Umhlaba wethu uhlalwa yizilwane ezihluke kakhulu futhi ezimangalisayo. Siyazi eziningi, kepha ezinye azijwayele kakhulu kithi, yize zingesihle kangako kunezilwane ezijwayelekile. Isilwane esisodwa esinjalo indri.

Ama-Indri angama-lemurs amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, akha uhlobo lwawo oluhlukile nomndeni wama-indriyas. Izinhlobo indri abanye. Zonke zihlukile ngokubukeka kwazo futhi zinezici eziningana ezihlukile.

Ukukhula kwabo kwehla kancane ngemitha, bangakhula bafinyelele kuma-90 cm, kepha umsila mncane kakhulu, ungama-5 cm kuphela, ngokungafani nama-lemurs. Isisindo sazo singasukela ku-6 kg kuye ku-10. Zinemilenze emikhulu ngemuva, futhi iminwe yazo itholakala njengasesandleni somuntu, enesithupha esihlukile, ukuze kube lula ukuhamba.

Ikhanda nangemuva kwayo yonke i-indri kumnyama, ijazi linokunethezeka, awugqinsi, awugqinsi, anamaphethini amhlophe namnyama. Kuliqiniso, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala ungaguqula ubukhulu bokuthi bube umbala ogcwele ngokwedlulele, omnyama uye okhanyayo. Kepha umsundu walesi silwane awumbozwa izinwele, kepha unombala omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama.

Lezi zilwane ezijabulisayo zingabonakala kuphela eMadagascar. Ama-lemurs azinze lapho ngokuphelele, i-indri nayo ithokomele kulesi siqhingi, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga.

Amahlathi ikakhulukazi athanda izilwane, lapho ngemuva kwezimvula umswakama ungashintshi ngokushesha, kepha ngenxa yemifino eminyene ihlala isikhathi eside. Umswakama unikeza impilo ezinhlobonhlobo zazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo kulawa mahlathi, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-indri. ICrested Indringokwesibonelo, inomsila omude. Uyakusebenzisa lapho ugxuma, lapho uhamba ngezihlahla nangamagatsha.

Izithombe Zenziwe Nge-Indri

Futhi umbala walezi zinhlobo ngandlela thile - i-indri e-crested icishe ibe mhlophe, inamamaki amnyama kuphela. Kulamamaki amnyama (ikakhulukazi esifubeni), izinsikazi zabesilisa zihlonishwa ngokukhethekile. Ososayensi baveze ukuthi amantombazane amancane ayathandana nabesifazane abathandana kakhulu nabesifazane abanamabele amabala amnyama.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesifazane nabesilisa babala indawo yabo. Kodwa-ke, uma izinsikazi zimaka impahla yazo ukuze kungabikho omunye umuntu ongena endaweni yazo, khona-ke abesilisa bamaka insimu ukuze bahehe insikazi. I-Tufted Indri inomahluko wayo - inezinwele ezinde ikakhulukazi emhlane wayo. I-indri enobuso obumhlophe ilu-lemur olukhulu kunazo zonke.

I-Shaggy Indri

Abamele lolu hlobo bangafika ku-10 kg ngesisindo. Ngendlela, lawa futhi angama-indri, anomsila oqondile ongafika ku-45 cm ubude. Ihlanza i-indri ukhethe inyakatho mpumalanga yesiqhingi.

Kukhona abamele ama-indriyas, okuthi emvelweni akukho ngaphezu kwezingu-500 izingcezu (indri Perriere). Zivelakancane futhi kade zabhalwa ku-International Red Book.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Ihlathi nezihlahla ezinkulu kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zilwane, ngoba zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emagatsheni, kepha kuyaqabukela kwehle emhlabathini, bese, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu.

Emhlabathini, izinkawu zase-Indri zihamba njengamadoda amancane emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, ziphakamisa imilenze yazo yangaphambili phezulu. Kepha esihlahleni se-indri uzizwe njengenhlanzi emanzini. Zingagxumela umbani ngokushesha hhayi nje kuphela ukusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye, kodwa futhi ukusuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye.

Ahamba ngokugqamile hhayi nje kuphela ezinkombeni ezivundlile, kodwa futhi ngokumangalisayo enyukela phezulu naphansi. I-Indri ayisebenzi kakhulu ebusuku. Bathanda usuku olunelanga kakhudlwana. Bathanda ukuzifudumeza, bahlala ezihlahleni zezihlahla, bafuna ukudla, bavele bajule emagatsheni.

Ebusuku, zihamba kuphela kulezo zimo lapho ukuthula kwazo kwephulwa yisimo sezulu esibi noma ukuhlaselwa ngabazingeli. Isici esithandekayo salesi silwane ukucula kwayo. “Ikhonsathi” ihlala yenzeka ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile, imvamisa kusuka ngo-7 a.m kuya ku-11 a.m.

Amathikithi awakwazi ukuthengwa, ukukhala kwemibhangqwana yase-Indri kusakazeka amabanga amade, kungazwakala ngaphakathi kwesikhala esiyi-2 km ukusuka “kumculi”. Kumele ngisho ukuthi i-Indri ayiculelwanga ukuzijabulisa kwayo, ngalezi zimemezelo zazisa wonke umuntu ukuthi le ndawo isivele ihlala ngabashadikazi.

Futhi ekutholeni i-pair, imvamisa, kufaka phakathi indawo kusuka kumahektha ayi-17 kuye kwangama-40. Ngaphezu kwezingoma, owesilisa naye umaka indawo yakhe. Kaningi, i-indri ibizwa nge-sifaka. Lezi zinkawu zathola igama elinjalo ngenxa yokuthi ngezikhathi zobungozi zenza imisindo ekhethekile efana nokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula okukhulu - "sifff-ak!". Ukubona abantu babone lesi sici futhi basibiza ngokuthi yi-indri sifaka.

Ukudla kwe-Indri

Ukudla kwalezi zilwane akuhlukile kakhulu. Isitsha esikhulu se-Indri ngamaqabunga azo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla. Izimila zaseMadagascar zigcwele izithelo nezimbali ezinamakha, kuphela uma zinganambitheki ngalezi zimila ezinkulu, zizodla umhlaba kangcono.

Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona ihlaya. Indri ngempela ingehla esihlahleni iyodla umhlaba. Kungani bekwenza lokhu, ososayensi abakafundi ngempela, kepha baphakamisa ukuthi umhlaba uzohlukanisa ezinye izinto ezinobuthi ezikumahlamvu. Amaqabunga awabizwa ngokuthi ukudla okuphezulu kwekhalori, ngakho-ke ukuze ungachithi amandla, i-indri iphumule kakhulu.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Lezi zilwane azizali minyaka yonke. Owesifazane angaletha iwundlu elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2, noma ngisho emithathu. Ukukhulelwa kwakhe isikhathi eside impela - izinyanga ezi-5. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-indri, isikhathi sokuzalela siwela ezinyangeni ezahlukahlukene, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izingane zivela ngezikhathi ezihlukile.

U-Indri omncane ugibela kuqala esiswini sikanina, maqede agasele emuva. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, umama usuthisa ingane ngobisi lwayo, futhi emva kwezinyanga eziyi-6 lelo thanga liqala ukulunyiswa kusuka ekudleni komama.

Kodwa-ke, i-Indri yesilisa esencane ingabhekwa njengomuntu omdala wokugcina kuphela ngemuva kokuba isinezinyanga eziyi-8 ubudala. Kepha kuze kube unyaka uhlala nabazali bakhe, ngakho-ke uphephile, uthembekile kakhulu, futhi uphila ngendlela enganakekile. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngocansi kuphela eneminyaka eyi-7, noma ngisho naseneminyaka engu-9 ubudala.

Ososayensi kuze kube manje abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi lezi zilwane ziphila iminyaka emingaki. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okungajwayelekile, lezi zilwane ziyisihloko sezinkolelo-ze ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, baqothulwa ngokweqile. Kepha kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisela inani lale lemurs. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuphatha izilwane ezinjalo ezingavamile.

