Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Ibanga: | Omama |
I-infraclass: | I-Placental |
Isigcawu: | Izibalo |
Isizinda: | Yome nosed |
Ingqalasizinda: | Kubanzi |
Umndeni: | Gummy |
Ubulili: | Ama-Dwarf Marmosets |
Buka: | I-Dwarf Marmoset |
IUCN 3.1 Ukukhathazeka okungatheni: 41535
Ithoyi lokudlala udoti (lat. Cebuella pygmaea) - uhlobo lwezihlobo ezivela emndenini we-marmoset (I-Callitrichidae) Ungomunye wabamele abancane kakhulu kulo lonke uhlelo lophimbo.
Incazelo nezici ze-marmoset
I-Marmoset le yinkawu encane kunazo zonke. I-primate ifanela entendeni yesandla somuntu omdala. Ukukhula kwawo ngaphandle komsila kungamasentimitha ayi-11-15. Umsila uqobo ungamasentimitha ayi-17- 22. Ingane inesisindo esingu-100-150 g. Lesi silwane sinezinwele ezinde nezinwebekile.
Ngenxa yenkawu yakhe ibukeka ikhudlwana. Umbala woboya i-marmoset ejwayelekile duzane ne-hue ebomvu, kepha ingaba nohlaza, kanye namachashazi amnyama noma amhlophe.
Izinqwaba zezinwele ziveliswa endaweni eyi-muzzle ezindaweni eziningana, ezifana nebhubezi. Amehlo ayindilinga futhi abonakala. Izindlebe zakhe zifihlwe ngaphansi kwezinwele ezinzima. Emilenzeni kukhona iminwe emihlanu emincane enemikhawulo ebukhali.
Umsila awusetshenziswa njengengubo yokubamba. Bukela i isithombe marmoset, ubona ngokushesha ukuthi zivusa imizwa efudumele nenesisa kunazo zonke. AmaMarmosets asebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Bahlala emakoloni amancane. Njengazo zonke izihlobo zabo, indlela abayithandayo yezinkawu ukunakekela izinwele nezinwele zomndeni wabo. Monkey Monkey mobile impela emvelweni.
Bagxuma bakhulu. Futhi, ngaphandle kokuphakama kwayo, igxuma lenkawu lingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Imisindo yawo ifana nokugqwala kwezinyoni. Abaphenyi babale imisindo ekhishwe ngabo-10.
Ondunankulu bamaka insimu ngemfihlo, egcotshwa yibo ngezindlala ezikhethekile. Bazophinda bathole indawo yabo kusuka kunoma ngubani onesibindi sokufika njengesimenywa esingacelwanga. Umlo ungaphelela hhayi ngokuhamba komsindo nokuxwayisa, kepha futhi nokushaywa okuthile. Ngaphandle kwesithombe sakhe esihle, amafutshane amancanyana Musa ukuma emkhosini nabantu abangafuneki.
Babonisa ulaka lwabo ngamehlo agobekayo, umhlane ogobekile futhi ukhulisa uboya. Umholi uzothatha ukubukeka kwesabekayo kwesitha, ukufiphala namashiya akhe ashukumise izindlebe zakhe. Ipayipi lomsila libonisa ukulungela ukuhlaselwa.
Kepha lokho kuziphatha akuvame ukubangelwa ukubonakala komphikisi; kubuye kufakazelwe igunya lakhe. Kepha empeleni inkawu akuyona eyezinyoni ezinolaka. Emvelweni, banamahloni, futhi ukubukeka kwabo akunakuzwakala. Kepha uma ama-marmose esaba kakhulu, khona-ke aqala ukukhamuluka ukuze ezwiwe kude.
Indawo yokuhlala yendabuko
Izinhlobo zamaMarmosets okuningi kwe-40. Okuyinhloko: i-marmoset emincane, i-marmoset ejwayelekile kanye i-marmoset enamehlo amhlophe. Bahlala eningizimu ye-Amazon. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezinjengeColombia, i-Ecuador, nePeru kanye neBrazil.
