I-FEDOROVSK OIL KANYE NOGASI KAKHULU

Itholakala esifundeni saseSurgut seKhanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, maphakathi nendawo yesifunda kawoyela ne-Surgut esifundeni i-Central Ob kawoyela negesi.
Ngokwemibandela ye-tectonic, insimu ifakwe kuphela phezulu okwenziwe ngohlobo lwe-Fedorovsky dome elingaphakathi enkabeni ye-Surgut arch. Ophahleni lwe-Upper Jurassic deposits, ukuphakanyiswa kwe-Fedorov kwe-oda lesithathu kuwukugoqa okuqhakazile okunezinhlaka ezimibalabala eziqinile, ziqonde emugqeni oqondile. Ukunyuka kunobukhulu be-13.5x4.7 km, amplitude - kuze kufike ku-37 m.
Ngo-1963, njengengxenye ye-Surgut NRE, kwahlelwa umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa u-10 / 63-64 (inhloko yeqembu u-V.N. Bagaev, inhloko ye-disachment I.N. Dovgul, isikhulu se-geophysicist T.M. Bagaev) ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-geophysical ezindaweni. enyakatho, entshonalanga nasempumalanga yedolobhana. I-Surgut Inhloso yalomsebenzi bekuwukufunda ngesakhiwo semvelo nokusesha izakhiwo ezinhle. Phambilini, umsebenzi kulezi zindawo wenziwa ngevolumu encane futhi ngokuya ngohlelo olunqabile lwamaphrofayili cn 5 / 60-61 (inhloko yebatch futhi ubika uN. M. Bekhtin, umhumushi u-E. Vondarenko).
Ezikhathini ezintathu zensimu, umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe we-10 / 63-64 ucacisiwe futhi walungisa isakhiwo seWest Surgut sokujula okujulile, nangasenyakatho nedolobhana. AbakwaSurgut baveza futhi bahlaziya indawo enkulu ephakeme lapho insimu ka-Fedorovskoye yatholakala khona kamuva. Kunikezwe izincomo zokuchaza lo mkhakha futhi kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kunesakhiwo esikhulu esihle nenqwaba yamafutha.
I-Surgut sp 15 / 69-70 Khanty-Mansiysk Geophysical Trust (isiqalo seqembu uLPP. Tyulenev, isiqalo kokuqala kokudonswa kwemigwaqo I.N. Dovgul, unjiniyela-osebenzela uV.G. Selivanov, abalobi u-A.N. Zadoepko, A. U-P. Andreev) wenza ukuhlola okuningiliziwe kokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-MOB ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 500 000 engxenyeni ephakathi ne-Surgut arch. Njengomphumela womsebenzi, izinhlaka zeFedorovskaya, iVershinnaya, neMokhovaya zachazwa, zatholwa ngemininingwane, futhi zalungiselela ukuqhutshwa ngokujulile kokumba.
Umsebenzi owengeziwe wenziwa yi-Savuisky sp 14 / 72-73 (isiqalo seqembu A.D. Khalilov, isiqalo sokuthola isithasiselo V.P. Filipenko, isazi sezokuma komhlaba kanye nomlobi wombiko u-A.N. Zadoenko).
Ukumba okwenziwe ngokuhlolisisa okwenzeka enkundleni kuqhutshwe yi-Surgut NRE. Ukuphuma kwalolu hambo bekuholwa nguN. M. Morozov, isazi sokuma komhlaba okwakungu-A. A. Teplyakov, inhloko yomnyango wezejogra u-A. P. Shashkin, kanye nesazi sezokuma komhlaba uF. N. Ludofun.
Well 62 e-Fedorovskaya Square yabekwa engxenyeni esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yesakhiwo ngenhloso yokufuna ukufakwa kwamafutha negesi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweCretaceous, kufundwa ngezindawo zokugcina zezingxenye ze-AS ne-BS, kanye nokwakheka kwengxenye yengxenye yasenyakatho-nasempumalanga yesakhiwo.
Indawo eyisimo sikaNo. 62 ikhonjiswe yikhomishini njengengxenye yenhloko yomnyango wejograus A.P. Shashkin kanye nenhloko ye-topu Yu. Bezrukov.
Isenzo sokubekwa komthombo onguNo. 62 ngokujulwa komklamo esingama-2500 m senziwa ngomhlaka 13 Mashi 1971.
Iqembu le-VIC (eliholwa ngu-G. A. Sapotnitsky) lifake irigging rging kanye nemishini ye-P-62. Ngenkathi kusuka ngoJuni 27 kuya kuJulayi 24, 1971, izikhulu zenkampani eyakha imishini u-N. U. Zhumazhanova baphothula ukumba umthombo ngo-2515 m.
Ngesikhathi sokumba nge-coring kusuka ngezikhathi ezithile ze-2312-2304, 2299-2289, 2045-2039, ama-sandstones kawoyela aphakanyiswa. Ngokwemiphumela yokuchazwa okuphelele kokucwaninga okwenziwa emkhakheni (geocysical field, G. B. Timoshin, unjiniyela wokuhumusha uN. A. Fidrya) izinto ezinhlanu bezingaphansi kokuhlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa kahle kusuka ngo-Agasti 13 kuya ku-Septhemba 30, 1971 kwenziwa ngudokotela omkhulu wesayensi yokuhlolwa kwengqondo uP.I. Garbar kanye ne-master master I.G. Kozlovsky.
Izimboni zika-oyela zezimboni zitholakala ezincekelweni ze-Middle Jurassic, Valanginian, Hauterivian, neBarrem. Isisekelo samafutha esiyi-1000 m.
Imisakazo yekhanda le-Surgut NRE TT. UM. Morozov kwinhloko ye-Glavtyumengeology Yu. G. Ervye - ekutholakaleni kwenkundla yamafutha yaseFedorovskoye:

Kusuka eSurgut Agasti 17, 1971
Kwatholakala umthombo ka-oyela ongama-105 m3 / ngosuku emthonjeni we-HP 6S weFedorovskaya Square lapho kuhlolwa into yokuqala yesikhala se-B96-11. ebangeni elifanelekile eliyi-19 mm. Le yinkambu yesithathu kawoyela etholwe yi-Surgut explication expence kulo nyaka. I-Morozov.

Insimu yeFedorovskoye yathuthukiswa kwezentengiso kusukela ngo-1973. Ngo-2000, kukhiqizwe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-8,277 kawoyela kanye namagesi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,515 m. Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela okuhlanganisiwe kufinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-456.875, igesi - 18.252 billion m 3.

// Biography of the Great Feat: I-Tyumen Geology: Iminyaka. Abantu. Imicimbi (1953-2003) .- Wed.-Ural. Isikhulu Ukushicilela Indlu, 2003.-S.296-297

Fedorovskoe

Isihloko: Fedorovskoye uwoyela nensimu kagesi

Indawo: Indawo ye-Khanty-Mansi Autonomous

Ilayisense: I-OJSC "Surgutneftegas"

Amasheya: Imithombo yokuqala yokugcwala yamafutha etholakalayo ensimini ngamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 1.5.

Izici: Engxenyeni ye-AS4-8 yensimu yeFedorovskoye, ukwakheka kwamatshe okuphela uwoyela kwezinye izindawo kunobukhulu bamamitha angama-4-2, isiciko segesi esingamamitha ayi-50 ngaphezulu, kanti ungqimba lwamanzi obukhulu obufanayo bungezansi.

Le nsimu iqanjwe ngemuva kokuwina kwe-USSR State Prize Viktor Petrovich Fedorov, isazi esikhulu se-geophysicist sokuhamba kukagesi waseSurgut. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yokuzamazama komhlaba, phakathi kweminyaka engama-60s, wabikezela ngokutholwa kwensimu kaFedorovskoye, eyabizwa nangokuthi "udadewabo omncane" waseSamotlor.

Agasti 17, 1971 - le nsimu itholwe ngokuhlolisisa kahle u-No 62, okhiqize ukugcwala kwamafutha angenamanzi ngesilinganiso sokuhamba okungaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-cubic. m ngosuku.

