I-Stork-Razini - (Anastomus) luhlobo lwezinyoni zama-ankle zomndeni wezinyoni zezingwamza (bheka i-AISTIC), kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili: ingulube yase-Eshiya (i-Anastomus oscitans) ne-stork yase-Afrika (i-Anastomus lamelligerus), yangaphandle efana ncamashi nogwada uqobo. I-Razini yehlukile ... ... I-Encyclopedic Dictionary

I-Family Storks (Ciconiidae) - Izinyoni ezinkulu ezinomlomo omude ocijile zibheke ekugcineni zingezomndeni wezingwamza. Uzinzwane lwangemuva lwezidwedwe aluthuthukiswanga kahle, izinzwani ezintathu zangaphambili zixhunywe esisekelweni yi-membrane encane yokubhukuda. Izintambo ze-Vocal nolwelwesi ... ... I-encyclopedia yebhayoloji

Umndeni we-Stork - Izingwamza ziyizinyoni ezisindayo ezinesisindo esinamandla enoqhwaku olugqinsi, imilenze emide neminwe emifushane. Uqhwaku lwazo lude, luqondile, luyindilinga, lubunjiwe futhi lubunjiwe, kwesinye isikhathi lugoba kancane phezulu, kwezinye izinhlobo phakathi kwazo zombili ... ... Impilo yezilwane

Ingquza - Leli gama linezinye izincazelo, bheka iStork (izincazelo). Izingulube ... Wikipedia

Ingulube (amanani) - I-Stork: Umndeni we-ciconia wezinyoni ovela ku-ankle oda, ohlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisithupha zofuzo nezinhlobo eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Izingulube uhlobo lwenyoni yomndeni wezingwamza. UKlyuvachi storks Storks razini "Stork" yifilimu yaseSoviet yango-1968 ngumqondisi weMoldavian uValery Zheregi ... Wikipedia

Ingulube yaseNdiya - I-Indian stork evulekile ... iWikipedia

I-Asia Stork - (I-Indian stork evulekile, ivulekile isigqoko sesiliva, ama-Anastomus oscitans), izinhlobo zezinyoni ze-ankle zohlobo lwe-Stork evulekile (bheka amaRazini storks), ubude bomzimba 65 cm 70. I-plumage imhlophe, inempukane eluhlaza okotshani kanye nezimpaphe zomsila. Bopha okuluhlaza okotshani ... Isichazamazwi se-Encyclopedic

Ingulube yase-Afrika - I-stork yase-Afrika ivulekile ... iWikipedia

Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Gongal

IGongal ihlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, kufaka phakathi amasimu akhungethwe yizikhukhula, izigodi ezingashoni kanye namachibi amade. Izinsimu ezikhungethwe yizindawo ezisetshenziselwa ezolimo zisetshenziselwa ukulima irayisi.

Izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi ezinjalo zitholakala ngokwesilinganiso endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-385 kuya kwayi-1,100 ngaphezu kolwandle. Amanzi akuso anokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-10-50. I-Gongal, njengenyoni eshisayo, idinga amanzi anele ukuze ixazululwe kulezi zindawo, eqinisekisa inala yokudla.

Indian Stork (Anastomus oscitans).

Ukuzalela Izingulube

Izinyoni zaseRazini zakha ngababili futhi ezimweni ezingavamile lapho zinesithembu. Imibhangqwana eminyene imvamisa ihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezihlahleni. Abesilisa, sebezinzile endaweni ethile, bavikela indawo yabo yezidleke futhi bahlasele nezinye izingwamza. Ukuziphatha okunjalo okunolaka kuphoqa abesilisa ukuthi baxazulule ubuhlobo njalo.

Amalungu omphakathi ongajwayelekile kangako abelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo yokusiza isidleke. Ukwakha, ukufukamela nokunakekela izingane kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezingulube ezihlala endaweni eyodwa.

I-Polygyny yobudlelwano bezidleke inomthelela ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zonke futhi iphumelela kakhulu ngokuzalanisa, ukondla nokuvikela inzalo.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa baheha izinsikazi, okukhombisa izindawo ezingaba khona zokudlela kanye nezinto zokwakha zokwakha isidleke. Lokhu kuziphatha kukhuthaza abantu besifazane ukuthi bakhethe owesilisa onomakhi omuhle womakhi. Kulokhu, izintokazi zingonga amandla futhi zigcine ukukhuluphala okudingekayo ekufukweni kwamaqanda isikhathi eside.

Owesilisa okhululekileyo ujoyina umbhangqwana owesilisa oyedwa noma uthatha indawo yowesilisa abe ngowesifazane kuqala naye abe nomshado.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ama-gongals andiza eduze komunye nomunye, imvamisa enye inyoni ngaphezu kwenye, bese iphumula, ihlale eduze kwayo egatsheni. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zikhombisa ulaka futhi zigobelana.

Isikhathi sokufuya sisukela kuJuni kuya kuZibandlela futhi sifinyelela umvuthwandaba waso ngenkathi yezikhukhula nemvula eyanele. Zombili lezi zinyoni zibamba iqhaza ekwakheni isidleke, zisebenzisa amaqabunga, utshani, amagatsha neziqu, izinto zokwakha ziqoqwa ikakhulukazi ngowesilisa. Izindindana zitholakala ngamamitha ayi-15-60 ngaphezu komhlaba. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ama-2-5. Bobabili abazali bafaka umunyu kwezinsuku ezingama-27-30. Imikhaza incike ngokuphelele kubazali bayo izinsuku ezingama-35-36, futhi iyaqhubeka nokuxhomekeka kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela ebusheni, okuvela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, amantshontsho amancane ashiya isidleke futhi ayakwazi ukuzalanisa esidlekeni abesibambele kuwo.

Lezi zilwane ziyizinyoni ezifudukayo.

Izici zokuziphatha gongal

Ama-gongals ayizinyoni ezinobungane kakhulu futhi akha amakoloni amakhulu ezihlahleni kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezingwamza namanzi wamanzi, njengamakhambi. Izikhala ezivulekile zase-Eshiya zibeka izidleke zazo eziphakeme kakhulu, zithathe indawo enkulu kunazo zonke futhi zishiya ithuba lezinye izinyoni ukuba lihlale phansi.

Izakhiwo zamakoloni zivumela amaqembu amakhulu amaqhude ukuvikela ngempumelelo amakoloni ezilwaneni ezidla lubi. Lokhu kuziphatha kwendawo kukhulisa amathuba okusinda wenzalo.

Ikholomu yokuvuleka kwase-Eshiya ingaqukatha izidleke eziyi-150, ubude bayo bube yi-100 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30. Izingwamza zihlala endaweni eseduze kwekholoni lazo, zihamba ibanga eli-1-1,5 km kuphela ukuyofuna ukudla.

Izinyoni zaseRazini zigwema izindawo zokuhlala eziyomile.

Zoo. Ingxenye 3

Bisquit / Musikladen Gogos Girl- Zoo Zoo (1981)

Qala ngesingeniso nokuqukethwe: Zoo. Ingxenye 1.
Ukuqhubeka (ngezimpawu zamanzi!): Zoo. Ingxenye 2.

Imininingwane yalolu daba inikezwe yijenali. wariwona

I-Coromandel shark, noma ushaka onesikhumba esimhlophe (lat. Carcharhinus dissumieri) luhlobo lohlobo loshaka abampunga bomndeni kaCarcharhinidae.

Ihlala e-Indian Ocean kanye ne-Western Pacific. Kusatshalaliswe kahle emanzini asogwini wePersian Ghuba kumamitha ayi-170.

Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa encane yokufunda koshaka.
I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) inikeze lolu hlobo lwabashaka isimo seCall to Vulnerability (NT).
Akuyona ingozi kubantu.
Kunikezwe igama elithile lesiLatini ukuhlonipha isihambi saseFrance uJean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883).

