I-Zebras
Burchella Zebra (I-Equus (Hippotigris) quagga)
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

• I-Equus grevyiOustalet, 1882 - I-Zebra kaGrvy, noma i-Desert Zebra
• I-Equus quaggaBoddaert, 1785 - Burchella Zebra, noma Savannah Zebra
• I-Equus zebraLinnaeus, 1758 - Mountain Zebra

I-Zebras (lat. Hippotigris) - isitho sangaphansi sohlobo lwamahhashi, kubandakanya izinhlobo zeBurchell zebra ( I-Equus quagga ), I-zebra kaGrvy I-Equus grevyi ) ne-zebra esezintabeni ( I-Equus zebra ) Izinhlobo zama-hybrid phakathi kwamadube namabhiza asekhaya abizwa ngokuthi ama-zebroids, phakathi kwamadube nezimbongolo - ama-zebrules. Ama-Zebras ahlala emaqenjini amancane abantu besifazane anamawundlu namawele amathathu.

Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4,4-4,5 edlule, ngokusho kofuzo, kwavela umugqa I-Equuslokho kwazala onke amahhashi anamuhla, amadube nezimbongolo.

UZebra, ngokungafani nehhashi, akunakwenzeka ukugcwala, yize kwenzeka izigameko ezizodwa. Esimweni sokufutheka, amahhashi anemigqa ahluke kakhulu kubalingani bawo abasemakhaya. Zinezimpuphu nezinselo emcimbini wazo wezikhali, ezizisebenzisayo uma kuqubuka usongo oluncane. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongumhlaseli ozibeka engcupheni yokuhlasela isisulu esinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-zebra ngokwayo incane impela, ngakho ukugibela kuyo bekungakhululeki emzimbeni: ukuphakama kwe-zebra lapho ibuna kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-120 kuye ku-150 cm, kanti ngehhashi leli nani lingafinyelela ku-180 cm.

Umbala

Ngokuphathelene nombala wangemuva we-zebra, izikhundla ezimbili ezikhethekile ngokulandelana zivame ukutholakala: ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama. I-Curator yoMnyango Wezilwane Ezinkulu, i-Atlanta Zoo, uLisa Smith (Lisa smith) uthi ochwepheshe bavame ukuchaza idwala njengehhashi elimnyama emgqonyeni omhlophe. Ngaphandle kwesici esijwayelekile semivimbo emnyama nomhlophe, zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamadube phakathi kwazo azona izihlobo ezisondele kakhulu uma zihlobene nezinye izinhlobo ze-equine. Kuma-subspecion angabonakali we-zebra eyisicaba, i-quagga, imichilo yayinqunyelwe esifundeni sentamo, kanti ezinye ezinye, izinhlobo ezingahambisani ngokuphelele nazo zibonisa ukuthambekela ekwakheni imichilo emilenzeni, ngokwesibonelo, i-okapi.

Ngamagama okuvela kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imichilo mhlawumbe iyindlela yokuzivikela ngokumelene nezimpukane zamahhashi nezimpukane ze-tsetse, eziphendula ukubumbana kokukhanya, okuhluka uma kukhonjiswa ngemichilo yemibala ehlukene. Ngokusho komunye umbono, imivimbo futhi ingukucasha okuhle kwabazingeli, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola ukwakheka komzimba wesilwane, okufana nokufihla amehlo (inqwaba yezifundo, nokho, iyaphika le hypothesis) [ Umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-925 ] .

Ukubhebhetheka

Ama-Zebras ekuqaleni ayehanjiswa kulo lonke elase-Afrika. ENyakatho Afrika, aqothulwa asendulo. EYurophu, isazi-mlando esingumRoma uCassius Dion saba ngowokuqala ukusho, sibabiza ngokuthi “amahhashi elanga afana nengwe” [ Umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-925 ] .

Uhla lwanamuhla lwe-zebra ejwayelekile kakhulu luhlanganisa eningizimu yeSudan ne-Ethiopia, i-savannah yase-East Africa phezulu eningizimu yezwekazi. Ugwadule lwe-zebra lutholakala ezindaweni ezomile zase-East Africa, eKenya, e-Ethiopia naseSomalia. I-zebra yasezintabeni iyizilwane ezijwayelekile kunazo zonke, uhla lwayo lukhawulelwe ethafeni eliphakeme laseNamibia naseNingizimu Afrika, lapho litholakala endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-2000 m.

Incazelo, izici

Ukubuza umbuzo wokuthi ahlala kuphi amadube, izimvubu zihlala khona, masinyane sicabange nge-savannah yase-Afrika.

I-zebra isilwane esincanyana seqembu le-equidae kusuka kuhlobo lwamahhashi. Umzimba wakhe uphakathi ngosayizi, ufinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Isisindo singama-350 kg. Umsila ukhula ube ngu-avareji ubude obufika kuma-50 cm. Ngokuvamile abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi ukuphakama kwabo ekushwabeni cishe ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Lezi zilwane zinomzimba osindayo nothambile, imilenze emifushane ephelela ezinsweni eziqinile. I-mane emfushane iyaqina. Umugqa ophakathi wezinwele, ogijima ngemuva kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni, ubukeka njengebhulashi. Intamo inemisipha, futhi emadodeni iba mkhulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namahhashi, amadube awagijimeli kakhulu. Kepha uma kunesidingo, ijubane labo lingakhula lifinyelele ku-80 km / h. Lapho i-zebra isixoshwa, isebenzisa iqhinga elikhethekile - i-zigzag isebenza. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi angafinyeleleki kwabazingeli abaningi.

Lesi silwane asibonwa kahle, kepha sinomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, okuvumela ukuthi uzizwe ubungozi ebangeni elikhulu. Imisindo eyenziwe yi-zebra yiyona eyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ziyafana nokukhonkotha inja, kukhuza ihhashi, kumemeza imbongolo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kuncike esimweni. Ngenhlanganisela evumayo yezimo, ezimweni zemvelo, amadube angaphila iminyaka engama-30, futhi ekudingisweni asinda aze afike eminyakeni engama-40.

UZebra

I-zebra isilwane sezilwane ezincelisayo zasekilasini, i-oda le-artiodactyls, imindeni elinganayo, uhlobo lwehhashi, isizalo se-zebra (IHippotigris).

Umsuka wegama elithi "zebra" kungenzeka ukuthi unezimpande zase-Afrika, futhi wawubolekwa yilawo ma-colonists evela kumdabu, kulimi lwakhona okukhona igama elithi "zebra".

Incazelo ye-zebra, isakhiwo, izici, izithombe

I-zebra isilwane esinomzimba ophakathi nendawo, sifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude. Isisindo se-zebra singama-300-350 kg. Umsila wayo ungobude obuphakathi, imvamisa ukhula ube ngamasentimitha angama-50. I-zebra yeduna inkulu kakhulu kunensikazi, ukuphakama kwayo ekushwabeni kungamamitha ayi-1,4 - 1.5. Lezi zilwane zinomzimba obukhulu obukhulu nobunamasheya. Imilenze ye-zebra imfushane, iphelela ezinhlubeni eziqinile.