Indri emfushane

Ubungako be-indri emfishane buyisilinganiso esiphakathi: ubude bomzimba buqala ku-61 kuye ku-71 cm. Isizalo siqonde kancane bese ikhala lifushane, okwenza i-indri ibukeke njengenkawu.

Yize imvamisa i-lemur ine-muzzle ende. Ikhanda lincane futhi uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke libonakala lingafani. Izindlebe ezinkulu ngokwanele zimbozwe izinwele. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-indri emfushane Taila yimisila emifushane, angamasentimitha angama-5-6 kuphela ubude, amasayizi anjalo phakathi kwama-congeners amancane kakhulu. Izinzwane zixhunywe ngu-membrane owodwa, ngakho-ke zisebenza zizonke, futhi ukunyakaza kokuqonda kwenziwa ngosizo lwesithupha.

Ijazi elingasemuva liwugqinsi, lide, luthuthu, futhi esiswini lifushane kakhulu. Umbala ungahluka: onsundu, mpunga, omnyama. Abanye abantu bangacishe babe mnyama, kanti abanye bacishe babe mhlophe. Umhlane, ikhanda nezinqa zangaphambili zivame ukuba mnyama. Emhlane, kuvame ukuba nethafa elingunxantathu. Ama-indri amafushane anomsila onama-laryngeal sacs asebenza njengabalingisi.

Indri emfishane ye-Indri (Indri indri).

Indlela yokuphila ye-Indri

Indawo yokuhlala yama-indri amafushane anomsila kungamahlathi emvula akhula aze afike kumamitha angama-1800. Lezi zilwane zihlala kakhulu emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abungu-3-4. Imvamisa kuphila impilo enobuthi. Khombisa umsebenzi ntambama. Njengomthetho, zitholakala endaweni ethile.

Behla isiqu, i-Indri ihlelwa ngobuhlakani yimilenze yangemuva. Behla benyuka, umsila kuqala.

Izihlahla ze-Indri azichithi sonke isikhathi sazo, kwesinye isikhathi ziwela phansi. Emhlabathini, ukunyakaza kwe-indri, gxuma, emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, ngenkathi umzimba ubambelele uqondile, kanti imilenze yangaphambili ibanjiwe ngaphezu kwekhanda ukulinganisela. Indri emfishane ithala phezu kwamagatsha, ngenkathi ihleli, futhi icindezela imilenze yayo ngezihlakala zazo. Zingakwazi futhi ukwelula zibe ngamagatsha, futhi ama-paws alengiswe phansi.

Njengawo wonke ama-lemurs, ama-indri angabakhileyo eMadagascar.

Lama lemurs athanda ukugcotshwa yilanga, kuyilapho ephumula elule imilenze yawo ezinhlangothini ukuze afudumele kangcono isifuba nesisu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuqubuke izinganekwane ezithi ukukhulekelwa kwelanga kuyashisa.

Ama-Indri ayizilwane ezesabekayo, kepha anamazwi amakhulu kakhulu, ngosizo lapho edlulisa izindaba ezimayelana nawo.

Phakathi kwama-lemurs, ama-indri amafushane anomsindo onamazwi amakhulu kakhulu. Ababhali abaningi phambilini bebabiza ngokuthi “izinja zasehlathini”, njengoba lezi zilwane zikhala njengezinja. Futhi abanye babethi bayakhala ngokungathi umuntu uyakhala. Imisindo yabo izwakala imini nobusuku. Kukhulu ukukhala okuhlala imizuzu embalwa, bese kulandela ikhefu, bese kuzwakala futhi amazwi.

Lalela izwi le-Indri emfushane

Ukudla kuqukethe amaqabunga, izithelo nezimbali. Badla ikakhulukazi ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa.

Indri - izinxanxathela zezitshalo ezinamakhaza. Badla izithelo eziningi namahlamvu.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezi-2. Kuzalwa ingane eyodwa kuphela.

Izifundo zokuqala ze-indri ezimfishane

USonner uthole i-Indri enomsila omfishane, lokhu kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ngokuvulwa kwe-ay-ay. Ubize izilwane ezi-idri, ekholelwa ukuthi leli igama lendawo yesilwane, kodwa empeleni igama lisho ukuthi "nangu lapha."
Kuqala, izakhamizi zakule ndawo bezama ukungazilimazi lezi zilwane. Kwezinye izizwe zazithathwa njengezingcwele, inani elikhulu lezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene zazihambisana nazo. Babecabanga ukuthi uma uphonsa umkhonto esilwaneni, uzowubamba empukane bese usiphonsa emuva. USonner ubhale phansi lezi zinganekwane, kodwa lokhu akusho neze ukuthi amanothi womcwaningi awethembekile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-indri iyekile ukubhekwa njengengcwele. URand wabhala ngo-1935 ukuthi ezinye izizwe zisebenzisa inyama yalezi zilwane, kanti ezinye ziyavuma ukuvuna ama-indri ngamaqoqo. USonner wabhala ukuthi abomdabu bahudula njengezinja ezizingelayo, noma babaqeqeshela ukubamba izinyoni.

Igama elithi "indri" eMadagascar lisho ukuthi "nangu lapha."

Ukwehla kwenani labantu e-Indri

Ama-Indri amafushane-anomsila ongabekezeleli ubugqila, awakwazi ukuhlangana ngisho nasemazweni awo omdabu. Bambalwa kuphela abantu abakwazile ukuletha impilo eMelika naseYurophu. Kepha ekudingisweni abakaze bazale, futhi ukubanakekela kuyinkinga. Izizathu zalesi simo azicaci kahle, kepha kukhona indawo yokuba khona komzimba nangokwengqondo.

Lezi zilwane zinohlelo lokugaya olubucayi, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu, azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha. Ngenxa yalokhu, baba yinto ebabayo futhi baphelelwe amandla okusinda.

AmaMalagasy akholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabafileyo iyaqhubeka nokuhlala e-indri.

Kuze kube muva nje, ama-indri ama-tair amafushane ayeningi impela, kepha ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu. Namuhla, isikhundla se-indri emfishane esifushane sifana naleso sezinkawu eziningi zesiqhingi saseMadagascar, kodwa njengoba benendawo encane yokusatshalaliswa, isimo sibucayi kakhulu kubo. Kungekudala, i-indri emfushane enomsila inganyamalala ngokuphelele.

Inani labantu elisenkabeni yesiqhingi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasezintabeni lathinteka kakhulu. Muva nje, bekukuningi kwe-indri lapho, kepha manje awekho amahlathi lapho.

Ama-Indri anemisila emifushane ahlala ezitolo ezimbili, kepha ngisho nalapho awanikezwa isivikelo esithembekile.

Izindawo eziseMadagascar ziyindawo yokugcoba encane etholakala phakathi kwezikhala ezingenalutho lapho kungekho zihlahla nhlobo. Ezindaweni ezikude kangako, izilwane azinakuphila ngohlobo lwazo lwangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nalezi zindawo ezinamahlathi amancane agcinwe asengozini, ngoba abantu bangena kuzo.

Usongo olukhulu lwe-indri namuhla ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yokuhlala.

Isifiso sabantu sokwakha amasayithi amasha asobala impela, ngoba eminyakeni yokuqala umhlaba lapha ukhiqiza futhi nezindleko zokunciphisa ziyancishiswa. Kungenxa yalezi zizathu ukuthi amahlathi aseMadagascar anyamalala ngezinga eliyinhlekelele. Ezindaweni ezithile, acishe abhujiswa ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu konakalisa izimbali nezimbali.

Abantu abaqondi ukuthi zibaluleke kangakanani lezi zindawo ezivikelwe, futhi la magugu emvelo asongelwa ngokubhujiswa. Ukuze kulungiswe lesi simo kancane, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa inkampani ukuvikela amahlathi, futhi uhulumeni kumele athathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukusindisa izindawo ezikhona ezivikelekile.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

I-Lemur - incazelo, imvelaphi yegama

Kukhona inguqulo ethokozisayo mayelana nokuvela kwegama lalesi silwane esihle.