Imvamisa izimboni zitholakala kude kakhulu nemifula, ezindaweni lapho zichichima khona ngesikhathi semvula. Ukugcwala kwehla minyaka yonke ngu-1000-2000 mm. Ukushisa kwabo okwamukelekayo kusuka ku-19 kuye ku-25 ° C. Ezinye izinhlobo ziye zajwayela ukusinda ezimweni ezinzima zaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Noma ezindaweni ezomile lapho imvula inesikhathi sonyaka.
Isomiso ingahlala izinyanga eziyi-10. Amazinga okushisa ezindaweni ezinjalo awazinzile njengasehlathini lase-Amazon. Futhi kukhona izimila ezimbalwa kuyo. Izilwane azivamile ukwehlela emhlabathini. Isikhathi esiningi chitha isikhathi ezihlahleni. Kodwa ama-primates awakhuphukeli phezulu, kodwa aphile ngaphakathi kwamamitha angama-20 omhlaba, ukuze ungabi isisulu sezinyoni ezidla inyama.
I-marmoset enamehlo anombala omhlophe
AmaMarmose amancane Balala ebusuku, bavuke emini. Vuka imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kwemisebe yokuqala yelanga bese ulala imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokushona. I-Overnight iyimbobo esihlahleni enomqhele omnyama, oqondaniswe nomvini. Bahlala elangeni isigamu sosuku, bese kuthi abanye isikhathi sokudla badinge inwele bodwa.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-marmosets amancanyana ahlukile kwezinye izinkawu, iningi lawo ahlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-genera Callithrix + Mico, futhi ngenxa yalokho angamalungu awohlobo lwawo uCebuella, emndenini obizwa ngokuthi yi-Callitrichidae. Phakathi kwama-primatologists, kukhona mpikiswano mayelana nokuhlukaniswa okulungile kohlobo lwesimo sezitho zomzimba marmoset okufanele sibekwe kuso. Ucwaningo lwe-retinol lwasendaweni yohlobo oluthile lwenhlobo yeprotheni ebopha izinhlobo zama-marmosets luveze ukuthi izikhathi zobude, isiliva, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kwe-marmoset komunye nomunye zenzeka eminyakeni engaphansi kwezigidi ezinhlanu edlule, obekungaba nengqondo impela ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo.
Ividiyo: Marmoset
Noma kunjalo, ukwehlukaniswa okwalandela kwe-marmoset yesiliva (C. argentata) kanye nokujwayelekile (C. jacchus) kumaqembu ezinhlobo zezilwane kwavumela ukuba bafakwe ku-genera ehlukile (iqembu le-argentata lidluliselwe ku-genus Mico), elungisa ukulondolozwa kohlobo olwahlukile lwe-marmosets emincane, ngakho-ke njenge-Callithrix akuselona iqembu le-paraphyletic. Izifundo ze-Morphological kanye ne-molecule zenze ukuthi kube nenkulumompikiswano engaphezulu yokuthi izinkawu ezinkudlwana ngokufanele zingabakwaCallithrix noma uCebuella.
Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi kwaC. Pygmaea:
- I-Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea - enyakatho / nentshonalanga yasentabeni,
- ICebuella pygmaea niveiventris iyi-marmoset yasempumalanga.
Kunokwehluka okumbalwa kokuziphatha phakathi kwale mikhakha, ngoba ingahluka kancane ngombala futhi ihlukaniswe kuphela yizithiyo zezindawo, kufaka phakathi imifula emikhulu eseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Ukuvela kwalolu hlobo kwahluka isisindo somzimba kusuka kubamele ejwayelekile bomsizi, ngoba isilwane besinezinga eliphakeme lokuncipha kwesisindo somzimba. Lokhu kufaka ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga okukhula kwe-intrauterine kanye ne-postnatal ukukhula, okufaka isandla ekutheni i-progeneis ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekudalekeni kwalesi silwane.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Marmoset Monkey
I-Igrunka ingelinye lamapheshana amancanyana emhlabeni, ubude bawo bomzimba ukusuka ku-117 kuya ku-152 mm nomsila kusuka ku-172 kuya ku-229 mm. Isisindo somuntu omdala esivamile singaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-100. Umbala woboya uxubile onsundu, luhlaza okotshani, wegolide, ompunga nomnyama emuva nekhanda nophuzi, o-orenji kanye no-brown ezansi. Kunamasongo amnyama emsileni we monkey, amabala amhlophe esihlathini, kanye nomugqa omile mpo phakathi kwamehlo.
