Isimo sezulu sama-Urals sijwayelekile ezintabeni; ukuhanjiswa kwezulu kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ezifundeni kuphela, kepha nasesifundeni ngasinye. I-West Siberian Plain iyindawo enesimo sezulu esibuhlungu kakhulu; ohlangothini oluhle, izwekazi lakubo lenyuka likhulu kakhulu kunaseThafeni laseRussia. Isimo sezulu esinezintaba zaseNtshonalanga yeSiberia sincane izwekazi kunesimo sezulu saseNtshonalanga Siberian Plain. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngaphakathi komkhakha ofanayo, emathafeni e-Urals naseTrans-Urals, izimo zemvelo ziyehluka kakhulu. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi izintaba zase-Ural zisebenza njengohlobo lwesithiyo sezulu. Ukushona ngokweqile kwehla ngasentshonalanga yabo, isimo sezulu sinomswakama omningi futhi sincane, ngasempumalanga, okungukuthi, ngaphesheya kwe-Urals, kunokuna kwemvula encane, isimo sezulu sesomile, sinezici ezishiwo izwekazi.

Isimo sezulu sama-Urals sehlukile. Izintaba zinwetshwa amakhilomitha angama-2000 ohlangothini oluhlanganayo, futhi ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Urals itholakala e-Arctic futhi ithola imisebe yelanga engaphansi kwengxenye eseNingizimu ye-Urals, etholakala eningizimu yama-degree angama-55 enyakatho.

Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari C. Ural: -20 ... -22 degrees,

Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari we-Urals: -16 degrees,

Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJulayi C. Ural: +8 degrees,

Ukushisa okujwayelekile kukaJanuwari kuma-Urals: +20 degrees.

Isimo sezulu sama-Urals sijwayelekile ezintabeni; ukuhanjiswa kwezulu kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ezifundeni kuphela, kepha nasesifundeni ngasinye. I-West Siberian Plain iyindawo enesimo sezulu esibuhlungu kakhulu; ohlangothini oluhle, izwekazi lakubo lenyuka likhulu kakhulu kunaseThafeni laseRussia. Isimo sezulu esinezintaba zaseNtshonalanga yeSiberia sincane izwekazi kunesimo sezulu saseNtshonalanga Siberian Plain. Izintaba zase-Ural zimi ngendlela yokunyakaza kwezixuku zomoya zase-Atlantic. Isithambeka esentshonalanga sihlangana kaningi nezivunguvungu futhi sithambisa kangcono. Ngokwesilinganiso, ithola imvula engu-100 mm ukwedlula empumalanga.

Isimo sezulu sama-Urals sinqunywa isikhundla saso phakathi kwamathafa ase-Eurasia, ukuphakama okuncane nobubanzi bezintaba. Ukuphakama okukhulu kwama-Urals kusuka eNyakatho kuye eNingizimu kubangela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwe-zonal. T.E. umehluko phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu. Umehluko ubonakala kakhulu ehlobo. Amazinga okushisa asenyakatho enyakatho yi + 80C, eningizimu + 220C. Ebusika, umehluko usuliwe eningizimu - 160С, enyakatho - 200С. Isimo sezulu samazwekazi siyanda ukusuka eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga kuya eSouth-East.

Ukungena emithambekeni esentshonalanga ka-700mm. Empumalanga 400mm. Ngani? Yiluphi ulwandle oluthinta. (I-Atlantic).

Imithambeka esentshonalanga ihlangana nezishingishane ezivela e-Atlantic futhi zithambile ngokwengeziwe. Ingxenye yesibili evela e-Arctic, kanye nezixuku zomoya zase-Central Asia.
Ithonya lokukhululeka lithinta ukususwa kwezindawo zezulu zase-Urals kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Ngenxa yokuhluka kwesimo sezulu, uhlobo lwe-Urals luyohluka.

Izici zemvelo
Izintaba zase-Ural zinezindawo eziphansi nezinkulu. Eziphakeme kakhulu, ezikhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-1200-1500 m, zitholakala kwi-Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1875 m), eNyakatho (Mount Telposiz - 1617 m) naseSouthern (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. IMassifs of the Middle Urals iphansi kakhulu, imvamisa ayinakuba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-600-800. Amaphethelo asentshonalanga nasempumalanga ye-Urals namathafa asezintabeni avame ukusikwa yizigodi zemifula ejulile; kunemifula eminingi e-Urals nase-Urals. Kunamachibi ambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa, kepha nansi imithombo ye-Pechora ne-Urals. Kwenziwe amachibi namakhulu amaningi emifuleni. Izintaba zase-Ural zindala (zivela eLate Proterozoic) futhi zitholakala endaweni ye-Hercynian folding.