Imbobe ye-zebra imfushane futhi iyaqina. Umugqa ophakathi nendawo yenqwaba ugijimela emuva ngemuva “ngesixubho” esivela ekhanda kuye phezulu emsileni. Intamo ye-zebra inomsipha; emadodeni iba mkhulu.

Ama-Zebras awagijimeli ngokushesha njengamahhashi, kodwa uma kunesidingo angakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h. Endabeni yokuphishekela, i-zebra isebenzisa iqhinga elikhethekile le-zigzag eligijimayo, elihambisana nokukhuthazela okukhethekile, elenza izilwane inyamazane engenakutholakala.

I-zebra inamehlo angaboni kahle, kepha umuzwa wayo wephunga ukhiqizwa kahle, uvumela isilwane ukuba siphunga ubungozi obungahle bube kude futhi ngesikhathi ukuxwayisa umhlambi wezwe.

Imisindo eyenziwe amadube ihluke kakhulu. Banjengenja ekhonkotha, isondele ihhashi, ikhala imbongolo, njll. Konke kuncike esimweni lapho i-zebra ikhala khona.

Ngenhlanganisela enhle yezimo, isikhathi sokuphila kwe-zebra endle sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-25 kuya kwengama-30, ekudingisweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40.

Imivimbo ye-zebra. Kungani i-zebra imile?

Abantu abaningi babuza: “Yimuphi umbala we-zebra? Mhlophe noma umnyama. " Kusenempikiswano mayelana nombala we-zebra: lesi silwane simhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama noma okuphambene nalokho. Ososayensi bathi umbala ovelele usemnyama. Kunoma ikuphi, imivimbo esikhumbeni se-zebra yakha iphethini ehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, njengoba nje kungekho tiger ezimbili ngemivimbo efanayo.

Imivimbo ye-zebra entanyeni nasekhanda ihlelwe ngokuqondile, umzimba wesilwane upendewe ngemichilo ekhoneni, imilenze ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo evundlile. Isici esijabulisayo - amawundlu e-zebra aqaphela umama wawo ngephethini elihlukile lemivimbo.

Imivimbo yeZebra iwuhlobo lokuvikelwa: lesi silwane sihlangana nomoya oshisayo nowokuqhaqhazelisa we-savannah, iziduduzi ezidumazayo. Futhi kungokuzifihla kwezimpukane zamahhashi nezimpukane zezimpukane, zisabela kuphela kumbala ogqamile futhi zibona i-zebra njengento engenakuphikwa, okuyisiphithiphithi semivimbo emnyama nomhlophe.

Incazelo yokugcina ithi imichilo ye-zebra ifeza ukuqina komzimba wesilwane. Kukholelwa ukuthi umbala omnyama nomhlophe we-zebra ungasipholisa isilwane. Iqiniso ngukuthi izindawo zomzimba zishisa ngokuhlukile: mhlophe buthakathaka, umnyama uqine. Umehluko emazingeni okushisa abangela ukuba ama-microcirculation emoya asondelane nesilwane, esiza i-zebra ukuba iphile ngaphansi kwelanga elinukayo.

Izinhlobo zezimbila, amagama nezithombe

I-subgenus of zebras ifaka izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela:

• I-Burchella (savannah)zebra(I-Equus quagganomaI-Equus burchelli)

izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, eziqanjwa ngumbhali wezazi ngesiNgisi uWilliam Bourcell. Iphethini esikhumbeni salolu hlobo lwe-zebra iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, okutholakale kuyo ukuthi kutholakala izindlela ezi-6. Ama-subspecies aseNyakatho anephethini elishiwo ngaphezulu, ama-subspecies aseningizimu ahlukaniswa ngephethini efiphele yemivimbo emzimbeni ophansi kanye nokuba khona kwemivimbo ye-beige kusikhumba esimhlophe se-zebra. Ubungako bezebra yaseBurchellian ngamamitha ayi-2-2.4, ubude bomsila buyi-47-57 cm, ukuphakama kwe-zebra ekushwabeni kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,4. Isisindo se-zebra yaseBurchellian singama-290-340 kg. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwamazimba imboza ingxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika. I-Burchella zebra, ngokungafani nogwadule, inosayizi omncane nemivimbo engajwayelekile. Ngokungafani ne-zebra esezintabeni, i-zebra yaseBurchella ayinayo inqwaba entanyeni futhi ayinayo iphethini le-lattice ku-croup.

• IGrey's Zebra(i-zebra yasogwadule)(I-Equus grevyi)

Ibizwa ngomunye wabongameli beFrance, uJules Grevy, othole isipho ngesimo sesilwane esinemigqa kubaphathi be-Abyssinia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Abamele inhlobo ye-zebra yasogwadule babhekwa njengezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni we-equine, banomzimba omude ongafika kumamitha amathathu nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-400 kg. Ubude bomsila we-zebra yasogwadule bufika kumasentimitha angama-50. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinhlobo kungumbala wombala omhlophe noma omhlophe-ophuzi kanye nomucu omnyama obanzi odlula phakathi komhlane. Imichilo ye-zebra ye-Grevy imfishane kunezinye izinhlobo ze-zebra futhi isondelene. Umbala wemivimbo umnyama noma onsundu. Akukho imivimbo esiswini. Izindlebe ze-zebra zinsundu futhi ziyindilinga. Lolu hlobo lwamadube luvame kakhulu ebhandeni le-subequatorial engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika: Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, Meru.

• i-zebra yasentabeni (I-Equus zebra)

Inombala omnyama kakhulu nge-predominance yesudi emnyama nemivimbo emhlophe emincane. Imichilo emilenzeni ifinyelela ezinsweni. Isisindo se-zebra esezintabeni ngamakhilogremu angama-260-370, ubude be-zebra ngamamitha ayi-2,2, ukuphakama kwe-zebra ngamamitha ayi-1,2-1,5.

Ukubukwa kwamafomu angu-2

1. • I-Cape Mountain Zebra (I-Equus zebra zebra)

ivikelwe amazwe aseNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yokuqothulwa ngokweqile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Njengamanje, babalelwa ku-400 abamele izikhungo ezingaphansi kwalesi sikhathi bahlala emapaki ezwe laseNingizimu Afrika, eduze naseCape of Good Hope. ICape Zebra uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lwe-zebra. Imivimbo emincane yesilwane itholakala ekhanda. Akukho imivimbo esiswini. Ukuphakama kwe-zebra eCape lapho kubuna kungama-116-128 cm, isisindo sowesifazane (mare) sifinyelela kuma-234 kg, isisindo se-stallion singama-250-260 kg. ICape Zebra yehluka nge-zebra kaHartman ngemivimbo emincane futhi nezindlebe ezinde.

1. • IHartman Mountain Zebra (I-Equus zebra hartmannae)

isisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni, njengoba kudutshulwa ngonya ngabalimi abavikela amadlelo emfuyo yabo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhulu lama-20, inani labantu lehle izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili futhi, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, linabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane eziyi-15 abahlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eNamibia. IHartman's Mountain Zebra inkulu kune-Cape Zebra futhi inemisho emnyama emincane. Ukuphakama kwe-Harman zebra ekushwabeni kungamamitha ayi-1.5, isisindo se-zebra singama-250-350 kg.