Cubs ekuqaleni zinamakhanda grey ne-torso ephuzi, izinwele ezinde ezimbozwe ngemivimbo emnyama. Iphethini yabantu abadala ivela kubo ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Yize ama-gamers emfushane engathathwa njenganobuhlanya bezocansi, izinsikazi zingahle zibe nzima kunabesilisa. Izinwele ezinde ezizungeze ubuso nentamo zibenza babukeke njengamabhubesi abanjengengonyama.
Iqiniso elihehayo: I-marmoset inezivumelwano eziningi zokuhlala ezihlahleni, kufaka phakathi amandla okuguqula ikhanda layo ibe ngu-180 °, kanye nezikhafu ezibukhali ezisetshenziselwa ukunamathela emagatsheni.
Amazinyo enkawu anezinto ezikhethekile eziguqulwa zenziwe izimbobo ezihlahleni futhi zivuselele ukugeleza kwesixha. Inkawu emfushane ihamba kuzo zonke izinyawo ezine futhi ingagxuma ifike kumamitha ayi-5 phakathi kwamagatsha. Ukubhaliswa okufana nokwasempumalanga kanye nasentshonalanga kunzima ukukuhlukanisa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba nemibala ehlukene yezinwele ezimaphakathi.
Ihlala kuphi i-marmoset?
Photo: Marmoset ngemvelo
I-marmoset, eyaziwa ngokuthi inkawu emfushane, uhlobo lwenkawu yeNew World. Uhla lwenkawu luwelele ezintabeni ze-Andes eningizimu yeColombia naseningizimu-mpumalanga yePeru, bese lusuka empumalanga lunqamula enyakatho neBolivia luye e-Amazon basin eBrazil.
AmaMarmosets angatholakala engxenyeni enkulu yasentshonalanga ye-Amazon, kufaka phakathi:
I-marmoset yaseNtshonalanga (C. p. Pygmaea) itholakala eAmazonas, eBrazil, ePeru, eningizimu yeColombia, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Ecuador. Futhi inkawu emfushane yasempumalanga (C. p. Niveiventris) iyatholakala futhi eAmazonas, futhi ngaphezu kwe-Acre, eBrazil, empumalanga yePeru naseBolivia. Ukuhanjiswa kwalezi zinhlobo ezingaphansi zombili kuvame ukukhawulelwa yimifula. Njengomthetho, i-marmoset ihlala emahlathini ahlala evuthiwe, eduze nemifula, nasezihlathini ezivame ukukhukhula. Ama-gamers achitha iningi losuku ezihlahleni, futhi kaningi angehli emhlabathini.
Ukuhlangana kwabantu kuhlangana ngamasheya wokudla. Inkawu ingatholakala phakathi kwenhlabathi futhi ingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-20 ezihlahleni. Imvamisa azikhuphukeli phezulu kwekhaneli. Izimbaza zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi amile. Ziyachuma emahlathini asogwini asezingeni eliphansi ezindaweni eziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkawu zabonwa zihlala emahlathini aseceleni.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi inkawu emincane ye-marmoset. Ake sibheke ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe idlani imashi?
Photo: Dwarf Marmoset
Inkawu idla ikakhulu ukuhlafuna ushukela, ujusi, itiyela kanye nokunye ukukhishwa kwezihlahla. Izinsimbi ezikhethekile eziphakeme eziphakeme zivumela abadlali bomdlalo wokumba ukuba bambe imbobo ecishe ilunge ngokuphelele esiqwini sesihlahla noma emvinini. Lapho ujusi luqala ukuphuma emgodini, inkawu iluthatha ngolimi lwayo.
