IGunther Dikdik yizinhlobo ezingapheli zezindawo ezomileyo zaseSomalia zaseMpumalanga Afrika. Zitholakala eSomalia (ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga nasenyakatho nentshonalanga, kanye nomngcele osogwini ophakathi nendawo), ezindaweni ezisempumalanga neziseningizimu ne-Ethiopia, enyakatho nasempumalanga yeKenya, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Uganda kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSudan.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-dikdik Gunther iboniswa yi-shrub yemifino ephansi. Zigwema uhlaza obukhulu, obukhulu futhi obude, okwenza kube nzima ukubuyekeza indawo ezungezile nokuhamba. Izindawo zokuhlala ezithandwayo zifaka phakathi imiphakathi eyomile neyomile eyi-sparse shrub, amahlathi e-savannah meadow kanye namahlathi emifula. Inani labo likhulu ezindaweni ezisetshenziselwa ukhula noma olunemifino ephazamisekile (yesibili), yingakho zinika ngokugcwele i-dikdik Gunther ngokudla endaweni efinyelelekayo yazo. Kuthandwa imigwaqo kanye nokwenza kabusha (izihlahla) ezindlini ezindala. Indawo yokuhlala isukela ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi enesihlabathi kuya emagqumeni amatshe aphansi.
I-dickdick kaGunther inesisindo somzimba esingu-3 kuya ku-5 kg, isilinganiso esingu-4 kg. I-dickdick kaGunther - izilwane ezincane, ezinciphile ezinentamo ende kanye nekhanda elincane. Umhlane wabo, njengomthetho, utholakala ezingeni elifanayo noma eliphakeme kunamahlombe. Izinwele zabo zithambile, ngombala kusuka kumpunga ophuzi okuphuzi ngokubomvu ohlangothini olu-dorsal futhi kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokwempunga ohlangothini lwe-ventral. Zinomsila omfishane (3 kuya ku-5 cm ubude), ezinobunono ohlangothini lwaphezulu lwenkohliso futhi zingenacala elingaphansi lesisu. Abesilisa banezimpondo ezimfishane ezimnyama ezifika ku-9-10 cm ubude futhi ziqondile noma zigaxe kancane emuva. Kwesinye isikhathi zifihlwe emgodini wezinwele ebunzini. Amehlo abo makhulu futhi amnyama. Izinkophe nezindlala ze-preorbital nazo zimnyama. Izindlebe zikaDikdik zikhulu futhi zimhlophe ngaphakathi. Imilenze kaDikdik Gunther imincane futhi yinde, inezinselo ezimnyama. Njengoba izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zingenazo izimpondo, i-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala nge-dikdik Gunther. Bobabili ubulili banezinhlanganisela zezinwele, kepha ukwakheka kwabesilisa kuvame ukugqama futhi kukhulu.
Enye into ehlukanisayo ye-dikdik Gunther ihlumela labo eliphakeme, elingahamba kuzo zonke izinkomba. I-dikdik kaGunther ingahlukaniswa yohlobo olufanayo, i-dikdik ejwayelekile, ngamakhala abo amakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuthi ikhala labo liyithuluzi elenzelana kakhulu. Igazi le-arterial liqondiswa kabusha kulolwesihlungwini, futhi ngenqubo yokuhwamuka, selupholile. Izingibe zikaDikdik Gunther nazo zinezici ezihlukanayo. Ama-nuclei wophondo atholakala ngemuva kwe-orbit yabesilisa. Amathambo e-intermaxillary mncane ngaphambili, bese andiswa kancane. Amathambo emakhaleni amafushane futhi abanzi.
