Inyoka enamazinyo - Malpolon monspessulanus - inyoka enkulu enobukhulu bomzimba ofinyelela ku-1800 mm, okuyi-400-550 mm okuhlala kuyo ubude bomsila. Isibalo sesizungeze ngandlela thile ngaphambili, ingaphezulu laso lingumbala wesigaxa, kanti imiphetho yesizalo kusukela ekhaleni kuya esweni imisiwe futhi iphakeme. Isigaxa maxillary cishe asiveli phakathi kwamakhala. Izikali zomzimba ezinegreythi emide, zitholakala emigqeni engu-17 noma engu-19 yobude obude. Izithambeka zesisu 160-200, ama-sub-caudal 68-104 ngazimbili. Isikali emaphethelweni wesisu sikhulu kakhulu kunaleso sangaphandle. Isikali nge-pical eyodwa ye-apical. Isihlangu se-anal sihlukaniswe.
Ingaphezulu lomzimba lingumnqumo omnyama, ngaphandle kwamabala. Ebantwini abakhulu, njengomthetho, umucu omnyama uchazwa kahle, umngcele ongaphezulu komphetho ophezulu ngumugqa odayiwe ophuzi ohamba emgqeni owedlulele wesikali somboko ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba. Izinyoka ezincane zezinyoka ngaphezulu zinombala onsundu, onsundu ngombala onsundu noma onsundu ngombala onamabala ansundu, amnyama ansundu noma acishe abe amabala amnyama, ngokuvamile ahlelwe ngendlela yemigqa ye-longitudinal echazwe kahle. Umbala wezinyoka ezincane ubukeka uthambekele ngenxa yokuqhathaniswa kwalezizindawo ezimnyama ezinemiphetho ephuzi noma emhlophe yesikali ngasinye ngemuva nasemaceleni omzimba. Ngobudala, amabala asezindongeni nasemathangeni esiswini somzimba ayanyamalala, futhi umbala wezinyoka ezinkulu kunezingama-700 mm uvame ukubonakala ubomvana, omnqumo noma ompunga onsundu obomvana ophuzi, ongenabala, nesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emadodeni avuthiwe, umbala wangaphambili womzimba, kufaka phakathi nekhanda, uluhlaza okomnqumo, futhi wonke umhlaba osele uphelele ngombala. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral luphuzi ngokuphuzi, iphethini le-longitudinal noma izingcezu zayo zigcinwa kuphela emphinjeni. Izinsikazi zigcina imicu emide yobude obude ezinhlangothini zomzimba, futhi, ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye, iphethini ebekiwe ende esiswini.
Inyoka yezinyoka ivame enyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu yeBalkan peninsula, e-Asia Minor, eningizimu yeYurophu, eCaucasus, entshonalanga ne-Iran, i-Iraq, iSyria, neLebanoni, ne-Israyeli, neJordani nentshonalanga ye-Arabia.
Engxenyeni esempumalanga yebanga, kufaka phakathi inyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu yeBalkan Peninsula, iTurkey, i-Iran, i-Iraq kanye neCaucasus (empumalanga yeTranscaucasia), impilo kaMalpolon monspessulanus insignitus (Geoffrey, 1827). Ensimini yaseRussia, le nhlobo isatshalaliswa kuphela empumalanga yeCiscaucasia, lapho uhla lwayo luyindawo ebanzi yokuma komhlaba etholakala empumalanga yeKalmykia kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze neStavropol Territory. Izindawo ezihlukile esebeni elingakwesobunxele leVolga ezindaweni zalo eziphansi ziyaziwa.
Inyoka yesilozi ihlotshaniswa nendawo yayo enezindawo ezomileyo zomhlaba. ETranscaucasia, itholakala enkangala eyomile eyakhiwe ngamatshe, inamathela ezindaweni ezinendawo engalingani kanye nenqwaba yezingcezwana zamadwala, futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezinomileyo, ezinesihlabathi esimisiwe nasezindaweni ezomile ezingamahlathi. Le nyoka ayigwemi izindawo ezinamasiko, itholakala ezivandeni, ezivinini, ngaphandle kwamasimu kakotini naseziseleni zemisele yokunisela. Ikhuphuka ezintabeni ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1100 kuya kwe-1500 ngaphezu kolwandle. ECiscaucasia, inyoka eyisidudla ihlala ezindaweni ezinobumba olunesihlabathi, umhlume ogcwele ukhula, esihlabathini esiningi, kwesinye isikhathi ezifundeni ezikhukhula. Amasheleni ayimibhobho yama-gerbils kanye nama-squirrel omhlabathi, ama-voids ngaphansi kwamatshe, izigodi emhlabathini, imifantu nezinqwaba zamatshe. Ku-Ciscaucasia, inani liphakeme kunaseCaucasus futhi lingafinyelela abantu aba-2 ngehektha elilodwa.