Lapho nje amatilosi asendulo amaRoma ayevakashele esiqhingini saseMadagascar ezwa ukukhala emathangeni ebusuku, kukhumbuza ukukhala kwezingane. Sebeye kusizo, njengoba bekholwa, ezinganeni, lezo izilwane ezidla kakhulu okungenzeka ukuthi zazifuna ukuyidla, babona ngamehlo amakhulu avutha ebumnyameni. Umcabango, ugqugquzelwa ukwesaba, wenza amaRoma aphuthuma kule ndawo, ngoba, ngombono wawo, “ama-lemurs” ayehlala emahlathini. Kuhunyushwa kusuka olimini lwakudala lwaseRoma, leli gama lisho ukuthi "imimoya emibi", "izipoki."

Amatilosi awazange acabange nokuthi isidalwa esihle kangako, njengezinkawu noma abantu, ngeke sibesabise kanjalo, hhayi neze okwesabekayo futhi akuyona ingozi. Ngakho-ke, bekhuluma ngemimoya emibi edla izingane esiqhingini saseMadagascar, abahambi bakhuluma nge-lemurs. Futhi igama selilungisiwe.

Ahlala kuphi ama-lemurs?

Ama-lemurs ayizilwane ezizwelayo, ngoba indawo ahlala kuyo ilinganiselwe - lesi siqhingi saseMadagascar kanye neComoros, esiphakathi kwe-Afrika neMadagascar. Uma ngaphambi kokuba izilwane zithathe cishe sonke isiqhingi saseMadagascar, manje endaweni yemvelo zingatholakala kuphela entshonalanga (ukusuka eFort Dauphin kuya eMonradov) nasentabeni ye-Andringitra.

Ngokuya ngenganekwane, ama-lemurs asuka ngomkhumbi esuka e-Afrika ngamaphethelo awakhile. Lokhu, kunjalo, bekungenzeka, kodwa iqiniso elithile likhona kule ndaba. Ososayensi banamuhla bathi izilwane zingawela esiqhingini zihlukaniswe nezwekazi emagatsheni amakhulu nasezingwini ngesikhathi sokuncipha kogu lolwandle, futhi ngokunokwenzeka zinqamule emijondolo eyakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba kwakungekho zitha kulesi siqhingi, abantu bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Imvelo yendawo futhi yasiza ama-lemurs: amahlathi ayegcwele izinhlobo zokudla ezifanele.

Ngokuya kwenye inguqulo, yileyo ngqo leyo nhlobo yabantu eyayihlala ngokwahlukana nezwe futhi manje eyiMadagascar, ngoba zazimbalwa izitha nokudla okuningi.

Manje izindawo ahlala kuzo ama-lemurs angamahlathi ahlukahlukene: amahlathi amile, ihlathi elimanzi, intaba. Iningi likhona ngokuhlabelela, likhetha indlela yokuphila yobusuku. Ezinye izinhlobo zijoyina emindenini.

Kwesinye isikhathi ikakhulukazi abamele abanesibindi bazulazula bangene emapaki amadolobha noma bavakashele ukuthathwa komhlaba bafuna ukudla.

Incazelo yama-Lemurs

Kwabaningi, ama-lemurs ayizilwane ezinhle ezinamehlo amakhulu, izinwele ezithambile, ezi-fluffy, ezivilaphayo ngobuqili kusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha nokuhlafuna amahlamvu. Kukhona okuningi kweqiniso nokungabi nabulungisa kulo mfanekiso okhule wazi. Impela, izilwane eziningi zinamehlo amakhulu, kepha akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezinamehlo amakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onengubo ethambile. Futhi hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi lezi zilwane ziyavilapha futhi zihamba kancane, ezinye zigijimela ngokushesha ngokwanele emhlabathini, ziyakwazi ukuhamba emaphethelweni amatshe ezintaba, zigxume zisuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni, zinqobele amabanga aphakeme.

Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zifaka umehluko ekubukekeni kwesilwane.Sizotshela ngabamele abathile be-lemurs ekuqhubekeni kwendatshana, kodwa okwamanje sizogqamisa izici eziphambili zalezi zilwane ezihlukile.

Ubukhulu besilwane buya ngohlobo lwayo: ezinkulu kakhulu ziyi-indri - zikhula zibe imitha futhi zingaba nesisindo esingama-10 kg, kanti ezincane kunazo zonke zingama-lemurs amagundane amancane, angakhuli ngaphezu kuka-23 cm, ubude bawo bube ngu-10 cm 50 gr Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi uma isilwane esivele sikhona salezi zinhlobo futhi sesidlulile manje singaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-200 futhi sibe nobukhulu obukhulu (ukusuka kwthole elineminyaka emibili).

Isigaxa sezilima eziningi sinwebekile, sisikhumbuza impungushe. Amehlo avame ukuba makhulu ngaphambili, okwenza kubonakale. ukuthi isilwane simangele ngandlela thile. Umbala wamehlo ubuye unhlobonhlobo yezinhlobo zezilwane: imvamisa ebomvu-onsundu, nsundu-ophuzi. I-lemur emnyama inamehlo ahlukile emhlabeni wezilwane - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izimbambo zezilwane zineminwe emihlanu, ithuthukiswe kahle, ngoba imisebenzi yokubamba ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla. Kuzo zonke izilwane, isithupha sombala wangaphambili siphikisana nezinye, okwenza sikwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile kumagatsha. Isigaxa esikhulu sigqama emunweni wesibili wamaphethelo aphansi (iningi leminye iminwe likhulisa izipikili), ngazo "ezihlanganisa" izinwele ezinde. Kepha ubude bezinyawo ezihlobene nengxenye ye- “ngaphambili - emuva” kungahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo: kwabanye, izinyawo zangaphambili zinde kakhulu kunasemuva. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila engathandeki kanye nesidingo sokubambelela kumagatsha nokulenga. Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezihlala emhlabeni zinobukhulu obufanayo bezimbambo, noma izitho zomzimba ezingemuva ezithuthukisiwe.

Ama-lemurs amaningi angabanikazi bemisila ye-chic, yona, eyenza imisebenzi eminingi: isiza ukulinganisela ngenkathi igxuma noma igijima, inamathela emagatsheni futhi isibambe isilwane, iyithuluzi lesiginali kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi abahlala emaphaketheni. I-lemur enomsila omkhulu iyinaka kakhulu: uhlala enakekela inhlanzeko. Kwesinye isikhathi ubude bomsila budlula usayizi womzimba wesilwane. Futhi ama-lemri ama-Indri kuphela anemisila emifushane, ekhula ngo-5 cm kuphela.

Ukubuka lezi zilwane ezihlekisayo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi bahlolisisa ngokucophelela izinto ezingaziwa, kepha bashesha ukuzithinta. Emvelweni wemvelo, abantu abasha, abangenalwazi, isikhathi eside bafunda izilwane noma izitshalo ezintsha. I-Home Lemur ayisoze yathinta into ngaphandle kokuyihlola ngokuningiliziwe nangaphandle kokubonga ukuphepha.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Lemur endaweni yemvelo

Uma ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-lemurs ayizilwane zasebusuku kuphela, khona-ke izifundo zamuva nje zokuphila kwalezi zilwane zibonisa ukuthi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nazo ziyahlukahluka ngokuziphatha, imisebenzi yansuku zonke, indlela yempilo eyodwa noma yomndeni.

Isikebhe saseMadagascar sihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku obusebusuku: ngesikhathi sasemini lesi silwane esikhulu sicasha ngamaqabunga ezihlahla, kodwa ebusuku sivuka siyodla futhi sixoxe nezihlobo, lapho nje wonke umuntu ezwa ukukhala okwesabekayo. Ngokuqala kobumnyama, ama-lemurs amaningi amancanyana ayavuka, acashe emashalofini ezihlahleni phakathi nosuku. Ama-lemurs aneminyaka emincane aphila impilo yobusuku, ancamela ukuhlala emahlathini.