Ezikhathini zesifazane i-dikdee Gunther, inani lezinsuku zokubeletha lisuka kwelilodwa liya kwayisikhombisa, isilinganiso esingu-1.48. Izinsuku azixhomekeki esikhathini esithile sonyaka futhi zigcinwa unyaka wonke. Izinsikazi ngesikhathi sokuzala zithatha isikhundla esikhethekile se-dorsal esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Lordosis. I-Gon iphinde iboniswe yi-metabolite ephansi yomchamo we-progesterone ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kwe-estrus. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvame ukuhlala ezinsukwini ezingama-170 kuya kwezingu-180, kuthi emva kwalokho insikazi izale ithole elilodwa. Njengomthetho, zizala kabili ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ikhanda livela kuqala, futhi imilenze yangaphambili ilele emzimbeni bese iqondiswa emuva. Lokhu kwehlukanisa ukuzala kwabo kwengane ukuzalwa phakathi kwezinye izinto zokukhanya. I-Postpartum estrus ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyishumi ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngakho-ke ukukhula komzimba nokuzala kwengane kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye sonyaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-dikdik Gunther yowesifazane yayikhulelwe isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, kufaka phakathi lapho yayithole ithole. Amathole amaduna ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuvame ukuba nesisindo esingama-725 no-782 amagremu, kanti izinsikazi zinesisindo esiphakathi kwama-560 no-680 amagremu. Abesifazane banakekela ubusha izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine. Ithole, nokho, lingaqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile cishe isonto ngemuva kokuzala.
Emavikini amabili kuya amathathu amathathu emva kokuzalwa, amathole ahola indlela yokuphila ecashile. Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, umama udliwa ngokuzalwa bese insikazi ihlala nengane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. Imvama imshiya isikhathi esifushane ukuze ayondle, kepha ngokushesha lezi zikhathi ezimfushane ziba zinde. Ekugcineni, iddek yesifazane ihambela insikazi izikhathi ezine ngosuku, ekuphumeni kwelanga, ntambama, kusihlwa nasekushoneni kwelanga. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kwesikhathi sokugcina imfihlo, amaddi amancane ahamba nabazali bobabili. Ubaba akabambi iqhaza ekunikezeni abantu abasha ukudla, kepha, noma kunjalo, ukhombisa ubudlelwane babazali.
Izingane zithintana nonina besebenzisa izikhalo zokucela usizo. Lapho kuvela umama eduzane, umntwana ushiya indawo yakhe yokuhlala. Amathole athule phakathi nosuku, kepha angahlaba ikhwela ebusuku. Umbala wama-dikdiks amancane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ufana nowabantu abadala. Izindlebe, impumulo nemilenze kukhule kahle. Esimweni samasonto ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye, kuvela izimpondo, yize ekuqaleni i-crest ifihla. Izimpondo zifinyelela usayizi ogcwele eneminyaka emibili.
UDikdik Gunther uhlala endaweni yakhe nezilwane ezingafinyelela kwabathathu: umbhangqwana osekhulile nethanga elilodwa elingafakwanga. Amajaha ajwayele ukuxoshwa ngemuva kohlobo lokuqala lowesifazane ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane entsha. Lo mjaho uthatha izinsuku ezimbili kanti phakathi nokuziphatha kwawo owesilisa uba nolaka. Kwesinye isikhathi ngababili bayabonana. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngokwehlukana, ngoba imibhangqwana ayihlali ihlala ndawonye. Uma omunye wabashadikazi eshiya noma efa, omunye ngokushesha angajoyina isilwane esisele. Imingcele yendawo inqunywa izinqwaba zomquba, ezingaba amasentimitha ayi-12 ubukhulu, ezishiywe yizilwane zabantu abadala. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenzeka kube ngesinye sezenzo zokuqala ekumemezeleni imingcele yensimu. Bobabili ubulili babonisa le ndlela yokuziphatha, kepha abesilisa bavame ukwenza lokhu kaningi kunabesifazane. Abesilisa baqala phansi ngezinselo zabo, bayachama futhi banciphise. Abesilisa balandela izinsikazi, kuthi lapho bephambuka, bavuleke zichame endaweni eyodwa.