Amaqembu amaningi akhombisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokudla okunempilo. Njengoba ukuvuleka kwakudala okwenziwe yizinkawu esihlahleni kuyinto ephansi kunazo zonke, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi banyusa isiqu somuthi, badale izimbobo ezintsha, kuze kube yilapho isihlahla singasakhiqizi isamba esilinganayo soketshezi. Iqembu liqhubekela emthonjeni omusha wokuphakelayo.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-marmoset kufaka phakathi:
Ukuqashelwa kwenkungu yasemakhameleni yasendle kubonise ukuthi izitshalo zazingakhethwanga ngokungafanele. Izilwane zivame ukukhetha izinhlobo zazo ngokweqile ebangeni lazo lasekhaya. I-Exudate noma yikuphi okufihlwe emthini. Izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izintethe, zingumthombo wokudla owamukelekayo ngemuva kokuxebuka.
I-Marmoset ibuye ilinde izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izimvemvane, ezihehwa ujusi ovela kwizimbobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkawu igcwalisa ukudla nge umpe nezithelo. Ibanga lekhaya leqembu lisuka kumahektare angu-0,1 kuye kwangama-0,4, futhi ukondla kuvame ukugxilwa esihlahleni esisodwa noma ezimbili ngasikhathi. AmaTamarins ajwayele ukuhlasela izimbobo ezenziwe ngama-marmosets ukudlela ujusi wezitshalo.
Izinkawu ze-marmoset zeduna nezesifazane zibonisa umehluko ekuziphatheni lapho zifuna ukudla nokuzondla, yize ukubusa kwabesilisa nabesifazane kanye nokuziphatha okunolaka kuyehlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo. Abesilisa banesikhathi esincanyana sokufuna ukudla nemithombo yokondla ngenxa yemisebenzi yokunakekela ingane nokuqapha izinyamazane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Common Marmoset
Cishe i-83% yabantu base-marmoset bahlala ema-odeni aqinile kusuka kubantu ababili kuya kwabayisishiyagalolunye, kufaka phakathi owesilisa ovelele, owesidleke sowesifazane, kanye nabamele abalingane abane. Yize amaqembu ikakhulukazi afaka amalungu omndeni kuphela, ezinye izinhlaka zingafaka nomuntu oyedwa noma ababili abengeziwe abadala. I-monkey marmoset ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Umuntu ngamunye unakekelana, ekhombisa indlela ekhethekile yokuxhumana.
Kepha kanye nokuhlangana okunobungane okunjalo, lezi zinkawu futhi ziyizilwane ezisebenzisa kakhulu amachashaza amnyama ukuchaza izindawo ezifika ku-40 km2. Bakhetha izindawo zokulala eduze komthombo wokuphakelwa, futhi wonke amalungu eqembu ayavuka futhi ayofuna ukudla ngokushesha nje kokuphuma kwelanga. Umsebenzi wezenhlalo uyabonakala phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili zokondla - owokuqala ngemuva kokuvuka, owesibili ntambama.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amalungu eqembu axhumana esebenzisa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi oluhlanganisa amasiginali ezwi, amakhemikhali nawokubuka. Amathoni amakhulu amathathu wokukhala ancike ebangeni umsindo okufanele uhambe ngawo. Lezi zinkawu zingakha futhi ukubonakala okubonakalayo lapho zisongelwa, noma ziveze ukubusa.
Ukusayinwa ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa ukuminyelwa okuvela kwizindlala esifubeni nasesifubeni nasezithweni zangasese kuvumela owesifazana ukukhombisa owesilisa lapho ekwazi ukuzala. Izilwane zingabambelela ezindaweni ezithe mpo ngemichilo yazo ebukhali ngesikhathi sokudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Marmoset Hatchling
Ama-marmosets abhekwa njengabalingani abangabodwa. Amadoda asemakhaya agcina ngokuqina ukufinyelela okuhlukile kwabesifazane bokuzala. Kodwa-ke, i-polyandry yabonwa ngamaqembu nabesilisa abaningana. Abesifazane abazikhombisi izimpawu zangaphandle ze-ovulation ezibonakalayo, kepha ucwaningo lwabantu abasendle luye lwabonisa ukuthi izintokazi zingabika isimo sazo sokuzala kwabesilisa besebenzisa izibonakaliso zokuziphatha noma indlela yokuziphatha. Kuma-marmosets, akukho kuhlangana okutholakele phakathi kwenani labesilisa abadala nenani lezingane.