Umsebenzi ngemuva kokuqala kobusika uqala maphakathi no-Mashi e-Armenia naseGeorgia futhi ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngokubusika, izinyoka zezinyoka zihamba ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Indlela yokuphila ngesikhathi esishisayo ubusuku kusihlwa.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, bazama ukucasha emgodini oseduze noma ngaphansi kwetshe, kepha, bengatholakali ithuba elinjalo, kwesinye isikhathi baziphatha kabi kakhulu: imisindo, gxilisa umzimba, balume ngesihluku futhi baphonse ngamamitha ayi-1 bangene esitheni. Ukulunywa yizinyoka ezinkulu kuyingozi futhi kubuhlungu kubantu.
Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli, kanti engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - Juni eCaucasus, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda angama-5-20 ama-30- 30 x 40-45 mm ngosayizi. Ukubonakala kwezinyoka ezincane zezinyoka ezinobude bomzimba obungu-220-270 mm e-Armenia kwaphawulwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, naseCiscaucasia - ngemuva kwenyanga. Lezi zinyoka ezinkulu zivame ukusebenzisa isu lokuzingela elikhanyayo, kuyilapho ziphakamisa umphambili womzimba zibheke phezulu, zihlola indawo ezungezile.
Umsoco. Izinyoka ezidla izinyoka yizigundane, izibankwa nezinye izinyoka, eziqala ngokuziluma, bese zifaka izindandatho zomzimba.
Inani lezinyoka zezinyoka liphansi, kepha lizinzile. Usongo ngukuncishiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala mayelana nentuthuko yezomnotho yensimu. Njengenhlobo enesibalo esinciphile, ifakwa ohlwini lwe-Anxaated lwe-taxa kanye nabantu abadinga ukunakwa okukhethekile esimweni sabo esimweni semvelo (Isithasiselo seNcwadi ebomvu yeRussian Federation).
Ihluka kwezinye izinyoka ezinjengezinyoka ezinegobolondo eliqinile noma elinomugqa omude ngaphezulu kwaphezulu kwe-muzzle, kusuka kumcibisholo wenyoka ohlala ndawonye - ngokuba nezithambo ezimbili, ukubukeka kwemibala kanye nezimpawu zephethini.
1. I-Texas White Snake / i-Elaphe isindize i-lindheimeri
Igama lesibili lenyoka inyoka yegundane elimhlophe, futhi lihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseNyakatho Melika. Ihlala ezigodini zemifula, emahlathini anomswakama. Ungahlala eduzane nemizi.
Ekugcineni, le nyoka ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.8. Umbala, njengoba ubonakala igama lezinhlobo, umhlophe, kepha abantu abamnyama nabakhanyayo be-orange bayatholakala. Idla izinduku, amasele, ukubamba izimbiza ngokuphelele.
Ayizinto ezinobuthi, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngesimo sobudlova. Ukuluma kubuhlungu kakhulu. Amazinyo abukhali angena ngaphakathi emzimbeni, okwenza isilonda siphume isikhathi eside. Kuyadingeka ukuphatha ngokushesha indawo elulwayo ukugwema ukutheleleka.
2. King cobra / Ophiophagus hannah
Inyoka enkulu enobuthi ingeyamalungu omndeni wama-aspid, futhi yahlala emazweni aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Bancamela ukucasha emihumeni nasemiseleni ejulile, kepha bangahlala ezihlahleni.
Ubude obujwayelekile bufika ku-2-4 m, kepha kukhona amamodeli angaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu. Ngakho-ke, e-London Zoo bekuhlala i-cobra, ekhula yaba ngamamitha ayi-5.71. Umbala onsundu omnyama, kepha abantu abane-hue eluhlaza okotshani bayatholakala. I-cobra ine-hood eyibeka eceleni kwezinye izinyoka.
Lapho behlangana ne-cobra, ochwepheshe beluleka umuntu ukuthi ayohlala ezingeni lamehlo enyoka, aphefumule ngokulinganayo futhi azame ukungasuki. Uthola umuntu engenabungozi bese egcina enyamalala.