Izindawo ezijabulisa i-orbital gland nazo zisetshenziswa yi-dikdik ukuqamba izindawo. Enye indlela yokuthola insimu yizwi. Abesilisa bavame ukwenza umsindo ozwakala lapho uphazamiseka. Ukuhlasela kwezihambi endaweni yabo kuyimbangela yemisindo ekhalayo ezwakala njengo “ZIK-ZIK” noma “dik-dik”, yingakho igama lalezi zilwane. Le misindo ikhuthaza ukuhlangana komndeni. Abesilisa nabo baqala iziqu zemithi ngezimpondo zabo ukumaka indawo. Owesilisa kuphela ovikela indawo futhi akhombise indlela yokuziphatha lapho owesimame eshayela. Ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa ngaphezulu kwendawo, njengomthetho, kungokomfanekiso futhi kuyaqabukela. Ngenxa yomhlangano, noma ngabe owesilisa oyedwa ubaleka ngokushesha noma bagxumela ezimotweni, kulandela umcimbi.
Ama-dikkid kaGunther ayizilwane ezinamahloni nezesabekayo ezifuna indawo yokukhosela ngisho nokukhathazeka okuncane. Babheka izixhaxha zezimila, bese bezikhahlela ngqo emhlabathini. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zazo ngama-hyenas, izingwe, izingulule, ama-caracals namanye amakati, izimpungushe, izimfene, okhozi kanye nemidlwane. Baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngohlobo lomhlaseli. Isibonelo, uma ingwe iseduzane, bayokhala. Uma kuphakama i-hyena, imvamisa bayayibheka nje. Ukuvikelwa kwabo kufaka umbono wabo oyingqayizivele, ukuqaphela nesivinini, nolwazi lwendawo yabo.
Ukwenza inkambiso yama-dick dick kuhlukile. Ekuqaleni, insikazi yehlisa ukunyakaza kwayo futhi ibonakale ikhexile. Ubamba ikhala lakhe njengoba edlula emadodeni. Ngezikhathi ezithile uzobonisa amadoda ibala lezinwele ezimpunga ethangeni lakhe futhi athulule umsila wakhe kancane. Abesilisa bazogxila endaweni yakhe yobuso, ikakhulukazi i-infraorbital gland.
I-dikkiki kaGunther's isebenza kakhulu ebusuku nakusihlwa. Bahlala besebenza kuze kube yi-3 ekuseni, bese kuthi ngaphambi kokusa.
Isidina sikaGunther sikhetha kakhulu ekudleni okunempilo. Izinto zokudla zihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi, njengomthetho, zibonakaliswa ngenani eliphakeme lokudla okunempilo. Zidla engxenyeni ngayinye yezitshalo, kufaka phakathi amaqabunga nezimbali zamakhambi, amaqabunga, isiqu, izimbali, izithelo, imbewu, imidumba yezihlahla nezihlahla. Amakhambi akha ingxenye encane yokudla kwawo (ngaphandle kwezimbali nembewu), yize kwesinye isikhathi ehlafuna amakhambi amasha. Ama-dikkid kaGunther awagxili lapho edla isitshalo esisodwa. Zijwayelwa nezimo ezomile futhi zidla ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezicebile ngamaprotheni, kanye nama-xuleythi amaningi we-xerophytic. Ngenye indlela, kwesinye isikhathi ziyazulazula futhi bakhethe ukuphakelwa okukodwa kokususwa kwezimila. Ukwakheka kokudla kwabo kuyahluka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezilandelayo phakathi nenkathi eyomile: Acacia pennata, Combretum, Fagara merkeri, Grewia, Harrisonia abyssinica neTamarindus Indica. Esikhathini semvula, ukudla kwabo kufaka i-acacia Senegal, Commiphora schimperi, inkazimulo yasekuseni kanye noLeonotis nepetifola. Baphinde babonwa bedla izitshalo nezingadi. Amanzi atholakala kwiziphuzo zemifino namazolo. Bangakwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwamanzi okuphuza. UDikkidi kaGunther uvame ukuzondla eduze nomhlabathi futhi aklebhule ukudla ngolimi lwakhe nangezindebe eziphakeme. Futhi banamadivaysi athile akhethekile abavumela ukuthi bakhiphe amaqabunga amancane azungezwe ameva futhi bathola ukudla ezindaweni ezingalungele abanye abangathandeki. Lawa madivaysi afaka i-proboscis ende, isizalo esishubile nolimi nomzimba omncane. Basebenzisa imilenze yabo yangaphambili endaweni yokugqekeza ukuze babambe amagatsha ukuze bathole ukudla kubo. Kwezinye izimo, izinselo noma izimpondo zisetshenziselwa ukumba izimpande ezinomsoco. Badla izinsalela zokudla kophimbo, izinduku nezinyoni. Lezi zilwane, njengomthetho, ziphonsa amakhamba, ama-buds, amaqabunga nezimbali phansi emthini, zizishiya zifinyeleleka nge-dikdik. UDikdi Gunther uvame ukondla kusuka kokusa kuze kube phakathi kwamabili, bese kuthi kusuka phakathi nosuku kuze kube mnyama.