Mashi 31, 1973 - Insimu yeFedorovskoye yafakwa ekusebenzeni kwezimboni zokushayela izindiza. Amathani okuqala kawoyela atholakala emthonjeni onguNombolo 66.

Okthoba 25, 1974 - Kwashintshwa indawo yokuhlonipha ohlonishwa ngamathani ayisigidi okuqala kawoyela akhiqizwa ensimini.

Mashi 30, 1977 - Ngomyalo weGlavtyumenneftegaz, umnyango wokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi weFedorovskneft wadalwa.

Meyi 1978 - Isikhungo sokuqala sokufukuza samaphampu (CSN-2) esifakwe izigaba ezimbili zokwehlukaniswa ngomthamo wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ngosuku sathunyelwa, owokuqala enkundleni yeFedorovskoye.

NgoJuni 1, 1978 - Wakha umhlangano wokusebenzela owokwakha uwoyela negesi No. 1 (TsDNG-1).

1980-1981 - Kwenziwa intuthuko ebanzi yensimu yokukhulisa igesi, imithombo ifakwa ngemishini yokuphakamisa igesi ngaphansi komhlaba.

Janawari 1982 - Isiteshi sokuqala sokunyusa igesi esisebenza ngegesi iKS-41 sasebenza, kwaqala ukusebenza kahle igesi.

1983 - Izinga eliphakeme lokukhiqizwa kawoyela ensimini kaFedorovskoye lafinyelelwa - ngaphezulu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-35.

NgoFebhuwari 1985 - Kukhiqizwe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-250 ensimini. Ngonyaka ofanayo, kwenziwa indawo yezimboni yezindiza yokusebenza ekwakhekeni kwe-AC4-8 endaweni ye-TsDNG-2.

Ngo-1988 - Ukudluliselwa kwemithombo yemikhiqizo ukukhiqizwa kawoyela kwaqala.

Eminyakeni yama-90s yokuqala, umsebenzi wokuhlola wokumba ngokuvundla waqala.

Disemba 1994 - Ensimini yeFedorovskoye, ukuxhashazwa kwezentengiselwano ekwakhekeni kwe-AC4-8 kwenziwa imithombo evundlile.

Kokuphelele ngokuphelele ngonyaka we-1983. ukwehla komkhiqizo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1996. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sibuyele emuva ngenxa yokubekwa kwezindawo ezilukhuni ukuthola kabusha, okuthe, njengamanje ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zezomnotho, sekubize kakhulu ukuthuthuka.

2004 - Amathani ayizigidi ezingama-500 kawoyela akhiqizwe selokhu kwaqala ukusebenza.

Ngo-2012 Kukhiqizwe amathani kawoyela angaphezu kwe-8 miliyoni ayizinkulungwane ezingama-275 ensimini yeFedorovskoye. Ngaphezu kwe-30% yaleli volumu kunikezwa ukusebenza kwemithombo evundlile. Ngokuya ngohlelo lokuthuthuka lobuchwepheshe, leyo ndlela yokusebenza kwenkundla ingagcinwa isikhathi esithile.

Isimo Samanje: Intuthuko iyaqhubeka

Ubuchwepheshe: Ukuthuthukisa izinto ezinokulondolozwa okunzima ukuthola kabusha, ukugoqa, ukugoqa okuvundlile, kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic kuyasetshenziswa.

Indawo yediphozi yaseFedorovsky

Isebenzisa amasu ajulile wokumba, iMegion, iSurgut, kanye nezinsimu zePatsezdovskoye kwatholakala elinye emva kwelinye (kwaba ngama-25 kuphela ku onqenqemeni). Le nsimu, eyaqanjwa ngusolwazi-unjiniyela ososayensi omuhle kakhulu, yatholakala ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha ishonile - ngo-1971. Itholakala kumakhilomitha angama-75 ngasenyakatho kweSurgut (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) ekujuleni kuka-1.9 - 3.1 km. Ulimi lukamfundisi olomile lubika ukuthi le ndawo iyindawo ephakathi nendawo yesifunda kawoyela ne-Surgut esifundeni i-Central Ob kawoyela negesi.