• Ama-Zebroids nama-zebrules(i-zebra ephansi noma i-zebrapon, i-Hornetan

nzalo ye-zebra nehhashi lasekhaya, kanye namadube nembongolo, okokuqala ukuwela ngo-1815. Ekuhlanganeni, i-zebra yeduna nowesifazane ngamanye amalungu omndeni bavame ukusetshenziswa. Ama-Zebroids afana nehhashi futhi anombala kababa onezimbobo ezithile. Ama-nzalo anolaka impela, kepha amadube aqeqeshwa kangcono, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa njengokugibela nokupakisha izilwane.

Isithombe se-Zebroid (hybrid of zebra besilisa nehhashi lowesifazane)

I-Zebra ne-Donkey Hybrid

• I-Quagga(I-Quagga quagga quagga)

ukuqothuka kwezinhlobo ze-zebra. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi banamuhla, i-quagga iyinhlangano ebambekile ye-Burberlian zebra. Bahlala eSouth Africa. Phambili babenombala onemigqa, njengawo wonke amadwala, nangemuva - umbala wehhashi le-bay. Ubude bawo bomzimba babu-cm angama-180. Ama-Quaggs ayethathwa ngabantu futhi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela imihlambi. I-zebra yokugcina emhlabeni yashona e-Amsterdam Zoo ngonyaka we-1883.

Ahlala kuphi amadube?

Ama-Plain zebras ahlala emathafeni aseMpumalanga Afrika, kubandakanya nengxenye eningizimu yezwekazi, kanye namazwe aseningizimu yeSudan ne-Ethiopia. Ama-Desert zebras ahlala eKenya, e-Ethiopia naseSomalia. Ama-zebras asezintabeni ajwayelekile ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseNamibia naseNingizimu Afrika endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000. Ekuqaleni, izilwane zazibhebhetheka kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amanani abo ancipha kakhulu.

I-Zebra albino, i-zebra emhlophe

Ngabe idlani lidlani?

Ukudla kweZebra kuqukethe amakhambi ahlukahlukene, amaqabunga ezihlahlana, amagxolo ezihlahla, amahlumela, amahlumela amasha nezimpande zezitshalo. Ukudla okungenama-kilojoule kuphoqa izilwane ukuba zidle iningi losuku. Okungenani kanye ngosuku, i-zebra idinga amanzi, futhi i-zebra yowesifazane osancelayo idinga kakhulu ukuthambisa. Uma imifula namachibi kumile, izilwane zimba imithombo yokufakelwa, izimbobo, ukuya ekujuleni kwengxenye yemitha. Lapho amanzi anele aqongelela phansi, amadube awasebenzisela ukuphuza. Ezinyangeni ezomile ikakhulukazi, umhlambi weziziba uhamba amabanga amade uyofuna amadlelo aluhlaza.

Indlela yokuphila yeZebra nokuzalaniswa

Ama-Zebras ahlala emihlambini yomndeni eholwa ngumdala wendoda. Ingxenye eyinhloko yomhlambi yakhiwa abesifazane abakubudala obuhlukile namawundlu abo bobabili ubulili. Ngaphakathi emhlambini wezinkomo, amadala yi-mare endala. Amadube angamaduna asefinyelele eminyakeni engu-1-3 ubudala aba ngamakhaza futhi azakhela umhlambi wawo noma aqhubeke nokuhlala yedwa.

Ama-stallions afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba ngeminyaka emi-3, ama-mares ayakwazi ukuzalisa eminyakeni eyi-2-2,5. Ama-zebras asekhule ngokocansi azala kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3, yize abanye abantu bengaletha i-foal ngonyaka.

Amandla wokufaka umquba aqhubeka kuze kube iminyaka eyi-16 - 18.

I-zebra yesobunxele kwesilisa, insikazi yedube

Ama-Zebras awanayo isikhathi esithile sokuzala; ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-370. Ngenkathi kuzalwa iwundlu le-zebra, ama-stallion aqapha i-mare. Imfucuza imvamisa inezinyane elilodwa elibomvu onsundu elinesisindo esingama-30 kg, okungamawele angavamile.

Ingane ifinyelela ezinyaweni zayo imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngemuva kwemizuzu emi-5 ithatha amagxathu azimele, bese kuthi emuva kolunye uhhafu wehora ikwazi ukuhamba ibanga elifanele. Impungushe ye-zebra iqala ukuncela ubisi lukamama lapho ihora elilodwa ubudala.

Ubisi lwe-zebra olungajwayelekile - lupinki.

Ubisi lolu ikakhulukazi lwamawundlu, ngoba lunikeza amathole ithuba lokukhula kahle ngenxa yezinto ezikhethekile eziqukethwe kuwo, ligcina amadube amancane ezifweni eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu lubisi lubanikeza umsebenzi omuhle wamathumbu.

Izinsuku zokuqala umama unogada wakhe ngesikhwele, futhi ngasengozini encane yokusabisa ingane, ucasha emhlanjini ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yizihlobo. Naphezu kokugadwa okunjalo, uhhafu wezinyamazane uyafa ebuntwaneni kusukela ekuhlaselweni yizitha eziphambili zamadube - amabhubesi nama-hyenas - ngisho nasebancane.

Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, i-zebra encane ishintshela edlelweni, kepha iyaqhubeka nokudla ubisi lukamama kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-12-16.

Izici ze-Zebra nendawo yokuhlala

Yonke insimu yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika iyindawo ehlala phansi ye-zebra. Ama-savannah asempumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika azikhethele amadube amabi. Insimu yaseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga Afrika yathandwa amadube asezintabeni.

Izithombe zebra ezithombeni

EKenya naseTopiya, amadube asogwadule ahlala. Izimo zokuphakelayo zingahluka ngenxa yesimo sezulu. Ezikhathini ezomile, i-zebra ifudukela endaweni emanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi bangahamba ibanga elingu-1000 km. Ama-Zebras aphile ezindaweni lapho kunesilinganiso esanele sokudla kwezitshalo.

Isilwane esinemilenze ye-zebra zikhona. Lesi yindlulamithi nethambo, lapho ngezinye izikhathi babambisana futhi badla ndawonye, ​​emhlambini ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ngabo ukubona ingozi ezayo kubo futhi babaleke.

Umlingiswa weZebra nendlela yokuphila

UZebra isilwane esinelukuluku kakhulu, esivame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yalesi sici somlingiswa.Unomqondo okhule kahle wephunga, ngakho uyakwazi ukuzwa ingozi kusengaphambili. Kepha ngamehlo e-zebra kunezinkinga ezithile, umhlaseli angabonakala ngesikhathi esingafanele.

Bahlala emihlambini. Ama-ma-5-6 ama-mares awela kowesilisa oyedwa emindenini enjalo. Inhloko yomndeni ihlala ivikela ngenkani konke ukuthutha kwakhe namawundlu. Uma omunye wezinkomo esengozini, owesilisa ungena ngesibindi esiqwini esinamandla kuze kube yilapho enikezela ekucindezelweni okumangalisayo kwe-zebra yeduna futhi anciphise. Umhlambi uvame ukubala usuka kubantu abangama-50 kuye kwabangu-60, kepha kwesinye isikhathi leli nani lifinyelela kumakhulu.