Kodwa ikati lemur isebenza kakhulu phakathi nosuku kunasemini ebusuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bahlala emhlabeni. Amabutho anekhanda elibomvu ahlala ezihlahleni kuphela akhombisa indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Ama-indrias anemisila emifushane abhekwe kufanelekile ngokuthi “anezikhathi” kakhulu: lezi zilwane ziveza ngenhliziyo yonke imizimba yazo elangeni, zinwebele emagatsheni ezihlahla, zilale lapho kumnyama. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku futhi ivele i-sifaki (i-vero), ihlala ezihlahleni ezindaweni ezinomswakama walesi siqhingi.

Umsebenzi wama-macaco lemurs (abamnyama) kuya ngesizini nasesigabeni senyanga: enyangeni entsha nangezikhathi ezomile aqala indlela yokuphila elula, futhi ngenkathi yezimvula lezi zilwane ziqala ukusebenza kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga kuze kube sekushoneni.

Ama-lemurs abonakala njengesimo sokucwaswa ngokwezikhathi ezithile zesikhathi esithile: okwesikhathi esithile acasha ezindaweni zokukhosela futhi achitha isikhathi sokuphumula.

Ubudlelwano bezenhlalo balezi zilwane buyehluka. Njengomthetho, ama-lemurs ahlala emihlambini eholwa abesifazane. Ukukhula okuncane akuvamile ukushiya umndeni wakhe, futhi aqhubeke nokuhlala ngaphakathi, athathe isikhundla sakhe, enqunywe yisimo. "Umndeni" onjalo ubandakanya ama-lemurs we-ring-tailed (filing), ahlala emaphaketheni anobudlelwano bomndeni obakhiwe ngokwedlule kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo yemfanelo. Amabhuzu abomvu futhi ahlala emaphaketheni abantu abangafika kwabangu-20.

Ama-lemurs amahle-amachwane ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa ezidada isikhashana ukuze zizale. Zodwa zinhlobo eziningi zama lemurs amancane akhetha ukuhlala emigodini emincane ezihlahleni noma ezintabeni.

Ama-Indri ajwayele ukuhlala emndenini: abesifazane, abesilisa nabazukulwane babo beminyaka ehlukile. Uma izilwane ezivuthiwe zakha owazo umndeni, ziyahlukanisa nabazali bazo bese ziyahamba ziyosiza insimu yazo. Amalungelo abo endawo ye-Indri abikwa hhayi ngamamaki nje kuphela, kepha nangokucula okukhulu kwasekuseni. Ama-lemurs we-bamboo wegolide ayakha imindeni efanelekile. Ukwakheka kulula: abazali kanye nenzalo, okuthi, bakhule, bashiye umndeni bazenzele owabo.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi izingalo zaseMadagascar, bakhetha ukungashadi (bazakhela isidleke emfoloko yezihlahla zezihlahla kuphela) bakhetha ukuzingela noma ukudlala ngababili.

Onke ama-lemurs ayizilwane ezihlala endaweni ephawula indawo yazo ngomchamo noma ngama-enzyme akhethekile futhi zivikele indawo yazo kuzivakashi ezingamenywanga. Izilwane ezihlahleni zimaka amakhaya azo ngokuhlola amagxolo ezihlahla noma amagatsha aluma.

Ama-lemurs adlani futhi adlani emvelweni?

Emvelweni yemvelo, ama-lemurs adla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo, yize kungenakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi zonke izilwane zalolu hlobo zidla okufanayo.

Njengoba iningi lalezi zilwane lihlala ezihlahleni, ukudla kwazo kuqukethe lokho ezingakuthola lapho kuzungezile. Njengomthetho, lezi yizithelo ezivuthiwe (amakhiwane, ubhanana), amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha, imbewu yezitshalo, izimbali. Abantu abakhulu bangajabulela amagxolo ezihlahla.

Ukudla kwezitshalo akuvamile ngokwanele ukubuyisa amandla, ngakho-ke ama-lemurs anxephezela lokhu ngokuphumula isikhathi eside noma ukunyakaza kancane.

Isibonelo, abantu abancane, ama-lemurs amancanyana, bayakujabulela ukudla umpe wezimbali, impova yabo, nezinsalela zezitshalo. Futhi, lesi silwane sidla izibungu ngisho nezinambuzane ezincane.

Ezinye izinhlobo zinokuthandwa okuthile ekudleni kwezitshalo. Izibambo zaseMadagascar zithanda kakhulu ubisi lukakhukhunathi nemango, ikati lemur lizithanda kakhulu izithelo zosuku lwamaNdiya (i-tamarind), kanti nama-lemurs wegolide ne-bamboo awanandaba namahlumela we-bamboo.

Kepha akuwona wonke ama-lemurs angama-herbivorous. Kufanele wazi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi udla i-lemur nezinambuzane: amabhungane ahlukene, izimvemvane (ikakhulukazi lezo ezindiza ebusuku), izicabucabu, iziqubulo, amaqhude. I-lemure yegundane eluhlaza ngeke yenqabe ama-vertebrates amancane: ama-chameleons namasele. Ukuqashelwa kwezilwane kukhombisa ukuthi zidla ngisho nezinyoni ezincane namaqanda azo.

I-Indri lemurs kwesinye isikhathi idla umhlaba. Lesi sici sokudla okunempilo sidalwa yisidingo sokunciphisa izinto ezinobuthi eziqukethwe ezitshalweni.

Izilwane zivame ukubamba ukudla ngamazinyo noma zithathe izimbobo zazo zangaphambili futhi zikulethe emlonyeni wazo. Ukubuka izilwane ngesikhathi sokudla kuyajabulisa kakhulu, ngoba eziningi zazo zifana nabantu.

I-Lemur ekhaya noma e-zoo ingadlulela ekudleni okungekho uphawu lwayo futhi isheshe ijwayele ukuguqula indlela yokudla yemvelo, kepha noma kunjalo umuntu kufanele acabangele okuthandwa yisilwane ngokwemvelo.

Ukuzala kwe-lemur

Isikhathi sokuthomba ezinhlotsheni zonke ziqala ngezindlela ezihlukile. Uma isilwane sisincane ngosayizi nesisindo, ekuqaleni kwaso sikwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo. Ngakho-ke, ama-indri amakhulu avuthwa ngokocansi kuphela eneminyaka emihlanu, futhi ulamula omfishane wegundane ungazala kabusha unyaka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinhlobo ziyaphila impilo engaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, iminyaka yazo yokuzala izingane imfushane.

Imvamisa inkathi yokuzalela kwezilwane ihlangana nenkathi ethile. Lokhu kungenxa yesondlo - izintandokazi zokudla zithinta isikhathi sokuthandana.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela kwezilwane, izilwane zibizana ngokuhlokoma okukhulu, zithinta abakhethiweyo bazo, zizame ukumaka zona ngephunga lazo.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa buhlukile. Izinhlobo eziningi azihlanganisi ngazimbili. Owesilisa oyedwa ungaba nguyise wezinsikazi eziningi futhi empeleni azibambi iqhaza ekukhulisweni kwesizukulwane esisha. Kepha emndenini oyizidengela womndeni uyakheka: lesi silwane sithola umlingani omusha kuphela lapho sifa.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhulelwa kuma-lemurs, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa nengxenye, baletha inzalo kanye ngonyaka. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, ingalo yaseMadagascar, futhi ngisho nangaphansi, njalo eminyakeni eyi-2-3.

Imvamisa, kuzalwa ikonyana elilodwa, okuvame ukuba ngamabili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bazalwa bengasizakali ngokuphelele. Abanye abanesisindo esingaphezu kwama-5 amagremu. Ngisho nezingane zabantu abakhulu zizalwa zinesisindo sama-80-120 gr kuphela. I-lemur encane ivula amehlo ayo ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesihlanu, kuze kufike leso sikhathi ayizwa. Izinhlobo ezinqabile kuphela ezizala izingane ezibonayo. Kodwa izingane zikhule kahle kakhulu ekubambeni ingqondo: kuphela ngemuva kokuba zizelwe, sezivele zinamathela ezinweleni zikamama eziswini, lapho zizitholela khona ubisi nokushisa ngokwazo. Futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa bazokwazi ukuyela emuva kowesifazane, lapho bazohlala khona kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Akuwona wonke umama ongazala izingane ezimbili, ngakho akuvamile ukuba azale okuncane.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu, kwesinye isikhathi amawundlu aqala ukushiya ingemuva lowesifazane ukuze azothuthukisa ngokuzimela insimu. Batali labakhatsalelako babuyisela lababaleki, ngobe bantfwana abanganakekeli bangawa etihlahleni bafe.