Izinkawu ezimfushane zabesifazane zingazala ama-1 kuya kwayi-3, kepha ikakhulukazi zivame ukuzala amawele. Cishe amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokubeletha, izinsikazi ziwela kuma-estrus asemva kokubeletha, lapho kwenzeka ukukhula kokuzala. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-4,5, isb., Njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6,6 izimbotshana zama-marmosets azalwa. Izinkawu ze-Dwarf zinesistimu yokunakekelwa kwezinsana ebambisana kakhulu, kodwa yisifazane esisodwa kuphela esivelele eqenjini esizala izingane.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-16. Ngemuva kokudla cishe izinyanga ezintathu futhi zifinyelele ekukhulelweni ngonyaka kuya kunyaka nesigamu, zifinyelela isisindo sazo somuntu omdala ngeminyaka emi-2. Abancane bavame ukuhlala eqenjini labo kuze kudlule imijikelezo emibili elandelayo yokuzalwa. Izingane zakubo nazo zibandakanyeka ekunakekeleni izingane.
Ingane esanda kuzalwa idinga ukunakwa okuningi, ngakho-ke, ukubamba iqhaza kwenani elikhulu lamalungu omndeni ekunakekeleni kunciphisa inani lamahora elichithwa ukukhulisa inzalo, kanye nokugcizelela amakhono okuba ngumzali. Amalungu eqembu, ngokuvamile abesifazane, angabambezela ukukhiqizwa kwawo ngokwamisa i-ovulation ukunakekela inzalo yabanye eqenjini. Inani elifanelekile labantu abanakekela i-marmoset yengane licishe libe yisihlanu. Abaqaphi banesibopho sokuthola ukudla kwezingane futhi basiza nobaba ukuthi baqhubeke nokulandela izisulu ezingaba yingozi.
Izitha zemvelo zemarmony
I-marmoset ephuzi, eluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibahlinzeka ngokuzifihla endaweni yasehlathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkawu zenze amathuluzi okuxhumana ukuxwayisa omunye ngomunye ngezinsongo ezisondele. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu babo bomzimba omncane bubenza babe inyamazane engaba khona yezinyoni ezidla inyama, amathuna amancane kanye nezinyoka ezinyukayo.
Izidlamlilo ezidumile ezihlasela imarmm zifaka:
Kubukeka sengathi indima enkulu edlalwa yilezi zinsikazi ezincane ohlelweni lwazo lokuphila kuhlobene nendlela yazo eyondlayo yokudla, ngakho-ke zingathinta impilo yezihlahla ezihlala kuzo. Izixuku ezinkulu ezincintisanayo, nazo ezidla ama-exudates, zingagxobha amaqembu emarmony amancane asuka esihlahleni ukuze asebenzise izimbobo ezazimbiwe ngaphambili. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlangana, ukuxhumana phakathi kweC. Pygmaea nezinye izimfunda, njengomthetho, kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kusukela ngawo-1980s, kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika, i-marmoset iye yathonywa kakhulu yi-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), ethwalwa igundane elijwayelekile. Lokhu kuholele ekuqubukeni okubulalayo kwe-hepatitis (CH) phakathi kwezinkawu ezithunjiwe.
Izintuthwane zingangena phakathi kwezimbobo ezigayiwe ezihlahleni, ngakho-ke ama-marmose ayaphoqeleka ukuba athuthe. Izinkawu zezidladla zitholakala kalula kwi-parxite Toxoplasma gondii, okuholela ekubulaweni yi-toxoplasmosis. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinkawu zasendle ezincishisiwe zilinganiselwe, nokho, izinyoni ezidla inyama, amathuna amancanyana kanye nezinyoka ezikhuphukayo ziyizidlamlilo ezivamile.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Marmoset Monkey
Kukholakala ukuthi izinkawu ezimbadlana azikho engcupheni yokwehliselwa phansi ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwazo okuningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu njengezinhlobo ezingakhathazi kangako. Njengamanje, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane azibhekene nokusongelwa okukhulu, yize ezinye izakhamuzi zendawo zingathikamezeka ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: I-marmoset yaqala yabhaliswa ku-CITES Isithasiselo I ngo-1977-1979 maqondana nokuhweba ngezilwane zasendle, kepha selokhu yancishiswa kwaba iSithasiselo II. Usongelwa ngokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kwezinye izindawo, kanye nokuthengiswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kwezinye (ngokwesibonelo, e-Ecuador).