Lezi yizilwane ezinokuthula futhi ezinobungane. Bahlukanisa abafowabo futhi babazi ngezwi labo, iphunga namaphethini kwimivimbo. Nge-zebra, le mivimbo emnyama nomhlophe inhlobo efana nephasipoti enesithombe somuntu.

Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu salezi zilwane ezinemigqa ibhubesi. Leo ngaphandle kokuzifihla kwabo ngemicu. Kunoma ikuphi, ubathola ngenxa yenyama emnandi ayithandayo.

Lapho egijima, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sengozi, i-zebra ingafinyelela isivinini esingama-60-65 km / h ukuphakama kwesilwane, ngakho-ke, ukuze ijabulele inyama yayo emnandi, ibhubesi kufanele lisebenze kanzima lisebenzise amandla amaningi.

Ithuluzi elinamandla lokuvikela i-zebra izinselo zalo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi balala bemi. Indawo yokukhosela ihlelwe ngamaqembu amakhulu ukuze izivikele ekuhlaselweni okungenzeka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye. Lawa maqembu awapheli, aguquka ngezikhathi ezithile. Omama kuphela abanezingane zabo abasala bahlukanisiwe.

Imizwa yabo iyabonakala ezindlebeni. Lapho i-zebra isizolile, izindlebe zayo ziqonde, ngokwesaba ziqondiswa phambili, futhi ngentukuthelo emuva. Lapho ulaka, idube liqala ukudonsa umoya. Ngokubona inyamazane eduzane, umsindo omkhulu ukhonkotha uqhamuka kubo.

Ukusuka ezilwaneni ezinhle nezolile, zingaphenduka zibe zimbi futhi zibe zasendle. Isitha se-zebra yakhe singasishaya ngokungenamusa futhi sizilume. Ukuzibiza ngamathebula cishe akunakwenzeka. Futhi akekho noyedwa onesibindi owakwazi ukubeka isihlalo somshado. UZebra esithombeni ngokuzithandela ukujabulisa umuntu. Ubuhle obuthile obuhle kanye nomusa kufihlwe kulesi silwane esihle.

Ukudla kweZebra

Konke ukudla kwezitshalo yikho okuthandayo. izilwane zasendle amadube. Amaqabunga, izihlahlana, amagatsha, utshani obuhlukahlukene kanye namagxolo ezihlahla - yilokhu abamele lolu hlobo abalukhethayo.

Zebra isilwane savannah ubukhazikhazi kakhulu. Badla nje inani elikhulu lezimila. Badinga ukuphuza ibhodlela elomile elinamanzi amaningi, ngoba lokhu kuzodinga amalitha angama-8-10 ngosuku.

Ihlala kuphi i-zebra?

Ama-zebras amfushane ahlala ema-savannahs e-Afrika (empumalanga). Ingxenye eningizimu yezwekazi (eningizimu yeTopiya neSudan) nayo ingena ebangeni labo. EKenya, eSomalia naseTopiya, kuhlala izinhlobo zezinkozi zamadube. Ukuhlala kwabantu ezintabeni kuvamile eSouth Africa naseNamibia endaweni ephakeme yezindawo zezintaba kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2000.

Ekuqaleni, amadube asatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke izwekazi, kepha namuhla isibalo sawo sehlile kakhulu.

Kancane mayelana nezinye izilwane

Zihlala kuphi izingwe, izingwe, izinyamazane? I-zebra lapho ihlala khona iyatholakala. Ama-savannah ase-Afrika ayindawo yokuphila nezingwe (ngaphandle kwezingwadule). Ungahlangana nabo eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Asia (ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi azikho izingwe lapho kungekho manzi amasha.

Uhla lwama-cougars aseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. Izindawo ezihlala kulo ziyahlangana nezindawo zokusabalalisa zezisulu zalo eziyinhloko - inyamazane. Isilinganiselo esiyinhloko sendawo umhlaba walezi zilwane ukuze siphile ukutholakala kokudla okwanele nezindawo zokucasha ezitheni.

I-zebra, kanye nendlovu, indlulamithi, ibhubesi nemvubu, kungenye yezimpawu zomhlaba wezilwane ezwekazini elanga. Kuyiqiniso, ngakolunye uhlangothi unokhahlo futhi unesihluku lapho ehlala khona amadube. Amabhubesi nabanye abaningi abahlaseli bahlasela amazinyane asanda kuzalwa. Emaphathini angama-50%, baba yizisulu zezilwane ezinjengamabhubesi, izingwenya, amakhabe, njll.

I-Savannah (i-Equus quagga noma i-Equus burchelli) noma i-Burchell zebra

Lesi silwane sathola igama laso sibonga kusosayensi wezesayensi odumile waseNgilandi uWilliam Burchella.

Umbala uncike lapho i-zebra ihlala khona. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ama-4 asatshalaliswa kwi-Southeast Africa yonke:

I-Chapman's Zebra, indawo yokuhlala yaseSouth Angola, iTransylvania. Ifaka imivimbo emincane emzimbeni, ingafinyeleli izinselo. UZebra Boehme, uGrant unenombolo encane yemivimbo emnyama entanyeni yakhe. Kuvamile enyakatho ne-Afrika. I-zebra yeBurchella ngokwayo iqothulwe.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-savannah zibonakaliswa izindlebe ezincane, ukungabikho kwesihlangu sesifuba. Imivimbo emnyama ku-croup ihlangana phakathi kwe-grill.

Ubukhulu ngobude bufika ku-2.7 m, ukuphakama kufike ku-1.46 m. ​​Isisindo singafinyelela kuma-345 kg.

Umsoco: okusanhlamvu Uhlushwa isomiso kanzima; uma efuna amanzi angathuthela emahlathini nasezintabeni. Abekho abantu abangaphezu kwe-10 abahlala emihlambini yemindeni.

Mayelana nemivimbo emzimbeni we-zebra

Abaningi banesifiso sokuthola impendulo yombuzo wokuthi yini umbala we-zebra. Akusekho mpendulo eyodwa mayelana nombala wayo. Ngabe isilwane simnyama emgqeni omhlophe noma okuphambene nalokho? Ososayensi abaningi banombono wokuthi umbala ovelele umnyama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imivimbo esikhumbeni salesi silwane yakha iphethini ehlukile kumuntu ngamunye.

Ekhanda nasentanjeni, imivimbo ihlelwe ngokuqondile, futhi umzimba unemivimbo. Emilenzeni ye-zebra iqondile. Lesi sici sombala siyindlela yokuvikela lesi silwane. Lokhu kungenxa yohlobo lwalezo zindawo lapho ahlala khona amadube. Ku-savannah, umoya uyashisa futhi uyathuthumela. Kuyo, i-zebra ibonakala kahle kanye nemvelo ezungezile, idumaza izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kubuye kube yimfihlakalo yezimpukane ze-tsetse nezimpungushe. Babona i-zebra njengento emnyama nokumhlophe engangeneki.

Kunombono owodwa othokozisayo wokuthi umbala omnyama nomhlophe uyakwazi ukupholisa umzimba wesilwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo zomzimba zishisa ngendlela ehlukile: imnyama inamandla, imhlophe ibuthakathaka. Futhi umehluko kumazinga okushisa ukhuthaza ukuqhakaza komoya okuhambahamba kwesilwane, okumsiza ukuba aphile ngaphansi kwelanga elishisa njalo.