Uhlobo oluncane loshaka, ubude obuphakeme obungamamitha ayi-100, ubude obujwayelekile bomzimba buyisentimitha eziyi-90. I-Coromandel shark inomzimba omude ompunga omfushane, impumulo ende eyindilinga, amehlo amakhulu a-oval, indawo ephakeme ngokulinganayo, i-dorsal yokuqala enkulu, isisekelo sayo etholakala emaphethelweni angasemuva kwama-pectoral fins.

I-dorsal yesibili yinde; ubude bayo bude bufika ku-4% wobude bomzimba. Umbala ngaphezulu ungwevu, isisu simhlophe. Njengomthetho, kukhona i-crest phakathi kwama-forsal wokuqala nelesibili. Isici esivelelayo esiyingqayizivele ibala elimnyama ku-dorsal fin yesibili. Amazinyo angenhla anesimo esingunxantathu anendawo ethambekele ku-caudally point, serrations ezinkulu zidlula emaphethelweni angaphambili, umphetho wangaphambili umbozwe ngamazinyo amancane. Gill ushiye ngamabili amahlanu wobude obuphakathi.

Ushaka omnandi (lat. Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides) luhlobo loshaka kusuka kuhlobo lwe-grey shark (Carcharhinus).

Lezi oshaka bahlala emanzini ashisayo esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific kusuka eGulf of Aden kuya ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia. Zitholakala kukholomu yamanzi ekujuleni okufika kumamitha angama-50. Ubude oburekhodiwe bungamamitha ayi-1.7. Unomzimba omise okwenziwe ngendlela efanayo, i-snout ekhonjiwe, kanye namaphiko we-crescent pectoral. Izeluleko zamaphiko zimnyama.

Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezingama-bony, kanye nama-cephalopod kanye nama-crustaceans. Lezi oshaka bazalela bukhoma lokuzalwa, in udoti kuze kufinyelele 9 9, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga 9-10. E-Australia, ukuzala kwezingane kwenzeka ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari. Izinhlobo zibhekwa njengezinobungozi kubantu, noma kungekho nokuhlasela okukodwa okurekhodwe ngokusemthethweni. Kuyathakazelisa ukudoba okuthengiswayo.

Inhlobo yaqala wachazwa ngokwesayensi yisichologistologist wase-Australia uGilbert Percy Whiteleyruen ngo-1934 njengo-Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides. Usosayensi uhlole insikazi engagugi ezingama-60 cm, yabanjwa ogwini lwaseQueensland.

Njengabameleli abaningi bohlobo lwe-grey shark, ubudlelwane be-phylogenetic be-Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides abuchazeki ngokuphelele. Ngokusekelwe kwi-morphology, uJack Garrickruen ngonyaka we-1982 waphetha ngokuthi uhlobo oluhlobene kakhulu ushaka onemibala emnyama, futhi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, zisondelene noshaka omfishane onempunga.

Ngo-1988, uLeonard Compagnoruen wenza isifundo se-phylogenetic futhi wafaka lezi zinhlobo ezimbili eqenjini elifanayo kanye neCarcharhinus leiodon kanye nogebhezi olimpunga. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ze-moleyuli ze-phylogenetic azikuqinisekisanga ukusondelana kwabashayi bezimfushane abesilisa, abalinganayo, nabamnyama abamazwane

Shark shark (lat. Carcharhinus cautus) kungenye yezinhlobo zohlobo loshaka abampunga bomndeni uCarcharhinidae.

Lo shark waba negama ngenxa yokuziphatha kabi kubantu. Izimpilo emanzini asogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia, iPapua New Guinea kanye naseSolomon Islands. Lesi yisiga esincane esinsundu esinsundu noma esiyi-brownish shark esingu-1.0-1.3 m. Unobuhle obufushane, obufiphaza, Amehlo okusaqanda ne-fin yesibili enkulu. Imiphetho yangaphambili yamaphiko inomngcele omnyama, lobe ongaphansi we-caudal fin ngethiphu elimnyama.

Ngo-1945, isazi se-ichthyologist sase-Australia uGilbert Percy Whiteley wachaza oshaka abanamahloni njengendawo esetshenzisiwe yeGaleolamna greyi (manje okuyisichazamazwi esincane kunazo zonke somshaka omnyama uCarkarhinus obscurus). Izinhlobo epithet zivela egameni elithi lat. u-cauta uqaphelisisa ngokuziphatha kwakhe okwesabekayo lapho ehlangana nabantu.
Ababhali abalandela babona lo shark njengohlobo oluhlukile lohlobo lweCarcharhinus. Uhlobo luchazwe ngokususelwa ocwaningweni lwesampula lwesikhumba namazinyo sowesifazane obude obuyi-92 cm, obanjwe eShark Bay eNtshonalanga Australia.

Ngokusekelwe kwi-morphology, uJack Garrick ngonyaka we-1982 waphakamisa ukuthi ushaka onamahloni uhlobene kakhulu noshaka waseMalagasy nocturnal shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus). U-Leonard Compagno ngonyaka we-1988 wahlukanisa ngokwezifiso lezi zinhlobo ezimbili nge-black nosed (Carcharhinus acronotus), encanyana (i-Carcharhinus brachyurus), usilika (Carkarhinus falciformis) no-Cuban nocturnal shark (Carkarhinus signatus). Ubudlelwano obusondelene phakathi koshaka obabayo kanye no shark waseMalgash buqinisekiswe ngonyaka we-1992 ngokuhlaziywa kwe-allozyme nango-2011 ngocwaningo ngezinhlobo zenyukliya neze-mitochondrial.

Ingulube engwevu engwevu.

Grey Shark yengulube (lat. Carcharhinus amboinensis) inhlanzi eyizidlakudla evela kuhlobo Carcharhinus womndeni wabasakazi abampunga (Carcharhinidae). Zihlala emanzini afudumele nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Atlantic nasentshonalanga yesifunda sase-Indo-Pacific.

Bancamela amanzi anodaka angajulile naphansi ethambile, babe nendawo yokuhlala ehlukile. Banomzimba omkhulu onamahlwili amfushane. Ngaphandle, abukeka njengoshaka abadumile kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka ngenani lama-vertebrae, ubukhulu be-dinsal fins nezinye izici ezincane. Imvamisa oshaka balolu hlobo bafika kubude obuyi-1.9-2,5 m.

Ogwababa abangwevu abangwevu kungukuthi abadla izimbumbulu abazingela engxenyeni engezansi yekholamu.

Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezinama-bony nama-cartilaginous, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izinyoka zasolwandle nemikhomo. Lezi oshaka kabusha ngokuzalwa bukhoma, imibungu ithola umsoco ngokusebenzisa uxhumano placental.

E-udoti osuka kwizingane ezintathu kuya kwezingu-13, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 kuya ku-12. Oshaka abasebasha bachitha iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwabo ezindaweni ezivikelekile zasogwini, lapho ukunyakaza kwabo kuhambelana nezinguquko ezikhona nasikhathi sonyaka. Ubungako namazinyo oshaka abangwevu okwenziwe ngogwayi kubenza babe yingozi ebantwini, yize kungekho ukuhlaselwa okurekhodiwe kuze kube manje. Kwesinye isikhathi, oshaka balolu hlobo bayabanjwa kuma-anti-shark wetha kanye nokubanjiswa kokubanjiswa kwezokudoba ngokuhweba. Inyama isetshenziswa njengokudla.

Izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zaseJalimane uJohann Muller noJacob Henle baba ngabokuqala ukuchaza ngokwesayensi uhlobo olusha njengeCarcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis ngonyaka we-1839. Kamuva, izinhlobo zabelwa uhlobo loshaka abampunga. I-holotype yayingowesifazane ogcwele amasentimitha angama-74, ethathwe e-Ambon Island, e-Indonesia, okuyigama elinikezwe ngalo i-epithet yezinhlobo. Ukuqondana okuningana kwalolu hlobo kwezinhlobo ezithile kuyaziwa, phakathi lapho iTiaenodon obtusus yachazwa khona ngesisekelo se-umbungu esekupheleni kwentuthuko.

Ngokusekelwe kokufana kwangaphandle phakathi kweCarkarhinus amboinensis noshaka ongahlafuneki, kwahlongozwa ukuthi izifundo ezenziwa nge-morphology ezisuselwa ku-morphology zizoveza ubudlelwano obusondelene phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awuqinisekiswanga izifundo ze-moleyuli phylogenetic.

Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo koshaka okuhlala ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia kusikisela ukuthi umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo walezi zinhlobo lwathonywa yizinguquko ezenzeka ogwini lolwandle ngesikhathi sePleistocene. Uhlobo lokuhlukahluka olutholakala kwi-DNA ye-mitochondrial luhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwabantu ngezixaka zezindawo ezivele noma zanyamalala.

Okwakamuva kwalezivimbelo kwakuyibhuloho lomhlaba ngaphesheya kweTorres Strait, elaphinde lavela eminyakeni engama-6,000 eyedlule, okuholele ekuhlukaniseni okukhulu kofuzo phakathi koshaka abahlala ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Australia naseNyakatho Nendawo, kanye nabantu abahlala emanzini aseQueensland.

I-Carcharhinus amboinensis ihlala emanzini ashubisayo nasempumalanga ye-Atlantic esempumalanga (South Africa), olwandle i-Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Hindustan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia) nasentshonalanga yePacific Ocean (Papua New Guinea, Australia). Ngokunemba, ububanzi bawo abuchazwanga ngenxa yokufana okukhulu koshaka omfushane. Empumalanga ye-Atlantic, zitholakala eduze naseCape Verde naseSenegal, kanye naseNigeria kuye eNamibia. Kunomlando owodwa wokuba khona kukaswazi walolu hlobo kuLwandle iMedithera ngasogwini lwaseCrotone, e-Italy.

Ukubhalwa kwemininingwane nedatha yofuzo kukhombisa ukuthi i-Carcharhinus amboinensis, ikakhulukazi intsha, ayithutheki futhi inamathele endaweni ethile yomuntu ngamunye. Ibanga elikhulu kakhulu eliqoshiwe elimbozwe ngoshaka walezi zinhlobo lalingu-1080 km.

Isilwane esingaba yingozi kubantu, kepha kuze kube manje azikho izigameko zokuhlaselwa kukashaka kulolu hlobo kubantu ezibikiwe.

Ngo-1994, kwaqoshwa icala lobuthi obuningi babantu entshonalanga neMadagascar ngemuva kokudla oshaka abangwevu ngamehlo.

Abantu abangama-500 bathintekile, abangama-98 kubo bafa.
Imbangela yobuthi yi-ciguater.

I-Siguater noma i-chiguater (iSpanish. Ciguatera) yisifo esenzeka lapho kudliwa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zamadwala, izicubu zazo ezinobuthi obukhethekile begazi, i-siguatoxin.

7) I-Feline (ulwandle) i-otter.

Cat otter (lat. Lontra felina) - isilwane sasolwandle esingajwayelekile nesisifundayo esijwayelekile somndeni wama-marten.

Kwenzeka esifundeni esishisayo nesishisayo sogu lwePacific lwaseNingizimu Melika kusuka enyakatho yePeru kuye esiqongweni esiseningizimu yeCape Horn. Inani elincane lama-otter olwandle ligcinwe e-Argentina ogwini olusempumalanga yeTierra del Fuego.

Ama-otter asolwandle ethulwa esiqhingini saseFalkland, lapho alethwa khona, lapha okwamanje bahlala ngamaqembu amancane.

I-otter yolwandle yiyona encane kunazo zonke kuma-otter zohlobo lweLontra. Umzimba wakhe mnene, u-cylindrical, oblong, futhi imilenze yakhe imfushane futhi iqinile. Ngokungafani namanye ama-otter ane-undercoat ethambile, ama-otter asolwandle anobuya obunobukhulu, obulukhuni. Izinwele zangaphandle zinobude obungu-20 mm, ngaphansi kwengubo eyi-12 mm. I-otter yasolwandle ayinayo indawo yokugcina amafutha, futhi uboya kuphela bokubamba kwayo kokugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba emanzini abandayo. Ukwakheka kobo kuvumela i-otter yolwandle ukugcina ukugcina kwangaphansi komile ngenkathi isilwane simanzi.

8) I-Heracivorous Dracula.

Herbivore Dracula (lat. Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum) isinyamazane esiqhamuka emndenini wamalulwane athela iLeaf (Phyllostomidae). Naphezu kwegama layo elibi, lesi sidalwa asinangozi ngokuphelele. Ekuphuzeni igazi lomuntu akubonwanga, Idla kuphela uginindela omnandi wezithelo ezivuthiwe nezivuthiwe.

Le yinhlobo engandile kakhulu. Yatholakala emahlathini asezingeni eliphakeme aseNingizimu Melika.Kwenzeka eBolivia, eBrazil, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eVenezuela naseColombia, ikakhulukazi emithambekeni esempumalanga ye-Andes.

Izidalwa ezincane zitholakala emahlathini egalari wezindawo ezomile. Bangakwazi ukuhlala kuzo zombili ezigodini eziphansi nasezintabeni kufinyelela kumamitha angama-2250 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngezikhathi ezithile hlalani emapulazini naphakathi kwedolobha.

I-Herbivorous Dracula ihlala ngababili noma iyodwa. Phila impilo yasesikhathini. Emini, izilwane zifihla emihumeni, ezingaphansi komhlaba noma emiqhele eminyene yezihlahla zefikis.

Ikhanda nomzimba ubude mayelana ne-53-57 mm, ingalo efinyelela ku-40-42 mm. Umbala woboya bumsundu okhanyayo ngaphezulu futhi omhlophe-onsundu ezansi. Izinwele ezimhlophe ezingashadile zikhula phakathi komhlane. Isisindo singeqi ku-15-18 g. Izinsalela zomsila ezingabonakali azibonakali.

Emaphethelweni esihlokweni kukhona ihlumela lesikhumba elibunjiwe elibizwa ngokuthi iqabunga lempumulo. Emadodeni, ithuthukiswa kakhulu kunabesifazane. Izindlebe zikhulu futhi zinxantathu ngesimo.

Abesilisa ku-nape banesibaya esikhulu sesikhumba. Ngesikhathi sokulala kwemini, uvala amehlo akhe ngesimo semaskhi ukuze ukukhanya okukhanyayo kungaphazamisi ukuphumula okuhle. Abesifazane abanaso isibaya esinjalo.

IDracula izalela kabili ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yemvula. Ukukhulelwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuzohlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu.

Kuleminyaka eyishumi eyedlule, bambalwa kuphela abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane abawela ezandleni zezazi zezilwane, ngakho-ke kusaqondwa kahle.

Amagundane akhazimulayo. Akomisy.

Amagundane enaliti, Akomisa (Ama-Acomys) luhlobo lwamagundane omndeni we-murine.

Ubude bomzimba 7 cm cm, umsila ongu-6-13 cm. Amehlo amakhulu nezindlebe ezinkulu eziyindilinga.
Umhlane umbozwe ngezinaliti zangempela, ezicishe zifane ne-hedgehog. Ngokuvamile ziphuzi, ziphuzi, noma ziphuzi grey.
Ngaphansi komzimba kumbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezithambile.
Kwabesilisa abadala, uboya obude entanyeni bakha i-mane.