Fauna
Enyakatho ungahlangana nezakhamizi ze-tundra - reindeer, naseningizimu yezakhamizi ezijwayelekile zama-steppes - ama-gophers, ama-bay shrews, ama-shrews, izinyoka nezinyoka. Amahlathi ahlalwa yizinyamazane: amabhere ansundu, izimpisi, izimpisi, izimpungushe, amasaka, ama-ermines, ama-lynxes. Ama-ungulates (i-moose, inyamazane, ama-roe deer, njll) kanye nezinyoni zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zitholakala kuzo. Emakhulukhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule, umhlaba wezilwane wawunothile kunangaphambili. Ukulima, ukuzingela, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwathatha indawo futhi kwacekela phansi indawo yokuhlala yezilwane eziningi. Amahhashi asendle, ama-saigas, ama-bustards nama-strptos anyamalala. Imihlambi yezinyamuki yathutha yaqonda ngqo kwi-tundra. Kepha ama-rodices (hamsters, amagundane ensimu) asakazeka emasimini alinyiwe.

I-Flora
Ukwehluka kwezimo zemvelo kuyabonakala uma ukhuphuka. E-Southern Urals, ngokwesibonelo, indlela eya eziqongweni zomgodi omkhulu kunayo yonke i-Zigalga iqala ngokuhlangana komqansa wamagquma nezigodi ezinyaweni, okugcwele kakhulu ngamathebhu. Lapho-ke umgwaqo udabula ama-pine, i-birch kanye namahlathi e-aspen, phakathi kwawo okufiphaza khona utshani. I-fir ne-fir kukhuphuka ngaphezulu kwe-palisade. Izinkuni ezifile cishe zicishe zingabonakali - ziyasha ngesikhathi semililo yasehlathini ehlale njalo. Ezindaweni ezingashoni kuzoba nezindawo zokubhukuda. Iziqongo zimbozwe ngamatshe abekwe ngamatshe, moss notshani. I-spruce engajwayelekile futhi emangalisa, imigoqo egobile ewela lapha, ayifani nesimo sendawo ezinyaweni, enamakhaphethi anemibala yotshani nezihlahlana. Umlilo osendaweni ephakeme usuvele awunamandla, ngakho-ke ukuqhuma kwezihlahla eziwile kuvimba indlela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ingqungquthela ye-Mount Yamantau (1640 m) iyindawo ethambile, kodwa icishe ingenakuphikwa ngenxa yenqwaba yeziqu ezindala.

Okumbiwayo kwendalo
Ezisetshenzisweni zemvelo zama-Urals, izinsiza zawo zamaminerali zibaluleke kakhulu. I-Urals sekuyisikhathi eside iyisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke sezokumbiwa kanye nezensimbi yezwe. Emuva ngekhulu le-XVI. Idiphozithi kasawoti wamatshe nedwala lesihlabathi elinethusi lalaziwa emaphethelweni asentshonalanga e-Urals. Ngekhulu le-XVII, kwafakwa imali yensimbi eningi futhi kwavela izinsimbi zensimbi. Ezintabeni, kutholakale okubekwa kwegolide nokubekwa kweplatinamu, emthambekeni osempumalanga - amatshe ayigugu. Ukusuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kuye kwanikezwa ikhono ukucinga i-ore, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, ukwenza izikhali nomsebenzi wobuciko kulo, ukucubungula amagugu.

E-Urals, kufakwa amadiphozithi amaningi we-iron ores esezingeni eliphakeme (Magnitnaya, Vysokaya, Blagodat, izintaba zaseKachkanar), i-ores yethusi (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibai), izinsimbi ezingadingeki ezingabizi kakhulu, igolide, isiliva, iplatinamu, amasawoti we-bauxites wezwe, amatshe kanye nosawoti we-potassium. , Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Il'etskoye). Kukhona uwoyela (i-Ishimbay), igesi yemvelo (i-Orenburg), amalahle, i-asbestos, amatshe ayigugu futhi ayinqangi e-Urals. Amandla we-hydropower emifuleni ye-Ural (i-Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, i-Iriklinskaya kanye neziteshi ezincane zamandla kagesi) ihlala kude nomthombo othuthukisiwe ngokuphelele.