Kepha ukubukeka nezinyanga zokuqala zempilo zabancane kwezinye izinhlobo kunezimpawu zabo. Ngakho-ke, igundane lemouse eligrey libonisa inzalo emigodini elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, lapho imvuthuluka ichitha khona amasonto amabili bese kuphela ukuphuma.

Ngendlela ekhethekile inzalo yama-lemurs yenza. Okokuqala, bakhela isidleke sezingane ezingazalwa. Okwesibili, yilezi kuphela i-lemurs ezingakhiqiza izingane ezi-5-6 ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi ekugcineni, emavikini ambalwa, ama-lemurs ahlala esidlekeni ngaphansi kokugadwa kowesilisa, futhi angabambeleli kowesifazane.

Ukukhetha kahle ekukhetheni umlingani weLore Lemurs. Muva nje, lezi zilwane zivame ukuzalwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma endaweni yemvelo kunethuba lokudala umbhangqwana nalokho. isilwane esizoyizwela kuye, khona-ke i-lemur lory ekhaya, noma ngabe kukhona umuntu wobulili obuhlukile eduze, kungenzeka angabi nayo inzalo, ngoba vele ngeke athande umlingani.

Izinhlobo zama Lemurs

Njengoba ama-lemurs ebengenazitha eMadagascar, kanti nezinduna ezaziwaxosha kwezinye izindawo azitholakalanga lapha, izilwane zingavela. Ucwaningo lwalezi zilwane luqale muva nje: ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zalezi zilwane ezihlukile, ezihlukaniswe ngemindeni emi-4:

Umndeni ngamunye okhona unezindawo zawo ezingaphansi kwawo.

Okutholwe ngemivubukulo kukhombisile ukuthi izilwane zavela eMadagascar eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 ezedlule, kanti okwamanje kunemindeni emi-3 eseyinyamalele:

megadalapids, paleopropithecus, archeolemurs.

Mayelana nemindeni engapheli esizoyichaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi manje bengifuna ukwethula abamele abaqavile kakhulu.

I-ring-tailed lemur

Lezi zilwane ziluhlobo lokuhambela amakhadi eMadagascar, yize zihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesiqhingi. Igama elisemthethweni i-lemur enomsila, noma katta, ungowomndeni we-lemur.

Bahlala emindenini enobudlelwano obuqinile bendawo: inhloko yephakethe ngowesifazane we-alpha, oqapha ngokucophelela i-oda, aholele izihlobo ukuzondla. Abesilisa balezinhlobo abahlali emhlambini isikhathi eside, imvamisa beza kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, bese behamba beyofuna eminye imihlambi. Lokhu kuziphatha kunikela ngenzalo enempilo ngaphandle kwezihlobo.

Ikati lemur linombala wokuqala: Amehlo angathi uzungezwe imichilo emnyama yezinwele, okwenza isilwane sibukeke sína futhi sinaka. Isisu esinsundu-grey kanye nesisu esikhanyayo sifana nezingubo zabantu, ngakho-ke bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sidalwa sifana nomuntu, ikakhulukazi lapho ikati limi emilenzeni yalo yangemuva.

Isici esiyingqayizivele sabamele le zinhlobo umsila wazo omude ogqamile, opendwe ngokulandelana ngemisho emnyama nomhlophe elandelanayo, lapho imvamisa kakhulu ingama-25, igcina imnyama. Ubude bomsila bungadlula usayizi womzimba osikiwe, buye kufika ku-65 cm ngomzimba bufike kuma-45, kuyilapho isisindo salobucwebe bungafinyelela ku-1.5 kg ngesisindo sesilwane kuze kufike ku-3, 5. Lapho behamba phansi, wonke amalungu omhlambi aphakamisa umsila wawo phezulu, ngakho-ke insikazi ye-alpha ibona lapho umuntu ekhona.

I-lem-ring enomsila ihamba kalula emhlabathini futhi igxume ezihlahleni, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi inyamazane ifosili.

Okunye okutholwe yilezi zilwane isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuzala - zingaletha inzalo cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimpilo zabo, okusiza ukugcina inani labantu.

Impunga yegundane lemur

Umndeni we-lemurs emfushane uhlanganisa i-5 genera enezinhlobo ezingama-30, phakathi kwazo okuyi-lemur yegrey grey edume kakhulu, ngoba okwamanje ivame ukuthengwa njengesilwane esifuywayo.

Le lemur enhle enamehlo amakhulu anomusa ibhekwa njengoyincane kunazo zonke, isisindo sayo ayidluli kuma-gramu angama-65. Ihlala kuphela enyakatho nasentshonalanga yesiqhingi.

Ngendlela yayo yokuphila emvelweni yemvelo, i-grey grey lemur iyisilwane sasebusuku. Emini, ulala emgodini wesihlahla, kwesinye isikhathi ehlangana nezihlobo zobungqingili, kwesinye isikhathi eyedwa, kuthi ebusuku ahambe ayodoba. Isilwane akuvamile ukuba sehle emhlabathini, kepha sihamba kahle phakathi kwezihlahla. Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane kakhulu, ungagxuma amabanga afinyelela kumamitha amathathu.

Ukudla kwalesi crumb ngumucu wezimbali, izimbali ngokwazo, izinsalela zezitshalo, izibungu zezinambuzane kanye nezinambuzane ezincane. Ngobukhulu bawo, isilwane sihle kakhulu.

Ngonyaka omfushane wegundane lemur iba ukukhula ngokomoya. Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokuzala, insikazi izala amabili, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namawundlu amathathu, ahlala amasonto amabili emgodini bese kuphela aqala ukuphuma kancane kancane. Izinsana zizalwa zincane kakhulu, isisindo asidluli kumagremu ayi-5, kodwa ijazi. Emvelweni wemvelo, lezi zilwane zizalela iminyaka engaba ngu-6, yize i-lemur yasekhaya ingaphila iminyaka engama-20.

Emvelweni, lezi zilwane zinezitha eziningi (izinyoka, izinyoni, amafosili), ngakho-ke inani lokufa liphezulu impela.

Ekhaya, igundane lemouse empunga limila kalula, kepha abanikazi besikhathi esizayo kufanele bacabangele indlela yokuphila yesilwane esebusuku. Emini, uyolala endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, ebusuku uzosebenza.

I-Madagascar Hilt

IMadagascar-hand arm-arm is the kuphela emele umndeni ophethe izingalo, ngakho-ke, sekuyisikhathi eside kube nezingxabano maqondana nokuqanjwa kwawo ngama-lemurs noma namagundane. Kepha noma kunjalo, abacwaningi banqume ukuthi esimeni sayo lesi silwane iyi-lemur.

Isilwane sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu, ubukhulu bomsila we-fluffy buze bube ngama-60 cm, bukhulu kakhulu kunomzimba - bufika kuma-43 cm. Isilwane sinekhanda elikhulu elinamadlebe amakhulu acishe abe-bald, ekhaleni eliphakeme nangamehlo anake. Umzimba umbozwe mnyama noma ngethephu elinsundu elincane, izinwele ezinzima.

Isici esiyingqayizivele seMadagascar izibambo iminwe emide kakhulu emaxhashini ayo, ngosizo lwayo olunamathela ngokuphelele ezihlahleni futhi izitholele ukudla. Umunwe ophakathi nendawo onenxeba elibulalayo ubaluleke kakhulu, lapho isilwane, njenge-Woodpecker, sishaya umuthi, sithola izibungu. Ngosizo lwethuluzi elifanayo, ingalo encane iphula ukhukhunathi futhi ikhiphe umuthi owuthandayo - ubisi lukakhukhunathi. Kepha lapho uhamba emhlabathini, iminwe iyaphazamisa, ngakho-ke ithembela ezingalweni futhi yehlela emhlabathini ngokunqabile. Amazinyo engalo encane, ajwayele ukugaya amagxolo, akhula ngayo yonke impilo yakhe.

