Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-ecosystem e-aquarium kaningi ingaphuma ekuphathweni, okungaletha ukungalingani okukhulu empilweni ejwayelekile yezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo. Kungakho kunconywa okungenani kanye ngesonto ukwenza izivivinyo zamanzi ezahlukahlukene ze:

1. Amoniya.
2. AmaNitrate.
3. AmaNitrites.
4. Usawoti / Ukudonsa amandla athile.
5. pH
6. Ubulukhuni be-carbonate.
7. I-Alkalinity.
8. I-Chlorine ne-Chloramine.
9. Copper.
10. Phosphates
11. I-oxygen etholakele.
12. Iron ne-carbon dioxide.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akunconywa kakhulu ukuthenga ukuhlolwa ngakunye ngokwahlukana, kukhokha kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye. Inketho enhle ukuthenga isudi yokuhlola ephelele. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ikhithi ejwayelekile izokwanela. Kepha uma umkhumbi wenzelwe impilo yasolwandle, kunconyelwa ukuthola i-mini-kit ekhethekile. Kuze kube manje, kukhona:

1. Imichilo yokuhlola. Ngaphandle, lokhu kuhlolwa kubukeka njengemicu emincane, okuvela kuyo igama lakhona, okumele kwehliselwe esitsheni samanzi avela e-aquarium. Ngemuva kwalokho, konke okusalayo ukwenza ukuqhathanisa okubonakalayo komucu okhishwe emanzini nohlu lwemibala kit.
2. Ukuhlolwa kotshwala. Uhlobo lwesibili lokuhlola olusetshenziselwe ukuhlola isimo samanzi ku-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole imiphumela udinga ukusebenzisa i-pipette ukuqoqa amaconsi ambalwa koketshezi kit bese uwaphonsa esitsheni esilungiselelwe ngaphambili ngamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, udinga ukushukumisa isitsha kancane bese usibeka imizuzu ethile. Ngemuva kwalokho kuhlala kungukuqhathanisa umbala wamanzi otholiwe ngenani lokulawula kusuka kusethi yokuhlola.

Kuyagcizelela ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuyanconywa ukuthi kufakwe umuntu ongenandaba ukuthola imiphumela ezimele. Futhi phambi kwakhe kokwenza zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Kuhle futhi ukuthi ungamtsheli ukuthi kusho umbala othile, kepha umane umbuze ngakho. Le ndlela izokwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukudonsa iziphetho ezinembe kakhulu ngesimo samanzi e-aquarium.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubekela phambili ayimi futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izinkomba ezithile, isibonelo, i-pH, kusetshenziswa amadivaysi kagesi. Kufanele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi ezinye izivivinyo zifanele kuphela amanzi amnandi, kanti ezinye zenzelwe kuphela amanzi olwandle. Ngakho-ke, sihlala ngokuningiliziwe kokuqukethwe kwamanye amasayithi wokuhlola.

I-Iron Test (Fe)

Ngokuphathelene nezinsumansumane zokuphila kokuqina zabanye ukuhlolwa kwe-aquarium kuma-aquariums wemifino, ummeleli wenkampani ye-JBL, u-Heiko Blessin, kumhlangano wabathengisi bezilwane wangikhombisa kakhulu. Ubuye walandisa udaba lokuthi uma kungekho muntu owathenga isivivinyo sensimbi. Ngemuva kwalokho banqume ukutshela amakhasimende ukuthi isivivinyo sensimbi ukuhlolwa kukamanyolo. Njengomboniso, kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kwehle umanyolo kwi-tube yokuhlola, emva kwalokho ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuqina okukhanyayo kwekhambi lokuhlola. Futhi ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthengiswa kwalesi sivivinyo kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngale ndlela izinganekwane zizalwa ngayo phakathi kwama-aquarists.
Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa kwensimbi ayifaneleki ngokuphelele njengethuluzi lokunquma inani lezakhamzimba emanzini wezitshalo. Kumanyolo, i-iron ihlukaniswe ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele yiglates eqinile, enganqumi ngokuqondile ukuqina kwensimbi e-aquarium ngesivivinyo sokudonsa, kodwa iqinisekise ukutholakala kwensimbi yezitshalo ezise-aquarium. Futhi-ke i-iron emanzini kampompi, anganqunywa ngokuhlolwa, ngenxa yokufakwa ngokushesha kutholakala ezitshalweni ngenani elilinganiselwe. Ngalesi sivivinyo, ungabona kuphela ukuthi ngabe kukhona insimbi emanzini noma cha, njengasesimweni sokuhlolwa komanyolo ngenhla. Futhi ukuthi yinsimbi engakanani nokuthi itholakala kangakanani ezitshalweni, lokhu kuhlolwa akuvumeli ukuqonda.

Ukuhlolwa kwePhosphate

Ngokuhlolwa kwe-phosphate, akuyona yonke into embi njengoba kwenzeka lapho kuhlolwa i-iron, kepha ubufakazi bayo kufanele buthathwe ngokuqinile. Iqiniso ngukuthi lolu vivinyo likuvumela ukuthi unqume kuphela ukugcwala kwama-phosphates ancibilikisiwe emanzini. Kepha ama-phosphates amaningi angaqukethwe enhlabathini ngesimo samanzi angenasawoti noma emakhemikhali e-organic, okuthi ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala lokhu kuhlolwa kungasho.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-phosphate kunganikeza umbono wokuqukethwe kwe-phosphate kuphela ku-aquarium entsha enenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi (amatshe amatshe noma isihlabathi esihlanganayo). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlabathi iba usilika futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-phosphate kuyanda. Lapho i-aquarium indala, i-phosphate ethe xaxa isemhlabathini. Inani lama-phosphates ku-sludge ukuthi atholakala kuphela ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo futhi awafinyeleleki ku-algae, njengasesimweni se-phosphates encibilikisiwe emanzini. Kule nqubo, amagciwane abamba iqhaza elibalulekile, njengomphumela womsebenzi obalulekile ama-phosphates ancibilika bese ngokushesha udliwa emhlabathini ngezimpande zezitshalo.
Esinye isimo lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-phosphate kungadida khona lapho usebenzisa inhlabathi yezakhi. Inhlabathi enjalo ingadonsa ama-phosphates emanzini, uyihumushe ibe ngosawoti ongaphele ndawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-phosphates ngenxa yamagciwane ahlala efinyeleleka ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-phosphate kuzobonisa amanani anganakwa noma i-zero.