Ukuxhumana phakathi komuntu ne-marmoset kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko eziningi zokuziphatha, okubandakanya ukudlala komphakathi nezimpawu ezizwakalayo, ezibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwezilwane phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ikakhulu ezindaweni ezivakashelwa kakhulu, izinkawu ezinwabuzelayo zivame ukuba kuthule, zingabi nolaka futhi zingadlali. Zigcwaliswe ezingxenyeni eziphakeme zehlathi lemvula kunokuba zithanda.
I-Marmoset ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nobunjalo bokulalela, zivame ukutholakala ezimbonini zokudoba izilwane ezifuywayo. Ezokuvakasha zeHabitat zihambelana nokwanda kokubanjwa kwezilwane. Lezi imvuthuluka zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zasekhaya, lapho zihlala khona ngamaqembu.
Habitat
AmaMarmosets ahlala ezwekazini laseNingizimu Melika. Zivamile ogwini lwe-Amazon, eBrazil, eBolivia, ePeru, e-Ecuador, naseColombia. Indawo abathanda kakhulu ukuhlala kuyo imifula kanye nezingxenye zehlathi, ezikhukhulwa ngenkathi yezimvula, kanye nemiphetho yamahlathi. Bachitha iningi lempilo yabo emthini, ngaphandle kokukhuphuka ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-18-20. Akuvamile ukwehlela emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ukudla.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- Inkawu encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ubude bayoba amasentimitha ayi-15, enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-190. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-16, okuyi-1/6 yesisindo sikamama. Ama-marmosets ama-dwarf ahlala eNingizimu Melika. Bahola indlela yokuphila enhle futhi esebenzayo. Bahlala ikakhulu ezihlahleni. Bazondla ngamajusi wezinkuni, izithelo zezitshalo, izilwane ezincane.
Indlela yokuphila
Inkawu encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyasebenza ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa. Zihamba ngemilenze emine. Claws asetshenziswa ezihlahleni ukugcina isimo. Ziyakwazi ukuhamba namagatsha aqonde mpo. Bagxumela ebangeni elingamamitha amane, bangajikijela emagatsheni amade nasemvinini, bese besuka egatsheni baye kwelinye.
Ama-Marmosets ayathandeka, futhi axhumana njalo njalo, usuku lonke. Olimini lwabo kunemisindo eminingi eveza izimo ezithile: i-twitter, i-trill, futhi nemisindo ngaphandle kwezindlebe zomuntu.
Lezi zinkawu zihlala emaphaketheni asungulwa ngababili. Umhlambi ungaba nezizukulwane ezine zezizukulwane. Akukaziwa ngokungaqiniseki ukuthi ngabe baphila impilo yokuba nomuntu oyedwa noma isithembu. Kungenzeka ukuthi emhlambini ngamunye kungumuntu ngamunye. Ebuhlotsheni bezenhlalo, ukunakekela izinwele zezinye izizwe kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Abanaso isikhathi sokuzala. Insikazi ifihla inzalo izinyanga ezingaba ngu-4,5, njengoba kuzalwa amawele, amvamisa kathathu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuzelwe, insikazi izobe isilungele ukukhulelwa okwesibili.
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-16 amagremu kuphela. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nesisindo sikamama, lokhu kungenye yezinkomba ezinkulu kunhlobonhlobo - 1/6 ingxenye yesisindo sikamama. Izingane azisizi ngalutho futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa. Indima yamaduna ithathwa abanye bomhlambi. Zithwala amawundlu emzimbeni wazo futhi ziziletha kunina kuphela ukuze zizondle. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, izingane sezikulungele impilo yokuzimela, kepha zihlale nomndeni wazo.