Amagundane ngenaliti akwazi kabusha.

Uma kwenzeka ingozi, amagundane angathulula isikhumba sawo, okuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi amahlandla angama-20 kunegciwane elijwayelekile.
Isilonda asakheli endaweni yesilonda, njengoba kujwayelekile ezincelweni ezincelisayo, kepha ukuvuselelwa ngokuphelele kuyenzeka.
Ekuqaleni amaseli epithelial ayathutha ebusweni benxeba, bese ngaphansi kwabo, ukunqwabelana kwamafomu amangqamuzana afana ne-embryonic.
Kusukela kokugcina, izingcezu zezinwele ezintsha ezigcwele zonke bese zikhula.

IHomeland Akomis Front Asia, ikakhulukazi iSaudi Arabia, iziqhingi zaseCyprus naseCrete kanye neningi le-Afrika.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemvelo, kaningi ekuthunjweni uCairo (Acomys cahirinus).

Bahlala kwizimbobo abazisika bona, kepha bangasebenzisa izimbobo zezinye izinduku. Zisebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nasekuseni kakhulu, zondla ikakhulu ngokudla kwezitshalo. Phila ngamaqembu.
Amagundane ngenaliti agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

Kuhlobo lwegundane lenaliti, i-3 subgenera nezinhlobo ezingama-20 ziyahlukaniswa.

Ukucula amagundane eCosta Rica nasePanama.

USergey Marchenko - Umphefumleli Wokuthunyelwe.)

Amagundane angajwayelekile ahlala emahlathini ashisayo ePanama naseCosta Rica - igundane u-Alston.

Kuyiqiniso, abanye izazi zezinto eziphilayo bakholelwa ukuthi iScotinomys teguina isondelene kakhulu nama-hamsters kunokuba amagundane.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona ingqayizivele yabo, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwanyana ezincane zingacula.
Kuliqiniso, ngabesilisa kuphela abahlabelelayo, nokwakha amakhulukhulu amabinzana wamazwi, inhlanganisela yabo evumela lezi zinceku ukuthi zihehe izintokazi, zixwayise izimbangi, zivikele indawo yazo nokunye.

Ngokumangazayo, abesilisa ngenkathi yokuzalela noma uma kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye (ngenxa yendawo efanayo) bahlabelela ngokuhlukile, ngaphandle kokuphazamisana, njengamadoda afundile kakhulu.

Abaphenyi baseNew York University banqume ukuthi izwi elisebuchosheni bama-Alice amagundane lilawulwa yindawo ekhethekile, efana naleyo enesibopho sokukhuluma namakhono okukhuluma afanayo kubantu.

Isibonelo, awuzange uzibuze ukuthi kungani wakha imishwana kalula, ngisho nezinzima kakhulu, ungacabangi ngakho ngakho, imiculo ekhanda lakho ivelaphi, njalonjalo?

Futhi yonke le nto isendaweni efanele yobuchopho, lapho umuntu elahlekelwa yikhono lokukhuluma, ngokwesibonelo, nge-autism, unhlangothi, ukulimala ekhanda.

Abantu, yiqiniso, abalungele izivivinyo ngemiphumela ye-neurobiological kule ndawo, kusho uMichael Long, ongomunye wososayensi baseNew York University, futhi ngenxa yalokho asikaqondi mshini wale ndawo yobuchopho, izizathu zokwephulwa kwayo.

Kepha kuvela ukuthi amagundane aseScotinomys teguina ayizilwane zokuhlola ezinhle kakhulu ngezinhloso ze-neurobiological, futhi, ngiyacabanga,
kuzosisiza ukuveza izimfihlo kulo mkhakha wezokwelapha.

Ngaleso sikhathi, abesilisa bakwa-Alston bayaqhubeka nokucula umculo wabo we-alias emahlathini asePanama naseCosta Rica, bengasoli nokuthi ukucula kwabo akubalulekile hhayi kuphela ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi wabo, kodwa nakubantu. Noma kunjalo, siphakamisa ukuthi ulalele izingcezu ezincane zamazwi anjalo futhi uzihlole wena (bona ividiyo).

Ekuphetheni, siyengeza: Abaphenyi baseMelika eDuke University bathola ukuthi cishe wonke amagundane ayacula.

Kuliqiniso, ukucula kwabo kwenzeka ebangeni umuntu angalizwa. Kuyavela ukuthi yiScotinomys teguina kuphela ezingaculayo ukuze kuthi noma abantu bezwe. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi kungani banikezwa ithalente elingaka, noma mhlawumbe isijeziso esinje.

I-Uganda armored shrew + Torah shrew.

Ngiyabonga Uzakwethu tibet888 ngesihloko!

Ososayensi bathole umkhondo oyingqayizivele ongasekela isisindo somuntu ophelele ngokuphelele.
Amandla nokukhuthazela okunjalo kunikezwa ngesakhiwo esingajwayelekile somgogodla walesi silwane.

I-Uganda armored shrew mhlawumbe uhlobo lokungajwayelekile kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwebhayoloji yeScutisorex futhi, kuze kube muva nje, kwakuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zayo. Ubungako be-unctivtivore encane ukukhuthazela kwayo okungaphezu kokuvamile: oqondayo uyakwazi ukubekezelela isisindo izikhathi eziyinkulungwane ngokwaso emhlane wakhe.

Le nhlobo isanda kutholwa eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, futhi iyinyama yesibili emangalisayo enomgogodla oyingqayizivele. Isilwane sokuqala esinjalo, i-Uganda armored shrew (Scutisorex somereni), satholakala eDemocratic Republic of the Congo ngo-1910.

Lapho-ke abacwaningi babe nesithakazelo esibonelweni esimangalisa kakhulu somgogodla wakhe, esiminyene ngokungajwayelekile, esinama-vertebrae docking nomunye ngendlela efanayo namazinyo omhlathi ongaphezulu naphansi. Njengoba kunikezwe isisindo somzimba (cishe i-100 g), lomgogodla waphenduka waba namandla kakhulu emhlabeni ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, indoda enkulu yayikwazi ukuma kulolu shini oluncane ngaphandle kokuphula umhlane wayo.

Kodwa-ke, uma noma ubani ebezama ukubheka lokhu, akaziwa nakanjani ukuthi kungani kungaziwa isizathu sokubonakala komhlane onamandla kanjalo nemisebenzi ayenzayo. Ngokombono wokubuka komzimba, lokhu kungukutholwa okubiza kakhulu, kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamandla, i-calcium, kanye nomgomo ongakacaci kithi.

Futhi muva nje, uRainer Hutterer kanye nozakwabo aseBonn Zoological Museum bathole emahlathini eCongo isihlobo esisha se-Uganda armored shrew, othole igama elithi Scutisorex thori ngokusobala, ngecebo likankulunkulu onamandla waseScandinavia Thor. Ukwakheka kwesigebhezi nomgogodla walesi siga kukhombisa ukuthi simi esigabeni esiphakathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusuka kumjondolo ojwayelekile kuya kumfudlana ohlomile wase-Uganda. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuthola ekugcineni kuzosivumela ukuba sichaze imfumbe yamandla amakhulu omgogodla wakhe.

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zaseJalimane ziphakamise ukuthi ophethe izikhali kanye nomzala wakhe omusha badinga ukubuyiselwa okunamandla okufika lapho kufihlwa khona izibungu ezisekelweni ezinamandla zamaqabunga esundu, noma izibungu ngaphansi kokuqhuma okunamandla kweziqu zemithi. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi lezi kungama-hypotheses kuphela, onjiniyela sebevele bebona umgogodla ongajwayelekile walezi zinhlaka: mhlawumbe bazokuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokwenziwa kwamandla angakaze kwenzeke.