Ukunganakwa kwezimpawu zama-phosphates achazwe ngenhla nokusetshenziswa kwazo yizitshalo kuholele ekutheni izazi eziningi zasemanzini ziqale ukwethula ama-phosphates ngokwehlukana namanye ama-macroelements ngomzamo wokuletha ukugxilisa kwazo emanzini e-aquarium kuhlobo oluthile "oluhle". Futhi, leli nani "elihle" lavela ngenxa yokuchazwa okungalungile kwezincomo zemithamo yama-macro-fertilizer (ama-nitrate nama-phosphates). Imvamisa, imithamo ye-nitrate ne-phosphates inconyelwa njengenani lamamayela ngevolumu yamanzi e-aquarium edinga ukungezwa ngesonto. Isibonelo, umthamo we-phosphate we-1 mg / l ngeviki. Kepha ubukhulu be-mg / L busetshenziselwa ukukala ukugxilisa ingqondo, ngokwesibonelo, ekuhlolweni okufanayo kwe-phosphate. Futhi-ke, ama-aquarists amaningi abona ngephutha lokhu njengokuncoma kokugcina ukugcwala kwama-phosphates emanzini we-1 mg / l.

Ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwe-aquarium I-phosphate ingahle ibe lusizo kumakhambi, kepha ukulungisa umthamo womanyolo ngokusekelwe ezinkombeni zawo akukufanele.

I-Nitrate Test (NO3)

Ngama-nitrate, azikho izici ezinjengama-phosphates, ngoba ama-nitrate ahlala encibilikile emanzini futhi anganqwabelani enhlabathini. Ukuhlolwa kungaba wusizo lapho unakekela i-aquarium yezitshalo enesimo esisodwa - isivivinyo kufanele silinganiswe nekhambi elijwayelekile le-nitrate okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Ububi obukhulu bokuhlolwa kwe-nitrate kwanoma yimuphi umenzi ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baqala ukuqamba amanga. Elebhu, ukunquma ukugcwala kwama-nitrate, izixazululo zokuhlola zilungiswa ngosuku lokuhlaziywa nangezinsuku ezilandelayo, lezi zixazululo azethembeki kahle. Ukudonsa ukuhlolwa kwe-aquarium sebememezele impilo yasemashalofini yonyaka noma ngaphezulu, kepha ngalesi sikhathi sonke asisebenzi ngezinga elifanele. Uma ungalinganisi ukuhlolwa kwe-nitrate, ungayisebenzisa kuphela ukuqonda ukuthi ingakanani i-nitrate esemanzini e-aquarium noma cha, kepha udinga ukwenza izibalo ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, imithamo yomanyolo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Amoni / Ammonium (NH3 / NH4 +)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ammonium kuyinto engazinzile kakhulu kune-nitrate test, futhi lapha ngaphandle kokulinganiswa ngesisombululo esisezingeni le-ammonium akunangqondo ukuyisebenzisa nhlobo. Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa abakhiqizi be-ammonium akubanga ezandleni zami, konke lokhu ngemuva kokulinganiswa kwalungiswa hhayi nje nge-plus noma ukukhipha u-50%, kepha ngokoqobo izikhathi eziningi ekubhekeni phansi izinkomba zangempela. Ngisho engxenyeni yokuqala yezinsuku zokuphelelwa kwabo isikhathi. Uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwalolu vivinyo e-aquarium yezitshalo, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo (vele, ngokulungiswa kwangaphambili) kunengqondo kuphela uma ungeza imithamo emikhulu kasawoti we-ammonium njengokudla kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-ammonia futhi ikakhulukazi i-ammonia inobuthi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo, ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi eziphansi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PH (i-acidity)

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kulula kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-aquarium, inani lesikhombi se-acid acidity (pH) elinomphumela obaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni ezihambisana nokukhula kwezitshalo e-aquarium. Noma yini ama-nitrate noma i-phosphate amanani onayo ku-aquarium yezitshalo, uma i-pH ithambekele ku-8, ngeke ukubone ukukhula okuhle nokubukeka kwezitshalo eziningi. Le yinkinga ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emanzini alukhuni. Ungafunda kabanzi ngokutholakala kwezakhi zezitshalo ngokuya nge-pH esihlokweni esithi Izifo zezitshalo ze-aquarium. Lokhu kwanele ukuhlukanisa lolu vivinyo lwe-aquarium njengoba kumele ube nalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-KN (ubulukhuni be-carbonate noma i-alkalinity)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Aquarium Ukunquma ubunzima be-carbonate, i-KH (noma ngokuqondile, i-alkalinity) ingakuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani une-pH ephezulu ku-aquarium yakho ngezitshalo. Kusukela ephakeme i-KH yamanzi, iyanda i-pH yayo. Umsebenzisi onolwazi onokuhlolwa kwe-KH akadingi ngisho nokuhlolwa kwe-acid ukuze aqonde ukuthi une-pH ephansi noma ephezulu emanzini we-aquarium. Isibonelo, emanzini ane-KH ngama-degrees ayi-15, i-pH izoba ngaphezulu kwe-7 futhi kwesinye isikhathi iphakeme kakhulu. Futhi, ngosizo lwe-pH ne-KH ukuhlolwa, kungenzeka ukulinganisa ukuqoqwa kwe-carbon dioxide emanzini usebenzisa itafula elikhethekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-GH (ubunzima bebonke)

Ukuze uthole i-aquarium yezitshalo, ukuhlola ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokuphelele akubalulekile njengokuhlola ubulukhuni be-carbonate ne-pH. Njengomthetho, ubulukhuni bebonke bungama-degree ambalwa ukuphakama kune-carbonate futhi ayithinti inani le-pH. Kodwa kunezimo ezingavamile lapho ubunzima be-carbonate bungaphezulu kunesamba. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubunzima be-carbonate kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-sodium ne-potassium carbonates emanzini. Kukulesi simo ukuthi i-alkalinity kunokuba lukhuni kwe-carbonate kunembile kakhulu ukusho. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqukethe izitshalo ze-aquarium emanzini anjalo. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni, ukuhlolwa kwe-GH kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthola ukuthi ubulukhuni obugcwele emanzini abuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbonate.

Ungazisebenzisa kanjani izivivinyo?

Akunzima. Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kufakwe imiyalo enemininingwane. Imvamisa, inani elikhonjisiwe lamanzi we-aquarium lithululelwa enkomishini yokulinganisa bese i-reagent ingezwa ngokudilikayo. Ngokulandelayo, noma ngabe inani lamaconsi elethwe ngaphambi kokucatshangelwa kokushintsha kombala, noma umbala wamanzi uqhathaniswa nesilinganiso. Ukuncipha ngokuya ngamatafula, ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile noma yokuphambuka.