Isikhundla sendawo

I-AT ukwakheka Isifunda sezomnotho e-Ural sihlanganisa:

1. ama-republic amabili: iBashkiria (inhlokodolobha - i-Ufa) ne-Udmurtia (inhlokodolobha - Izhevsk),

2. I-Perm Territory, futhi ukusuka ngomhlaka 1 Januwari 2006, ngenxa yenhlolokhono, isiFunda sasihlanganiswa neKomi-Permyak Autonomous Region,

3. Izifunda ezi-4: ISverdlovsk (isikhungo - Yekaterinburg), Chelyabinsk (isikhungo - Chelyabinsk), Kurgan (isikhungo - Kurgan) kanye Orenburg (isikhungo - Orenburg).

Indawo indawo iyizinkulungwane ezingama-824 km 2.

U-fig. 1. Imephu ye-Urals (Umthombo)

Isifunda sezomnotho sase-Ural itholakala ekuhlanganeni kwezingxenye zase-Russia nase-Asia zaseRussia. nguyena imingcele kanye nezindawo zezomnotho zaseNyakatho, iVolga-Vyatka, iVolga kanye neNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Eningizimu ihlangana neKazakhstan. I-Urals yisifunda sezwe, kepha ngasemfuleni i-Ural, Kama, imifula neVolga okukhipha kuya eCaspian, Azov naseBlack Seas. Kuthuthukiswe lapha inethiwekhi yezokuThutha: ojantshi bezokuhamba nemigwaqo, kanye namapayipi kawoyela negesi. Inethiwekhi yezokuThutha uxhuma Ama-Urals nengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia neSiberia.

Ukukhululeka nesimo sezulu

Insimu yama-Urals ifaka Uhlelo lwe-Ural lwezintabaisuka enyakatho iye eningizimu ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane. ububanzi obungamakhilomitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-150.

U-fig. 2. Izintaba zase-Ural (Umthombo)

Ngokwemvelo yempumuzo nezwe ukuphuma I-Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle and Southern. Insimu enkulu yiziqhezu eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme kanye namagquma kusuka ku-800 kuye ku-1200 m ukuphakama. Iziqongo ezimbalwa kuphela ezifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu - IMount Narodnaya (1895 m), etholakala eNyakatho ne-Urals. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokucindezelwa ezincwadini: Fks and Folk. Esokuqala sinesizathu sokuba khona koMfula iNarady phansi kwentaba, kanti okwesibili kubhekisele eminyakeni engama-20-30. ngeledlule, lapho abantu babefuna ukunikela ngamagama ezimpawu zezwe.

U-fig. 3. Intaba iNarodnaya (Umthombo)

Ububanzi bezintaba bunwebeka ngokufana ngasendleleni eya e-Meridi. Amaphethelo ahlukaniswe yimidwebo ende yezintaba lapho imifula igeleza khona. Izintaba zakhiwe ngamadwala asentekenteke, ama-metamorphic kanye ne-igneous. IKarst nemihume eminingi yathuthuka emithambekeni yasentshonalanga. Enye edume kakhulu yiKungur Ice Cave.

Karst - iqoqo lezinqubo kanye ne-phenomena ehambisana nomsebenzi wamanzi futhi kuvezwe ekuchithweni kwamadwala anjenge-gypsum, i-limestone, i-dolomite, usawoti wamadwala, nokwakheka kwezimpawu kuzo.

Izimo zemvelo okungathandeki. Ububanzi bezintaba ze-Urals bube nomthelela isimo sezulu isifunda. Ishintsha emikhondweni emithathu: isuka enyakatho iye eningizimu, isuka entshonalanga iye empumalanga futhi isuke onyaweni lwezintaba iye phezulu. Izintaba zase-Ural ziyisithiyo sesimo sezulu ekudluliseleni kwenqwaba yomoya omanzi ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga, isb., Ukusuka e-Atlantic. Naphezu kokuphakama kwezintaba, bathikameza ukusakazeka kwezixuku zomoya eziya empumalanga. Ngakho-ke, isifunda sase-Ural sithola imvula enkulu kunasesifundeni sase-Ural, futhi i-permafrost nayo ibonwa enyakatho yezintaba zase-Ural.