Incazelo Nezici

Isilwane sihlanganisa izici ezisezandleni zembongolo, ihhashi. UZebra - Isilwane amancane ngosayizi, ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-2, isisindo esifinyelela ku-360 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kunama-mares ngosayizi, ukukhula kwawo okuphezulu kwe-1,6 m.

Umzimba okhuthazayo, izindlebe eziphakeme, nomsila omude impela zibonisa izici zobabhemi ojwayelekile. I-zebra ine-mane yezinwele ezimfushane zesakhiwo esiqinile esime nkqo. Ibhulashi elinoboya lihlobisa ikhanda, linwebele emuva emsileni.

Imilenze iphansi, iminyene, iqiniswe ngamahlosi aqinile. Izilwane ziya gallop ngokushesha, kuze kufike ku-75 km / h, yize ziphansi ngamahhashi ngejubane. Amasu wokugijimisana nokujika okubukhali, ukunyakaza okusikayo kusiza ukugwema ukuphishekela. Ama-Zebras aphakeme emzabalazweni wezinyamazane ezinkulu ngenxa yamandla omzimba, ukukhuthazela.

UZebra esithombeni ngamehlo agqamile, kepha iso lakhe lamehlo abuthakathaka, yize isilwane, njengomuntu, sihlukanisa imibala. Umuzwa omuhle wephunga ukuvumela ukuba uzulazule, ngenxa yakhe izilwane zizwa ingozi ebangeni elihle ukusuka kumhlaseli.

Ukumemeza ngokusongelwa kokuhlaselwa, ama-zebras aqaphi axwayisa yonke imindeni. Imisindo eyenziwe izilwane ihlukile kakhulu - izwi le-zebra ngezikhathi ezahlukene lifana nokukhala kwamahhashi, ukukhonkotha kwezinja ezifuywayo, ukukhala kwembongolo.

Lalela izwi le-zebra

UZebra isilwane esinemizila iphethini ehlukile yoboya ikhadi lokushaya lomuntu. Imidwebo yomuntu ngamunye yombala wesilwane ibonakaliswa ekushintshanisweni kwemivimbo, kuhluke ngobubanzi, ubude, ukuma. Ukuhlelwa okuqondile komugqa kufana nekhanda nentamo, iphethini ngokuthambekela isemzimbeni, imivimbo eqondile isemilenzeni.

Umbala uhlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala yemindeni:

• abantu abanephethini elimnyama nelimhlophe babonakala emathafeni asenyakatho ne-Afrika,
• amadube anemivimbo emnyama nompunga, umbala omsundu woboya - amasoso eningizimu ye-Afrika.

Izilwane ziyaqashelana ngokuphelele, futhi amathole anquma ngokunembile umuntu uqobo. Izingxabano, umbala wombala oyisisekelo, kade walindwa. Kaningi encazelweni ye-zebra kunencazelo yehhashi elimnyama ngokuba khona kwemicu emhlophe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzofundwa imibungu. Umbala omnyama uhlinzeka nge-pigmentation, ngokungabikho kwayo, kwakhiwa uboya obumhlophe.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ekuthuthukisweni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umbala wemvelo uqhamuke njengendlela yokuvikela ezinhlwini eziningi zamahhashi nakwezinye izinambuzane, ezinamehlo awo abukeka ngendlela ehlukile, zibona njengento engenakuphikwa.

Enye inkolelo-ze yososayensi ihlobanisa umbala ohlukile nokuvikelwa ezidlozini, ezivinjwa imivimbo eqaqa amandla ekuthini zikhombe izisulu zomoya oshubisayo. Iphuzu lesithathu lokubuka lichaza ubukhona bamaqembu ngokushiswa okukhethekile komzimba - amabhendi afuthelwa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze ukunyakaza komoya endaweni eseduze. Ngakho amadube ayakwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo.

Ekuhlukaniselweni kwama-amadube, izinhlobo ezi-3 ziyahlukaniswa:

I-Savannah zebra. Kunegama lesibili - iBurchell, ngoba kungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi kufundwe izakhamizi zase-Afrika eziyimichilo, ezichazwe yisazi sezilwane uV. Burchell. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, le nhlobo inqwaba, isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke impumalanga ye-Afrika.

Isilwane esincane, cishe amamitha ayi-2,4 ubude, sinesisindo esingama-340 kg. Ukuqina kombala, ukucaca kwephethini yoboya kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ngenxa yalokho kutholakala izincazelo ezi-6 ze-savannah zebra. Kuchazwe incazelo yezinhlobo ze-quagga zebra, ezinyamalale engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19.

Ukubonakala kwesilwane bekuhlangene kukabili - umbala wehhashi lehhashi elingemuva le-torso, iphethini elinezintambo ngaphambili. Izilwane ezisetshenzisiwe isikhathi eside zaziqapha imihlambi. Amaqembu emindeni asemahlathini anabantu abacishe babe yi-10. Ngezikhathi ezithile ezomile, izilwane zihamba eduze kwezintaba zithutha lapho zifuna khona okuluhlaza okotshani.

Ugwadule uZebra. Igama elingeziwe - I-zebra kaGrrey ivele ngemuva kokuba ubuholi be-Abyssinia bethule uMongameli waseFrance lapho ehlala khona emnkantshubomvu. Izilwane zigcinwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezinamapaki ezwe lonke lase-East Africa - i-Ethiopia, Kenya, i-Uganda, iSomalia.

Umuntu ohlala ehlane makhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamadube - umuntu uqobo ungama-3 m ubude futhi unesisindo esingama-400 kg. Umehluko obalulekile uyabonakala kumbala wejazi elimhlophe, ubukhona bendwangu emnyama eceleni kwegede. Isisu se-zebra sikhanya, asinemivimbo. Imvamisa yamabhendi iphezulu - ahlelwe denser. Izindlebe zombala onsundu, ziyindilinga.

Intaba Zebra. Ukuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili - iCape neHartman. Zombili lezi zinhlobo, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ezithathwe izazi zezilwane, zisongelwa ngokunyamalala okuphelele ngenxa yephutha labalimi bezokuzingela indawo abadubula izakhamuzi zakuqala zaseningizimu nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. ICape Zebra inezinhlobo ezincane, ayinayo umdwebo esiswini.

I-zebra kaHartman ihlukaniswa izindlebe ezinde ikakhulukazi.

Indawo ehlukile kuhlalwa kuyo nzalo evelile ngenxa yokuwela amadube nehhashi lasekhaya, amadube nembongolo. Owesilisa yi-zebra, ifa eliqhamuka kulo umbala onemibala. Ikhwalithi ebalulekile yabantu aba-hybrid ukuphumelela ngokuqeqeshwa kuqhathaniswa ne-zebra yasendle.

Ama-Zebroids afana namahhashi apendwe kancane emithethweni yawoyise. Zebrulla isilwane se-zebra kuphela ngokuba khona kwemichilo ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba. Ama-hybrids anomlingiswa onolaka kakhulu ongalungiswa. Izilwane zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha iphakethe.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

UZebra isilwane sasendle Izwekazi lase-Afrika. Enyakatho, izakhamuzi zasendle emathafeni aluhlaza zaziqothulwa kudala. Amaningi ogwadule, izinhlobo ze-savannah zebra zigcinwa engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziseningizimu nezwe. Abantu abancane be-zebra bezintaba bahlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo.