Yini okufanele uyenze ngemuva kokuxilongwa?

Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombise noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile, okokuqala kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi amasha ahlanzekile. Izinketho zendlela yokwenza lokhu:

1. Uma isimo sihlupheka, ungavikela amanzi ompompi izinsuku ezintathu.
2. Uma udinga ukwenza lokhu ngokuphuthumayo, ungalungisa ngokushesha i-aqua enjengale:

• Hlanza ngesihlungi sendlu ngaphandle kwesiliva, kufudumele ekushiseni kwe-aquarium, okuphathelene nehora, ukukala i-acidity uma kunesidingo, kulungise
• ulethe amanzi ngamathumba, apholile, avent okungenani ihora.

Ngemuva kwalokho buyisela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu noma ingxenye yesine ye-ketshezi elilungiselelwe kwenye yalezi zindlela ngamanzi e-aquarium.

1. Vuselela amanzi nge-reagents ekhethekile ethengiwe ukuze ususe ukungcola okulimazayo ngokushesha.

Ukuhlolwa ongakukhetha

Ngokungeziwe kusethi elincane lokuhlolwa oludingekayo, kukhona ezinye izivivinyo ezengeziwe okungenzeka ukuthi umshini wasemanzini noma angenakukwenza njengoba efisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ukuhlolwa kwePhosphate (PO4). Ngokufanele, kufanele uthole umphumela zero. Kusho ukuqina nokukhula okuzinzile kwezitshalo. Uma kukhona ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphate, khona-ke i-algae ngokushesha iqala ukukhula. Uma umkhawulo we-1-2 mg / l wedluliwe, khona-ke izinyathelo ezithathiwe eziphuthumayo kufanele zithathwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwensimbi (FE). Iqoqo le-0.05-0.1 mg / l libhekwa njengejwayelekile. Ngokwanda kwaso, izinhlanzi ziyohlupheka, kanti nokukhula kwe-algae kuzovimba futhi kutshabalalise izitshalo. Ukushoda kuzoholela ekuphuzi kwamaqabunga kanye ne-chlorosis yezitshalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Carbon dioxide (CO2). Kufanelekile kuma-aquariums wezitshalo, kanye nalapho kuvela ama-grey powdery amahlamvu ezitshalo.

Isivivinyo se-Copper (CU). Insimbi esindayo enobuthi kakhulu, ngisho nasekugxileni okuncane, ibulala ama-invertebrates futhi yenze izinhlanzi zizizwe zingathandeki. Kungaqukatha amanzi ompompi noma avele ngomhlobiso nenhlabathi. Akufanele kube ku-aquarium.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chlorine (Cl). Unobuthi kakhulu futhi unobuthi. Yethula emanzini kampompi, kepha anyamalale lapho ahlala izinsuku ezingama-2-3 esitsheni esivulekile.

Ukuhlolwa komoya-mpilo (O2). Ukuba khona kwaso kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi (emakhazeni - ngaphezulu, ekushiseni - ngaphansi). Kuyadingeka empilweni yabakhileyo kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezihlalisweni, ngoba amagciwane athembela ku-oksijini awabolayo. Hhayi kuphela ukuntuleka kwaleli gesi okuyingozi, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-calcium (Ca). Inani losawoti walo lithinta ubulukhuni bamanzi. Isibonelo, izakhamizi zasolwandle, amakhorali, ama-mollusks, amafudu adinga i-calcium eningi. Futhi kwezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini athambile, ukugcotshwa kwawo okuphakeme akwamukeleki.

Manje njengoba usuyazi ngokuhlangana kwazo zonke izinhlaka zamanzi, ngomthelela wazo empilweni nasempilweni yezakhamuzi zase-aquarium, mayelana nokuthi ungazilinganisa kanjani futhi uzilungise kanjani, sethemba ukuthi izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ziyancipha ukugula nokufa, futhi umzimba wakho wamanzi wasekhaya uzokujabulisa ngokuqhakaza kwalo unyaka wonke ukubuka.

Ngabe ukuhlolwa kwamanzi oku-aquarium kusinikeza ini?

Lapho ukhuluma nama-novice aquarists, uhlangabezana nokungaqondi ngokubaluleka kwalolu daba. Imvamisa ungezwa ngisho nse ibinzana: "Hhayi, akukho zivivinyo edolobheni lethu, uyamangaza, izinhlanzi zami ziyafa, futhi wenza izivivinyo, wenza izivivinyo ... Ngaphambi kwalokho, kwakusalungile futhi angizange ngivivinye lutho."

Ukuveza ukubaluleka kokuqapha amapharamitha wamanzi we-aquarium, ake siphendukele kwizisekelo zesayensi ye-aquarium. Nayi imibiko yakhe:

1. I-Aquarium uhlelo oluphelele, cishe oluvaliwe. Lokhu kungukuxhumana kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, lezi yizigidi zenqubo yamakhemikhali neyokuzalwa eyenzeka njalo ngomzuzwana ku-aquarium. Ngamafuphi, i-aquarium iyi-microcosm ekhaya lakho!

2. I-hydrobiont ngayinye (inhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izitshalo, amagciwane, isikhunta, nezinye izinto eziphilayo), njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, zithanda izimo ezithile, amapharamitha athile amanzi lapho kukhululekile khona.

3. Ukuthuthuka okugcwele ezimweni ezingezinhle akunakwenzeka. Endaweni “enolaka” ngamabomu, noma iyiphi into ephilayo iqala ukujwayela - ukuze ibaluleke. Ikakhulu, izinhlanzi, ngokusebenzisa indlela emangalisayo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-immune immune, ziqala "ukubekezelela" ngethemba lokuthi "izikhathi ezingcono."

4. Ukungavikeleki kwanoma iyiphi into ephilayo ayinamkhawulo, kuyaphela. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ezinye izindlela zemvelo ziyasebenza - izindlela zokufa noma "ukubhujiswa kwababuthakathaka." Umzimba ulahlekelwa izindlela zokuvikela ezawuvumela ukuba umelane nezinto ezimelana nezinto eziphilayo - amagciwane athathelanayo, isikhunta kanye namagciwane angena futhi abhubhise umzimba.