Isilwane siphila impilo yobusuku bodwa. Ntambama ulala emashalofini. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi i-armhole yakhela izindlu eziningana futhi icashe kuyo, mhlawumbe ukuze abahlaseli bengayiboni indawo yakhe yokuhlala.

I-lemur, ebizwa ngokuthi "ah-ah" ngabantu bendawo, yathola igama eliphakathi ngenxa yezikhalazo ezingandile, ngasizathu simbe ezazesaba ukuzwa.

Izinhlobo zoMlenze zaseMadagascar zizala kancane: izinsikazi zizala kanye njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3, kuvame ukuzalwa ikonyana elilodwa, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwalesi silwane kusatshiswe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule.

Eminyakeni yamuva, izingalo ziyiswa endlini njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Abafuyi kufanele banake ukuziphatha kwalezi zilwane futhi balungele ukuthi ebusuku bavuke kwizikhalo zabo ezinyantisayo.

Umndeni wakwaLoriev

Kusenempikiswano ngobulungu bukaLoriev kuma-lemurs. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi silwane, esifana kakhulu ne-lemur yaseMadagascar, sinendlela yokuphila efanayo nezici zokuzalela, njengabanye abamele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo yokuhlala akuyona iMadagascar nhlobo, kodwa amahlathi eCambodia, iVietnam, iLaos, iNhlonhlo yeMalaysia, iJava, iSumatra, iBorneo, iCentral Africa kanye neNingizimu Asia. U-Lori akakaze abe nomsila, omhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlamvana.

Noma kunjalo, iningi licabanga ngeLori lemurs. Eminyakeni yamuva, zivame ukuzalaniswa njengesilwane esifuywayo, ngokuthintwa yi-charm. I-lemur lory ihlangana ekhaya ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha abafuyi bezinkomba kufanele bacabangele ubunyoninco bokuba khona kwesilwane endaweni yemvelo.

I-Lori ingeyokulandelana kwama-primates, isendlalelo esimanzi-esimanzi. Kunemindeni emihlanu yalezi zilwane, phakathi kwazo edume kunazo zonke ama-loris aminyene futhi acinene. Ubude babo bomzimba abudluli ku-40 cm, nesisindo - 2 kg. Anombala onsomi okhanyayo onsundu onomugqa omnyama eduze nangemuva cishe elimnyama elizungeze amehlo akhanyayo.

Lezi yizilwane ezihamba kancane, eziholela ekuziphatheni kobusuku bodwa. Zinamehlo amakhulu abona kahle ebumnyameni. Ntambama, izilwane zifihla phezulu ngomqhele ezindaweni zokukhosela ezakhiwe. Ivumelaniswe kahle nokuphila ezihlahleni: ngobuhlakani isuka egatsheni iye kwelinye igatsha, inamathela ngokuqinile emajikeni ayo. Kepha uLori, njengabafowethu abaningi, akazi ukuthi kufanele agxume kanjani.

Esikhathini esiningi bahlala bodwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ukuxhumana nezihlobo kubalulekile kubo, ngakho-ke i-lemur lory ekhaya, okuwukuphela kwayo, ingaba lusizi kakhulu. Bakhetha umlingani isikhathi eside. Baqala ukukhula ngokocansi kuphela ngemuva konyaka nonyaka, bese bethola umlingani. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi eside ngokwaneleko isilwane esilingana nalezi - izinyanga ezi-7, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe eyodwa, kuvame ukuzalwa izingane ezimbili. Bazalwa benombono, umbala wejazi uyehluka ngokukhanya okulula, cishe okuyisilivere, umthunzi ukwedlula kubantu abadala, kodwa lapho beneminyaka engu-2 yobudala sebethola umbala ongaguquki. Kuze kube unyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi eside, izingane zisondele kumama. Uma bafuna ukubika okuthile, bese beshicilela i-titter ethule, ekhumbuza inyoni. Owesilisa akaze abambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo.

Emvelweni, lezi zilwane ezincane ziphila iminyaka eyi-17, futhi ekhaya zingahlala isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobo ezisengozini zokubulawa kwe-lemur

Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zemalurs zihlala esiqhingini saseMadagascar, zihlukile ngobukhulu, umbala, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abazizwa bekhululekile. Ezinye izinhlobo sezisemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuzingela nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwa. Cabanga ngezilwane ezimpilo zazo zisengozini.

I-Indri enobuso obumhlophe (diadem sifaka). Indawo yokuhlala incane kakhulu endaweni yamahlathi engxenyeni esempumalanga yesiqhingi, enomthelela omubi kubantu.

Mongoose lemur. Enye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlala ngaphandle kwesiqhingi, kepha ukuncishiswa kwezindawo ezinokwenzeka kusongela ubukhona bayo.

I-brown mouse lemur. Ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, ummeleli omncane kakhulu wezinhlobo zifana negundane, laqanjwa ngalo.

I-Ai-ai (ingalo yaseMadagascar). Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke. Iyasebenza ebusuku kuze kuphume ilanga. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ihlupheke kakhulu ngabazingeli.

I-brown lemur. Uhlala kuphela eMadagascar. Unomusa kakhulu kwezinye izilwane.

AmaHapalemurs. Isici salolu hlobo lwenhlobo yikhono lokubhukuda. Ngokungafani nabanye abafowethu, abathanda ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emagatsheni ezihlahla noma phansi, izilwane zalesi sikhwama zizizwa zikhululekile emanzini.

Inhloko yegolide uSokwe. Bahlala emihlambeni enobudlelwano bendawo obuhleliwe ngokusobala, bavame ukuba izisulu zefoss, ngakho-ke inani labo labantu liyancishiswa kakhulu.

I-lemur ebheke ngasendle. Ngibe negama layo ngenxa yemivimbo emibili emnyama yengxenye yangaphambili yekhanda. Prefers arthropods, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane. Inekhono elihlukile lokugxumela amabanga amakhulu.

Silky S tseb. Inenkinga ikakhulukazi ngabazingeli abazingelayo ngenxa yejazi layo elihlukile. Ukubukeka okuhle kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebizayo emakethe yokuthengisa izilwane emnyama.

I-lemur emnyama enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yombala wamehlo oyingqayizivele wezilwane. Abesilisa kuphela abamnyama, izintokazi zinsundu kuphela. Izilwane ziyahlupheka ngenxa yokuncipha kwamahlathi. Banolaka kwabanye abamele, bangabulala ngisho nabaphikisi.

Isusa imindeni ye-lemur

Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezinhlobo, ama-lemurs asevele alahlekelwe: imindeni emithathu namuhla ibhekwa njengonqunyelwe. Muva nje, ososayensi bathole ukutholakala okumangazayo: kutholakale umhume obakhungethwe amanzi epaki yezwe, lapho kwatholakala khona wonke amathuna ezilwane ezinkulu. Ukuthi bagcina kanjani kule ndawo kusamele kubonakale, kepha ukuba khona kwama-lemurs eMadagascar kusuka ePleistocene kuze kube namuhla kuyacaca.

Umndeni wama-megaladapes. Singakhuluma ngokubonakala kwalezi zilwane kuphela ezitholwe ngumvubukuli, ngoba zaqothuka kudala, cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili edlule. Noma kunezinkomba zokuthi ubukhona be-megaladapes ekuqaleni kuka-1504, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokuvela kwabaseYurophu eMadagascar, abukho ubufakazi bangempela balokhu.

Esakhiweni saso, lesi sidalwa esifana ne-koalas yesimanje, sasiyisidleke esinamazondo anamandla nemilenze yangaphambili yangaphambili. Ukuxhumeka kwonyawo nezinzwane ezithuthukiswe kahle kukhombisa ukuthi ama-megaladapes awazange avumelaniswe nempilo yasemhlabeni, kodwa ayekhona ngokuphelele ezihlahleni. Kulezi zici, bathola igama labo lesibili - i-koala lemurs.