Imithombo yezimbiwa

Ngokuhlukahluka izisetshenziswa zamaminerali Ama-Urals awazi okulinganayo phakathi kwezindawo zomnotho zaseRussia.

U-fig. 5. Imephu yezomnotho yama-Urals. (Umthombo)

I-Urals sekuyisikhathi eside iyisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke sezokumbiwa kanye nezensimbi yezwe. Kunezimali eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu zamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Umcebo oyinhloko wama-Urals yi-ores yensimbi engaxutshwe nalutho. Izinto zokwenziwa ezi-ore zitholakala esifundeni saseSverdlovsk naseChelyabinsk, emaphethelweni ezinyawo asempumalanga naseTrans-Urals. 2/3 we-iron ore reservation e-Urals aqukethe kufakwe eKachkanar. Idiphozithi ka-oyela igxilisiwe esifundeni se-Perm, Udmurtia, Bashkiria kanye nesifunda sase-Orenburg. Esifundeni sase-Orenburg kunensimu enkulu yegesi evumayo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe. Ama-Copper ores - eKrasnouralsk, Revda (Sverdlovsk esifundeni), Karabash (esifundeni saseChelyabinsk), eMednogorsk (esifundeni sase-Orenburg). Izindawo zamalahle ezincane zitholakala esisekelweni saseChelyabinsk, kuthi amalahle ansundu atholwe eKopeisk. Ama-Urals anezindawo ezinkulu ezibekelwe izimbotshana zikasawoti nosawoti ku-Verkhnekamsk basin. Isifunda futhi sicebile ngezinsimbi eziyigugu: igolide, isiliva, iplatinamu. Kutholakale amaminerali angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu lapha. E-Ilmensky reservation endaweni engama-303 km 2 5% wawo wonke amaminerali oMhlaba ahlanganiswe.

Ukuma komhlaba namanzi

Ama-40% ama-Urals ambozwe yihlathi. Ihlathi Wenza umsebenzi wokuzijabulisa nokuhlanza. Amahlathi aseNyakatho ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa izimboni. I-Perm Territory, iSverdlovsk Region, iBashkiria ne-Udmurtia zicebile emahlathini. Isakhiwo somhlaba siphethwe umhlaba olinywayo nomhlaba olimekayo. Inhlabathi cishe yonke indawo ekhathele ngenxa yokuchayeka komuntu.

U-fig. 6. Uhlobo lwe-Perm Territory (Umthombo)

Ama-Urals acebile emifuleni. Kunezinkulungwane ezingama-69, kepha isifunda sihlinzekwa ngokungalingani ngemithombo yamanzi. Iningi lemifula itholakala emthambekeni osentshonalanga we-Urals. Imifula zivela ezintabeni, kepha ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zimanzi. Okubaluleke kakhulu Izikhungo zokuvakasha, ezikhumbuzo zomlando nezokwakha - amadolobha anjengeChelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Solikamsk, Izhevsk. Nazi ezithakazelisa izinto zemvelo: Umgede weqhwa le-Kungur (ubude obuyi-5.6 km, okubandakanya amachibi angama-58 eqhwa nenani elikhulu lamachibi), umhume waseKapova (Republic ofashkiria, onemidwebo odongeni wasendulo), kanye noMfula iChusovaya - ongomunye wemifula enhle kunazo zonke eRussia.

U-fig. 7. I-Kungur Ice Cave (Umthombo)

U-fig. 8. UMfula iChusovaya (Umthombo)

Izinsizakusebenza eziningi ze-Urals ziye zaxhashazwa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi ziphelile. Kodwa-ke, kungaphambi kwesikhathi ukukhuluma ngokuphathwa kabi kwesifunda sezomnotho sase-Ural. Iqiniso ngukuthi isifunda singafundiswanga kahle ngokwendawo, ukutholakala komhlaba kuhlolwe ngokujula kuka-600-800 m, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlola kokuma komhlaba ngobubanzi enyakatho naseningizimu yesifunda.

Osaziwayo base-Udmurtia - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov

Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - injiniyela yokwakha izingalo ezincane, umsunguli we-AK-47 odume umhlaba wonke.