Ngokwalokho okungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi imbangela yazo zonke izinkinga zase-aquarium okuqukethwe okungalungile kwe-hydrobiont eyodwa noma enye. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi zonke izinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa zibe ngamanzi athambile (gH ngaphansi kuka-7), ezingathathi hlangothi (gH ngqo 7) kanye no-hard-water (gH ngenhla 7), “omuncu” (pH ngezansi kuka-7) kanye ne-alkaline (pH ngenhla kwe-7). Mayelana nokugcwala ubuthi obufana ne-ammonia, ama-nitrites nama-nitrate uwonke awukwazi ukukhuluma.

Lapho kwenzeka "inkinga ye-aquarium" - izinhlanzi ziyagula, into yokuqala ukubheka amanzi ukuze ahambisane "nezindinganiso" zalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle “kokufaka ukuhlelwa kwamanzi” akunakwenzeka ukwenza noma yikuphi ukwelashwa.Ukwethula izidakamizwa ekuqoqweni okukhulu kobuthi: NH3 / NH4, NO2, NO3 - ungazibulala nje izinhlanzi lapho ulahla khona, azikwazi ukumelana nomuthi kanye noshevu.

Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-aquarist ukulondolozwa kwemingcele efanelekile yamanzi - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo! Kungakho sidinga ngempela ukuhlolwa kwamanzi e-aquarium!

Ngabe lokhu okungenhla kusho ukuthi i-aquarist ekhaya kufanele ithumele i-laboratory yonke futhi isebenze njengokungathi ishaywe ngemivimbo, izigaxa namashubhu okuhlola? Vele akunjalo. Okokuqala, ngoba "i-aquarium enempilo" ihlala ibonakala - ayinayo i-turbidity, algae, saprophytic mucus, njll. Okwesibili, lapho eseqale wahlola amanzi asemanzini futhi esuka empompini, umsizi wezinhlanzi wasolwandle usevele wazi izibalo ezizoba njalo. Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo - ngezikhathi ezithile, hhayi nsuku zonke. Okwesine, ukufakwa kwezivivinyo kubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuningi, isb. uma uthenge isikhathi, ziyohlala zitholakala kalula.

Futhi into yokugcina engingathanda ukugxila kuyo - kungenza umuntu wasemanzini wokuqala, lapho eqala i-aquarium, kudingeka izivivinyo! Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenyanga yokuqala kukhona "ukuvuthwa kwe-aquarium", njengento ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo. Uhlelo olungazinzile lwebhayoloji ngenyanga yokuqala alukazinzi futhi yingakho kudingeka "kubhekwe", ikakhulukazi kubaqalayo!

Yini okunye ukuhlolwa kwamanzi e-aquarium? Yini engcono ukuyisebenzisa?

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlola ziyatholakala:

- Ukuhlolwa kwe-elekthronikhi, amadivaysi okuhlola amanzi.

Ake sibabheke besebenzisa isibonelo sokulinganisa seTetra.

Imichilo yokuhlola ye-Aquarium

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Strip kuthola imingcele eyisisekelo yamanzi: ama-nitrites, ama-nitrate, ubulukhuni, i-acidity ne-chlorine. Yini ukuhlanganiswa kwabo okulula ukusetshenziswa, udinga nje ukwehlisa umucu wokuhlola emanzini, bese uqhathanisa umbala we “izinkomba” nesilinganiso esinamathiselwe bese uthola imiphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azibizi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zingathengwa ngawodwa ezitolo zezilwane. Uyini u-minus - awanembile, izivivinyo zemivimbo zinikeza kuphela inani elilinganisiwe, okungukuthi, ngeke uthole izinombolo eziqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imichilo yokuhlola ye-ammonia ayinqunywa, futhi kubalulekile, ukuzwela kwemizambo yokuhlola kwama-nitrites kusuka ku-1 mg / l, kuyilapho isilinganiso esivumelekile esiphezulu se-NO2 singama-0,2 mg / l, okungukuthi, akukho gradation kusuka 0 kuya ku-1. Ngobulungiswa, kufanelekile ukuthi iTetra ibe nemicu yokuhlola ye-ammonia ehlukile.

Imichilo yokuhlola ingasetshenziswa ukuthola isimo se-aquarium iyonke. Ungazinciphisi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye udinga ukuqonda imihlangano yabo.

Ukulahla izivivinyo zamanzi e-aquarium

Ingabe ezinembile kunazo zonke. Umnyombo wokusetshenziswa kwabo uyafana nemichilo yokuhlola, kuphela kulesi simo ukunqunywa kwepharamitha ethile kwenzeka ngombala wewuketshezi, ngokuwuqhathanisa nombala wesikali. Ekuhlolweni ngakunye okunjalo kunemiyalo eningiliziwe, ngakho-ke ngeke singene kwimininingwane yazo zonke izinto ezenziwa lapho kuhlolwa amanzi e-aquarium ngezivivinyo ze-Drip. Qaphela ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zithandwa kakhulu futhi zamukelekile - inhlanganisela yamanani nekhwalithi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Drip kwephalamu elilodwa noma elinye lamanzi kuyathengiswa ngakunye nangamasethi, okunikeza izinketho zasemanzini. Kepha, mhlawumbe, iphupho lawo wonke umuntu wasemanzini yi-suitcase-labhorethi yokuhlolwa kwe-aquarium. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Tetra WaterTest Set Plus. Yilapho kukhona ukuhamba khona emphefumulweni we-aquarium!

Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi e-aquarium kagesi

Kunemishini eminingana enquma ipharamitha elilodwa noma elinye lamanzi. Ezinye zazo ziyabiza futhi ukuthengwa kwazo akululeki. Kepha futhi kukhona ashibhile, ngokwesibonelo, umhloli we-pH we-elekthronikhi, ongathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo samaShayina (ali-expression). Idivaysi iyinkomba ye-elekthronikhi, efanayo ngesimo nosayizi "okumaki". Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​udinga nje ukufaka amabhethri, uwalinganise (ngezikhathi ezithile, usebenzisa uketshezi lwenkomba) bese umane wehlise insimbi engilazini yamanzi ase-aquarium. Isibonisi sedijithali sizonikeza umphumela.

Ukufingqa, sincoma ukuthi izivivinyo zokuthengwa kwe-novice aquarist, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo ye-ammonia:NH3/NH4,CHA2,CHA3, okwesibili kuqhubekepHfuthiIGh.

Zonke ezinye izivivinyo nazo zibalulekile, kepha isidingo sazo ngezizathu eziningana azibalulekile.

Cl -ukuhlushwa kwe-chlorine emanzini kufanele kube ngu-zero. Okuqukethwe kwawo okuncane emanzini kuyabulala. Lokhu yingxenye yokuthi kungani sivikela amanzi ukuze i-chlorine ivele emanzini ampompo.