Iningi lezilwane ezincelisayo, kufaka phakathi abantu, zinama-vertebrae amahlanu ngaphansi kwamaketanga ayinhloko omgogodla, anamagatsha ama-bony ambalwa ku-vertebra ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, uBill Stanley, isazi sezilwane eChicago Field Museum, i-Uganda armored shrew shrew ine-vertebrae eyi-10-11 ngokuhlangana okuningi kwethambo, okunika ithuba elingakaze libonwe embusweni wezilwane.

Unamandla kangangoba ngokwemibiko ebhaliwe yabaphenyi beCongo ekuqaleni kuka-1900s, ngemuva kokuthi umuntu eme ngemuva kwengalo yemizuzu emihlanu, lesi silwane sahlala siphephile futhi sinomsindo, kusho uStanley. Kodwa-ke, uStanley uqobo akaqiniseki ukuthi le ndaba iyiqiniso elimsulwa, ngoba akazange alinge ukuphinda lokho okuyingozi, kepha, ngombono wakhe, libonisa kahle idumela lokulwa phakathi kwezizwe zesizwe sakwaMangbet. Abadala bathi ukugqoka amathambo alesi siga njenge-talismans kuvikela amasosha emikhonto nakwezinhlamvu. Kule nkolelo, igama lendawo le-shrew yi-armadillo iqhawe.

Kodwa-ke, lapho uStanley evula uhlobo olusha lwe-shrew elethwe kuye ukuze akhombe, wamane washaqeka. Ngivele ngibe nama-goosebumps emhlane, uthi. Udokotela wezilwane wabona ngokushesha ukuthi ubhekene nohlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwama-armadillo shrews, owayenomgogodla ophelele xa kuqhathaniswa nomfanekiso owatholakala ekuqaleni.

UStanley waphawula ukuthi umthambo waseThor, njengoba iqembu lakhe liqala ukubiza lesi silwane phakathi kwabo, unama-vertebrae ayisishiyagalombili kuphela emuva, kanti ukubonakala kwabo kuncane kakhulu kunalezo ezazihlikihla izibhamu zase-Uganda.

UStanley kanye nozakwabo baphakamise ukuthi izimpi zikaTorls ezinobuhlakani ziyindlela yesimo emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo yama-shrews, omgogodla wakhe wakhula isikhathi eside, kunokuba usheshe, njengoba abanye ososayensi besikisela.

I-Shor's shrew iyisibonelo esihle somqondo wokulingana ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwalo mbono, ekuziphendukeleni kwezilwane kunezikhathi ezinde lapho izinhlobo zingaholi ushintsho olukhulu. Kodwa-ke izinguquko zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, bese izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezintsha zisho, omunye wababhali balolu cwaningo, uWilliam Stanley.

Okwamanje, kuze kube manje akekho noyedwa ongasho ngokuqiniseka okuphelele lapho abafundile bethola umgogodla wabo onamandla. Kepha kungani babemdinga, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo sebevele basikisele.

Umgogodla wesithwali esinezithambo ngu-4% wesisindo somzimba, hhayi u-0.5-1.6%, njengakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-vertebrae awo awahlanganisi kuphela izinqubo ezilandelwayo, kodwa futhi neyezinga eliphansi (le-ventral) neliphezulu (dorsal). Futhi, umgogodla we-lumbar une-vertebrae eyi-11, hhayi u-5, njengamanye ama-vertebrates. Konke lokhu kuqinisa kakhulu umgogodla futhi kukunikeza ukuhamba okukhulu kakhulu.

By the way, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele samathambo, i-shrew armored iyakwazi ukondla ngama-invertebrates amade, ifinyelela amasentimitha amahlanu ubude. Ukudla kwaso kuvame ukufaka izibungu ezisezingeni eliphansi, amabhungane, izintuthwane, izimvemvane namanye ama-invertebrates. Ungahlangana nesilwane esiyingqayizivele emahlathini eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda naseRwanda.

URazini uyagwaza (lat. Anastomus) luhlobo lwezinyoni ezivela emndenini weCiconiidae (Ciconiidae), kubandakanya nezinhlobo ezimbili: Ingulube yase-Afrika (Anastomus lamelligerus) no indian isudu (Anastomus oscitans).

Owokuqala wabo uhlala eSouth African Republic naseMadagascar, owesibili utholakala eSoutheast Asia. Izingulube zaseRazini zibonakala ngamapulangwe esiliva, ahlanganisa nezinto ezimnyama, abantu abamhlophe nabo bavame ukutholakala. Uqhwaku lwazo luhunyushwa ukuze luphathwe izimbotshana zezimbaza nezinye izigaxa ezondla ngazo. Ngaphezu kwama-mollusks, ama-crayfish amancane afakiwe ekudleni kwawo. Emnyakeni, kungafinyelela emantfombatane lamatsatfu angamadvodzana aseRazini. Lezi zilwane ziyizinyoni ezifudukayo ezigwema isomiso esibonakalayo se-lattropical latitude.

Isigaxa esimpunga esimpunga (I-Bugeranus carunculatus) iyinyoni enkulu yomndeni wama-cranes weqiniso, okuwukuphela kommeleli we-monotypic genus Bugeranus.

Ihlala eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Afrika. It got igama layo sibonga namacici eyingqayizivele phakathi cranes, izinqubo ezimbili eside lesikhumba ngaphansi chin, embozwe izimpaphe ezincane. Isamba sonke siyizinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili.

I-plumage yangemuva namaphiko i-ash grey. Izimpaphe ezikumqhele zimnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kulo lonke ikhanda, kumakhanda, entanyeni nangaphambili lomzimba kumhlophe. Cishe uqhwaku emehlweni kuyindawo ebonakalayo yesikhumba esibomvu, esigoqekile.

Kunabantu abathathu abaphambili balezi zinyoni. Iningi lihlala emazweni aseNingizimu ne-Afrika Ephakathi, i-Angola, iBotswana, iZaire, iZambia, iZimbabwe, iMalawi, iMozambiki, iNamibia neTanzania.

Inani elincane elihlukaniswe ezinye izinyoni lihlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zase-Ethiopia. Izinyoni ezingamakhulu ambalwa zihlala zodwa eSouth Africa. Iqoqo eliphakeme kakhulu (elingaphezu kwengxenye yawo wonke ama-cranes) laqoshwa eZambia eKafue National Park, futhi ubukhulu becala balezi zinyoni bubonwa e-Okavango River Delta eBotswana.

Ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha zojantshi abahlala e-Afrika, ikati le-catfish lincike kakhulu ebukhoneni bamaxhaphozi lapho londla khona nezidleke. Amagquma asemifuleni yemifula emikhulu yaseMelika, njengeZambezi ne-Okavango, ahlala ayizindawo zawo azithandayo ngalezi zinyoni, kepha zitholakala nasemagqumeni phakathi kobubanzi.

I-belladonna yase-Afrika, noma ipharadesi (i-crane (enamaphiko amane)), noma crane yeStanley (lat. Anthropoides Paradiseus) luhlobo lwenyoni lomndeni we crane, lohlala eNingizimu Afrika nase Namibia.

Inosayizi omncane kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke umndeni, yize unawo kusabalele ngokwanele futhi phakathi kobubanzi besibalo sawo kulinganiselwa abantu abangama-20,000-21,000.

Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, lezi zinyoni ezifundeni eziningi zishabalale ngokuphelele noma inani labo labantu lehlile kakhulu. Ikakhulu, ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zezilwane kubhekwa esifundeni saseTranskei empumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika, eLesotho naseSwaziland. Kwezinye izindawo, njengezifundazwe ezisempumalanga yeCape, Natali neTransvaal, inani labantu lehlile ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-90. I-belladonna yase-Afrika ibhekwa njengenyoni yezwe yaseRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Omunye wojantshi abancane kunabo bonke, noma ngabe mikhulu ngokulingana ne-belladonna, ukuphakama kwayo kungama-117 cm, amaphiko ayo abe ngu-182 cm, kanti isisindo sayo singama-5.1 kg. I-plumage i-brown-grey, engxenyeni engenhla yentamo futhi ingxenye engezansi yekhanda iba mnyama ngandlela thile. Izimpaphe ze-oda lokuqala zimnyama noma zihoxe grey. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ze-oda lesibili zimnyama, ziphakeme kakhulu futhi zilenga emuva cishe emhlabathini njengesitimela, zivala umsila.

Ubude bawo bufika kumamitha angama-1. Njenge-Demoiselle Crane, i-African Demoiselle, ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwama-crane, ayinazindawo zesikhumba esibomvu enqunu ekhanda. Izimpaphe ekhanda nasebunzini ziluhlaza grey noma zimhlophe, izimpaphe ezimboze izimbobo zezindlebe ezihlathini nakuyi-nape yekhanda i-ash grey.

Uqhwaku lufushane kakhulu ngemikhondo, ekhombisa indlela yalo yokuphila yasemhlabeni, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane zasemanzini.. Imilenze imnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane) ayivezwanga. Akukwenzi izingqinamba. Izinyoni ezincane zibonakaliswa ngamapulangwe alula nokungabikho kwephunga lezinsiba zesibili.

Ibanga le-belladonna African lilinganiselwe ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Afrika eningizimu yoMfula iZambezi. Bangaphezu kwama-99% abantu kulezi zinyoni eziseRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika, lapho kubhekwa njengenyoni yezwe. Futhi, inani elincane lalezi zinyoni, elinabantu abangaphezulu kuka-60, izidleke enyakatho yeNamibia, endaweni yokucindezelwa kukasawoti kanye ne-Etosha Pan National Park. Amaraga angavamile okungahleliwe atholakala kwezinye izifunda ezinhlanu.

Ukudla inyama yengulube

Izinyoni ezivulekile zase-Asia. Ukudla kuqukethe iminenke kanye nama-invertebrates amancane asemanzini, njengama-mollusks, crabs kanye nezibungu. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla iqukethe amasele, izibankwa, izinyoka, inhlanzi nezinambuzane. Amagogo ashiya amakoloni awo futhi akha imihlambi emikhulu ezindaweni ezigcwele ukudla. Kwesinye isikhathi amantshontsho e-razini aphishekela inyamazane yawo, izama ukuyibamba ngomlomo wayo omude.Ezimweni eziningi, bagwinya yonke inyamazane, noma kunjalo, bangaqala ngokuchoboza igobolondo elinamandla lomqheqhe bese bekhipha inyama ethenda.

Indima yamaqhude ama-gongal ezindaweni zemvelo

Ukuba khona kwe-Asia evulekile ezindaweni zokuhlala kusebenza njengophawu olusebenzayo lwesimo semvelo samaxhaphozi.

Ama-Razini amaxoxo nawo ayingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo enamanzi ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni ziyingxenye yeketanga lokudla.

Izindawo ezivulekile zase-Eshiya zikhiqiza indle ecebile nge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, futhi ingumanyolo obalulekile wezitshalo ezingamaxhaphozi. Lokhu-ke kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwenani lezinhlanzi kanye nemfoloko ezidla izinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvula ezivulekile zase-Eshiya zondla ngeminenke elimaza izilimo zelayisi.

Izinyoni zaseRazini zizulazula emanzini angajulile futhi zibheke inyamazane noma ukuzihlola ngomlomo wesilika.

Ukubaluleka kwama-gong storks

Inyama namaqanda ezindawo ezivulekile zase-Eshiya kubhekwa njengamakhompiyutha futhi kuthengiswa ngamanani aphezulu emakethe, okuvumela abazingeli ukuba bathole inzuzo enkulu. Ama-razini ase-Asia angabathwali nezithwali zemfuluwenza ye-bird H5N1. Kuyangabazeka ukuthi izinyoni zidlulisela ngqo i-H5N1 kubantu.

Abaphenyi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu akunakwenzeka kakhulu, njengoba ukuvuleka kwe-Asia kuvame ukuhlala kude kakhulu nabantu futhi kungenzeka kube ngumthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Habitat

I-Asia, noma i-Indian shude, noma i-gong (I-Anastomus oscitans) isatshalaliswa eSouth Asia isuka eNdiya iye eningizimu yeChina kanye neThailand: iyatholakala naseBangistan, eCambodia, eNdiya, eLaos, eMyanmar, eVietnam, eNepal, ePakistan, eSri Lanka naseThailand. Lezi zinyoni zihlala amaxhaphozi, amasimu agcwele izikhukhula lapho kutshalwa khona irayisi, amachibi angamachibi angajulile namachibi anamanzi angenamkhawulo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-gongals ihola impilo yokuhlala phansi, ingahamba isikhathi eside uma kwenzeka kuguqulwa izimo zezulu kanye nokulimazeka kwesisekelo sokudla, kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yesomiso esibonakala ngokuma kwezindawo eziphansi komhlaba. Endizeni, basebenzisa ukugeleza komoya oshisayo ukonga amandla.

Ukubukeka

IGongal ingulube ephakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufika ku-80 cm, amaphiko - 150 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-1,3 kuye ku-8.9 kg. I-plumage yalesi sulube ilula, isuka kumhlophe iye kwesiliva, ingaphezulu kwesihlwayi somlomo (ama-halves akahlanganisi ndawonye). Izinyoni ezindala zihlala zimhlophe ngokuphelele futhi izimpaphe zamaphiko zimnyama kuphela, imilenze yazo ibomvu, futhi uqhwaku luphuzi. Ezinyoni ezincane, iplamu linsundu.

Ukuziphatha komphakathi

Indian Razini Storks isidleke emakoloni, sihlela izidleke emabeleni amakhulu nasezihlahleni ezikhula eduze noma emanzini. Impilo esekholoni inika amandla amaqembu amakhulu amaqhude ukuvikela ngempumelelo amakoloni ezilwaneni ezidla lubi, okuyinto ekhulisa ukusinda kwenzalo yayo. Ikoloni lingaba nezidleke ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-150, ngalinye lifinyelela kububanzi bamamitha. Izingulube zihlala ziseduze kwendawo yazo, zihamba ibanga eli-1-1,5 km kuphela ukuyofuna ukudla.

Indlela yokuphila

Lezi yizinyoni zenhlalo, ezijwayele ukuhlala emakoloni hhayi nje kuphela nezinye izingwamza, kepha nangama-waterfowl ahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ama-herons. Imiphakathi emikhulu yezinyoni isebenza ngempumelelo ekuvikeleni izitha, ezidinga kakhulu amachwane. Njengomthetho, izingwamza zakha izidleke ezihlahleni ezisehlathini, kodwa hhayi kude nolwandle.

I-colony of storks evulekile yama-storks ifinyelela ku-150 metres izidleke ezakhiwe kuma-tiers aphezulu kakhulu, ukuze izinyoni ezinomusa zikwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi. Ubudlelwano obuhle bomakhelwane buhanjiswa kakhulu ngokuntuleka kokungqubuzana: amantshontsho awangeni ezimpini zomndeni futhi angaxabani nezinye izinyoni. Ama-Storks ahlala eduzane nekoloni, endiza kude nalo ukusuka ku-1-1,5 km kuphela ukuyofuna ukudla. Zindiza ngokushesha, ngokuzethemba zishaya amaphiko azo bese ziqhubekela ekuhleleleni uma ukuhlala emoyeni kubambezelekile.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Storks awazithandi izikhala lapho kunemisinga yomoya enamandla - ngenxa yalesi sizathu, angatholakali endiza phezu kolwandle.