U-fig. 9. UM. Kalashnikov nesibhamu sokushaya esingu-AK-47 (Umthombo)

Ngo-1947, kwathathwa isibhamu sokuhlaselwa kweKalashnikov. UMikhail Timofeevich wazalwa ngoNovemba 10, 1919 edolobhaneni. I-Kurya, i-Altai Territory. Wayengumntwana we-17 emndenini omkhulu. Ngo-1948, uMikhail Timofeevich wathunyelwa e-Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant ukuhlela ukwenziwa kwebhande lokuqala lesibhamu sakhe se-AK-47.

U-fig. 10. M.T. Kalashnikov (Umthombo)

Ngo-2004, kwavulwa idolobha lase-Izhevsk (inhloko-dolobha yase-Udmurtia) imnyuziyamu yezingalo ezincane uqanjwe ngegama likaM.T. Kalashnikov. Umnyuziyamu ususelwa eqoqweni elikhulu lezikhali zamasosha nezempi zabantu abakhiqize amaRussia nabangaphandle, izikhali kanye nempahla yomuntu siqu kaMikhail Timofeevich. UMikhail Timofeevich ushone ngoDisemba 23, 2013 edolobheni lase-Izhevsk.

I-Ural - umngcele phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia

Umngcele ophakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia uvame ukudonswa ezansi kwempumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural kanye neMugodzhar, umfula i-Emba, ogwini olusenyakatho yoLwandle lweCaspian, kanye nokudangala Kumo-Manych neKerch Strait.

U-fig. 11. I-Obelisk eYekaterinburg (Umthombo)

Ingqikithi ubude Umngcele unqamula eRussia ungama-5524 km, kuwo ongamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili u-Ural Range, no-990 km oLwandle lweCaspian. Imvamisa, enye inketho isetshenziselwa ukunquma umngcele we-Europe - ngasemanzini oLwandle i-Ural, uMfula i-Ural kanye nokuncipha kwamanzi kweCaucasus Range.

ITropoyak Lake

ILake Turgoyak ingenye yamachibi amahle kakhulu futhi acocekile e-Urals. Itholakala emgodini wentaba eduze nedolobha laseMiass, esifundeni saseChelyabinsk.

U-fig. 12. ITurgoyak Lake (Umthombo)

Leli chibi liqashelwa njengesikhumbuzo sendalo. Ujule - ukujula kwawo okuphakathi kungamamitha ayi-19, kanti ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha angama-36,5. IChibi iTurgoyak lidume ngokubonakala kwalo okuphezulu kakhulu, okufika kumamitha ayi-10-16. Amanzi aseTurgoyak asondele eBaikal. Phansi kwechibi kunamadwala - kusuka ngamatshe amatshe kuya kumatshe amakhulu. Amagquma echibini aphakeme futhi amawa. Imifudlana embalwa ephakathi nendawo kuphela engena echibini. Umthombo oyinhloko wezondlamzimba kungaphansi komhlaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinga lamanzi echibini liyahluka. Ogwini lweLake Turgoyak kunezindawo eziningana zemivubukulo.

I-Bibliography

1. Amasiko EA IJografi yaseRussia: ezomnotho kanye nezifunda: Ibanga 9, incwadi yabafundi bezikhungo zemfundo. - M: Ventana-Graf, 2011.

2. UFromberg A.E. I-geography yezomnotho nezenhlalo. - 2011, 416 k.

3. I-Atlas kwi-geography yezomnotho, ibanga 9. - Bustard, 2012.

Izixhumanisi ezingeziwe ezinconyelwe izinsiza ze-Inthanethi

1. Iwebhusayithi wp.tepka.ru (Umthombo)

2. Iwebhusayithi fb.ru (Umthombo)

3. Iwebhusayithi bibliotekar.ru (Umthombo)

Umsebenzi wasekhaya

1. Sitshele ngendawo yokuhlala ama-Urals.

Ake usitshele ngempumuzo kanye nesimo sezulu sama-Urals.

3. Sitshele ngezinsizakusebenza zamaminerali namanzi ama-Urals.

Uma uthola iphutha noma isixhumanisi esiphukile, sicela usazise - yenza umnikelo wakho ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi.

I-Ural: izici zesimo sezulu

Izici zosizo zezintaba zase-Ural ikakhulu zibonisa isimo sezulu salezi zindawo. Yilesi simo esiyisizathu sokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda sase-Ural esifundeni esizimele sezulu. Indawo "ethe mpo" yezintaba (ukusuka enyakatho iye eningizimu) inquma ubulukhuni nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu sase-Urals.