Ama-gunther dikdi ayizilwane ezibalulekile zokuzingela. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s, kwakathengiswa okwegobho kwamanye amazwe, futhi isibalo sawo sasingamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Njengamanje azingelwa ngokusemthethweni nangaphandle kwemthetho. Izikhumba zazo zisetshenziselwa ama-karosses futhi zithengiswa njengo "Gazelle lesikhumba" wokwenza amagilavu. Kudingeka okungenani izikhumba ezimbili zokwenza i-gloves eyodwa. Izingxenye zomzimba zingumthombo wezinto ezibalulekile zamaprotheni.
UDick Gunter ubukeka emnyama esikhathini esifushane ngoshintsho lwezemvelo ezitshalweni ezibangelwa ukukhula komuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, basinda naphezu kokucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwezindawo zaseSomalia. Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela ngokweqile kungaba yinkinga. Abantu babazingela ngokunganqikazi, ngoba kwakulula ukubabulala ngosizo lwabantu abahlukahlukene, futhi isibalo sabo sehla ngenxa yokuzingela ezindaweni zokuhlala. Njengamanje, inani labantu lingaphezu kwe-100,000. Kunethuba lengozi yesikhathi esizayo, njengoba kunezindawo ezingaphansi kwezintathu ezinezilwane ezingama-5,000 kuzo.
Ukuziphatha Kanye Nokuzala
AmaDikdiqs ajwayele ukusebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa. Emini, dikdi zicashe emahlathini aminyene ezihlahleni. Ama-Dikdiqs kuphela ama-herbivores ahlangana ne-herbivores Kudu namadube. Isidleke sidliwa ikakhulukazi yizimila endaweni ephakeme yemitha ukusuka emhlabathini nangaphezulu, amadube aqonde ngqo emazingeni aphansi, futhi okusalayo ngemuva kokuba iqhude namadube aya emigodini.
AmaDikdiki ayizilwane ezithandekayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bahambisana nezinsikazi cishe njalo, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana - okungama-63% esikhathi. Imibhangqwana ihlala ndawonye impilo yazo yonke, futhi ivikele indawo yayo ekuhlaselweni ngamanye ama-dikds. Indawo ephakathi nendawo yensimu yababili be-dikdik Kirk yile: ezindaweni zabantu baseKenya 2.4 ± 0.8 ha, ezindaweni zabantu baseNamibia 3.5 ± 0.3 ha. Owesilisa nowesifazane babeka imingcele yendawo ngezinqwaba zomquba futhi ngokushesha baxosha abafokazi abahlaselayo. Ama-dikdik abesifazane, njengomthetho, makhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa, kodwa ngokungangabazeki abesilisa babusa impilo yomndeni (hhayi okungenani ngenxa yezimpondo zabo ezincane kodwa ezibukhali, abesifazane abantula zona).
