Izilwandle nezilwandle kuyizimvelo ezinkulu ezihlala cishe izingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba wonke womhlaba. Impilo emhlabeni wethu yasungulwa olwandle, okuyindawo yokuphila efaneleka ngokuphelele. Amanzi olwandle aqukethe i-oxygen eningi nezinye izinto ezidingekayo empilweni.
Iqoqo lokudla olwandle liqala nge-plankton - izitshalo nezilwane ezincane kunazo zonke ezigcinwe emanzini angaphezulu. Ezinezindawo ezinabantu abaningi kunazo zonke ezokuqala zingamamitha angama-90 ngaphansi kolwandle. Ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa kusangena ngaphakathi lapha. Kepha ekujuleni kolwandle, izinkulungwane zamamitha ngaphansi komhlaba, kukhona nokuphila, kukhona izimpethu, ama-mollusks, inhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Amahlengethwa
Amahlengethwa, yize ebukeka efana nezinhlanzi, ayizilwane ezincelisayo. Lezi yizilwane ezinegazi ezifudumele ezigcina ukushisa komzimba okuhlala njalo. Zinamaphaphu eziwaphefumulayo, futhi zizala izingane eziphilayo ezinceliswe ubisi. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 zamahlengethwa zihlala ikakhulu ezilwandle ezihlukene ezilwandle kanye nasolwandle, kepha izinhlobo eziyi-12 zalezi zilwane zihlala emifuleni yaseNingizimu Melika nase-Asia.
Ama-dolphin ayizilwane ezikhuhliswe kakhulu futhi ezinobungane. Kwakuba nezikhathi lapho amahlengethwa asindisa abantu ababila futhi ebavikela koshaka. Amahlengethwa angakhuluma. Bahlala bekhipha imisindo ehlukahlukene ebangeni le-ultrasonic - ngokuchofoza, ukushaya ikhwela, ukububula, okukhombisa kusuka kwizithiyo emanzini, ukuvumela ukuba bakwazi ukuhamba kahle endaweni. Ama-dolphin anezimbobo zomzimba ezijwayeziwe njenge-torpedo. Bangakwazi ukubhukuda okuhle kakhulu futhi bazivumelanisa kahle nokuphila emanzini. Lapho zibhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi, isikhumba sazo simbozwa ngemigoqo emincane ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezela kwamanzi. Ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi luwavikela kuma-hypothermia ngokweqile.
I-Albatrosses
Ama-Albatrosses abuyela emhlabeni kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala ukukhulisa nokukhulisa amaphuphu. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-albatrosses amanzi aphakathi kwe-Antarctic kanye nemikhawulo eseningizimu ye-Australia, South America kanye ne-Afrika. Lama-glitter amahle, esebenzisa imisinga yokushisa komoya, angakhuphuka amahora amaningi ngaphezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko awo. Ama-Albatrosses adla izinhlanzi, i-plankton kanye nama-crustaceans. Bangakwazi ukuxosha imikhumbi yokudoba isikhathi eside belinde imfucuza yezinhlanzi.
Isikhumba sesikhumba
Amajuba amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ama-turtleback turtles. Zingaba nesisindo esingama-725 kg bese zifinyelela ku-2 m ubude. Kukhethwe ufudu oluyisikhumba oluvela olwandle ogwini olushisayo nolungenamanzi nje ukubeka amaqanda. Ebusuku, insikazi ikhasa iye kufinyelela olayini olude kakhulu, igubha umgodi ngezinsimbi futhi ibeke amaqanda amaningi kuyo. Ngemuva kwamaviki acishe abe ngu-7- 7, izingane ziyazalwa bese zigijimela emanzini. Kodwa-ke, abaningi babo bafa lapho, befikelwa yizinyoni zasolwandle ezihlaselayo.
Ama-Stingrays - Amadivayisi Olwandle
Izihlobo ezisondelene zabasakazi - imisebe, yehlukile kunale eyokugcina, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngamaphini we-pectoral andisiwe, imiphetho yawo ehlangana nezinhlangothi zomzimba nekhanda futhi imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi ngamaphiko. Imisebe enkulu kunazo zonke yidemon enkulu yasolwandle, noma i-manta ray. Izinga 'lamaphiko' wengubo enkulu lingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6, futhi isisindo sifinyelela kumathani ayi-1,6.
AmaMantas adume ngokuxhuma kwawo okubabazekayo, alandelwa ukuhogela ngokushaywa umzimba kusuka ekuthinteni komzimba omkhulu emanzini. Azidli inyamazane enkulu kakhulu, ebingacatshangelwa ngokwesayizi yazo, futhi ngosizo lwezimpondo ezinjengamakhanda ekhanda ziqondisa izilwane ezincane emlonyeni.