Ububanzi bezintaba obuhlanganisiwe busebenza njengesithiyo semvelo ekuhambeni okukhona komoya wasentshonalanga kule ndima, okonakalisa ukujikeleza kokuhamba kwabo, okuthinta indawo yesimo sezulu yendawo:

• onqenqemeni olusempumalanga lweThafa laseRussia, uhlobo lwesimo sezulu luthambile izwekazi,
• emaphethelweni eNtshonalanga yeSiberian Plain eduze kweZintaba zase-Ural, cishe kuyo yonke indawo izwekazi.

Ngakho-ke, i-Ural Range ingumngcele wemvelo phakathi kwezindawo zezulu zaseYurophu naseRussia naseSiberia.

Uhlobo lwesimo sezulu kuma-Urals luyehluka ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, ukusuka eTundra kuya e-steppe, ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ezindaweni zemvelo. Ake sixoxe ngabo ngemininingwane eminingi.

I-Polar Ural

IPolar Urals yisifunda esisenyakatho impela yezintaba zase-Ural kusuka etsheni likaKonstantinov kuya eMfuleni iKhulga. Izici zokukhululeka zinqunywa ukuguguleka okudala okubangelwa, phakathi kokunye, yithonya labamba iqhwa:

• izigodi ezijulile, ezibanzi,
• kudlula okuphansi
• izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ze-glacial (amasele, amaphanga, njll.).

Isimo sezulu sengxenye ye-Polar ye-Urals singenxa yokuthi le ndawo isasemngceleni wesinyathelo seziphepho zase-Europe kanye ne-anestclone yaseSiberia. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwayo lapha izwekazi lubukhali, lubonakala ebusika obukhulu ngeqhwa eliningi nomoya onamandla. Izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusika lingehlela ku-55 ° C. Kwisimo sezulu esicwathile kule ndawo kunento yokushisa kwamaqondo okushisa (izinga lokushisa lomoya ezindaweni eziphansi liphansi kunalezintaba).

I-Subpolar Urals

E-Subpolar Urals, iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zalesi simiso sezintaba zigxiliwe, ububanzi bazo bufinyelela ku-150 km lapha. Impumuzo lapha inezici ezilandelayo: i-asymmetry yemithambeka yobubanzi bezintaba, ukuphakama kwawo, izintaba zomhlaba, izintaba eziphakeme, imigwaqo ejulile nezigodi ezihlukanisa umgodi ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga.

Isimo sezulu se-Subpolar Urals sishubile. Kuyinto yezwekazi impela, enobusika obude namahlobo amafushane. Izimo zesimo sezulu ezinzima zibangelwa yindawo yokuhlala yendawo nokuphakama okuphakeme kobubanzi bezintaba. Into ebalulekile ethinta isimo sezulu se-Urals engxenyeni yayo esezingeni eliphakeme futhi yindawo yezintaba ezibheke ngqo ekungeneni komoya oya lapho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inquma umehluko wezimo zezulu emithambekeni yaseYurophu nase-Asia ye-Urals, ikakhulukazi, ekusakazweni kwezulu.

Enyakatho Ural

Ingxenye esenyakatho yomgwaqo i-Ural Range isuka emfuleni i-Shchuger enyakatho iya eSithombeni saseKosvinsky eningizimu. Le ngenye yezindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka lapho kungekho khona imigwaqo noma imigwaqo. Kokubili ukusuka entshonalanga nasempumalanga, umgodi uzungezwe amahlathi nezixhaphozi. Isimo sezulu sama-Urals engxenyeni yaso esenyakatho sibi impela. Izindawo ze-Permafrost zisatholakala lapha. Iqhwa ezintabeni ezindaweni alinaso isikhathi sokuncibilika ngehlobo.

Ama-Urals aphakathi

I-Middle Urals iyingxenye ephansi kakhulu ye-ridge eqanjwe ngegama, ekhawulelwe cishe kuma-56th no-59th degrees of North latitude. Ukuphakama kwamaphoyinti aphezulu kakhulu kule ngxenye yobubanzi bezintaba kumamitha angama-700- 900 kuphela. Intaba ephakeme kakhulu (Middle Baseg) ifinyelela kumamitha angama-994. Izigodi zemifula zibanzi kakhulu.