Impilo yomndeni neyenhlalo yama-dikdiks ifundwe kancane. Ngokusho kocwaningo lofuzo olushicilelwe ngonyaka we-1997 ngabakwaNamibia nabaseKenya baseKirk, "izindaba zangaphandle" emiphakathini ye-dikds azivamile kakhulu (akutholakalanga neyodwa inja etholwe ngumfokazi). Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa "ukusuka ohlangothini" bazama ukungena phakathi kwabesifazane "abafokazi", kepha ngokuvamile lokho kuhlasela akupheli akulutho - abanikazi besilisa bensimu bahlasela abafokazi, kanti izintokazi zizama ukucasha ngesikhathi sokulwa. Ngokusho kukaBrazilerton et al., Abesilisa bakwaDikdik bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuvikela abesifazane babo kunokuba nempumelelo yabo eseceleni. Abesifazane ngokuvamile abayithandi izinto zangaphandle (yize bethandeka ukugcina ukwahlukahluka kofuzo kubantu). Male dikdik Kirk nawo athambekele kulaka lokulwa nabesifazane bawo. Uma idlanzana lemigwaqo lizulazula ngale kwemingcele yensimu yalo, owesilisa “osindile” ushayela kuqala “ikhaya” lowesifazane. Okunye ukuqubuka "kwemibukiso yemindeni" ngaphakathi insimu yabo ingachazwa ngokuncintisana ngezinsizakusebenza zokudla okuncane, kepha eziningi zibonakala zingenangqondo futhi zingenayo incazelo enengqondo.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka kabili ngonyaka, kuhambisana nesikhathi sokondla usana (ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-6). Abesilisa empeleni abahlanganyeli ekuvikelweni nasekhulisweni kwamawundlu. Cishe isigamu sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyafa emasontweni okuqala. Lapho ama-dikkids amancane efika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa, abazali babaphoqa ukuba baphume endaweni yabo (abesifazane bashayela amadodakazi abo, abesilisa bashayela amadodana abo). Abesifazane bafika ebuntwaneni ngezinyanga eziyisithupha, abesilisa bezinyanga eziyi-12.
Umnotho
AbaseYurophu bokuqala ukuchaza amaDikdik ngekhulu le-18 kwakunguBuffon noBruce. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwencwadi kaBruce de Blanville, ushicilele incazelo yokuqala yesayensi ye-dikdik ngaphansi kwegama I-Antilope saltiana. Ngo-1816, incazelo ka-de Blanville yaqoshwa kabusha yiDesare, okuvame ukuthiwa iyisincazelo sencazelo yamaDikdiks. Ngo-1837, kwaqokwa uWilliam Ogilby (1808-1873) A. saltiana kuhlobo oluhlukile, Madoqua. Ngo-1905, u-O. Neumann wachaza uhlobo olwehlukile I-Rhynchotragusokwathi ngokulandelayo yanamathiselwa Madoqua. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX ne-XX, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zachazwa Madoquakodwa ngokwe-ITIS kanye ne-Wilson & Reeder (2001) handbook, amane kuphela aqinisekile:
- iqembu saltiana noma empeleni Madoqua:
- Madoqua saltiana (de Blainville, 1816), Mountain dikdik - uhlobo lokuqala oluchazwe ngokwesayensi. Kwezincwadi, ukuqanjwa kwencazelo kungabangelwa i-Demare (1816), kodwa-ke, uDesare ngokwakhe wakubheka ukubaluleka nokubhala kuka-de Blanville. Ukutshekiswa nokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane kuchazwe kaninginingi. Uhlobo lokuqonda kwanamuhla luhlala e-Djibouti, e-Eritrea, enyakatho ye-Ethiopia, enyakatho yeSudan kanye naseSomalia.
- Madoqua piacentinii (UDrake-Brockman 1911), uSomali dikd. Ihlala empumalanga yeSomalia. Lolu uhlobo lwe-dikdik olungaziwa kakhulu abasengozini IUCN.
- iqembu I-Rhynchotragus (kanye nohlobo oluhlukile) noma kirkii:
- Madoqua guentherii (Thomas, 1894), ukubizela kukaGunther. Izithonjana - M. smithii (Thomas, 1901), M. hodsonii (Pocock, 1926), M. nasoguttatus (Lonnberg, 1907), M. Wenze (UDrake-Brockman, 1909). Ihlala eTopiya, eSomalia, enyakatho yeKenya nasenyakatho ye-Uganda.