Ama-Flocks ahlala ezindaweni ezifika kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-0,4. Bakhomba izindawo zabo ngosizo lwephunga futhi bangaqapha eminye imihlambi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukulwa kuyenzeka, kepha ikakhulu izinsongo kuphela.
Usongo olukhulu empilweni lwalezi zinkawu ezincane ukuhlaselwa kwezinyoka nezinyoni ezidla ezinye. Futhi, ukuhweba ngezilwane kudluliselwa kubo.
Umsoco
Inkawu encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyayithanda intshalo yezihlahla lapho ithola khona ngokugedla amagxolo ngamazinyo ayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zidla ezihuquzelayo ezincane nezinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi badla izithelo.
Ama-marmosets athambile adla izithelo, amajikijolo, imifino, inyama, inhlanzi nezitsha zamaqanda.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ama-marmosets ama-dwarf ahlala e-Amazon, eningizimu yeColombia, e-Ecuador, izindawo ezisenyakatho zePeru neBolivia, kanye nentshonalanga yeBrazil. Imvamisa zihlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ngasogwini lwemifula nasehlathini egcwele izikhukhula zonyaka. Iningi lezimpilo zabo zichithwa ezihlahleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zehlela emhlabathini.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-marmosets e-dwarf ayasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa futhi ahlala ezihlahleni. Zihamba ngemilenze emine, kufaka phakathi amagatsha aqonde phezulu, futhi ziyakwazi ukugxumela kumamitha. Ama-marmosets ama-dwarf ahlala emaqenjini ezizwe anezizukulwane eziningana. Ukuzilolonga mutual kudlala indima ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni babo nabanye. Ama-marmosets omdaka amaka insimu yawo ngokukhishwa okuqhamuke ezithweni ezikhethekile, futhi njengomthetho, abantu abangabazi, bayakhishwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kungafika nokulwa.
Ukuzala
Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ama-marmosets amancanyana aphila impilo yobuntu obuyinqaba, yize eminye imithombo ithi abantu besifazane baganana nabesilisa abaningi. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, okuhlala kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-150, njengomthetho, kuzalwa amawundlu ama-2. Ubaba kanye nabanye besilisa eqenjini basiza ekukhuliseni inzalo, bayithwale emhlane futhi balethe omama babo ukuba bazondle ngobisi. Eminyakeni emibili, ama-marmosets amancane aqala ukukhula ngokocansi. Isikhathi eside kunazo zonke esaphila kulezi zilwane sasiyiminyaka eyi-11.
Intengo Marmoset
Izindleko zeMarmet hhayi okuncane. Akuzona zonke izitolo zezilwane ezingayithenga. Inkawu encane ithengiswa ngasese noma emadolobheni amakhulu njengeMoscow noma iKiev. I-marmazetka eKiev ibiza ama-54,000 gr. Intengo yemarobet emfushane eMoscow kusuka kuma-ruble angama-85,000.
I-Marmoset enamehlo amhlophe Kubiza kusuka kuma-ruble angama-75,000 kuya kwangama-110,000. Uma kunesifiso nethuba lokuthola i-charm enjalo, ke noma kunjalo thenga i-marmoset ngeke kube lula kangako. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bambalwa kakhulu abathengiswayo.
Habitat
Endle, ama-marmoset atholakala phezulu kwe-Amazon, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeColombia ne-Ecuador, enyakatho yeBolivia nePeru, kanye nasezindaweni ezisentshonalanga zeBrazil. Izinkawu ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni zithanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu ziyehla ukuze zingazifaki engcupheni yokuthi zingadliwe yizinyamazane.
Izidingo zeTerrarium
Umbuso wokushisa we-terrarium kufanele ube ngu-25-29 ° C, umswakama womoya - 60%. “Indlu” yesikebhe kufanele isivikelwe kokubhaliwe. Lezi zinkawu ezincane zithanda ukunyakaza, ngakho-ke kumele kube nenqwaba yamagatsha ahlukene nezibambi ku-terrarium, lapho izinkawu ziyogxuma khona ngokuzithandela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ahlala kuyo inkawu kufanele ibe nenani elanele lokukhosela, lapho angacasha khona uma kukhona okumesabisayo. Izindawo ezinjalo eziyimfihlo zibaluleke kakhulu kunethezekiso lwengqondo lwesilwane.