Izici zesimo sezulu zase-Middle Urals zinqunywa ikakhulukazi yimimoya yasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic. Uhlobo lwezwekazi lwesimo sezulu lukhona kule ndawo, oluchazwa ukusondela kweSiberia kanye nokude ne-Atlantic, ngakho-ke ukushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa lapha kubukhali.

Esithambekeni esisentshonalanga kunemvula eningi kuneyasempumalanga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphakama okuncane kwezintaba akuvikeleli ukungena komoya obandayo ovela e-Arctic kanye nokukhushulwa komoya ofudumele futhi owomile kusuka eningizimu kuya ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zezintaba zase-Ural. Leliqiniso lichaza ukungazinzi kwesimo sezulu kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Ama-Urals aseningizimu

ISouthern Urals iyingxenye ebanzi yohlelo lwezintaba oluphakathi kweMiddle Urals neMugodzhary (indawo engaseningizimu ye-Ural Mountain etholakala endaweni yeKazakhstan). Ngenxa yezinyawo eziphakemeyo, ububanzi begquma bufika lapha bufika ku-250 km. Le nsimu inokukhululeka okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene. I-axis ingamanzi emigodi yemifula ye-Ural neBelaya - i-Uraltau Range.

Kulesi sifunda, isimo sezulu sikhona impela ezwekazini: ihlobo elishisayo, lilandelwa ebusika obude busika. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lomoya kwesinye isikhathi liyehla lifike ku--45 ° C. Ihlobo lifudumele ngokulingana, kube nemvula ejwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya kusivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi izimo zezulu zesifunda sase-Ural ziyaguquguquka, okuhambisana kakhulu nobuntu bendawo obukuyo.

Izici zesimo sezulu ku-Urals

Isimo sezulu kuma-Urals sincike endaweni yaso. Le ndawo ikude nolwandle, futhi itholakala ekujuleni kwezwekazi i-Eurasia. Enyakatho, i-Urals imingcele olwandle olwanqenqemeni, naseningizimu - emaphethelweni eKazakh. Ososayensi bathi isimo sezulu sase-Urals siyintaba ejwayelekile, kepha isimo sezulu siyabonakala emathafeni. Izindawo zezulu ezifudumele futhi ezibandayo zinomphumela ocacile kule ndawo. Ngokuvamile, izimo lapha zinzima kakhulu, futhi izintaba zidlala indima ebalulekile, zisebenza njengesithiyo sezulu.

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Isimanga

Entshonalanga ye-Urals, kunetha kakhulu imvula, ngakho-ke kukhona umswakama olinganiselayo. Okujwayelekile konyaka kwenziwa cishe ngamamilimitha angama-700. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yezulu kuyinto encane, futhi kunesimo sezulu esomile sezwekazi. Cishe ama-millimitha angama-400 wemvula ewa minyaka yonke. Isimo sezulu sendawo sithonywa kakhulu yizindiza zomoya zase-Atlantic, ezithwala umswakama. Izinsimbi zomoya ezi-arctic nazo ziyathinteka, zilethe amazinga okushisa aphansi owomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhamba kwe-Central Asia yomoya kungasishintsha kakhulu isimo sezulu.

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Imisebe yelanga isatshalaliswa ngokungalingani esifundeni sonke: ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Urals ithola iningi, futhi incane futhi ibheke enyakatho. Ekhuluma ngezimo zokushisa, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ebusika enyakatho ngu-degrees ezingama-22 ngokukaCelsius, no-16 eningizimu. Ehlobo, kuma-Urals aseNyakatho kukhona ama-+88 kuphela, kanti eSouth - +20 nangaphezulu degrees. Ingxenye ye-polar yale ndawo ibuswa ubusika obude nobandayo, obuhlala izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Ihlobo lifushane kakhulu, futhi alithathi izinyanga ezingaphezu kwesigamu. Ngaseningizimu, okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso: Ubusika obufushane nehlobo elide, okuthatha izinyanga ezine kuya kwezinhlanu. Isikhathi sekwindla nesentwasahlobo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ze-Urals zehlukile ngesikhathi. Eduze naseningizimu, ekwindla kufushane, intwasahlobo yinde, kanti enyakatho kungenye indlela eyindilinga.