Indlela yokuxhumana yezingulube ezivulekile-umoya kungukuchofoza okuhlukile komlomo. Amachwane abo kuphela asebenzisa izwi: ukuveza ukungeneliseki, acasuke noma aqhamuke amakati, njengamakati.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Kukholelwa ukuthi impilo yengwamza inqunywa izinhlobo zayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.. Umkhuba ojwayelekile awuguquki - ekuthunjweni kwezinyoni ziphila okuphindwe kabili kunasesimweni semvelo. Uma ezindaweni abahlala kuzo ezivamile ama-razini ama-STROTI angavamile ukufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-18 kuya kwengama-20, bese kuthi kuma-zoo umkhawulo omkhulu yiminyaka engama-40-45.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezingwamza ezivulekile zihlala lapho kukhona khona amanzi. Ububanzi bezindawo zaseNdiya buhlanganisa izindawo ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Asia naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, kufaka phakathi amazwe anjengalawa:

• India neNepal
• Thailand,
• I-Bangladesh
• Pakistan,
• I-Sri Lanka,
• ECambodia naseMyanmar,
• ILaos neVietnam.

IGongal ikhetha izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, kufaka phakathi amasimu akhelwe yizikhukhula (lapho kulinywa khona irayisi), imishi engamanzi namachibi angamanzi angamanzi angamasentimitha ayi-10-50. Izindawo ezinjengamanzi ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngo-0,4-1. 1 km ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Kubalulekile! Ingulube yase-Afrika evulekile ihlukaniswe yaba ngama-subspecies amabili, ngayinye inebanga layo.

I-Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus yahlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika - eningizimu yeSahara nasenyakatho ye-South Tropic. Izidleke ezinhle kakhulu (Anastomus lamelligerus madagaskarensis) izidleke entshonalanga neMadagascar. Izingulube zase-Afrika ezivulekile zithanda izindawo ezishisayo lapho kunamachibi, imifula namachibi, izindawo ezigcwala amanzi nezikhukhula ezimanzi. Izingulube zifana nemayardows lapho kukhula khona utshani obuphansi, kepha azithandi imihlanga nezihlahla ezingangeneki. Futhi, zombili izinhlobo ze-Anastomus zizama ukuziqhelelanisa nokuhlala kwabantu.

Isigaxa sogwayi

Lapho zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zizulazula emaphethelweni amanzi noma emiseleni emanzini angajulile, zigwema amanzi ajulile, ngoba zingakwazi ukubhukuda. Ngokuphikisana ne-heron, ethungatha inyamazane esimweni esingenakushukunyiswa, isisulu sogobolondo siphoqelelwa ukuhamba endaweni eyinqaba. Lapho ibone into efanelekile, inyoni iphonsa intamo yayo phambili, iyishaya ngoqhwaku lwayo bese iyigwinyisa ngokushesha. Uma inyamazane izama ukunyamalala, ibhungane limlandela, libamba ngentambo ende.

Ukudla gongal kufaka izilwane eziningi ezinwabuzelayo nezintantayo:

• iminenke nomkhamba,
• ama-mollusks
• izibungu zamanzi
• amasele
• izinyoka nezinyoka
• izinhlanzi,
• izinambuzane.

I-gonglion iginya inyamazane iyonke, yenza okuhlukile kumqhele: inyoni ibhula imidwebo yayo emihlathini enamandla ukuthola inyama emnandi lapho. Cishe izinhlobo ezifanayo eziphakathi nendawo (zamanzi nezisemhlabeni) ziwa etafuleni lesiguqulu sase-Afrika:

• i-ampullaria (iminenke enkulu yamanzi amasha),
• gastropods
• imbangi
• imifantu nezinhlanzi
• amasele
• izibungu zamanzi
• izinambuzane.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-African stork-opener imvamisa ingabangane nama-hippos, okwenza kube lula ngaye ukuthola ukudla, ikhulula umhlabathi wasogwini ngezihlakala zakhe ezisindayo.

Izitha zemvelo

Izingulube zabantu abadala azinazo neze izitha zemvelo, zazo izinyoni okufanele zibonge umlomo wazo oqinile nokwakha okuhle. Izinyoni ezidla inyama azibeki engcupheni yokuhlasela izingwamza ezinkulu nezinamandla.

Ukusuka ezindaweni ezivulekile izilwane ezidla izimbotshana ezidada ezihleliwe eziqongweni zezihlahla, lapho kungathola khona kuphela amakati amakhulu asendle. Okungavikeleki kakhulu phambi kwabo akuzona izingwebe ezindala kakhulu njengamachwane azo, okuzingelwayo kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zemfene.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwamaqhude siqala ngoJuni kuya kuZibandlela, sifinyelela umvuthwandaba wawo ngenkathi yemvula, ebonakala ngobuningi bemvula. Izingulube zithambekele ekubeni yi-monogamy futhi maningi amathuba okuba zenze imindeni yesithembu. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuqomisana bathola ulaka olungajwayelekile kubo, khetha indawo ethile, baqaphe isidleke sabo futhi bahlambalaze izincintiswano ngezikhathi ezithile. Icebo elihlukile liyasebenza kubantu besifazane.

Ukubolekisa umakoti, umkhwenyana wenza okuphambene nalokho njengomakhi futhi umakhi - uyambonisa izidleke ezifakwe ngobuhlakani nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezihlanganisiwe. Onqobayo ingulube ekhombise amakhono entofontofo kunazo zonke namakhono wokwakha ochwepheshe. Kwisayithi elilodwa, imvamisa kukhona izingwekazi eziningana ezibamba iqhaza elifanayo ekwakhiweni kwezidleke, ukuvikelwa kwezigxobo nokunakekelwa kwama-broods.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-polygyny ebonwa ezinhlwini kuhloswe ngayo ukusinda kohlobo lonke futhi ikhombisile ukusebenza kahle kwayo ngokuzalanisa, ekunciphiseni nasekuvikeleni amaphuphu. Ama-gongals nawo ane-polyandry, lapho owesilisa eba yilungu lesithathu labashadikazi abathandanayo noma uthatha indawo yalowo owayeshade naye ngaphambili.

Esiphambanweni sothando, izingwamza zindiza ngababili (imvamisa enye yezinyoni indizela phezulu) bese zihlala egatsheni ukuze ziphumule. Ngokwesifiso esithandekayo, bangathukuthela ngokungazelele futhi batshaye umlingani wabo ngemilomo yabo. Amagogo ngokuvamile aqala ukwakha isidleke (kusuka otshanini, iziqu, amahlamvu kanye namagatsha) ngemuva kokuhlangana okuphumelelayo, futhi ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokwakha kuwela emahlombe kababa wesikhathi esizayo.

Ngalesi kusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi, izinsikazi zonga amandla azo futhi zibheke ukukhuluphala ezizodinga lapho kudonswa inzalo. Ku-clutch, njengomthetho, kusuka kumaqanda ama-2 kuya ku-6 aqandwe ngabazali bobabili: insikazi - ebusuku, neduna - phakathi nosuku. Amachwane azalwa eyimpumputhe, kepha aqala ukubona ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe nge-fluff, eshintshwa yi-fluff yesibili ngemuva kwesonto.