Ukuxhumana kwezilwane kwezilwane kuboniswa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izilwane kwesinye isikhathi zibuthana emihlanjini embalwa evela emaqenjini ahlukene abantu abayi-10 kuye kwabangu-50. Umndeni we-zebra (owesilisa, owama-5-6 mares, foals) unesikhundla esiqinile, amawundlu ahlala engaphansi kokuvikelwa okunamandla kwabantu abadala.

Amaqembu emindeni angahlala ngokwehlukana, ngaphandle komhlambi. Ezilwaneni ezisezansi, kunezihlobo zezinsizwa ezingakazitholi izintokazi zazo. Baxoshwa emhlambini ngenxa yempilo ezimele lapho befika eminyakeni engu-3. Abantu abanesizungu abangazange bajoyine izihlobo, bavame ukuba yizisulu zemifino, izingwe, amabhubesi, amahlosi.

Isici sokuziphatha kwe-zebra yikhono lokulala lisukuma, lihamba njengeqembu ukuze livikeleke kwabazingelayo. Abantu abaningi ababukele bagada ukuthula komndeni. Phindisela ezitheni uma kunesidingo. Isimo se-zebra esingatholakali ngesikhathi sokulwa, ukukhuthazela akuvumeli ngisho nengonyama ukubhekana nakho.

Lapho kuvela isitha, izilwane zenza umsindo wokukhonkotha. Ukuqapha kwemvelo, ukudangala kushiya ithuba elincane labazingeli bokubhekana ne-zebra. Abantu ababuthakathaka kakhulu, izimpungushe ezibuthaka emzimbeni ezihlukaniswe nomhlambi ziba inyamazane.

UZebra kusantavan Kuhlanganiswe kahle emhlanjini nezinye izakhamizi zase-Afrika - izindlulamithi, izidudla, izinyoni zasendle, izintshe, izindlulamithi ndawonye ukuze zimelane nokuhlaselwa kwabazingeli.

Ukuhlaselwa kwamahhashi anemigqa kwenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokunisela umgodi. Isilwane sivikelwe ukukhahlela okusebenzayo - ukushaya inselo kungabulala isitha. Ukulunywa nguZebra kubuhlungu kakhulu. Lapho isilwane simi emilenzeni yaso yangemuva, usayizi waso obonakalayo uyanda, owenza ngokwesabekayo esitha.

Lapho bebheka indlela esebenza ngayo i-zebra, ososayensi baphawula ukuthi nsuku zonke umlutha wezilwane uyogeza odakeni ukuze ususe izimuncagazi. Ukuze ube amadube ahlanzekile asiza i-inkunzi eyi-woodpecker, ehlala ngokukhululeka esikhunjeni sesilwane futhi ikhethe zonke izinambuzane oboyeni. I-zebra, naphezu kokushaywa yinyoni ngomlomo wayo, ayizixoshi ngokuhleleka kwayo.

Ukujula kwezilwane ezivuthiwe kunqunywa ngokuhamba kwezindlebe:

• esimweni esejwayelekile - sitholakala ngqo,
• ngokhahlo - wehlisiwe emuva,
• ngomzuzwana wesaba - baya phambili.

Izilwane zikhombisa ukungoneliseki nge-snout. Ngisho nabantu abathobekile bagcina ukuboniswa kwezihlobo zasendle.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isithombo sivuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni engama-2,5 kuya kwempilo. Ama-zebras angabesifazane alungele ukushada ngaphambili, abesilisa - kamuva. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka njalo ngeminyaka emithathu, yize umlando wokubuka uhlanganisa izibonelo zokubonakala kodoti ngonyaka. Abesifazane bazala izingane iminyaka engu-15-18 yempilo yabo.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sowesifazane yizinsuku ezingama-370. Imvamisa, kuzalwa imbala eyodwa, inesisindo esingama-30 kg. Ingane ebomvu entsha. Kusukela emahoreni okuqala, iwundlu ikhombisa ukuzimela - isukuma emilenzeni yayo, imunca ubisi.

Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, inyoni encane ye-zebra iqala ukucindezela utshani obusha, kepha umsoco womama uyagcinwa unyaka wonke, ngoba uvikela ezifweni zezifo ezintekenteke zezinsana, futhi uvikele nokusebenza okuthembekile kwamathumbu. Ubisi olungajwayelekile lwe-zebra.

Iziduna zigada ngokucophelela bonke abantu abadala emindenini, kodwa, noma kunjalo, ukubulawa kwenzalo kusuka ekuhlaselweni umhlaseli kuhlala kuphakeme. Impilo yeZebra emvelweni yemvelo ihlala iminyaka engama-30, uma ingaphenduki inyamazane yezitha zemvelo.

Ezimweni ezivikelwe zamapaki ezwe, amadube afuywayo aba ngabanikazi bamarekhodi iminyaka engama-40. UZebra uyisilwane sase-Afrika, kodwa inani layo ohlelweni lwendalo alinamikhawulo yezwekazi. Umfanekiso womuntu onemizimba emthende onemvelo enenkani ungene kumasiko, umlando.

U-Grevy's Desert Zebra (Equus grevyi)

Lowo nalowo wabizwa ngegama lakhe ngokuhlonipha uJules Grevy, uMongameli waseFrance, owathi ekugcineni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye wethulwa ngesipho esivela kubabusi be-Abyssinia ngendlela yehhashi elinezintambo.

Isilwane sikhulu, ubude bomzimba sifinyelela ku-3.1 m, isisindo esingaphezu kwama-405 kg. Umbala ulawulwa yimibala ekhanyayo. Ibhande elimnyama elibanzi ligijima phakathi komhlane. Imichilo eseleyo incane futhi itholakala eduze komunye nomunye, ayifinyeleli esiswini, lapho ingekho. Izindlebe ezinsundu onsundu.

Indawo ehlala empumalanga ye-Afrika. Lapho i-zebra ihlala khona, kuyakheka ugwadule.

I-Mountain Zebra (i-Equus zebra)

Umbala womuntu ubonakala ngokuvelela kwamathoni amnyama. Imivimbo emikhulu emnyama ihlangana neminye emhlophe, ifinyelela izinselo. I-zebra yasentabeni inesisindo esingama-375 kg, ubude besilwane bufika kumamitha ayi-2,3, ukuphakama kufike ku-1,6 m.

Intaba yeZebra Cape. Kuvikelwa yizifundazwe zaseNingizimu Afrika ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, umuntu waba omncane kakhulu. Ekhanda kukhona imichilo emnyama emnyama engekho esiswini sesilwane. Ukuphakama okukhulu kuze kufike ku-131 cm, isisindo - 266 kg. IHartman Mountain Zebra. Lowo muntu naye uyafa ngenxa yephutha lomuntu: abalimi bayabadubula ngenkuthalo, bavikela amadlelo emfuyo yabo. Eminyakeni engu-17 edlule, inani labantu lehlile ngezikhathi eziyi-7 futhi namuhla alidluli abantu abangu-16,000. Izindawo ezisezintabeni zaseNambia, lapho i-zebra ihlala khona, yimithombo eyinhloko yokudla kanye nohla lokuzalela kwawo. IHartman's zebra yentaba ihlukaniswa ngemithende emnyama emincane nobukhulu obukhulu kunesihlobo sayo iCape. Ukuphakama kwesilwane kungamamitha ayi-1,6, isisindo ngaphezu kwama-355 kg.