Ukuhlelwa kwamehlo bekungajwayelekile: ezinhlangothini, hhayi ngaphambili, njengezihlobo eziningi zanamuhla. Imihlathi enamandla nesakhiwo sezinyo kukhombisa ukuthi la mandimu adla kuphela izitshalo zokudla. Lezi kwakuyizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, zifinyelela ku-75 kg ngesisindo.

Umndeni we-Paleopropitec. Ucwaningo lwempilo yalezi zilwane lufakazela ukuthi abamele lo mndeni babemelwe kulesi siqhingi ngo-genera (mesopropithecus, paleopropithecus, archaeoindri, babakotiya). Kukholakala ukuthi izilwane zayeka ukuba khona eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule BC. Kepha kunezinganekwane ukuthi abamele lo mndeni babonwa kamuva kakhulu, ngisho nangekhulu le-16 lesikhathi sethu.

Konke ukutholwa kwamathambo kutholakala ezindaweni ezinesiqhingi sesiqhingi, imvamisa emiqolombeni, okusikisela ukuthi i-paleopropithecus yayihola indlela yokuphila esekwe ezweni, ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesigaxa sezilwane kukhombisa ukuthi isisindo se-archaeoindri singafinyelela ku-200 kg. Isidalwa esikhulu esinjalo ngokusobala sasiwumhlaba. Kepha abamele enye i-genera emithathu bebemncane kakhulu, ama-10-25 kg, futhi bebekhona kahle ezihlahleni.

Umndeni wama-archeolemurs. Ucwaningo lwezinto zakudala lubonisa ukuthi amalungu alo mndeni ayehlala eMadagascar kuze kube cishe ngekhulu le-12. Imbangela yokusolwa ngokufa intuthuko yalesi siqhingi nokuzingela kwabo.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesigaxa kukhombisa ukuthi beyizilwane ezinkulu impela: isisindo sazo sifinyelela ku-25 kg. Babenemilenze emifushane ehambelana nomzimba, amandla okubamba awakenziwa kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezihlobene, okusivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi ama-archaelemurs ikakhulukazi ayehlala emhlabeni. Ukwakheka komhlathi kukhombisa ukuthi bekufanele bagaye ngokucophelela ukudla, okungenzeka kwakuyimbewu, izimbali, amaqabunga, izithelo, ama-arthropods mhlawumbe, nezilwane ezincane.

Amathambo atholakele aqinisekisa le nguqulo ukuthi cishe sonke isiqhingi kwakuyindawo ekhona yama-archaeolemurs.

Uma i-lemur isendaweni yakho

Muva nje, ama-lemurs ajwayiswa endlini njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Abantu bakhangwa isilwane esincane esihle esinamehlo akhanyayo nezinwele ezithambile. Imvamisa yi-mouse lemur noma i-lemur lory. Ekhaya, lezi zilwane zinezimpande ngokuphepha, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimo zokuboshwa kufanele zisondele ngangokunokwenzeka emvelweni.

Ama-lemurchik amaningi aphila impilo yobusuku obumnandi - ibekwe phansi yimvelo, kungemva kokushona kwelanga lapho beshiya indawo yabo yokuhlala ukuze badle, badlale futhi bazihlanze, ngakho-ke balungele iqiniso lokuthi i-lemur lory izofihla ekhaya lakhe usuku lonke indlu, futhi cishe kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukudlala ngesilwane esihle, kepha ebusuku umntwana uzokwenza umsindo.

Ukugcina izilwane kuyadingeka emakhejini aphezulu (mpo), ukufakwa, okumele kufakwe:

enamathiselwe engxenyeni engenhla kuyindlu yokuhlala lapho isilwane singafihla khona phakathi nosuku, nazo zonke izinhlobo zamagatsha, amadivaysi okhuphuka: ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane ngeke sikwazi ukuhamba ngokwanele (i-lemur lori ithanda ukulenga emagatsheni ekhaya, i-lemurs ye-lemurs emincane), ngesitsha sokuphuza esinamanzi ahlanzekile, okokufaka okhethekile kwamagundane.

Uma unezilwane ezinkulu, khona-ke i-aviary kufanele ibe ngosayizi ofanele.

Ukulungiswa, ungakhetha i-aviary ngamahlumela noma i-terrarium ekhazimulayo. Kungcono ukunikela ukukhetha ekhejini elivulekile ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukufinyelela emoyeni omusha. Kepha khumbula ukuthi i-lemur lory ekhaya ihlushwa kakhulu okubhaliwe, ingagula, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukubeka i-aviary yayo ekhoneni le-windproof, kude nohlelo lokuhlukanisa.

Abanikazi abaningi bezilwane ezifuywayo ze-furry bakhathazeka ngokuthi bangahlela kanjani ukondleka okufanele. Okokuqala, kufanele uthole ukuthi le nyama idlani endaweni yemvelo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zibonisa umehluko kokudla okunempilo, kanye nesilinganiso sokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Emvelweni, izilwane zidla izithelo, izimbali, zithanda umpe, impova nezitshalo, ziyajabula ukugwinya izibungu, izinambuzane ezincane zidle amaqanda ezinyoni. Izilwane ezifuywayo kumele zithole ukutholakala kokudla okudingekayo ukuze ziphilile futhi zisebenze. Ama-lemurs amaningi kufanele adle lokhu kudla okulandelayo:

izithelo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo abazidlile emvelweni, imifino (eluhlaza futhi iphekwe kancane), okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yobisi, amasipuni asanda kufakwa, ungangeza uju, amaqanda enkukhu ebilisiwe noma amaqanda enyoni eluhlaza (izigwaca), izinambuzane nezibungu ( ungazigcina esiqandisini, futhi uziphambe ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, kodwa kungcono ukuzinikela ziphila).

Ijazi elincanyana le-lemur nalo lidinga ukunakekelwa. Emvelweni, izilwane ziyayihlanganisa ngesikhafu esikhulu somunwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincane ezihlanzekile zisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ekubukekeni kwazo. U-Lemur Lori ekhaya uzobuye ahlobise izinwele zakhe ngokucophelela njalo kusihlwa noma ebusuku, abusheleleze ngamawashi awo, kepha ikakhulukazi izilwane ezifuywayo ziyayithanda lapho ifakwa, zisithinta ngenhliziyo isisu nangemuva, zikhombisa ukugcwala okusobala. Abanikazi bangenza ibhulashi elincane lezilwane ezifuywayo ngama-bristles amancane athambile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile bagcobe imvuthuluka yabo ye-fluffy ngenqubo emnandi. Kepha ama-lemurs amancanyana akufanele abe unqotshwa: mancane kakhulu ukuthi noma ikuphi, ngisho nomncane omncane, ungalimaza isikhumba sawo.

Emvelweni wemvelo, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-lemur oluthande ukubhukuda futhi luyakwazi nokubhukuda. Zonke ezinye izilwane azize zifike emanzini. Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukugeza i-lemur: okugeza, ikakhulukazi ngama-shampoos, kungaphazamisa i-microflora yemvelo futhi kuholele ezifweni.

I-lemurs inamazinyo aqinile kakhulu. Lesi silwane sangaphandle esihle futhi esingenabungozi singakuluma kanzima uma kuthatha umunwe wakho ekudleni, ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukubeka izandla kuso. Khumbula ukuthi bavame ukuthatha ukudla kwabo okungokwemvelo ekuqaleni kuma-paws, bese bekuletha emlonyeni wabo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezandla zakho. Ngaphambi kokubheka nxazonke, isilwane sakho esithandekayo esinamehlo amahle sizokunambitha, ikakhulukazi uma kunuka iphunga lokudla noma okuthile, ngombono wakhe, esimnandi. Ungayithuki i-lemur - lokhu kuyimvelo, kodwa qaphela. I-dwarf ne-lemur lory ekhaya akuvamile ukuluma abantu, kodwa akufanelekile ukucunula isilwane. Amathe abo aqukethe inani elithile lobuthi, abuthambisa ngalo uboya emvelweni yemvelo, ukuze bazivikele ezinambuzaneni nasezinambuzaneni. Kubantu, kuphephile cishe, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho ukulunywa kubangele ukungahambi kahle komzimba, izinga lokushisa nokulunywa.