Ama-marmosets ayizilwane ezihamba ngababili, ngakho-ke, enquma ukuthola inkawu, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi uzoba nezilwane ezifuywayo ezimbili ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, i-terrarium yombhangqwana kufanele ibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka: okungenani imitha yobude namamitha amabili ukuphakama.
Lezi zicucu zisebenza kakhulu phakathi nosuku futhi zingahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwelanga. Kulokhu kuhlangana, i-terrarium ibekwe kangcono ohlangothini olunelanga lwendlu futhi inikeze ukukhanya kwayo ngamalambu akhethekile.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza i-terrarium okungenani kanye ngenyanga, isikhathi sonke osidingayo ukufaka umhlabathi ongcolile lapho kunesidingo.
Ukondla
Endle, izinkawu ezincanyana zidla ubisi lwezinkuni, ezikhipha ngamazinyo abukhali, ziququda amagxolo ezihlahla. Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwe-marmoset kuqukethe izithelo ezinamanzi (banana, ikhabe, umango, i-apula) nezinambuzane ezincane. Bazithanda izinkawu noju lwezinyosi zemvelo, kanye namajusi amasha. Ukudla kwengane kungahlukaniswa ngokudla kwengane (ngaphandle kobisi, ukuze kungabangeli i-allergies) nezinhlamvu.
Ukuhlinzeka isilwane ngezinsini eziqinile, okungenani kanye ngeviki kuyadingeka ukumnika izithelo ezigeziwe ezomisiwe, nokugaya kahle - i-bio-yogurt. Ungakhohlwa ngokungezwa kwama-vithamini akhethekile ekudleni, okuzochazwa ngodokotela wezilwane ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukondla i-marmoset kuyindlela enhle yokukunciphisa, ngoba, ukuthatha ukudla ezandleni zomuntu, i-marmoset iqala ukumethemba.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Ukunakekela le ngane ehlekisayo kwehla ekuhlanzweni ejwayelekile kwe-terrarium, njengoba lezi zinhlaka zenza izinqubo zazo zokuhlanzeka. Izinkawu ngokwazo zilungisa ijazi lazo futhi azidingi usizo lwangaphandle.
Umnikazi we-marmoset anganakekela isimo esihle sezilwane ezifuywayo ngokutholela amathoyizi ahlukahlukene kubo (amathoyizi aphephile wezingane aphelele). Lezi zinkawu ziyafuna ukwazi futhi zijabule kakhulu ngakho konke okusha.
Ezempilo nokuvimbela
Endle, isikhathi sokuphila komuntu osemanzini asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-11, ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, inkawu ingaphila iminyaka engama-20.
Isifo esijwayelekile kakhulu sezinkawu ezithunjiwe yi-osteodystrophy, sicasulwa ukudla okungalinganiseli (ukuntuleka kwevithamini D3) nokuntuleka kwesilinganiso sokushisa nokukhanya esidingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphutha ekudleni kwama-marmosets angadala izifo ezahlukahlukene zomlomo wesibeletho.
Ngezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sokuqala (ukubekezela, umsebenzi wehla), kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho wezilwane.
Izindleko
Izindleko ezimaphakathi zomuntu onempilo ezinemibhalo efanelekile ziyehluka esifundeni sama-1500-2000 amayunithi ezijwayelekile. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, ngamadola angama-200 ukuya kuma-20000 abiza kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ngaphambi kokuthola lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele, kufanele ukhumbule okuhle nokubi kahle. Okokuqala, ama-marmosets ayintokozo ebizayo, okwesibili, adinga ukunakekelwa okuthile, okwesithathu, le ngane ikhuthele kakhulu, iyaguga futhi inelukuluku, okwesine, lezi zilwane azisoze zalungiswa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuthembeka abangane abaphephile bemizi, ikakhulukazi izingane.