3. Inyoka yenyoka / iMalpolon monspessulanus
Inyoka enkulu impela, ekhula ibe ngu-1.8 m, isakazeka kabanzi esifundeni saseMedithera, i-Asia Minor kanye naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kutholakala eRussia eCaucasus.
Abantu abadala banombala onsundu ngombala onomugqa obumnyama. Izinyoka ezincane zilula. Zinezindawo ezinemibala emnyama ecishe ibe mnyama endaweni yazo ephezulu yomzimba. Isizalo siyindilinga encane.
Okwamanje ingozi isezingeni, izama ukucasha emgodini noma ngaphansi kwamatshe, kuthi lapho kungenzeki lokho, iziphathe ngesihluku. Yehlisa umzimba umzimba, izwakala kakhulu futhi ingagxuma ifinyelele kumitha owodwa ukuluma.
4. ISanti Efa / Echis carinatus
Ungahlangana nenyoka encane emazweni aseCentral Asia, eSoutheast Asia nase-USA. Ikhula ingadluli ku-75 cm. Ngentwasahlobo nasekwindla ihola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, futhi ehlobo iyasebenza phakathi nosuku.
Ezinhlangothini zabo kukhona umucu we-zigzag okhanyayo, futhi umzimba ngokwawo wonke usebumnyameni cishe nezindawo ezi-rhomboid. Esihlabathini kushukumisela uhlobo lwenkambo eseceleni. Okokuqala uphonsa ikhanda eceleni, bese edonsa umzimba.
E-India babizwa i-rana, kanti e-USA - viper-scaled scal. Idla izinduku futhi idle ama-scolopendras kanye nezikhala. Kepha, noma ngabe kubizwa ini, lokhu kuyinto enobuthi obunobuthi kakhulu.
By way, esizeni sethu topcafe.su kukhona i-athikili ethokozisayo ngamasele anobuthi kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
5. I-Rough Wood Viper / Atheris squamigera
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa inyoka enobuthi evela emndenini omkhulu wezinyoka ezihlala e-Afrika. Abantu abadala bakhula bangabi ngaphezu kwama-78 cm, kanti izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Izakhamizi zezwekazi lase-Afrika zinombala ohlukile. Kukhona ophuzi ngokuphelele, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukhona i-tinge ebomvu. Kukhethwa amahlathi amaningi anamanzi, acashe phakathi kwamatshe namathanga.
Ubuthi obuqinile bunomphumela we-hematological. Umuntu akahlaselwa kakhulu, kepha kubikwe ukufa okubili kokulimala kwenyoka yesihlahla emlandweni.
6. I-Garter isivele / i-Thamnophis sirtalis
Lezi zinyoka ezincane ezinemibala ehlukene zibizwa nangokuthi izinyoka zasengadini. Bazizwa bekhulu phakathi kwamathafa futhi kuphakeme ezintabeni.
Sivela eMexico saya ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeCanada. Bahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, futhi bakhula bangabi ngaphezu kwama-80 cm.Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Uhlobo kuphela lwama-couchi gigas angafinyelela irekhodi le-1.4 m.
Kulula ukuzikhomba ngemichilo etholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Kwezinye izinhlobo, kutholakala imicu emide engu-8. Zidla imidlwane, amasele, futhi zizingela ama-salamanders kanye nezikhonkwane zomhlaba. Sekukonke, ngaphezu kwezingu-40 izikhungo zezinyoka zasengadini zihlukaniswa ku-zoology.
7. I-Green Mamba / Dendroaspis viridis
Esihlahleni semvula ungahlangana nenye yezinyoka zasendle eziyingozi kakhulu. Kepha kungcono ukuyidlula. Ubuthi obukhawulezayo bubangela i-necrosis yezicubu futhi kuholele ekukhubazekeni komzimba.
IMamba inomzimba omuhle. Umzimba ungumbala ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani. Kukhona abantu lapho umsila uphuzi ngokuphelele. Isisu simhlophe noma sinombala ophuzi ophuzi.
Kuholela endleleni yokuphila kwasemhlabeni kanye ne-arboreal. Iyazingela phakathi nosuku, kepha iyakwazi ukukhamba ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela ngisho nasebusuku. Le inyoka ephathekayo futhi esheshayo, ekwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu lapho ihamba.
8. Anaconda / Eunectes murinus
Phakathi kwezakhamizi eziyingozi zomhlaba wepulanethi, enye enhle kakhulu yi-anaconda. Okokuqala ngqa, abantu baseYurophu babona lesi sidalwa esikhulu ngo-1553.