Isigatshana se-geological sithasisela ukuthi insimu isendaweni ephakemeyo efana ne-Fedorovsky kanye ne-Sollut arch futhi "iyisibalo esibonisa ngokugqamile ngezinhla ezimibalabala, ziqonde emugqeni oqondile".

Indawo yokuphakanyiswa konke ngamamitha ayi-850. km, ngesibalo esifinyelela ku-37 m.

Izici zobuchwepheshe zensimu yeFedorovskoye

Indawo yensimu icishe ibe ngu-1900 km2, ubukhulu be-oyela ngu-0.85-00.9 g / cm3. Ngemuva kweSamotlor, le nkambu ingeyesibili ngobukhulu ngokuya ngamanani amadiphozi futhi isohlwini lwabayishumi abakhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, ngoba ingeyesiqhwaga (uhlobo lokuhlukaniswa) futhi ithuthukisiwe (uhlobo lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni).

Ukuqala kokuthuthukiswa kwensimu ye-Fedorovsky

Ngakho-ke, insimu eyatholakala ngo-1971 ngonyaka we-1973 yaqala ukusebenza. Iminyaka yokuqala yakhombisa ukuthi akuyona insimu ngokwayo ezocacisa umthamo wokukhiqizwa kawoyela, kepha ingqalasizinda ezungezile. Umphumela omkhulu ungafinyeleleka kuphela ngokulethwa kwemishini yokumba kanye nokulungiswa kwayo ngesikhathi esifushane, kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kulungiswe futhi kulungiswe izindlela ezisetshenziswayo. Ukunwetshwa kwesisekelo sezinto zokulungisa kwaba ekuqaleni komgwaqo inkinga enkulu yokuthuthukiswa.

Ngokwanda kwenethiwekhi yemigwaqo (okwakungewona umsebenzi olula walezo zimo zemvelo), umthamo wokukhiqiza nawo unyukile. Ukukhula ngokushesha komkhiqizo kunqunywa yilesi sici. Ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi kawoyela kuqede isithombe sokunqoba kwenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, eklanyelwe ukusiza izisebenzi zemboni kawoyela.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwensimu kanye Nezinsizakusebenza

Ngemuva konyaka nesigamu (ngo-Okthoba 1974), lo mkhakha wabika ngodaba lwamathani ayizigidi zokuqala kawoyela. Ngaso sonke isikhathi Amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 (le nkomba yafinyelelwa ngo-2004) kawoyela akhishwe emathunjini akhe ngesikhathi sokuxhashazwa kwensimu. Inani eliphakeme lokukhiqiza lafika ngonyaka we-1983, lapho izwe lithola amathani ayizigidi ezingama-36.

Ngokwesilinganiso esilondolozwe kakhulu, izinsalela zika-oyili ezitholakalayo zingaba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Kusetshenziswa ukubala okulula, kufinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi isikhathi esilinganisiwe sokuthuthukiswa kwensimu sizoba yiminye iminyaka eyi-110-120.

Izici zokukhiqizwa kawoyela enkundleni yeFedorovskoye

Ngemuva kokunyuka, ukwehla okulindelekile komkhiqizo kulandelwe. Ngokuya ngamaphutha akhiqizwayo kawoyela kulesi sifunda, uwoyela ulele ezingxenyeni ezinendawo yazo phakathi kwe-cap, okukhona ngayo igesi, nomugqa wamanzi onotshani. Ukungabikho kwesithiyo somhlabathi wobumba kuholela ekungeneni kwamanzi ngokushesha emigodini. Kulokhu, izimayini zibhekene nezikhukhula ezisheshayo, okuyisifo esikhulu sensimu.

Amanzi amaningi aqubuka ngaphandle kwemayini, isikhathi esiningi esichithwa ukujikijela lowo mgodi. Ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo kuyawa, izimayini kufanele zimiswe ukuze zilungiswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kukhona ukwehla okujwayelekile ekukhiqizeni uwoyela. Amasheya wokumba mpo kuleli cala awasizi ngalutho.