Amatilosi akholelwe ukuthi i-manty ngokubukeka kwayo okubi kubonakalise okubi. Lezi zinhlanzi zibizwa nangokuthi ama-stingrays namademoni olwandle. Ama-Octopus abizwa nangamademoni olwandle, okungewona awenhlanzi, kodwa angamalungu e-mollusk oda.
Ama-Horror Shark
Oshaka babhekwa njengezakhamizi zasolwandle ezesabekayo kunazo zonke. Imvelaphi yabo yasendulo ikhonjiswa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Isikali esikhethekile,
- ukuntuleka kokumboza kwama-gill nezicubu zamathambo.
Ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esilula, oshaka babhekwa njengemishini yokuphamba efanelekile. Bahlala eMhlabeni iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziningi, bazivumelanisa nezimo ukuze babekhona ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ngenxa yokufunda lapho bancintisana nezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlanzi.
Isimanga salezi zinto eziphilayo ukungabikho kokuphonswa kwe-caviar. Babekela amaqanda ku-cornea, ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-viviparous. Abasakazi abakhulu kunabo bonke baziwa yi-whale (20 m) ne-giant (15 m). Bondla ikakhulu ngeplankton.
Imikhomo - izakhamizi ezinkulu zomhlaba
Amaqiniso omlando athi amadlozi wowahaha ekuqaleni ayehamba emhlabathini ngemilenze emine. Cishe izigidi ezingama-50 ezedlule, baba abahlali bamanzi anosawoti ajulile, baphenduka imidondoshiya yangempela. Isibonelo, ubude bemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bufika ku-26 m ngesisindo somzimba samathani angaphezu kwekhulu.
Isimanga salezi zidalwa ukuthi zihamba kwikholamu yamanzi ngosizo lomsila, lapho kukhona amabhloka anamandla. Uma izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zihambisa umsila zisuka kwesobunxele ziye emuva ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, imikhomo iyizulaza phezulu naphansi.
Izilwane ziyehluka esikhundleni sezikhala zamaphinifa e-pectoral ngaphambili ezinhlangothini zombili. Phambilini, le mizimba ibayisiza ekuhambeni emhlabeni. Njengamanje banikela ku:
- braking kanye nokuqondisa
- xosha ukuhlaselwa ngonya.
Amaphiko we-pectoral awakulungele ukubhukuda. Uhlelo lokuphefumula lutholakala esiqongweni sekhanda. Amaphefumulo avulekile ukubamba umoya lapho umkhomo usemanzini. Amalambu makhulu ngosayizi, ahlinzeka ngamathuba okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho edonsa amamitha angama-500 noma ngaphezulu (imikhomo yesidoda yehla ibanga eli-1 km).
Lapho ulungiselela umbiko ngesihloko esithi "Izakhamizi zasolwandle", kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amawundlu omnwebe anamathiselwe kunina lapho ezalwa. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, bazijwayela ngokuphila okuzimele. Ithole elisanda kuqhamuka kufanele libonane ngokushesha futhi liphefumule umoya, lapho lisizwa ngumama elisanda kwenziwa. Ukujwayeza kuhlinzekwa ngemisindo ekhethekile engabanjwa yindlebe yomuntu. Ingqondo yomkhomo ithatha imisindo ekhonjiswa yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi inquma ibanga eliqondile ukusuka kubo.
Imikhomo idla kuma crustaceans amancane nezinhlanzi. Bevula umlomo, bahlunga isisindo samanzi amadevu. Kamuva, cishe i-450 kg yokudla ibambezeleka nsuku zonke.
Imigwaqo emangazayo
Ama-stingrays izinhlanzi ezi-gililinin gill-. Isici sazo singabizwa ngokuthi ngama-pectoral fins, afakwa ngamakhanda, akha umzimba osicaba. Ama-stingrays atholakala olwandle kanye nemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile. Umbala (okhanyayo noma omnyama) kuya ngendawo.
Ama-Stingrays atholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, kufaka phakathi i-Antarctica kanye nolwandle i-Arctic. Kepha imvamisa abantu bahlangana nabo ogwini lwase-Australia, lapho behlangana khona lapho behlangana phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali. Ama-stingray izihlobo zabashaka, ngoba imizimba yabo ayihlanganisi ithambo, kepha i-cartilage.
Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwalabahlali bezilwandle nolwandle lwalungumphumela wendlela ehlukile yokuphila. Ngokungafani nezinhlanzi, lapho zimbozwe ekujuleni, zingcolisa izitho zangaphakathi ezibucayi ngesihlabathi nosilika. Ama-stingrays athola umoya-mpilo esebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza esisemuva futhi embozwe nge-valve ekhethekile yokuvikela. Lapho izinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe zingena kuzo, isidalwa sikhipha umsinga wamanzi, sisuse izinsalela zezitshalo nesihlabathi.
I-Pfish prefish
I-Swordfish noma i-bowfish ukuphela kommeleli we-handfish, uyingxenye yeqembu elinjenge-perch-like. Ubude babantu abakhulu bufika ku-4.5 m futhi bunesisindo esingama-500 kg. Isici ukuba khona kwenqubo ye-xiphoid, ethatha indawo yomhlathi ophezulu. Ijografish ye -firefish imelelwa ngamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo, ngokwengxenye itholakala olwandle lwe-Azov naseLwandle Olumnyama. Inhlanzi iyathengiswa, ingafinyelela isivinini esingaphezu kuka-100 km / h.
I-Swordfish ingenye yokubhukuda okusheshayo phakathi kwabamele ulwandle olujulile. Ijubane elikhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba. Ngenxa yenkemba, ukuhudula kuncishiswa kakhulu, kubalulekile lapho uhamba endaweni yasemanzini. Lapho silungiselela indatshana yezilwane zasemanzini ku-biology, kungakuhle ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i -wordfish enomzimba omise ngokufushane owenziwe ngomfula ayinazikali. Amagilethi enza injini yenjini. Ukugeleza kwamanzi njalo kudlula kubo, ijubane layo lilawulwa yi-gill slit enwetshiwe noma emincane.
Lapho silungiselela lo mbiko ngempilo yasolwandle, kungakuhle ukuthi usho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile le -firefish liphakeme ngama-15 degrees kunamanzi olwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi owandayo wezinhlanzi, ngenxa yokuthi isivinini esikhulu sithuthuka ngesikhathi sokuphunyuka ezitheni noma ekuzingeleni. Indlela yomdlwenguli esifundeni esisogwini iyabonakala lapho uphonsa amaqanda. Ungumuntu onesizungu futhi akakaze angene emhlambini, uvame ukuphuma ezinqwabeni zezinhlanzi ezincane.
Isiponji
Izipanji ziyizidalwa ezilula zomhlaba wonke ezihlala, njengomthetho, olwandle nasolwandle, kusuka ekujuleni okukhulu kuya ogwini. Lezi zilwane zasolwandle zinamathela phansi noma ngaphansi kwamadwala angaphansi kwamanzi. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-5 zesiponji. Iningi lazo ziyizidalwa ezithanda ukushisa, kepha kukhona lezo ezazikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esibuhlungu se-Antarctic ne-Arctic.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeziponji zasolwandle: ezinye zinesimo esiyindilinga (isiponji sasolwandle se-olintshi), ezinye zifana nengilazi ngesimo, kanti ezinye ziyizidumbu. Hhayi kuphela ukwakheka kwesiponji kuhlukile, kodwa nombala wazo, zingaba bomvu, ziphuzi, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owolintshi, luhlaza okokufana nokunye.
Ezinye zezipanji zasolwandle beziphilele iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.
Umzimba walezi zidalwa awulingani, ugwazwe ngenqwaba yezimbobo, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuklebhula. Amanzi ageleza ngama-pores wesiponji, aletha ukudla nomoya-mpilo nawo. Lezi zilwane zidla izilwane ezincane ze-planktonic.
Yize izindebe zingeyona into abakwazi ukubhukuda, azikwazi ngisho nokushukuma, zisenemiqondo emihle kakhulu. Lezi zidalwa azinazo izitha eziningi, ngoba i-skeleton yazo yakhiwa isuka enanini elikhulu lezinaliti, okuyithuluzi layo lokuvikela. Uma lesi silwane esingaziwa sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi, ngisho nangamaseli, ziyoxhuma ndawonye, nesiponji sizophila. Ekuqhubekeni kokuhlolwa, izindebe zombili zahlukaniswa zaba izingxenye, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingxenye ngayinye yaxhunyaniswa neyayo, futhi futhi izindebe zonke zavela.
Kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziningana zeziponji zasolwandle.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zidalwa ezingaphansi kwamanzi sehlukile. Izipanji zamanzi ahlanzekile azihlali isikhathi eside - izinyanga ezimbalwa, ezinye ziphila cishe iminyaka emi-2, kepha kunabesilisa abasebenza iminyaka eminingi zasolwandle abaphila iminyaka engama-50.