Umbala oyinhloko we-anaconda uluhlaza okotshani ngemigqa emibili yezindawo ezimnyama. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imigqa yezindawo ezincane eziphuzi. Umzimba mkhulu, yingakho nje ungenazitha ezilwaneni zasendle. Bambalwa abantu abanquma ukulwa nesiqhwaga esinje.
Iyondla izilwane ezincelisayo, futhi ihlale ekhaya lomuntu, ihlasela izilwane ezifuywayo. Izinganekwane eziningi zihambisana nayo, ngesisekelo lapho kubhalwe khona imisebenzi yobuciko bese kwenziwa amafilimu.
9. Izilokazana ezinophondo lwama-Viper / Cerastes
Inyoka engajwayelekile enamakhanda amabili ekhanda ngesimo sezimpondo ihlala eNhlonhlo yase-Arabia naseNyakatho Afrika. Ayitholakali kuphela eMorocco.
Umbala uphuzi ngesihlabathi futhi unezici ezinomzimba emzimbeni wonke. Lo mbala uvumelana nogwadule olunesihlabathi, ngoba uyakwazi ukufihla kalula. Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni.
AmaGibhithe asendulo ayazi ngenyoka enezimpondo. Isithombe sakhe singatholakala odongeni lwamathuna, futhi amaGrikhi asendulo afaka igama lakhe ngezinhlamvu zawo ngezinhlamvu "fi".
Ungaphuthelwa esizeni sethu topcafe.su ngezinto ezihehayo ngezindawo eziwugwadule ezinhle kakhulu eziyi-15 ezimangazayo ngezindawo zazo zomhlaba.
10. I-South China i-krajt eningi / i-Bungarus multicinctus
Uhla lwenyoka enhle lufinyelela eTaiwan, izifunda eziseningizimu yeChina, iVietnam, neMyanmar, kanye neThailand.
Umzimba mncane ngekhanda elincane. IKrayt inobuthi, kepha ikhula ingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5 .Kodwa kutholakala abantu abafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.85.isidumbu esimnyama simbozwe ngemivimbo emhlophe egqagqene. Idla izinduku, idla izinambuzane, izibungu.
Izimpilo zihlala phakathi kwamatshe, kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka ziye kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Inyoka emnyama ehlukene phakathi kulula ukubona, kodwa kungcono ukudlula lesi silwanyana esiyingozi.
11. I-Coral Aspid / Micrurus
Isilwane esinezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinombala ohlukahlukene sinombala ohlukile wezindandatho ezibomvu, ezimnyama, eziphuzi nezingeswidi. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibala zincike ezinhlotsheni nasendaweni yokuhlala.
Kusatshalaliswa eNyakatho naseLatin America, kusuka e-Uruguay kuya esifundeni eseningizimu ye-United States. Banobuthi obubulalayo. Ngemuva kokuluma, uma ungafaki i-antidote futhi unganikeli ngosizo, umuntu angafa kungakapheli amahora angama-24.
Ama-aspid amahle adla ngamagundane amancane, izinambuzane, izibankwa. Bangakwazi ukuzingela ama-amphibians emahlathini. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingezona ezinobuthi ezivumelane nombala nabalingani bazo abanobuthi.
12. Imichilo yeRoyal Snake / Lampropeltis engunxantathu
E-terrarium yethu e-topcafe, umndeni wabamhlophe usevele wethule inyoka enhle enemivimbo emhlophe ngaphezulu komzimba wayo o-orange ogqamile.
Lesi yisibonelo esicacile sokulingiswa kwezilwane zasendle, lapho ngombala waso ufana ne-coral aspid. Akakhuli ngaphezu kuka-1.5 m, futhi uhlala eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Lolu hlobo lwande eCanada, eMexico, e-Uruguay.
Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu inyoka yobisi yobukhosi, ehlala eFlorida naseNew Jersey. Isikhathi sokuphila akuyona ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ekuthunjweni angaphila isikhathi eside. Idla izidleke, idla izinambuzane ezinkulu. Amakhreyithi ayokuzingela ngokuqala kokuhwalala, naphakathi nosuku ancamela ukucasha.
13. I-cobra ebonakalayo / Naja naja
Inyoka eyingozi ibizwa nangokuthi i-Indian cobra, kuthi abantu abadala bakhule babe ngamamitha amabili ubude. Ihlala insimu enkulu impela, ukusuka emazweni ase-Asia Minor kuya ePhilippines.