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Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu sama-Urals sehluka kakhulu. Ukushisa, umswakama nemisebe yelanga akusatshalaliswa ngokulingene lapha. Izimo zesimo sezulu ezinjalo zithinte ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zezimbali nezimpawu zezilwane ezise-Urals.

Isimilo esincane

Ububanzi bezintaba buqala ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane. Izintaba zase-Ural ziphansi kakhulu: iziqongo eziphakathi nendawo zifinyelela kumamaki ukusuka kuma-300 kuye kwangama-1200 m.Indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke yidolobha laseNarodnaya, ukuphakama kwalo kungu-1895 m.Uhlelweni lokuphatha, izintaba zalesi sifunda zingeSifunda sase-Ural Federal, nasengxenyeni esemaphethelweni yeKazakhstan.

Ngenxa yokuthi iziqongo zinobubanzi obumincane, futhi ukuphakama kwamagquma kuncane, asikho isimo sezulu esishiwo ngezindawo ezifanayo zensimu. Isimo sezulu sase-Urals sinezici zayo ezihlukile. Izintaba zinomphumela obonakalayo ekusatshalalisweni kwenqwaba yomoya ngenxa yokuthi yandiswa ngokulinganayo. Bangabizwa ngokuthi yisithiyo esingadlulisi inqwaba yomoya entshonalanga. Ngalesi sizathu, inani lemvula liyahlukahluka endaweni: izindawo ezihlala empumalanga zithola imvula encane - 400-550 mm / ngonyaka, entshonalanga - 600-800 mm / ngonyaka. Lezi zokugcina futhi zitholakala kalula ethonyeni lamasosha omoya; isimo sezulu lapha sinomswakama futhi sinomoya ophansi. Kepha ithambeka elisempumalanga lisendaweni eyomile yezwekazi.

Izindawo zesimo sezulu

Insimu ihlanganisa izindawo ezimbili zezulu: enyakatho ngokweqile yezintaba zase-Ural, ibhande elingaphansi, indawo yonke isendaweni yesimo sezulu esishisayo.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isimo sezulu sasezintabeni zase-Ural silalela umthetho wokulawulwa kwendawo yokuhlala, futhi kulapha lapho siphinyiselwa khona ikakhulukazi.

Pai Hoi

Le ntaba endala itholakala enyakatho ekude yezintaba zase-Ural. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sifunda yi-Moreiz (ukuphakama okungu-423 m). I-Pai-Hoi imigqa eqondile ayiyona indawo yezintaba, kodwa ihlukaniswa amagquma anamagquma. Isimo sezulu sama-Urals kule ndawo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-subarctic, ukubekwa kwe-altitudinal akubonwa. Lesi yisifunda esiyi-permafrost, ubusika bubusa kakhulu onyakeni, futhi okujwayelekile okushisa komoya ngoJanuwari kungama-20 ° C ngaphansi kuka-zero, ngoJulayi kuba ngu + 6 ° C. Ukuphakama okuncane ebusika kungafinyelela -40 ° C. Ngenxa yobungako besimo sezulu ePai Hoi, indawo ye-tundra yemvelo iveziwe.

I-Mugodzhary

Inani lamagquma amatshe aphansi, indawo eseningizimu yezintaba zase-Ural. Yonke insimu isemngceleni weKazakhstan. Ukuphakama okuncane okungama-300-400 m, kulokhu, le ndawo inesimo sezulu esomile esomile. Akunasembozo seqhwa, okushisa eqandayo akuvamile ukubonwa, kanye nomoya.

Kuqinisekiswe yisazi

I-Ural iyindawo enkulu esuka ogwini loLwandle i-Arctic iye ezindaweni eziningizimu. Inqamula izindawo zemvelo eziningana.

Ama-Urals angahlukaniswa ama-Urals ne-Trans-Urals, izimo zemvelo zazo ezahluke kakhulu kwenye. Ama-Urals asebenza njengesithiyo sezulu.

Kunemvula eningi entshonalanga ye-Urals, isimo sezulu sincane futhi sinomswakama kunasempumalanga. Futhi empumalanga, kunetha imvula encane, isimo sezulu seyomile futhi izwekazi selimenyezelwa.

Isimo sezulu sase-Urals sithonyelwelwa ukuthuthwa komoya osentshonalanga, ukuphakama okukhulu kwensimu ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, kanye nokusondela kwe-Arctic Ocean.