- Madoqua kirkii (UGuenther, 1880), i-dikdik ejwayelekile. Izinhlobo ngomqondo wesimanjemanje zithathe izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezazikade zizimele ezichazwe ngonyaka we-1880-1913. Ucwaningo lofuzo olusukela kuma-1990s lubonisa ukuthi mhlawumbe M. kirkii kumele ihlukaniswe futhi ibe yizinhlobo ezintathu - M. kirkiisensu stricto, M. bakondishii futhi UM. Uharibifu. Uhlobo lwesine oluvikelwe ngofuzo, M. thomasi, kungaba yizinhlobo ezizimele kanye nesibalo sabantu UM.i-elimrensis (idatha enganele).
18.06.2019
I-dikdik ejwayelekile (lat. Madoqua kirkii) ingeyomndeni wakwaBovidae. Le ndondo encane ibhebhethekile eMpumalanga Afrika futhi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esimisweni semvelo sendawo. Ungomunye wemalulope amancane kakhulu ase-Afrika kanye nomthombo oyinhloko wokudla wezinyoni eziningi zezinyamazane nezilwane ezincelisayo.
Inyama yayo iyadliwa futhi idliwa ngabantu bendawo, noma kunjalo, bayayidla ngenxa yesikhumba esibucayi. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza igilavu. Kulelo gilavu elilodwa kuya kwesikhumba sezilwane ezimbili.
Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1880 yisazi sezilwane saseJalimane u-Albert Karl Gotgelf Gunther.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokuhlala itholakala eMpumalanga naseCentral Africa. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-dikdik ahlala eKenya, Tanzania, Angola, Namibia naseningizimu yeSomalia.
Izilwane zihlala otshanini obomile obomile notshani, nangaphandle kwamahlathi. Zigwema ama-savannah omile anezitshalo ezingezinhle. Izithambo zeDikdik zithanda ukucasha emahlahleni anameva ahamba kusihlwa kusihlwa phakathi nosuku.
Isamba sonke silinganiselwa kubantu abadala abayizinkulungwane ezingama-970.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-dikdi ajwayelekile aqaphela kakhulu futhi anamahloni. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi endaweni yokukhosela futhi bahlala beya kokondla ngemizila efanayo efakazelwe. Bakhe kahle umbono nokuzwa kahle, okubenza babone ukusondela komphangi kude.
Ngengozi encane, bayabaleka, benze i-zigzag jumps futhi bathuthukise isivinini esingaphezu kuka-40 km / h.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, umsebenzi uvela ebusuku, nesimo sezulu semvula emini. Izilwane zakha imikhaya eyindoda eyodwa. Abesilisa bavikela indawo yabo yasekhaya ekuhlaselweni ngabantu abangabazi futhi baphawule kakhulu imingcele yayo ngomchamo, izindunduma kanye nokuqhekeka kwezindlala ezinephunga elimnandi. Imvamisa abazibandakanyi ekulweni okuvulekile, baziqinisa ekuboniseni izinhloso zabo zokulutha. Ukudideka kuvezwa ukunikina kwekhanda ngesigqi.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo ingwe, izimpungushe, amachimpane nemfene. I-dikdik antelope imvamisa inyamazane yezinkozi kanye nama-pythons.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla singamaqabunga ezihlahlana nezihlahla ezibunjiwe. Ngaphezu kwazo, izitshalo ze-sedge nezommbila zidliwe ngenkuthalo. Le artiodactyl igwema ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwemicu yezitshalo.
I-dikdik iyaphuma iyofuna ukudla kuphela lapho kungekho zidli zezilwane eduze. Akavamile ukuya endaweni yokunisela. Isidalwa esinganambitheki saneliswa amazolo asekuseni kanye nomswakama otholakala ekudleni. Idla ngentokozo izithelo ezivuthiwe eziwe emithini iye emhlabathini.
Ukuzala
Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kubantu besifazane kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuya kweziyi-6, futhi emadodeni anonyaka owodwa ubudala. Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili bakha imibhangqwana futhi bahlala endaweni engamahektare amahlanu kuya kwangama-30.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-170. Owesifazane uletha iwundlu elilodwa elinesisindo esingu-560-680 g. Umondla ngobisi amasonto angama-6-7.