I-cobra ipendwe ngombala. Umbala ungahlukahluka, kepha umbala ophambili uphuzi ovuthayo, kwesinye isikhathi upende okwesibhakabhaka. Ekhanda kanye namaphethini wesimo se-hood. Umdwebo ekhanda ufana nezibuko, ezinikeze izinhlobo zezinhlobo amagama.
Kubukeka sengathi kuyashesha ukuthanda, kodwa uma kunesidingo kungabhukuda ngokushesha futhi kukhanyeke njengamagatsha ezihlahla. Lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziswa yizifekithali emisakazweni yazo nasemidlalweni yasemgwaqweni. Kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, bancishwa amazinyo abukhali.
14. Inyoka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isilo sasendle esingajwayelekile esinamagama afanayo angajwayelekile umuntu amnika sona. Uhlobo selusondele ekuqothulweni.
Yathola igama layo ngokusho kombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka obonakalayo womzimba, kanye nesivinini sokunyakaza. Inomoya wokucasukela, futhi lapho ihlangana nomuntu, izama ukuluma. Kepha uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ecasha, ezama ukungabeki iso lakhe.
Njengama-repitles amaningi, idla izinambuzane, izibankwa, futhi ngentokozo idla izidleke zezinyoni.
15. Inyoka yamabele / i-Pantherophis guttatus
Inyoka ebomvu enezindawo ezimnyama eziyindilinga ihlala phakathi kwamahlathi amakhulu, kanye nasemithambekeni edwala. Inyoka le igcwele ezweni lonke lase Melika.
Umbala uhlukile, kepha imvamisa ngombala ogqamile obomvu. Esiswini kukhona iphethini enezimpawu ezimhlophe-ezimnyama. Ingahlala emasimini wepulazi, ezakhiweni ezishiywe dengwane.
Ufaniswa umlingiswa onobuhle obuhle, futhi uvame ukuphela ekhaya njengezilwane zasekhaya. Ukunakekela isilwane esinjalo kulula futhi kumnandi. Into esemqoka ukuhlanza i-aquarium ngesikhathi bese uyondla.
16. I-rainbow Boa / Epicrate cenchria
Inyoka enhle engenabo ubuthi ihlala ehlathini laseNingizimu Melika. Ukubhukuda ngokubabazekayo, ngakho-ke hlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Inani elikhulu labantu lihlala e-Amazon.
Isizinda somzimba esiyinhloko sinsundu sinamabala amnyama ansundu. Emisebeni yelanga, izikali zinika i-luster enhle yensimbi. Umzimba mkhulu, ukhula ngobude ungadluli kumamitha amabili. Emvelweni kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi.
Uma ubheka izithombe zama-boas aqhamuka ezindaweni ezihlukile, umbala uhlukile ngokuphelele. Kukhona abantu lapho amabala asemzimbeni ophuzi ophuzi asatshalaliswa khona ngokugcwala onsomi. Kukhona nezindawo ezibomvana.
17. IHieroglyphic Python / Python sebae
Ama-python angawezinyoka ezinkulu, futhi indoda enhle kangako ingakhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-100-120 kg. Bahlala eningizimu yeSahara emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasema-savannah.
Ekhanda kukhona indawo emnyama ne-streak ebonakala ngokusobala, futhi umzimba wonke umbozwe ngamaphethini ayinqaba afana nokubhala okungaqondakali. Kuholela kwendlela yokuphila yobusuku, ezinwazayo ukuphuma nokuzingela nokushona kwelanga. Propagate ngokubeka amaqanda. Ku-clutch eyodwa kungaqhamuka amaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuba yi-100.
Phakathi kwezitha zakhe eziphambili, ngaphandle komuntu, kukhona izingwenya zaseNayile namabhubesi. Ama-Hyenas nezinkozi zezintaba nazo ziyingozi kuzo.
Kunzima ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi inyoka enhle kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngoba uhlu lwethu ngalunye lwe-topcafe lunobuhle bayo nobumsuka bayo.Kodwa, njengoba umlobi odumile waseRussia uNikolai Leskov akubeka, inyoka enhle kunazo zonke isahlala inyoka. Kepha embuzweni wokuthi kungani inyoka iphupha, noma iyiphi incwadi yamaphupho izophendula lokho kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lobubi. Abahleli beTopCafe bakubuza ukuthi ubhale emazwini ukuthi iziphi izinyoka ezinhle ozithandayo ngaphezulu? Mhlawumbe siphuthelwe othile ngokungafaki ohlwini lwethu?