CO2 - I-carbon dioxide e-aquarium. Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu kuma-aquarium anenqwaba yezitshalo ezenzelwe ama-herbalists. I-CO2 ngumanyolo; kuyo, ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis, izitshalo zithatha i-carbon (C), okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni umzimba wesitshalo. Ekhuluma nge-CO2, kufanelekile ukubiza "isivivinyo sesikhathi" njenge-dropchecker, enquma ukwanela kwe-carbon dioxide e-aquarium enezitshalo. Bona imininingwane - LAPHA.

O2 -ukubalwa okulinganiselwa komoya-mpilo ku-aquarium kufanele kube ngu-0.5 mg / l. Inani lilinganiselwa ngoba wonke ama-aquariums ahlukile. Ukuntuleka kokugcotshwa okwanele komoya-mpilo emanzini kunganqunywa ngokuyinhloko inhlanzi. Bafinya umoya ngentshiseko ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi baphefumula kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi bangakuboni. Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi i-O2 iyisinkomba esibalulekile futhi akukho ukweqisa kwe-oksijini ku-aquarium, ngokuvamile izenzo ezingalungile zabaqalayo ziholela kokuphambene - ukungabikho kwakhe. Bona i-athikili ngemininingwane engaphezulu. "Umncintiswano we-aquarium".

Imali - Ukuhlolwa kokuxotshwa kwensimbi e-aquarium, evame ukusetshenziswa ngabasebenza emanzini e-herbalists. I-Iron ngumanyolo omncane wezitshalo; ukweqisa kwayo noma ukusweleka kwayo kunemiphumela emibi ethile.

Po4 - I-phosphates nayo ikalwa kuma-herbalists. Njengoba isilinganiso se-pH kuya ku-NO3 sibalulekile emanzini anjalo. Ezimanzini ngaphandle kwezitshalo, okuqukethwe kwe-phosphate kufanele kuthambekele ku-zero,

Ca - ukuqoqwa kwe-calcium, kuvame ukulinganiswa ezindaweni zasemanzini,

Cu - okuhlushwa yethusi. Ubuthi bezinhlanzi ezingenamsoco nezinhlanzi ezibucayi, kodwa nomanyolo omncane wezitshalo ze-aquarium,

Ividiyo yokuhlola amanzi ye-Aquarium

Kungani sidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-aquarium?

Iningi lezifo ezinhlanzi zase-aquarium zidalwa amanzi angekho kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane kumele zihlale zimelana nemiphumela enobuthi yama-nitrate, ama-nitrites ne-ammonia, imizimba yazo iba buthaka futhi iba sengozini. Izifo ezingalapheki ziqala ukukhula ngokukhuthala, ngoba endaweni emnyama inhlanzi izophinde igule. Ukuqeda lo mjikelezo, kufanele uqale wehlise ukugcwala kobuthi emanzini. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini okufanele ugxile kuyo - ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia, i-nitrites, i-nitrate, i-chlorine, ubulukhuni noma i-acidity, njll., Kuyadingeka ukwenza izivivinyo ze-aquarium.

Izinhlobo zokuhlola

Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi:

1. Imichilo yokuhlola. Indlela elula futhi esheshayo yokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi. Imigwaqo yehliselwa ku-aquarium, bese inkomba etholakala ngombala wesikhombi ihlolwe ngokumelene nesilinganiso semiphumela. Ashibhile futhi atholakala cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokubi. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwamanzi ku-aquarium kunikeza inani elilinganisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imichilo ayichazi ukuhlangana kwe-ammonia,

2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Drip. Bakhombisa umphumela ofanele kakhulu, ngakho-ke babhekwa njengezivivinyo ezinhle kakhulu zamanzi. I-kit iqukethe ama-reagents nesilinganiso sokuthola umphumela. I-aquarist izodinga ukuxuba amanzi avela ku-aquarium ne-reagent ngezindlela ezithile ukuthola umbala wokugcina. Ingxenye ngayinye ine-reagent yayo kanye nobukhulu bayo. Ngaphandle kokunemba nokunemba okulingana, ukuhlolwa kwe-aquarium kungabizi impela.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Njengomthetho, amadivaysi kagesi wokunquma izinhlaka zamanzi ayabiza. Kodwa wonke umuntu wasemanzini angakwazi ukukhokhela umhloli we-pH. Ukuzisebenzisa kulula kakhulu - kwanele ukukala ngetshezi lesikhombi, bese ulinciphise ku-aquarium, uphawula izinkomba esibukweni esidijithali.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

I-Iron Test (Fe)

Ukuba khona kwensimbi emanzini kubalulekile esimweni esijwayelekile sezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, umbala, ukwakheka kanye nesimo sokonakala kwezitshalo, amaqabunga neziqu ziyafa, umbala ulahlekile. Umphumela wokuhlolwa kuzokhombisa ukuthi kungakanani okudingekayo ukwandisa okuqukethwe komkhondo ngokungeza umanyolo emanzini.

I-Amonia NH3 / Nh4

I-Amonio ingenye yemikhiqizo yokugcina yamaprotheni metabolism ezifuywayo, egcotshwa ngokusebenzisa amagazi nezinso. Ukudla okuphezulu kwamaprotheni kungadala ukugxila kwe-ammonia e-aquarium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela zokudla okungabonakali zibonakala zibolile emanzini, zibolile futhi zikhulisa inani le-ammonia.

I-Amoni yenhlanzi inobuthi obhubhisayo, okokuqala, amagilebhisi. I-intoxication ibonakala ngokulahleka noma okumnyama kombala wezinhlanzi, ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe nge-mucus esikhunjeni, ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ukuphefumula okukhulu kanye ne-hemorrhage eduze kwamapayi. Uma okungenani kunenye yalezi zimpawu, kufanele ngokushesha wenze izivivinyo ze-aquarium ye-ammonia.

Ukuqina kwesisindo GH

Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kukhombisa ubukhona be-calcium ne-magnesium ions. Kubalulekile ukulawula le nkomba, ngoba izinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi ahlanzekile zithanda amanzi athambile. Izinga elijwayelekile kufanele libe phakathi kwe-5-20 dGH.

Ubulukhuni beCarbonate KN

Enye yamapharamitha aphambili amanzi amasha wezitshalo nezilwane. Ngokungafani nobunzima obujwayelekile, i-carbonate ikhombisa ubukhona be-calcium ne-magnesium carbonates. Le nkomba ivimbela ukweqa ku-acidity, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi inkomba ye-alkalinity. Inani elijwayelekile le-aquarium lamanzi acwebile lingaphakathi kuka-3-6 KN.