Ezinyangeni eziyi-7, izingane zifinyelela usayizi wezilwane ezindala futhi ziyaxoshwa ngabazali bazo emazweni abo. Owesifazane uyakwazi ukubeletha amahlandla ama-2 ngonyaka. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ngaphansi kwengxenye yabantu abasha kuphila.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-55-77, umsila ungama-4-6 cm.Ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona ngamasentimitha angama-35- 465. Isisindo somzimba singama-2700-6000 g. Ingxenye ye-ventral inokhilimu noma imhlophe.
Abesilisa banezimpondo ezincane cishe ezimbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele. Ubovu olusekhanda bude kunalo wonke umzimba. Imilenze yakho emincane igcina ngezinselo ezincane.
Ikhanda lincane futhi liqonde phambili. Isiphuzo esidlulile sikhonze ukupholisa umzimba. Igazi ligeleza emithanjeni yensimbi yamakhala futhi liphole ngenxa yentuthu.
Isikhathi sokuphila endle akuvamile ukuba sidlule iminyaka emi-3. Ekudingisweni, i-dikdik ejwayelekile ihlala iminyaka eyi-10.
I-Dikdee Gunther Habitats
Lawa makhambi ahlala ezindaweni ezinezimila eziphansi ezinotshani, agwema utshani obude futhi obukhulu, ngoba kwehlisa ukubonakala, bese kuba nzima kakhulu ukuzungeza. Zihlala ezindaweni ezomile nezomile lapho kukhula khona izihlahlana ezinamagobolondo. Ziphinde zitholakale emahlathini nasezindaweni zemifula.
UDickdick Gunther (Madoqua guentheri).
Inani le-dikdik Gunther liphezulu kulezo zindawo ezisetshenziselwa amadlelo nalapho kuphakanyiswa khona imifino, lezo zindawo zibahlinzeka ngokugcwele ngokudla okudingekayo futhi zilungele bona.
Bathanda imigwaqo. IGunther dikdi ingaphila ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi enesihlabathi, nasemadwaleni aphansi.
Izici zokuphila kwe-dikdik Gunther
Isisindo somzimba se-dikdik Gunther ngama-3-5 kg. Lezi yizilwane ezincanyana nezithambile. Intamo yinde, ikhanda lincane. Ngemuva komzimba kuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwamahlombe.
Ama-Gunter's dikds anejazi elithambile, umbala ongasemuva uyahlukahluka kusuka obomvu-nsundu kuya ephuzi, kanti uhlangothi olucwengekile limpunga noma mhlophe. Umsila umfushane, awudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-5 ubude, ingxenye yawo engenhla imbozwe izinwele, futhi ingxenye engezansi inqunu.
I-dikkiki kaGunther zivame ukusebenza ekuseni nasekuseni, futhi phakathi nosuku zifihla emithangeni eminyene yezihlahla.
Abesilisa banezimpondo ezi-4 ezimfishane, cishe amasentimitha angama-9- 10 ubude. Izimpondo zingase ziqonde noma zigobeke kancane emuva. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpondo azibonakali ngemuva kwezimbobo zezinwele ebunzini. Amehlo makhulu, amnyama, izinkophe nazo zimnyama. Imilenze yinde futhi imfushane, igcina ngamahlosi amnyama.
UDikdik Gunther une-snout ende, futhi angahamba ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Gunther dikds, ngokungafani nama-dikds ajwayelekile, anamakhala amakhulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi izintokazi zikhulu futhi azinazo izimpondo. Kubo bobabili ubulili, amakhoma asuka ezinweleni, kepha emadodeni akhulu futhi aqhakazile.
Impilo yomndeni kaGunther's dikdy
Ama-dikkids kaGunther ahlala emaqenjini emindeni aqukethe umbhangqwana osekhulile nengane eyodwa engakazalwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane entsha, osemusha uxoshwa emndenini.