Sincoma kakhulu ukuthi ubukele le vidiyo:
Kulokhu sithi kini! Ngikufisela inhlanhla!
29.05.2017
Inyoka ye-Lizard (lat.Malpolon monspessulanus) - isilwanyana esidliwayo esinobuthi, esibonakaliswa ubudlova, ijubane lokuhamba nomlutha wokudla izidalwa ezihuquzelayo.
Ingadla kalula enye inyoka enobukhulu obufanayo noma ibhusha elikhulu elinamehlo. Ukulunywa kwakhe kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, kepha akubi yingozi kubantu, ngakho-ke, emazweni aseMaghreb, abaculi benyoka abaqeqeshiwe bazimisele ukusebenzisana naye.
Isikhathi eside, lolu hlobo lwaluhlanganiswa yi-Alvele, futhi kamuva ne-Aspids. Ngo-2007, ngenxa yocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo, wabelwa i-Psammophiinae engaphansi komndeni waseLamprophiidae. Kungenzeka ukuthi wasuka ezwenikazi lase-Afrika waya ezwekazini laseYurophu eminyakeni engama-90-168 edlule.
Ukubhebhetheka
Kunezindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi: Malpolon monspessulanus kanye Malpolon insignitus. Esokuqala sisatshalaliswa e-Iberian Peninsula, eningizimu yeFrance nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika, kanti eyesibili ezindaweni ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeMedithera kuze kube seBalkan, eCaucasus naseMiddle East. Abanye abantu bahlala eziqhingini ezithile zaseMedithera.
Inyoka ihlala endaweni eyomile futhi efudumele. Ilungiselela indawo enamadwala emaphethelweni ezikhala eziluhlaza. Izindawo zokuhlala eziseduzane zikhetha izindlu ezindala ezidilikile kanye nezakhiwo zamapulazi. Itholakala ezindaweni ezinentaba ngamamitha afinyelela ku-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenyoka yesilozi.
Inyoka yamazimba inobude bomzimba ofinyelela kumamitha amabili, ingxenye yesithathu iwela emsileni. Ikhanda elingaphezulu lihlukaniswa indawo eyenziwe nge-concave futhi idlule kahle emzimbeni. Ingaphambili lekhanda kusuka emakhaleni liya emehlweni linesimo esikhomba futhi esiphakamise kancane. Amehlo makhulu, enomfundi omiswe mpo. Avuka ekhanda, enikeza inyoka ukubukeka okuhlekisayo. Izikali eziyi-17 noma eziyi-19 ezidwetshiwe zidlula emzimbeni.
Inyoka ye-Lizard (Malpolon monspessulanus)
Umzimba ongaphezulu upendwe ngombala omnqumo omnyama kuthoni elinsundu. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlukile ngemithunzi yesikhumba. Abesilisa banombala ogqamile ophuzi obomvu ngaphambili, emuva ngimpunga. Isisu siphuzi. Endaweni yomphimbo, izingxenye zephathini ende zihlukaniswa. Abesifazane banemivimbo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonelela eceleni komzimba.
Abantu abasha - ngombala ogqamile futhi ogqamile, lapho kugcwele khona imibala e-brownish noma i-grey brown.
Indlela yokuphila
Izinyoka ze-Lizard ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sosuku kuze kuhlwe. Ekuseni bahlala emadwaleni isikhathi eside bese kuphela abazingela.
Abesilisa bavikela ngentshiseko imingcele yezindawo abazizingelayo futhi bazimake ngemfihlo esobala ekhiqizwa ezindongeni zamakhaza.
Owesifazane ukulungele ukuvuthwa kugcoba ngama-scals akhe dorsal. Ngenxa yephunga lawo, lingaba khona ngokuphepha enkampanini yabanenhliziyo yalo ehlushwa yi-cannibalism. Uzovikela kakhulu othandekayo kunoma yikuphi ukwehla okuvela kulo mncintiswano aze amlethele inyamazane ebanjiwe, uma kunesidingo.
Ama-bachelor angenamahloni abheke phambili ekufeni kowesilisa ovelele ukuze athathe indawo yakhe masinyane. Ngaphambi komhlangano wokuqala nomfelokazi ongenakunqotshwa, bafakwa ngobuqili ngemfihlo yomlingani wabo oshonile eBose. Esikhathini esizayo, bamjwayela ngokushesha iphunga labo.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziqikelela kakhulu futhi zizama ukugwema noma iyiphi ingozi. Basabela ngokubonakala komuntu kude le-30-40 m bese bezama ngokushesha ukucasha. Babuye bagweme abantu bezinye izizwe ngoba besaba ukuthi bazodliwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi esizukulwaneni esisha.
