxobo noma ngemuva kwegxolo, elalihlotshiswe ngodonga olungemuva lwethala.

Izibungu zibhukuda ngokuzithandela, ziphuze kakhulu endishini yokuphuza, ziphonsa amaconsi omswakama ezindongeni zethala noma kwizitshalo ngemuva kokufafaza. ITrivitamin yangezwa kanye ngeviki ekudleni, okubandakanya izibungu zikafulawa, ama-gherkins, izicabucabu kanye namaphela, kuhlangana ne-tetravit ne-vitamin Bg.
Entwasahlobo, amaTailies aqala ukukhombisa intshiseko ngomunye nomunye. Kodwa-ke, ukumukelwa kwemvelo akwenzekanga. Ngokusobala, ukungabikho kwesikhathi sokuphumula, ezidinga izilwane eziningi zokuzalela okuphumelelayo, kwathinteka.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Uhlobo lungelokwezithobela ILacertinaeIsizwe ILacertini.

Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-21:

Takydromus amurensis - Amur Tartar
Takydromus dorsalis
I-Takydromus formosanus - Umsila waseTaiwan
Takydromus hani
Takydromus haughtonianus
Takydromus hsuehshanensis
I-Takydromus intermedius
Takydromus khasiensis
Takydromus kuehnei
Takydromus luyeanus
Takydromus sauteri
I-Takydromus septentrionalis - i-Chinese Longtail
I-Takydromus sexlineatus - i-Long-lined (probe) ende
Takydromus sikkimensis
I-Takydromus smaragdinus - Umsila we-smaragd (luhlaza)
Takydromus stejnegeri
Takydromus sylvaticus
I-Takydromus tachydromoides - Umsila waseJapan
I-Takydromus toyamai
Takydromus viridipunctatus
I-Takydromus wolteri - Umsila waseKorea

Umsila weKorea - Tachydromus wolteri Fisch., 1885

Indawo Ejwayelekile: Chemulpo (North Korea).

Isihlangu esingaphezulu asithinti umgogodla wangaphambili futhi sihlukaniswe yiwo ngamakhala. Ukuhlangana kuqala ngakunye noma ukuhlukaniswa ngesihlangu esincane. Phakathi kwesikalo esiphezulu se-lumbar ne-supraorbital, kufika ku-7 okusanhlamvu okuncane. Isihlangu se-occipital sisifushane futhi sinciphile kunalesi esimnyama. Isifunda se-infraorbital sifinyelela emaphethelweni omlomo. I-inferior infraorbital 4 (akuvamile kakhulu 3 noma 5) ichopho le-labial. Izikali zesikhashana zibushelelezi noma zinezimbambo ezingekho ngaphansi. Ukugoqwa kwesigubhu kuchazwe kahle. Izihlangu ze-mandibular zimbhangqwana ezi-4, izihlangu zabhangqa lwesine zinde kakhulu, izimbambo zangaphambili ezi-2 zithintana eceleni komphimbo womphimbo, umugqa ongasemuva onqenqemeni lwezihlangu zababili wesithathu uqondile. Izikali zomphimbo zibushelelezi, zanda entanyeni. Ikhola ivezwa buthaka. Umhlane umbozwe ngemigqa emide engu-7-8 esikalini esikhulu, ngasinye sinobambo olude kodwa olubucayi obude, izikali esisodwa, imvamisa imigqa emibili ephakathi, zincane kakhulu. Isikali se-lateral sikhulu kuneze-dorsal-lateral ones, kepha sincane kakhulu kunaleso esise dorsal futhi phakathi nomzimba sitholakala emigqeni engu-2-3 eyi-longitudinal, i-flake ngayinye enembambo ebukhali phakathi.

Amaphethini we-ventral akhiwe emigqeni engu-8 yobude obude. Isihlangu se-anal sikhulu, ububanzi baso bukhulu ukwedlula ubude. Isikali somsila siyindawo ebanzi, enezimbambo eziphansi ezinde.

Ngaphezulu kombala onsundu, ompunga noma ompunga okhanyayo, phezu kogqingo umucu omude onsundu noma omnyama onsundu udlulela emsileni. I-strak ebanzi, emnyama, evame ukuba nsundu, iqala lapho kukalwa isikali esisebumnyameni kanye nomugqa wangaphandle wesikali se-dorsal, iqala esifundeni sesikhashana bese idlulela ezinhlangothini zomsila, lapho iba mncane futhi ivele inyamalale kancane; esiqeshini, lo mucu uthwetshulwe usuka ngezansi ngentambo emhlophe noma emibalabala. kusuka esivikelweni sangemuva esingasemuva kanye nokudlula ezinhlangothini zekhanda nentamo.

Isisu sinombala ophuzi, umphimbo nesifuba ngombala oluhlaza okotshani (Amathebula 15, 9).

Kusatshalaliswe ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Primorsky Territory, cishe kuya esigodini somfula. Iman enyakatho (imephu 78). Ngaphandle kwe-USSR, eKorea, eSoisyu Island, eSoutheast Manchuria naseMpumalanga China.

Imephu 78

I-Biology ayiqondakali kahle. Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinotshani obunemifino notshani, emaphethelweni amahlathi nasezindalini. Uma usengozini, ngokuzithandela ungena emanzini ubhukuda kahle. Amagobolondo angaphansi kwamatshe, emaphondweni wamagundane nasezandleni zethuni eziwugqinsi. Lapho egibela izihlahlana, uyazisiza ngokunamathela emagatsheni ngomsila wakhe. Idla izinambuzane, izicabucabu kanye namanye ama-invertebrates amancane. Kunezinduku ezi-2 ngesizini.

Ahlala kuphi ama-longtails aseKorea?

Lezi zibankwa zihlala eSoyshu Island, Korea, East China naseSoutheast Manchuria. Ezweni lethu, ayatholakala, kepha eningizimu yePrimorsky Krai kuphela, ahlangana nesigodi soMfula i-Iman.

Lezi zibankwa zihlala engxenyeni yase-Asia yezwekazi lase-Euro.

Indawo yokuhlala yemisila emide yaseKorea, ngokungafani nezikhala ze-Amur, yizindawo ezivulekile. Uma izindawo zokuhlala ze-Amur nezaseKorea zivele zahlangana, khona-ke indawo yazo ihlukaniswe ngokusobala: imisila emide ye-Amur ihlala emigodini, emithambekeni nasemaphethelweni, futhi amaKorea akhetha ukubhukuda nezimbila ezivulekile. Imigwaqo emide yaseKorea yabonakala ogwini lwamachibi emibhedeni yomhlanga nasemithambekeni emaweni.

Izimpilo ezinde zaseKorea zisezindaweni ezihlala zodwa.

Njengazo zonke izibankwa, imisila emide yaseKorea ecashe emiseleni yamagundane, otshanini obukhulu noma emifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ingangena emanzini, ngoba ingabhukuda kahle. Izikebhe zaseKorea zisebenza kakhulu, zigijima ngokushesha zigibele otshanini nezihlahlana.

Ukuzalela imisila emide yaseKorea

I-Korea ende iyophuma ngemuva kobusika ebusika ngaphambi kwe-Amur ende, kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngokunokwenzeka, izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda azo, njengamaqhude amaningi, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesizini. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinsikazi zilala amaqanda angaba ngu-17. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, imisila emide esivele ibonakala eceleni kwemigwaqo yezwe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamazibuko amade amade.