I-acid acid

Inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwemvelo yasemanzini. Isimo samanzi asemanzini amasha asuselwa ku-6.0 kuye ku-8.0 pH, nakuma-aquariums amakhambi ngaphakathi kwe-6.0-7.0 pH. Ukugcina ipharamitha efanele, umnikazi kufanele alinganise i-acidity esebenzisa izivivinyo njalo ngeviki. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kudluliswa izinhlanzi zisuka kwelinye ithangi ziye kwelinye, ngoba ukweqa okubukhali ku-pH kungabulala izilwane ezifuywayo.

I-Nitrite NO2

Ngaphezu kwe-ammonia, kungahle kube nokuqukethwe okukhuphukile kwe-nitrite emanzini. Kungumkhiqizo wokusebenza kwe-ammonia ngamagciwane akhethekile. Esikhathini esizayo, ama-nitrites nawo acutshungulwa ngamagciwane asetshenziswa ephepha ama-nitrate aphephile, noma kunjalo, lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi, okungenzeka kungabi nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrite.

Zinobuthi obukhulu, futhi ekuqoqweni kwe-0,5 mg ilitha lamanzi, izilwane ezifuywayo ziba buthaka futhi zingenwe yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukunquma ukugxila kwabo, kuzodingeka nokuhlolwa kwe-aquarium.

I-NO3 nitrate

Ama-nitrate angumkhiqizo wokucutshungulwa kwamagciwane we-nitrite. Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate okwandisiwe kudala ukukhula kwe-algae okusheshayo. Zingabuye zibe nobuthi kwezinye izinhlanzi, ama-shrimp kanye neminenke.

UChlorine Cl

Ukuze amanzi aphephe ezifuyweni, i-chlorine kumele ibe ngu-0. Okuqukethwe kwayo kungadlulwa kuphela uma i-aquarist ithulule amanzi engangeni ethangini.

CO2 okuhlushwa

I-CO2 ibalulekile ezitshalweni ze-aquarium. Kungenzeka ukugcwalisa amanzi nge-carbon dioxide kuphela ngendlela yokufakelwa, ngoba inani legesi elitholwa ezifuywayo alithandeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-CO2, ukukhuphuka kwe-acidity, okulimaza izimbali zasendaweni. Ngakho-ke, uma i-aquarist ibona ukuthi izitshalo ziyekile ukukhula futhi zaqala ukubuna, isinyathelo sokuqala ukubheka ukuthi i-carbon dioxide ikuphi emanzini.

I-O oxygen O2

I-oksijini iyadingeka kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, noma ngabe ihlala kuphi - ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo zizofa ngokushesha ngenxa yokugcwala. Iphutha lokudlelwa indlala komoya-mpilo, njengomthetho, ngumnikazi, ongazange anikeze i-aquarium ngezitshalo ezanele, kanye ne-compressor ne-sprayer.

Izimpawu zokwanela yilezi zinhlanzi ezilandelayo zokuziphatha:

• Ukuhlala amahora angama-24 phezulu kanye nokuthwebula komoya osemkhathini,
• Ukuphefumula okukhulu,
• Umbala ophelile, i-lethargy.

Ezimpawu zokuqala, ipompo noma i-compressor kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha, ngoba izinhlanzi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ziphile isikhathi eside nokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulile emanzini, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlukunyezwa kwayo kuqhubeka ukuwa.

Phosphates PO4

Njengama-nitrate, angumkhiqizo obanjwa ngamandla yi-aquarium flora. Noma kunjalo, ngokuqukethwe kwabo okwandayo, izitshalo azikwazi ukubhekana nokuqhutshwa. Kulokhu, i-algae izokusiza, ekhiqiza kabusha endaweni enhle. Ngomfutho ngokweqile we-phosphates, imifino ibonwa ezindongeni ze-aquarium. Futhi, amanzi athatha ilitha eliluhlaza. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo njalo, ngoba ukuqeda i-algae kunzima kakhulu kunokuvimbela ukuzala kwazo.

I-Copper Cu

Enye yezinsimbi ezinzima futhi ezinobuthi kunazo zonke zezidalwa eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ithusi liyingxenye yemithi eminingi yezinhlanzi. Kumadosi alinganiselayo, kuvunyelwe umzimba noma kubekezelelwa kancane, kepha usawoti wethusi unobuthi obukhulu. Ukuqothuka kwabo kukhuphuka emanzini athambile futhi ngesikhathi esifushane, ithusi lingabulala izakhamizi zangaphakathi nezinhlobo zamagciwane azuzayo. Iqongelela emaqabungeni ezitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho baba mnyama bese efa. Izinhlanzi zibekezelela imiphumela enobuthi kangcono, kepha noma imithamo emincane, izitho zokuphefumula ziyathinteka.

Magnesium Mg

Ngaphandle kwalokhu ku-microelement, izinqubo zemvelo ezinjenge-photosynthesis, ukushintshanisa amandla akunakwenzeka. Ngokubambisana nezinye izakhi, i-magnesium ihlinikeza ubungako obudingekayo bamanzi olwandle. Ezinye izidalwa ziyakwazi ukuqongelela i-magnesium kwezicubu, zisebenzisa yona njengethambo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-calcareous algae.

Iyiphi ikhithi yokuhlolwa edingwa umuntu ongumqashi wasemanzini?

Umuntu wasemanzini onokwethenjelwa uzothatha izilwane zakhe ezibucayi ngokungathi sína. Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokusethwa okujwayelekile kwezivivinyo, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa okunjalo okudingekayo kwe-aquarium, njenge:

• Ukuhlushwa kwe-Amonia
• Nitrate
• I-Nitrite,
• Phosphates

Ungasenza kanjani isivivinyo?

Uvivinyo lwamanzi e-aquarium lwenziwa kabili - ngaphambi kokushintsha kwamanzi kanye namahora angama-5-6 emva kwawo. Le ndlela izokwenza kucace ukuthi ukuqanjwa kokuqala bekuyini nokuthi ngabe yathuthuka yini ngemuva kokubuyisela amanzi. Njengomthetho, izinkomba ziyathuthuka futhi akukho sizathu sokukhathazeka.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthatha amanzi, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi amanzi asetankini ahlukahlukene. Ukuntuleka kokuhlunga okunamandla kungaxubanisa amanzi kancane, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwawo ezingxenyeni ezihlukile kungahluka. Into efanayo iyokwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku (ebusuku, lapho kungekho kukhanyayo, izimila ze-aquarium zingashintsha i-pH yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, isivivinyo sokuqala kufanele senziwe kusihlwa, nesesibili ekuseni kakhulu.