Izimo ezinjalo azilungile inqubo evamile yokukhiqiza uwoyela, mayelana nayo, ngawo-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinyathelo zokuqala kwathathwa ukwethula ubuchwepheshe obusha bokumba - ovundlile. Ubuchwephesha bokumba obukhulu akuyona into ephumelelayo embonini yamafutha, ngoba le ndlela ibaziwa kusukela ngo-1846. Ama-30s wekhulu leminyaka elizayo alungisa izimo zobuchwepheshe bokubhoboza besebenzisa le ndlela.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1950, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwemithombo eqondisayo kwaqala. Iziqu kuleli cala ziphambuka zibheke phezulu, i-rig uqobo itholakala kude nenkambu. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa le ndlela ngamasimu aphesheya kwezilwandle noma ugu. Umgomo wokudonsa othambekele futhi ovundile wakhuthaza abasebenzi bezimboni zikawoyela ukuthi bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokwemba besebenzisa indlela yokuhlangana, lapho isiza esisodwa (iqembu) lingafaka imithombo eyi-10-12 eyahluka kulo njengamagatsha (yingakho igama).

Amathemba wokuthuthukiswa kwensimu ye-Fedorovsky

Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, ukuhlolwa kokwethula indlela eqondile yokumba endaweni yeFedorovskoye kwaphumelela. Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-150 kawoyela, okubonakala sengathi alahlekile, abhalwa ngenxa yenzuzo ephansi yokukhiqiza. Njengamanje, kufinyelela kuma-30% wevolumu ephelele yamafutha akhiqizwa kule nsimu ngendlela enezingqimba, futhi le ndlela yokusebenza ingasebenza kakhulu isikhathi eside.

Ngenxa yokuvela kokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezindawo ezilukhuni ukuthola kabusha (lapho inzuzo ishintshashintsha khona ngokujikelezayo okungu-zero), umakhi wensimu uhlela ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa ngokuqondile ngokumba okuvundlile. Abahlaziyi bezezimali banikeza isibikezelo esihle somnotho ngemiphumela yezenzo ezinjalo. Njengokungezelelwa okwengeziwe, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa igesi yemvelo ehlobene kuze kufike kuma-99% wevolumu yayo. Le ndlela ithinta kahle isimo semvelo yesifunda (izindaba zemvelo ziphansi kancane).

Kwenze ngokwakho? Ngemuva kwalokho funda i-athikili echaza iphrojekthi!

Umanyolo yingxenye ebalulekile yengadi yakho. Imininingwane enemininingwane iyatholakala kusixhumanisi se-https: //greenologia.ru/eko-problemy/biosfera/bolota/torf-udobrenie.html.

Ithonya lediphozi leFedorovsky ku-ecology yesifunda

Njenganoma yimuphi imboni petrochemical, kushiye uphawu olungasoze lwenzeka kuhlobo lwesifunda. Kepha uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sengqondo sokungacabangi nokuchithayo emvelweni ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, indlela yesimanje yokuvikelwa kwemvelo inikeza imiphumela ethe xaxa. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho esetshenzisiwe, izidingo zemvelo zamabhizinisi ziqiniswe kaningi. Ukusebenza kwabo kungaphansi kokuqashwa njalo, njengomphumela wokuthi kubekwe ibhalansi enhle ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi komuntu nendalo.

Izingozi ziyenzeka futhi, njengaleyo eyenzeka ngonyaka ka-2011 ngenxa yokuxineka kwenye yezimayini.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuqiniswa kwezidingo zemishini namazinga okuphepha kwemvelo, inani lezingozi ezikhona emayini alincane, kanye nomonakalo ohlotsheni lwesifunda.

Isimanje se-Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ngokubanzi kanye neFororovka edume ngokukhethekile ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi inkundla yamafutha yekhulu lama-21. Ukuxhuma okungenakucatshangelwa okwenziwe abathuthukisi bensimu kuwo wonke umlando weminyaka engama-45 yokusebenza kwayo kusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise leli binzana ngaphandle kwesizotha esingafanele. Uma ezweni lethu kwakuyisiko ukubiza amaqhawe hhayi amadolobha kuphela, kodwa futhi namadiphozithi, khona-ke idiphozi leFedorovskoye lalingaba ngelokuqala ukuthola lesi sihloko.

(Azikho izilinganiso okwamanje)