I-Quagga (i-Equus quagga quagga)

Le zebra ezihlakazekile esezophela. Abaphenyi bathi lowo muntu wayenombala onemibala ngaphambili ne-bay ngemuva. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-cm angama-185. Izikhuhla ezinethende zazisetshenziswa ngabantu ukuvikela imihlambi. Umuntu wokugcina ushone ngo-1883 endaweni yezilwane enhlokodolobha yaseHolland.

Indlela yokuphila yeZebra

Isilwane sihlala emihlanjini, lapho ikhanda kungowesilisa oyedwa, eduze lapho kuhlala khona izinsikazi eziningana. Inhloko yomndeni ingumqinisekisi oyinhloko wokuthula nokuvikeleka kumame akhe nakwinzalo yakhe. Uvikela umhlambi wakhe ngenkani futhi kwesinye isikhathi ungena ezimpini ezingalingani nabazingeli.

Ngalezi zikhathi, i-zebra ethanda ukuthula iba isilwi esinolaka futhi ikhombisa umlingisi oqinile, imigoqo nolaka oluzwisisayo.

Izilwane zihlukanisa ngokunye:

iphunga, izwi, amaphethini emzimbeni.

Isici esiyinhloko sesihlobo sehhashi ukuthi ulala lapho emi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bonke abantu bomhlambi bayangqongqothwa ndawonye ukuze bavikeleke kubazingeli bakho.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-zebras: ukuma kwesilwane kunganqunywa yizindlebe. Esimweni sokuthula futhi esihle, izindlebe ziqonde. Ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa kokwesaba ziqondiswa phambili, intukuthelo - emuva. Ukufutheka kwesilwane kubonakaliswa yisidlakela sezinzwa. Lapho inyamazane isondela, i-zebra iqala ukwenza umsindo wokukhonkotha. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzilawula umuntu.

Umbala weZebra

Umbala we-zebra uyiphasiphothi yakhe. Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unendlela yakhe, eyingqayizivele, engaphindwa kwesinye isilwane esifanayo. Ukuhleleka okukhethekile nosayizi wemivimbo kusiza i-foal ukuthola umama wayo, kanye nokuhlukanisa i-zebra eyodwa kwesinye nesilwane esidala.

Yini umbala we-zebra, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukusho. Ukuhlubula kwayo kuwuphawu olukhethekile olunika impikiswano: i-zebra imhlophe noma isemnyama.

Izazi eziningi zezilwane ziye zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi umbala ogqamile akuyona indlela yokufihla, kepha kunendlela yokuheha ukunakwa ukuze udabule kalula amadlelo. Lokhu kuyasiza ukuthi kungagcinwa endaweni eyodwa, kepha kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo. Imivimbo iyisibonakaliso esivelisayo somhlambi ngamunye lapho kumakwe imingcele yokuhlala kwawo.

Eqinisweni, umbala oyinhloko we-zebra umnyama, njengoba kuboniswa ngezifundo ezikhethekile zezilwane ezisezingeni le-embryonic. Isizinda esimnyama senzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sombala, futhi imivimbo emhlophe iyavela ngenxa yokungabikho kwayo.

Umbala we-zebra ubelokhu ubangela imibuzo eminingi isikhathi eside, hhayi phakathi kwabantu nje abavamile, kodwa naphakathi kososayensi. Kwakunama-hypotheses amaningi, kepha akukho noyedwa kuwo oqinisekisiwe.

Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi baseBrithani bathole ukuthi imibala ekhanya kakhulu iyazidonsela amahhashi.

Umbala uyasiza ekuboneni indawo yokuhlala kwesilwane:

amadube avela emathafeni asenyakatho - imivimbo emhlophe namnyama, izilwane ezivela eningizimu ye-savannah - imivimbo imnyama - grey, kwesinye isikhathi i-chestnut.

Kwamanye amadube, imivimbo emnyama iyahlangana bese isakhela ibala. Izinyoni zizalwa ngombala obomvana obomvu.

Izitha Endle

Isitha esikhulu esiyingozi se-zebra ibhubesi lase-Afrika, elithanda inyama yalesi silwane futhi liyibona njengephunga. Esikhathini esiningi, inyamazane ibuka inyamazane yayo isendleleni eya endaweni yokunisela noma ifuna abantu abasha abaye bawa emhlambini.

Futhi, i-zebra ingaba yisisulu:

ihlosi, ingulule, ingwe, izimfene, komuntu.

Ngenkathi yengozi, isihlobo sehhashi singafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km / h, okungahlali kuvumela izilwane ezidla inyama ukuba zidle inyama yazo emnandi. I-zebra ikwazi ukudonsa kahle, idide nabazingeli abanolwazi kakhulu.

I-zebra ivikelwe izinselo ezinamandla, eziyishaya ngamandla onke esitha, kwesinye isikhathi ukushaya okunjalo kungabulala. Futhi, isilwane siyaluma kakhulu.

Ukuzalela kwe-Zebra

I-estrus yabesifazane iqala ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ihlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqala ukwelula imilenze yakhe yangemuva nokubuyisa umsila wakhe ukuze akhombise ukulungela kwakhe inqubo yokuzalanisa.

Ukukhulelwa kwesilwane kuhlala isikhathi esingangonyaka, futhi ukubeletha kungahle kuhambisane nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwethokazi, insikazi ingaphinde ikhulelwe ngesonto. UZebra uletha izizukulwane ezizayo kanye ngonyaka.

Owesifazane uzala umntwana oyedwa:

ukuphakama okungu-81 cm, isisindo esingu-31 kg.

Engxenyeni yehora, ihora ngemuva kokuzalwa, impungushe iba ngezinyawo zayo, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa iqale ukudla utshani obuncane ngokwayo.

Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha unyaka. Ama-Zebras anezinzalo ezincane aba ngumhlambi ohlukile. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, amawundlu ahlala eqenjini elilodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho aba izisulu ezilula zezinyamazane. Eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 ubudala, izinsizwa ezincane ziyaxoshwa emhlanjini ukuze zikwazi ukwakha umndeni wakhe.

Amadube amaduna avuthwa ngokobudala eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, nabesifazane ngeminyaka emibili yobudala. Iminyaka yokuzala kwengane ihlala iminyaka eyi-18.

Ubisi lowesifazane lunombala opinki ongavamile. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-foal, ngoba iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo, amaminerali, amavithamini ekukhuleni okufanele, ukukhula kwengane futhi iqinise nokugomeka kwayo. UZebra ukhiqiza ubisi oluningi njengezidingo zethwane. Kuyasiza namathumbu ukuthi asebenze ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokubanga izinkinga enganeni.

Ekuqaleni, insikazi ivikela ingane kakhulu futhi, ibona ingozi, iyifihla emhlanjini ukuze isebenzise usizo lwezihlobo.

Imvamisa, isilwane esisekudingisweni sisendaweni yase-zoo futhi ukugcinwa kwayo kufana ngokuphelele nokunakekelwa kwamahhashi asendle:

zigcinwa ezitofini ezingemuva kwesimo sezulu, zinikezwa ukudla okujwayelekile kwamahhashi ngokudla, futhi zilawula ukudla ngokweqile.