Umsoco
Ukudla kubanzi impela. Ngaphandle kwezimbungulu, kudliwa ezinye izinyoka, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi ama-brood akhiwe emhlabathini noma emigodini yezihlahla ezimfishane.
Izinyoka ezincane zidla ngentshiseko ezinambuzaneni ezinkulu, kuyilapho abantu asebekhulile bebamba futhi beqaqa inyamazane. Ngeminyakazo yokuhlafuna, bayicindezela kunamathisele emazinyweni asemuva, lapho kutholakala khona amachaphaza anobuthi. Ngalesi sizathu, inyamazane ivame ukugwinywa isaphila, futhi ingabulawa yibuthi.
Ukuluma owomile ezimweni eziningi akuyona ingozi futhi kudlula ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphawuliwe.
Uma ubuthi bungena esilondeni, kubuhlungu kuma-lymph node, isisu elingaphezulu kanye nesifuba, kwehle ijwabu leso elingaphezulu, ukugwinya kobunzima, kanye nezinkinga ku-system mkuu wezinzwa kungenzeka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhamba zodwa. Kodwa-ke, kunconyelwa ukuthi ubonane nodokotela emahoreni angama-24 okuqala ngemuva kokuluma.
Ekuzingeleni, inyamazane ithembela cishe ngokuphelele embonweni futhi ifinyelela ekuhambeni kwezinto. Ngesikhathi sokudla okungenampilo, kungadla u-carrion.
Indawo yenyoka yezinhlungu.
Inyoka yamazulu ihlala ezindaweni ezomile. Ihlala ezindaweni ezomile zesitebhisi ngamathanga omhlonyane nezinhlamvu. Ihlala ogwadule olunobumba, isihlabathi nomhlabathi onamadwala, kanye nasehlathini elikhanyayo. Kuvela ezimfundeni ezingamanzi ezikhukhula, emadlelweni, ezivinini, nasemasimini kakotini. Kwenzeka emahlathini anemiqhele ephansi yezihlahla, ezindundwini ezisogwini, ezindaweni ezihlwanyelwe. Izingela ngasogwini lwamisele yemisele yokunisela, ifika ezingadini, ikhuphuke isuka ku-1.5 iye ku-2.16 km ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle ezindaweni ezinentaba.
Ukuzala
Isizini yokuzalela iqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Ubungako bokukhamba bususelwa kwezempilo nobudala bawo. Kwenzeka kusuka emaqanda ama-4 kuye kwangama-20. Ubumbeko bukhona enhlabathini enomswakama, amaqabunga awile noma imifantu ezindongeni.
Izinyoka ezincane zidonsa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izingane zilungele ngokuphelele ukuba khona okuzimele. Abazali abakhombisi ukukhathazeka ngenzalo yabo.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bungamasentimitha angama-130-150, kanti izinsikazi ziyi-90-110 cm.Ozinye izifaniso zikhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2. Umsila unama-40-55 cm.Ikhanda lingunxantathu. Ubuso buyindilinga. Engxenyeni yayo ephezulu, ukudana okufana nomkhombe kuyabonakala. Amehlo makhulu, anabafundi abayindilinga. Izici zokukhombisa izimpawu zitholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo.
Umbala umnqumo omnyama, obomvu, onsundu noma umbala ohlaza okotshani ngokuya ngemvelo. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, bumpunga noma bumnyama. Imigqa enamachashazi aphuzi isuka ezinhlangothini zombili ezizungeze isisu. Isisu siphuzi. Abesifazane emzimbeni bangaba namabala amnyama.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwenyoka yezinyosi endle cishe siyiminyaka eyi-15.
Izici zokuziphatha kwenyoka yesilozi.
Inyoka yesilozi iyisilwane esiphilayo sasemini futhi isebenza kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba. Entwasahlobo isebenza kakhulu ntambama, esikhathini sasehlobo kanye nokuqala kokushisa ukushintshela emsebenzini wethusi. Imvamisa ehektheleni elilodwa ungathola abantu abangaba yishumi ezindaweni zokuhlala zaphakade zezinhlobo.