Uma ufuna ukunquma ukwakheka kwesendlalelo esithile, khona-ke kufanele ucishe isihlungi bese ususa amathuba okuhlangana. Ukuphuza amanzi kwenziwa kangcono ngesirinji noma ngeshubhu yomoya.

Isebenziseke kangakanani le ndatshana?

Isilinganiso esimaphakathi 5 / 5. Amavoti wokubala: 3

Akukho mavoti okwamanje. Iba ngowokuqala!

Siyaxolisa ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe akubanga nalusizo kuwe!

Yisiphi isikhathi esihle sokuqala ukuhlolwa kwamanzi?

Njengomthetho, kungcono ukuqala ngokuhlola amanzi ngaphambi kokuthengwa kwe-aquarium. Le ndlela ilungele bobabili abaqalayo kanye nezazi zasemanzini ezinolwazi olwengeziwe, ngoba izovumela ekuziqokeleleni ukuqongelela ingcebo yolwazi kanye namakhono okugcina njalo amapharamitha adingekayo endaweni yokugcina izinto zokwenziwa. Khumbula ukuthi ukwakheka okuzinzile kwemvelo nokwamakhemikhali kwendawo yasemanzini kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlanzini.

Kungakho, ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthenga izinhlanzi zabo zokuqala, ezingaba khona kalula emanzini kampompi, amapharamitha angahlolwa kalula ngokuthenga izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi isivivinyo ngasinye senzelwe ukuvivinya kuphela izinto ezithile ezilimazayo.

Indlela yesintu usebenzisa i-vodka.

Uma ungahambisani nemibandela yesayensi, umongo wale ndlela ngukuthi i-vodka e-aquarium ikhuthaza ukukhula ngokushesha kwamabhaktheriya azuzisayo asusa ama-nitrate kusuka ku-aquarium. Kodwa le ndlela ilungele kakhulu ama-aquarium anamanzi anosawoti. Futhi kuyadingeka ukubala ngokuqinile imithamo ephephile yezinhlanzi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ephumelelayo ukwehlisa ama-nitrate. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukushiya le ndlela uye kochwepheshe. Futhi kungani ukuyisebenzisa uma ama-conditioners amanzi esebenza kahle futhi ephephe kakhulu izakhamizi ze-aquarium yakho.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthola inani le-ammonia

Okokuqala, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi le nto ingumkhiqizo womsebenzi obalulekile wezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokubola kokudla okusele. I-Amoniya futhi ngesinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufa kwezinhlanzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kungakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amanani ale nto.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-calcium

Uvivinyo lokubona inani le-calcium emanzini e-aquarium kumele lwenziwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemanzini ezigcwele ngamanzi olwandle. Futhi ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izixhobo zamakhorali nezimpawu zazo. Khumbula ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuhlola alubekezeleli ukuphathwa okunzima. Futhi izinga lakhe akufanele lishiya uhla lwama-380-450 ppm.

Hlola ukuthola ubulukhuni bokubanzi bamanzi

Ngokubuka ukwakheka okuhlukile kokubili kwenhlabathi namanzi, akumangazi ukuthi inani lamanzi anosawoti e-potassium kuwo ahlukile kancane. Futhi, njengoba wazi, iningi lalawa masawoti angama-carbonates, athinta ngqo impilo yazo zonke izinhlanzi ezise-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, izinga lobulukhuni bama-carbonate kufanele libe ngu-3-15 ° d.

Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kwe-Chloramine Aquarium

Lokhu kungumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwe-ammonia ne-chlorine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chloramine ayisebenzi nje kuphela kangcono kune-chlorine, kodwa futhi ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezimbi zokubulala amagciwane ibhekana kahle ezimweni ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungabangeli ukulimala okungalingani enhlanzini, inani layo kufanele lilingane no-0. Kusebenza okufanayo ku-chlorine.

Isivivinyo se-Copper

Njengoba le nto ingeyensimbi esindayo, iphesenti lokufakelwa kwalo okuvela emapayipini amanzi elenziwe ngethusi lingene emanzini liphezulu impela. Futhi e-aquarium, le nto ingathola nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile, okuyingxenye yazo. Khumbula ukuthi ithusi liyingozi kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo echibini lokufakelwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Iodine

Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kuyimpoqo kuyo yonke imikhumbi egcwele amanzi olwandle futhi iqukethe izidalwa zamakhorali noma zangaphakathi. Njengomthetho, iodine yezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo iyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo enempilo. Kungakho kungafanele uvumele ukungabikho kwayo ku-aquarium. Ukuphela kwento oyidingayo ukubheka ukugxila kwayo.

Isivivinyo Magnesium

Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-aquarium wamanzi anosawoti. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwakheke izimo eduze kakhulu nemvelo yemvelo, kunconywa ukugcina izinga le-magnesium kusuka ku-1200 kuya ku-1500 mg / l. Futhi khumbula ukuthi nsuku zonke inani lale nto liba lincane, ngakho-ke udinga ukuliphindisela njalo. Kepha ungawudlulisi ngokufaka imithamo eminingi enconywayo.

Izilingo zeNitrite

Ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane ahlukahlukene, i-ammonia emanzini ase-aquarium iphenduka ibe yi-nitrite. Njengomthetho, ezitolo ezitholwayo ezisanda kutholwa, izinga lale nto likhula ngokushesha. Futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ukukhula kwesimo esinjalo ukwenza ushintsho lwamanzi njalo. Kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lawo wonke amagciwane afanayo, ama-nitrites aphenduka ama-nitrate. Ngokunikwa ubuthi obuphakeme bento, inani labo akufanele lidlule inani elilingana no-0.

Ukunqunywa kwe-pH yamanzi

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale izinga le-alkalinity noma i-acidity. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sabo siqukethe ukwahlukaniswa okungu-14, lapho kusuka ku-0-6 kungaphakathi okune-acidity ephansi. Kusuka ku-7-13 akuthathi hlangothi. Futhi ngenxa yalokho i-14 yi-alkaline.

Kungakho kufanele ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu lapho ukhulula izinhlanzi ezithengiwe emanzini, ngoba amanzi asanda kwethulwa angakhuphula noma anciphise izinga le-pH, ephula kabi i-microclimate esunguliwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina echibini elilodwa lokufakelwa lezo zinhlanzi ezidinga izinga le-pH elifanayo.