Lezi zilwane zikhombisa ukusebenza kwezwe futhi zimaka imingcele yendawo ngezinqwaba zomquba, bobabili ubulili buphawula imingcele, kepha abesifazane benza lokhu njalo. Abesilisa bashaya umhlabathi ngezinselo, bashiye indle bese bemaka umhlabathi ngomchamo. Abuye acwebe iziqu zemithi ngezimpondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-dikdiki asebenzisa imfihlo ye-orbital gland ukumaka insimu. Baphinde babike ukuthi le ndawo ihlala abantu, benza imisindo ekhalayo ezwakala njenge- “zasik dik”, yingakho igama lohlobo lwenzeka. Imisindo enjalo inikela ebunyeni bomndeni.
Abesifazane baseGunther dikdiks, njengomthetho, bakhudlwana kancane kunabesilisa, kodwa ngokungangabazeki balawula impilo yomndeni.
Indlela yokuphila kaGunther
Lezi zilwane zinamahloni kakhulu futhi ziyaqapha, nge-alamu encane, zizama ukuthola indawo yokukhosela. Bazingelwa izingwe, izimfene, okotini, izingulule, izimpungushe, uphondo, okhozi kanye nemfene.
Lapho ubhekene nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezidla ezinye, ama-Gunther's dikds aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ingwe iseduze, i-dikkd iqala ukushaya ikhwela, futhi uma i-hyena eseduze, i-dykdik iyibuke buthule. Amehlo akhethekile, ukunakwa, ijubane elihle nolwazi lwendawo yakhe kusiza ukuphunyula ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Bakhombisa umsebenzi ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku. Badla kuze kube yi-3 a.m, bese kuthi ngaphambi kokusa.
Ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu kwemvelo ehlala ezindaweni zaseSomalia, amaGunther dikkas akwazile ukusinda.
Ukudla kuka-Gunther dickdick
Ekudleni, lezi zilwane zikhetha impela. Badla kuphela ukudla okunempilo, badla izingxenye ezithile zezitshalo: iziqu, amaqabunga, izithelo, imbewu. Utshani buyingxenye encane yokudla. Bazondla ngezimila ezinothile ngamaprotheni. AmaDikdiki awagxili otshanini obubodwa, kepha khetha okuphakelayo okukodwa kusuka ku-assortment etholakalayo.
Ngezinkathi ezahlukahlukene, ukwakheka kokudla kwama-dikds kaGunther kuyashintsha. Imvamisa badla izitshalo ezingadini. Bathola amanzi kumajusi wezimila namazolo, ngakho-ke empilweni akudingeki bavakashele izindawo zokunisela.
Ukudla kukaGunther's dikdi, njengomthetho, eduze nomhlabathi, kudabula utshani ngomlomo wakhe nangolimi olungaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banamadivayisi akhethekile avumela ukuba bakhiphe amaqabunga ezitshalweni ezinama-prickly ezingeke zifinyelelwe: ezinye isizalo esincane, i-proboscis ephakeme, umzimba omncane nolimi oluncane. Bangakwazi ukuma ngemilenze yabo ingemuva, kuthi phambili babambelele emagatsheni ukuze bangene ezindleleni.
Ama-dikkids kaGunther ahlala e-Ethiopia, eSomalia, enyakatho yeKenya nasenyakatho ye-Uganda.
Ama-Gunther's dikds nawo athatha izimpande ezinempilo kusuka emhlabathini ngezimpondo noma ngamafosholo. Abazideleli izinsalela ezidliwayo zezinyoni nezinyoni.
Inani nokubaluleka kwamaGunther dikds
Ama-dikkid kaGunther abaluleke kakhulu ekuzingeleni. Ngo-1900s, izikhumba ze-dikdik zathengiswa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Namuhla, zombili ukuzingela okusemthethweni nokungekho emthethweni kwenziwa ku-Gunther dikds.
Amagilavu enziwe ngesikhumba sabo. Okungenani izikhumba ezi-2 ziyadingeka ukwenza umbhangqwana owodwa. Izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wama-dikdik zisetshenziswa njengomthombo wezinto zeprotein.
Ukuzingela okusebenzayo kwe-Gunter dikds kungaba yinkinga. Kulokhu, ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, inani labo lehlile kakhulu. Namuhla, kunabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamaGunther dikds. Kepha ngokuzayo kunengozi yokubhujiswa kwabantu.
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