Izilwane zinelukuluku kakhulu, futhi uma unaka ukuthi isikhathi sokwenza kwazo sehla ebusuku, khona-ke bazoqala ukuthuthukisa ifulethi lakho lapho nje ulele. Iminwe enesibindi izobasiza bavule ukhiye kwi-aviary, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ikheji alivaleli latch yakudala noma ihogwe, kodwa lithembeke ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izilwane zingakwazi ukubambelela ezintanjeni, noma zize zizinambithe, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-lemurs amaningi akhetha kakhulu futhi akhetha indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kungcono ukuyigcina ngababili. Ngakho-ke, i-lemur lory ebuthaka ekhaya ihlushwa kakhulu isizungu futhi ingafa. Akudingeki nhlobo ukuthi lo mbhangqwana uthele izingane (zaziqabukela zizalela ekudingisweni), kodwa ukuxhumana nezihlobo kubaluleke kakhulu ezilwaneni.

Lapho uqala i-lemur ekhaya, khumbula ukuthi isilwane kufanele sizizwe sikhululekile, futhi singabi ithoyizi lakho lokuphila.

Izinganekwane ze-lemurs

EMadagascar, i-lemur ithathwa njengesilwane esingcwele, ngoba kunenganekwane yokuthi lapho yayingabantu abangena ehlathini, futhi, bazivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila ehlukile, yenezelwe ngoboya, bafunda ukuba khona ezihlahleni badle izithelo. Izakhamizi zesiqhingi zihlonipha lezi zilwane: lapho zihlangana nazo, zibamukela ngenhlonipho. Uma i-lemur iwela ogibeni lokuzingela, izodedelwa, futhi isilwane esilimele siyiswe ekhaya, siphathwe, bese sidedelwa ehlathini.

Kunenganekwane ngokuvela kwalezi zilwane eMadagascar, ezithi ama-lemurs ayehlala e-Afrika, kodwa azizwanga ephephile lapho, ngakho akha i-raft futhi asuka ngomkhumbi esiqhingini. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izilwane uqobo ngokwazo zingakha okungenani umkhumbi othile futhi ziwelele amanzi ziye kwenye indawo, kepha inganekwane ichaza ukubukeka kwazo.

EMadagascar, bayiqaphele kakhulu ingalo yaseMadagascar, bazama ukungaliphindi igama lakhe futhi.Kunenkolelo-ze yokuthi umuntu obulele lesi silwane nakanjani uzokufa kungakapheli nonyaka. Kukholakala ukuthi uma isilwane sikhala eduze kwendlu, kuzokwenzeka into embi. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zesaba ukulala ehlathini, ngoba uma zivuka kufanele zithole isicamelo sotshani zibekwe yingalo. Uma umcamelo ngaphansi kwekhanda lakho - linda ingcebo, ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho - isiqalekiso esibi.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-lemurs

Ama-lemurs awunazinwele ezintendeni zezandla zawo, futhi imilenze iningi lawo ifana nezandla zabantu. Isikhumba esisezandleni zezilwane sizwela kakhulu, ngakho-ke bahlola izinto ezingaziwa hhayi nje ngamehlo abo, kodwa nangezandla zabo.

Abanye besifazane baphatha amazinyane abo hhayi emhlane, njengenjwayelo, kodwa emilonyeni yabo, ngakho-ke, ukuze badle, baqala ukubeka izingane zabo bese zidla ukudla. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, insikazi ingahlala ilambile.

Ezikhathini ezomile, ama-lemurs wekati athola umswakama ku-cacti, acwilisa ameva ngokucophelela.

Onke ama-lemurs anezwi elihlabahlosile, kwesinye isikhathi elethusayo, ngoba lifana nomuntu, noma kunalokho, ukukhala kwengane. Kepha okuzwakala kakhulu kubhekwa njenge-indri. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilwane empeleni azinawo umsila, okuyisibonakaliso sabaningi sokuthola indawo, ngakho-ke ukukhala iba yisiginali. I-Lemur ngezwi elihlaba umkhosi kakhulu iyakwazi ukwazisa izihlobo ngengozi noma ukuthi ikuphi cishe kude nekhilomitha elilodwa.

Umsila we-lemurs usebenza njengohlobo lwe-pantry kubo. Yilapho bagcina khona izinqolobane zamafutha nezakhi zomzimba uma kwenzeka isikhathi sokudla noma i-hibernation.

I-lemurs iyizilwane ezinhle ezingenangozi. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kwenziwa izifundo eziningi ezizokhanyisa izici zezimpilo zabo, ngakho okungaqondakali ngathi. Ngeshwa, imisebenzi yabantu idala ukulimaza imvelo yabo, ngakho-ke, kungumsebenzi wethu ngqo ukunakekela ukugcinwa kwalezi zilwane ezihlukile.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-Indri, njengawo wonke ama-lemurs, ihlala eMadagascar, futhi ububanzi bayo busengxenyeni esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yesiqhingi. Indawo yendawo yamahlathi emvula, lapho ingatholakala khona kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kepha ithanda izindawo eziphansi.

Ukuziphatha

Ama-Indri ahlala ezihlahleni futhi ehla emhlabeni ngezikhathi ezithile. Zihamba ngamagatsha ngokuyinhloko ngosizo lwemilenze yazo yangemuva eqinile, zigxuma zisuka egatsheni ziye kwelinye noma zikhuphuka ziye phezulu. Emhlabeni, ukunyakaza kwe-indri, njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni, bagxume emilenzeni yabo yangemuva baphakamise izimbobo zabo zangaphambili emoyeni. Kuwo wonke ama-lemurs, akhuthele kakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ahamba ebusuku kuphela esimweni sezulu esibi noma lapho ehlaselwa umhlaseli. Imvamisa ungabuka ukuthi atholakala kanjani esihlahleni ekuphambukeni emagatsheni futhi ujabulele imisebe yelanga.

Ama-Indri ahlala emaqenjini amancane abantu ababili kuya kwabayisihlanu, okuthi, njengomthetho, aqukethe umbhangqwana onganane kanye nenzalo yawo. Owesifazane unamandla futhi ubeka kuqala izinto lapho ethola ukudla. Ngemuva kokushona komlingani, njengomthetho, uzithola emusha. Lo mbhangqwana ungumnikazi ocacisiwe osuka ku-17 kuya ku-40 ha, owesilisa uwuphawula ngemfihlo evela ezithweni ezikhethekile.

Izinhlobo ze-indri zihlabelela kamnandi ekuseni, abathi ngazo amalungelo abo bahlangane. Lokhu kucula, okuvame ukuzwakala phakathi kuka-7 no-11 ekuseni, kwenziwa yibo bobabili abalingani futhi kuzwakala kukude nge-2 km.

U-Indri nendoda

Igama elithi "indri" ngolimi lwendawo lisho ukuthi "nakhu." Kungahle kube, ukungaqondi phakathi kwabacwaningi nabaqondisi bamaMalagasy, ngolimi lesi silwane esibizwa ngalo empeleni, “babakoto”. Ukwethembeka emshadweni ka-Indri, ukucula kwakhe nokushiswa yilanga elangeni kuholele ezinkolelweni ezihlukene ezihambisana naye. Ngakho-ke, ngokweMalagasy, lezi zilwane zihlonipha ilanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho imiphefumulo yabafileyo, ngokusho kweMalagasy, iyaqhubeka nokuhlala e-indri. Izinkolelo-ze ezinjalo, kuze kube muva nje, bezivikela ama-indri ekuzingeleni.

Usongo olukhulu lwe-indri namuhla ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yokuhlala. Abazivumeli ukuthi zigcinwe ngaphansi kokugadwa kwabantu, okwenza izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela zingenzeki. Ezindaweni ezivikelwe, bakwazile ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo ngezinga elincane, kepha noma kunjalo, i-IUCN ihlola isimo sabo ngokuthi "sengozini" (esengozini) [ chaza ] .