Uvivinyo lwePhosphate

Lezi zinto zingena esikebheni ziphuma emanzini kampompi, izinsalela ezingafakwanga zokudla noma izingxenye zezitshalo ezifile. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi okuqukethwe okwandayo kwama-phosphates e-aquarium kuzodala ukukhula okune-algae, okungathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwe, ama-corals. Ukususa le nto, ungasebenzisa zombili izinguquko zamanzi ezivamile namathuluzi akhethekile ezitolo zezilwane. Izinga labo elamukelekayo kumanzi amasha akufanele lidlule i-1.0 mg / L.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ammonium

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngesikhathi sokubola kwemikhiqizo yedoti yabantu abahlala endaweni yokugcina amanzi, izinsalela zokudla nezingxenye ezifile zezimila, kuvela izinto ezinjengama-nitrites noma ama-nitrate. Lokhu yinto ehlukile. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi kunembile ngenani le-ammonia esingaphetha ngayo ukuthi yonke imvelo ye-aquarium isebenza kanjani ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, echibini lokufakelwa eligcinwe kahle, inani lale nto lincane, ngoba esimweni esijwayelekile liyisakhi esibalulekile sezimila futhi akubeki engcupheni yezinhlanzi. Kodwa konke kuguquka kakhulu uma izinga le-ammonium landa kakhulu. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inani layo eliphezulu alidluli ku-0.25 mg / L NH4.

Usawoti

Usawoti ubheka ubukhulu bokusawoti okuncibilikisiwe, okungabalwa kusetshenziswa i-hydrometer noma i-Refractometer. Futhi yize eyokugcina ibiza kakhulu, kepha ukunemba kwayo okuphakeme kuyayanela le -backback, ngoba ngaphandle kolwazi lwamanzi anosawoti emanzini, akudingeki nokuthi ucabange ngokugcina izinhlanzi ezikhetha imvelo enjalo.

Amandla adonsela phansi

Inani lobuningi bamanzi olwandle ancibilikiswa ngosawoti maqondana nokuqukethwe kwabo emanzini amasha kubizwa amandla athile adonsela phansi. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba khona kwezinto ezahlukahlukene emanzini amasha kuncane kakhulu kunasemanzini kasawoti. Futhi inqubo yokuthola amandla adonsela phansi ahloselwe ukukhombisa umehluko ngobukhulu phakathi kwamanzi amasha nosawoti.

Okutholakele!

AmaNitrate hhayi ebulalayo njenge-ammonia noma i-nitrites. Kepha ukweqisa kwabo kungadala izinkinga njengokugomeka kokuqina kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi nokukhula okungalawulwa kwe-algae e-aquarium. Futhi njengoba esekupheleni kweketane lomjikelezo we-nitrogen, ukwehla kokuqala okubili kungenzeka kuholele ekunciphiseni ama-nitrate

. Ngamanye amagama, yenza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile futhi unake iso kumagemikhali asemanzini.

Ungawalungiselela kanjani amanzi e-aquarium?

Amanzi enhlanzi awabalulekile kangako njengomoya kubantu. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukugcwaliswa kwedamu lokufakelwa, ngoba kokubili isikhathi sokuphila kwenhlanzi nempilo yabo kuncike ngqo kulokhu, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokushintsha amanzi, kubalulekile ukuwavikela kancane. Futhi kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezenziwe ngopulasitiki, ezimbozwe nge-gauze ngaphezulu. Khumbula ukuthi kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa amabhakede agxilisiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi esezinze kancane, udinga ukuwahlunga ngesitsha esihlanzekile nocezu lwe-gauze.

Sithela amanzi ahleliwe esitsheni esisha ngokusebenzisa i-cheesecloth esongwe kaninginingi bese sifaka kulesi siqeshana ucezu oluncane lwe-peat ehlanzekile ngaphandle kokungcola. Okulandelayo, shiya isitsha izinsuku ezimbili kuze kube yilapho amanzi ethola i-amber hue. Futhi ngemuva kwalokho sigcwalisa nge-aquarium. Njengoba ubona, inqubo yokulungiswa kwamanzi ayigcini nje ngokugcwala noma ibuphi ubunzima, kepha futhi ayithathi isikhathi esiningi.

Amanani wokuphawula nemikhawulo NO3

Iningi lama-aquarists lincoma ukugcina amazinga e-nitrate phakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile be-20-30 mg / l.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kubahlali abanozwela ikakhulukazi, kuyadingeka ukwehlisa inani lalesi sikhombisi sifike ezingeni le-15-20 mg / l. Inani eliphezulu lale nto ngu-40 mg / l.

Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kuzinkomba ezijwayelekile ngokuya ngokuzwela kwezakhamuzi kungafaka impilo yazo engozini. Lokhu kuzobandakanya:

• kwehlise ukungatheleleki kanye nokudla,
• yehlisa ukukhula kwabo,
• ubuqili,
• ukonakala kokubukeka (umbala uyaphela, ukubonakala kwamabala),
• ukunqanyulwa kokusakazwa,
• umphumela obulalayo.

Yini le

Ubulukhuni bamanzi buqondwa njengokusho okuqukethwe kukasawoti we-alkaline umhlaba, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “usawoti wobulukhuni” - lokhu ikakhulukazi yi-calcium ne-magnesium. Inkomba yokuqina iyathinteka futhi yi-beryllium, i-barium, i-strontium, i-radium ne-unbinyl. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu losawoti elichithekile lenza amanzi abe lukhuni futhi lube lincane.

Ku-aquarium ecosystem, ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu kune-acidity.. Iqhaza lakhe kunzima ukulidla ngokweqile:

• I-Magnesium ne-calcium usawoti kuyabandakanyeka ekwakheni amathambo enhlanzi,
• Amandla nobulukhuni begobolondo lama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks ngokuya ngobuningi bawo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zangasese kuya ngokuqina
• Inikeza ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezitshalo nokutholwa kwazo kwezakhi zomzimba.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, okokuqala, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane zidinga izinga elihlukile lobulukhuni. Okwesibili, izidalwa eziphilayo ngazinye zidonsa i-calcium, ngakho-ke inani lazo liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi udinga ukuyigcina kwelinye izinga (noma cishe).
Izinga elilukhuni lobunzima bamanzi e-aquarium kufanele lihambisane nenkomba efanayo yezindawo zemvelo zohlobo ngalunye.