Izilwane akufanele zinikezwe ukudla kwabantu, ikakhulukazi isinkwa, ama-corn flakes, ama-chips, amashubhu kashukela. Ukudla okunjalo kuvusa izifo eziningi futhi kufinyeze impilo yomuntu.

Izisebenzi zeZoo ngezikhathi ezithile zilanda izinselo zazo, ngoba ekudingisweni isilwane asikwazi ukuzigaya ngokwazo, okuholela ekuhlushweni nasebuhlungwini obukhulu.

Bazama ukugcina abesilisa abadala bebodwa ukuze bangaziphathi ngolaka komunye nomunye. Ama-nzalo asetshenziswa epulazini, njengamahhashi noma izimbongolo ezejwayelekile, futhi zigcinwa ngokufanayo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-zebra

I-Zebra isilwane esihle, esiyingqayizivele esinezici ezilandelayo:

emndenini wezilwane, kuyisiko ukubona isikhundla esiqinile, kuyilapho kuphumula, amadube amaningi asebenza njengabahambeli, aqaphe ukuphepha komhlambi wonke, kukholakala ukuthi imicu ye-zebra iyadingeka ukuze amabhubesi angakwazi ukuwahlukanisa esixukwini Lapho kulwelwa ukuphepha kwemhlambi, izimpukane zika Tsetse azikwazi ukuhlasela isilwane, ngoba zidilizwa ngemivimbo ebalekisayo, isisu se-zebra sihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile, evumela ukuthi idle ukudla okulukhuni kakhulu okungalungelanga eminye imifino.

Futhi awawona wonke amaqiniso ajabulisayo nge-zebra. Isilwane sihlukaniswa ngobuhle baso nomusa waso okhethekile, ongagcini ngokuhehisa, kodwa futhi obangela ukuthandwa. Ngeshwa, umuntu akagcini ngokwazisa lo muntu, kodwa futhi uhlanganyela ekuqothulweni kwawo.

Incazelo ye-zebra, isakhiwo, izici

Umzimba we-zebra ungusayizi ophakathi, uvame cishe ngamamitha ayi-2 ubude, ngenkathi umsila ukhula ube ngu-50 cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile samadube cishe angama-300-350 kg. Izebra lowesilisa likhulu kunensikazi. Ngokuvamile, i-zebra physique iminyene kakhulu futhi inesitoko. Imbobo ye-zebra ilukhuni futhi imfushane, futhi intamo inomsipha, futhi emadodeni inemisipha eminingi kunowesifazane.

I-zebra nayo inezinselo eziqinile kakhulu, ezivame ukuba yisihluthulelo sokusinda kwayo esihlahleni sase-Afrika. Yize amadube engagijimeli ngokushesha njengamahhashi, ayabekezelela kakhulu, futhi asengozini (ikakhulukazi ngesimo samabhubesi alambile, izingulule, izimfene nezinye ezidla ezinye) angafika ngesivinini esingama-80 km ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathokozisa ukuthi amadube abalekela labo abawasukelayo, imvamisa kuma-zigzags, echitha izitha, yilona iqhinga lawo elikhethekile. Futhi, amadube ngezinye izikhathi asebenzisa izinselo zawo ezinamandla njengezikhali zangempela ukulwa nezingonyama ezifanayo ezihlaselayo.

Kepha amadube aqhosha ngokubona kwawo, maye, awakheki, akakhiwa kahle, kepha lo mbala ulingene ngokuphelele ikhethelo elihle kakhulu - i-zebra inganuka ubungozi obukhona futhi ixwayise umhlambi wayo ngakho. Kodwa-ke, amabhubesi ayasazi kahle lesi sici samazimba, ngakho-ke akuyona ingozi ukuthi aqhamukela emhlanjini wamadube amadlelo avela ohlangothini lomoya, ngakho-ke kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi amadube awamunce ngephunga.

Mangaki amadube

Impilo ye-zebra esihlahleni sase-Afrika igcwala izingozi eziningi, imvamisa "amahhashi anemigqa" awafi nhlobo kusukela ekugugeni, kepha kusuka emazinyweni okuzingela kuya enyameni yezilwane ezidla ezinye. Labo, nabo, bahlala babulala abameleli ababuthakathaka kakhulu bombuso wama-amadube. Futhi ikhula kangakanani lapho i-zebra iba namandla, lapho amandla ayo eba buthaka, kuba namathuba amaningi okuba yinto yokuphanga kothile. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isilinganiso sokuphila se-zebra yiminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30, kepha kumakhosi we-zoos angaphila iminyaka engama-40.

I-Savannah zebra

Uyi-zebra enamakhanda amhlophe - luhlobo lwe-zebra olujwayelekile kakhulu, olunesimo esijwayelekile esihlala ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Igama elithi “Burchelova” zebra lanikezwa ukuhlonipha isazi sezilwane saseNgilandi uWilliam Burchel, ochithe iminyaka eminingi efunda ngendlela yokuphila nemikhuba yedube. Ikakhulu, waphawula ukuthi amaphethini amnyama namhlophe emizimbeni yamazimba ehlukene ngokuya ngendawo ahlala kuyo, ngokwesibonelo, amadube ahlala eduze nasenkabazwe anephethini elishiwo kakhulu, kanti amadube ahlala eningizimu ne-Afrika anephethini elifiphele engxenyeni engezansi. umzimba, kanye nokuba khona kwemivimbo ye-beige kwisikhumba esimhlophe esimhlophe. Ngokuya ngombala, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweziyi-6 zeBraelles zebra.

Ama-Zebroids nama-zebrules

Ama-Zebroid nama-zebrules yizinzalo ezizalwa esiphambanweni phakathi kwe-zebra nehhashi, kanye ne-zebra nembongolo. Imvamisa, i-zebra isetshenziswa njengowesilisa, futhi njengowesifazane, ihhashi, ingane ezelwe ifana nehhashi, kepha umbala uyimigqa - ifa eliphuma ku-pope-zebra. Ama-nzalo afana namadube, kepha angcono kakhulu kunalawo angaqeqeshwa, kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswe njengezilwane zokupaka.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namadube

• Ama-Zebras anolaka olubi nolubi; ngesikhathi esiyingozi, i-zebra eqhutshwa ekhoneni ingaxosha ibhubesi. Futhi, umoya wasendle nowasendle wabameleli abamangalisayo bomndeni wamahhashi kuholele ekutheni umuntu akakwazi (ngokungafani nehhashi elijwayelekile) amadube aluhlaza.
• Ama-Zebras angenye yezilwane ezimbalwa kanye nabantu abanombono wombala. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi abahlukanisi i-orange nakancane.
• Ama-Zebras angazinza odakeni isikhathi eside, ezikhuluma ngokungathandeki ngokuthi ... ukuhlanzeka. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngendlela elula kangaka baqeda izinambuzane ezicasulayo.
• Ama-Zebras asebenzisana kahle neminye imifino yase-Afrika: amahlamvu asendle kanye nemindlulamithi, enza imihlambi emikhulu evamile lapho kulula kakhulu ukuzivikela khona kulaba bantu.