Lapho impilo isongela, inyoka yezinyoka ibaleka izame ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela eseduze, emgodini we-squirrel noma i-gerbil, ingene phakathi kwemifantu noma ngaphansi kwamatshe. Ezindaweni ezifanayo ezigcinwe ekushiseni kosuku. Uma engenaso isikhathi sokucasha ngesikhathi, uzwakala ngezwi elikhulu, anciphisa umzimba bese ejaha ngasohlangothini kude nemitha eyi-1. Eqhutshwe ekhoneni eliseceleni, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukubalekela khona, uphakamisa isidumbu phezulu njengesigaxa ukwethusa umhlaseli abese esihlasela.
Izici zokuziphatha kwenyoka yesilozi
Inyoka yamazinyo ibulala ukuluma okuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuzivikela, ubuthi bayo abuthathwa njengobuthi ngokweqile, futhi inyoka uqobo lwayo ayinangozi kubantu. Amacala asendaweni eyodwa ayaziwa ngenkathi izisulu zilunywa yinyoka yesiphukuphuku, futhi nalapho bekhipha ubuwula, lapho abantu abangenalwazi bezama ukunamathisela iminwe yabo emlonyeni wenyoka.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwenyoka yesilozi.
Inyoka ye-Lizard iyizinhlobo ezivamile. Ngisho naphakathi kwezindawo eziguqulwe umsebenzi wesintu, abantu bakhona bahlala bezinzile, futhi amanani abo enyuka, kanti inani lezinye izinyoka ezihlala kulezo zimo liyancipha. Lolu hlobo lufakiwe esigabeni “sokungakhathaleli okuncane” ngoba lubanzi, lubekezelele ushintsho endaweni ezungezile, futhi lunokuphakama okuphelele. Ngoba inyoka ye-lizard cishe inganyamalala ngokushesha ukuze ifaneleke ukufakwa esigabeni esivikelekile. Kepha, njengezilwane eziningi, le nhlobo isongelwa ukusetshenziswa komnotho kwezindawo zokuhlala, lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu inani labantu.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwenyoka yesilozi
Encwadini ebomvu yaseRussia (eSithasiselweni), inyoka yesibungu iboniswa njengohlobo oludinga ukunikezwa ukunakwa okukhethekile futhi lubheke njalo isimo sabantu. Inyoka yamazimba ifakiwe naku-Appendix III ye-Berne Convention. Ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezivikelwe kulo lonke uhla, kuvikelwe, njengezinye izilwane. Lezi ezihuquzelayo zivame ukufela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto futhi zixoshwa ngabalimi abathatha izinyoka zezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi kubantu. Izinyoka eziyizinyoka zibanjwa ngabathandi bezinyoka ezizokhombisa abantu bendawo, nabo bathengiswa ngohlobo olomile njengezikhumbuzo.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ukubukeka
Inyoka Yezinyoka (Malpolon monspessulanus) - reptile enkulu ngokulingana kufika ku-180 cm, okuyi-40 kuye ku-55 cm okuwela emsileni. Isizalo sakhe siyindilinga ngaphambili, ubuso baso baphezulu bugobile, kanti imiphetho yezimehlo kusukela ekhaleni kuya esweni imisiwe futhi yaphakanyiswa. Le inyoka enomsipha enezikali ezibushelelezi namehlo amakhulu abonakala ngokusobala, lapho i-scaly hangst ilenga, iyashesha futhi inolaka. Imvamisa ingabonakala kalula ngosayizi wayo omkhulu, umbala we-monochrome kanye nesivinini. Imibala yezinyoka ezincane ibukeka ihlukahluka ngenxa yokuqhathaniswa kwamabala amnyama emuva kanye nesisu sesisu ngemiphetho ephuzi noma emhlophe yezikali ngazinye, kepha njengoba iminyaka yobudala lezi zindawo zomzimba iyanyamalala, futhi umbala wezinyoka ezinkulu kuno-70 cm uba-monophonic. Emadodeni avuthiwe, umbala ongaphambili kwesiqu, phezulu kwekhanda uluhlaza okotshani, futhi wonke umhlaba osele uphelele ngombala. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral luphuzi obuphuzi, iphethini ende noma iziqeshana zayo zigcinwa emphinjeni. Izinsikazi zigcina imicu emide yobude obude ezinhlangothini zesibambo kanye nephethini ende ende esiswini.
Ubusika nokuzalela
Inyoka yesibungu iyahamba iyodla ubusika ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, futhi iyishiya maphakathi no-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukhuthele kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli, kuthi engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - Juni, izinsikazi zibekele amaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-20- 40 mm ubude. Izinyoka ezincane ezinobude bomzimba obungu-22-27 cm ziyavela engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi.