Ama-Storks azama ukuma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa: alisebenzisa leli khono izinsuku eziyishumi, emva kwalokho aphumule ngokuzethemba ngemilenze yawo emide. Ishumi leminyaka elilandelayo lishiya kahle ukuma emlenzeni owodwa. Bobabili abazali bondla izingane ezinamakhaza, zindiza ngenye indlela zifuna ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibopho zikababa zifaka hlanganisa kabusha isidleke esichithwe izingane ezikhulayo. Kudlula izinsuku ezingama-70 futhi izingane zishiya isidleke sazo. Amantshontsho amancane aqala ukudala awabo ngababili kungekudala nje lapho eseneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, kodwa kaningi ngeminyaka engu-3-4.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

I-Stork agony, njengenye yezixhumanisi ezisezingeni lokudla lokuma kwamaxhaphozi, inikezwe izakhi ezibalulekile zalesi simiso semvelo. Ngakho-ke, izingwamza zase-Asia razini zikhiqiza indle egcwele i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen, esebenza njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimila zemashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwezinhlwathi lusindisa isivuno selayisi ngokuqothula iminenke yasemanzini parasitizing emasimini erayisi. Ogogo uqobo bayabhujiswa ngabazingeli abakhiqiza amaqanda / inyama yabo futhi bathengise lokhu kudla okunesiphundu ngamanani amnandi ezimakethe zendawo.

Kubalulekile! Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwehla isibalo sabantu abasebenza e-razini abahlala eMadagascar (subspecies A.l. madagascariensis). Izakhamizi ezonakalisayo izinyoni zibonwa njengezimbangela zalokhu.

I-African stork-opener iye yaqashelwa (njengoba ilinganiselwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Natural) izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhathazayo. Esikhathini esiningi lezi zinyoni ziyafa ngenxa yokubulala izinambuzane ezingcolisa izindawo zokugcina izidleke zendabuko.. Izindlela zokuvikela izingwamza ezivulekile-zilula - udinga ukuhlinzeka ngezinyoni ngezindawo ezanele zokuhlala izidleke nomhlaba obanzi wokudlela (amadamu / amachibi).

Incazelo

Ingwamza yaseNdiya, ngamazinga omndeni we-ciconia, iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo. Ukukhula kwe-gongal, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe kungama-81 cm, kanti amaphiko asuka ku-147-149 cm. Isisindo esiqondile somzimba asaziwa, kodwa-ke, njengomthetho, izingwamza zaseNdiya zinesisindo esingama-1,3 kuye ku-8.9 kg. Umbala we-plumage uhlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe ophuzi kuya ku-brownish hue ngezimpaphe ezimnyama namsila. Imilenze ibomvu futhi uqhwaku luphuzi -mpunga.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Indian stork-opener isigwedlo esivulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokhonkolo lwe-mandible, ethinta kuphela uqhwaku esihlokweni. Amaqhude ase-Asia, njengezinye izinhlobo zezingwamza, kuvame ukwenziwa iphutha nge-heron. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthaka, futhi, njengomthetho, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlukahluka kuphela ngesikhundla ngesikhathi sokulingiswa, hhayi ngokubukeka. Ama-gongs amancanyana anepulamu le-brownish, elenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu abadala.

Habitat

Izingulule zase-India zihlala ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, amasimu agcwele izikhukhula, izigodi ezingashoni namachibi anamanzi anosawoti. Amasimu abhuqwa yizikhukhula asetshenziselwa izinjongo zezolimo zokukhulisa ilayisi. Imvamisa, zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-380-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi ziba yi-0,5-0,5 m. I-squork-squirrel yase-Asia inyoni esondele emanzini futhi, njengomthetho, idinga imvula eyanele yokuphakelwa. Ezidlekeni, zikhetha amagatsha ezihlahla ukuphakama okungama-5-20 m ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ukuziphatha

I-Asia stork-opener inyoni yasemini. Ekuseni bandiza ngamaqembu baye ezindaweni zokudla, futhi kusihlwa babuyela ezidlekeni. Imikhuba yokuzijabulisa ingokwenhlalo futhi yakha amakoloni amakhulu ezidleke ezihlahleni ezinamanye amaswidi kanye nama-waterfowl, njengamamoni. Izilokotho zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla ukwenza lula ukwabiwa kwezinsiza phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlangene. Izingulube zaseNdiya zinezidleke eziphakeme, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zingena phezulu kwesihlahla. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamakoloni kubalulekile ngokwesu, njengoba amaqembu amakhulu amantshontsho evikela ngempumelelo leli koloni kwabazingeli. Ukuziphatha komhlaba okunjalo kuyabonakala futhi nakwabashadayo ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo. Imibhangqwana ivame ukuvikela izidleke zayo ekuhlaselweni yi-intraspecific.

Kokunye ukuhlola, kutholakele ukuthi ingqamuzana eliphakathi gongals liqukethe izidleke ezingama-150, ngasinye sinobude obuyi-100 cm nobude obungama-30 cm.Isiqu somuntu ngamunye waseAsia, njengomthetho, sihlala endaweni eseduze yekoloni laso, sijule kuphela 1 -1.5 km ukusuka kubo ukuthola ukudla noma izinto zokwakha isidleke.

Ukuxhumana nokubona

I-Gongal, ukubona imvelo incike kakhulu embonweni nasekuthintweni, kepha izifundo ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezihlobene ezinjengezimpi zaseMelika zibonisa ukuthi zingasebenzisa izibonakaliso zokusebenzisa okubi. Izinhlamvu ezikhulisiwe ze-olodoory, zinika isizathu sokuphikisana ngomqondo omuhle wephunga lezinyosi zaseNdiya. Njengezinye izingwamza, izindunduma ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-syrinx (isitho sezinyoni zezinyoni) zinokuphamba okuncane. Imisindo abayenzayo ingachazwa njenge- "ear-Ear" edabukisayo. I-Asia stork-opener, njengeyona ndlela esemqoka yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana, okuyi-resort to beak cracking. Ukuqhekeka kwezindebe futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuxhumana ngesikhathi sokuzalela.

Ukubaluleka komnotho kumuntu: Okuhle

IGongal ikhiqiza indle, esebenza njengomanyolo wezitshalo ezingamaxhaphozi, okuholela ekwandeni kwezimila kanye nakubuningi bezinhlanzi zezimboni zezinhlanzi, amadlambi ezidla kuwo. Inyama namaqanda amaqhude avulekile ase-Asia kubhekwa njengama-goodies, futhi athengiswa ngamanani aphezulu emakethe, okuvumela abazingeli ukuba bathole inzuzo enkulu. Ziphinde zidle nge-ampullaria yegolide, izilokazane eziphambili emasimini erayisi e-Asia.

Isimo sokuphepha

Ngokwezinga elikhulu, inani labantu be-gongal likhona eqenjini lezinhlobo zezinto ezinobungozi obuncane kakhulu, noma kunjalo, ezinye izinsongo ezingase ziholele ekunciphiseni kwamanani abo akhona. Izilwane ezinkulu ezinjengezimbaza zivame ukucekela phansi amaxhaphozi futhi zidle izinsiza kusebenza eziningi. Ukudoba kubuye kunciphise imithombo yokudla yama-storks ase-Asia avulekile. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziswa ngabalimi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zezolimo ingakhulisa ukufa kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi basebenzisa amarokhethi, izikhwama zepulasitiki namanye amadivayisi ayingozi ukwethusa izingwamza. Ama-gongals ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zabazingeli bezandla, okungaba nomphumela olimazayo usayizi wabantu. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwamaxhaphozi futhi kusongo olukhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izindlela ziye zathathwa ukuze kulondolozwe izingwamza zaseNdiya.Kuqaliwe kusetshenziswe imithetho eqinile enqabela ukuzingela nokuloba ezindaweni ezimanzi. Uhulumeni futhi wenza imizamo yokuqwashisa umphakathi ngokuhlongoza ukuguqula izindawo ezinamanzi zibe yizindawo zokuvakasha zezokuvakasha. Abake bazingela ngasendulo badala amakomidi ahlukahlukene ukuze kulondolozwe izilwane zasendle, ezaziphumelela ukuheha abanye abazingeli, zibathembisa ngomunye umthombo wemali engenayo.