I-octopus enhle
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-octopus ukushoda komthambo oqinile, umzimba womuntu ongaphansi kwamanzi ugoba ngezindlela ezihlukile. Igama lalezi zinhlobo lakhiwa ngesakhiwo somzimba waso, kusuka kuso izihlwathi eziyisishiyagalombili. Zinezinkomishi zokugaya ezihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Ngosizo lwabo, umhlali ongaphansi kwamanzi unamathela ematsheni futhi ubamba inyamazane.
Ama-Octopus ahlala ezansi emifantwini nase emihumeni efihlwe yi-whirlpool. Uma kunesidingo futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, bayakwazi ukuguqula umbala, ukuhlangana nomhlabathi. Imihlathi emibi kuphela ebukeka njengomlomo onzima. Ama-Octopus ayizisulu ezisebenzayo futhi zibamba inyamazane ebusuku. Abagcini nje ngokubhukuda, kodwa futhi baqhubekela phansi.
Isisulu se-Octopus ama-lobster, i-shrimp, inhlanzi kanye nemifantu. Ibashaya ngobuthi obukhiqizwa yizindlala zamathe. Uqhwaku lwayo olusebenzayo luqinile kangangokuba libhekana kalula namagobolondo e-mollusk namagobolondo e-arthropod. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-octopus ahudulela inyamazane endaweni yokukhosela ejulile futhi adle kuyo. Abanye abantu banobuthi kangangokuthi bangatheleleka umuntu ekufeni.
Amakhorali
Ama-coral noma ama-coral polyps ayizilwane zasolwandle ezingenazintambo zohlobo lwamathumbu. I-polyp ngokwayo incane futhi ifana ngesimo okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu enama-tentpentern. Polyp ngalinye has skeleton calcareous esibizwa corallite. Lapho i-polyp ifa, kuvela izingongolo ezivela kuma-corallites, bese ama-polyps amasha ahlala kuzo. Yindlela izizukulwane ezishintsha ngayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanga ziyakhula.
Ama-corals akha indawo engenakulibaleka olwandle.
Izixhobo zamakhorali zihle kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izingadi zangaphansi kwamanzi zivela kuzo. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zamakhorali:
- I-limestone noma amatshe amatshe ahlala kumakholoni futhi lapho kwakhiwa khona amakhorali,
- Ama-corals ezimpondo, abizwa ngama-gorgonia, atholakala kusuka e-ikhwetha kuya ezifundeni ezixekile,
- Amakhorali athambile.
Iningi lamakhorali ligxile emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaconsi ngaphansi kuka-20 degrees. Kungakho kungekho zixhobo zamakhorali oLwandle Olumnyama.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba izinkulungwane ezingama-500 zamakhorali.
Namuhla, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-500 zama-coral polyps ahlukanisiwe, lapho kutholakala khona amadwala. Iningi litholakala emanzini angajulile, kodwa u-16% wesisindo sonke sihlala ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-1000.
Yize izixhobo zamakhorali zinamandla kakhulu, ama-polyp ngokwawo ayizidalwa ezibuthakathaka nezintekenteke. Ama-corals akhula ngendlela yezihlahla noma izihlahla. Zingaba ngemibala ehlukahlukene: obomvu, ophuzi, onsomi neminye imibala. Ekuphakameni, afinyelela cishe amamitha ayi-2, futhi ububanzi - afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5.
Ama-coral polyps ahlala emanzini anosawoti acacile. Ngakho-ke, abahlali eduze neziyingi ezitholakala lapho kunamanzi amasha nodaka. Futhi, ukukhanya kwelanga kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yama-polyps. Into ekhona ukuthi ezicutshini zama-polyps kukhona ama-microscopic algae, ngosizo lawo ama-coral polyps aphefumulayo.
Ama-corals anjengezitshalo. kodwa eqinisweni bayizilwane.
Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle zidla nge-plankton encane, enamathela ematendeni abo. Lapho inyamazane ibanjiwe, i-polyp iyidonsela emlonyeni idle.
Uma phansi kolwandle lukhuphuka maqondana nezehlakalo zemvelo ezenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba, lapho-ke insimbi yamakhorali ikhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi nesiqhingi. Kancane kancane, kuvela izitshalo nezilwane kuso. Abantu futhi bahlala kulezi ziqhingi ezinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, eziqhingini zolwandle.
I-Starfish kanye nama-hedgehogs
I-Starfish yizilwane eziyinqaba ezinesimo somzimba esiyingqayizivele, ingaphezulu lazo limbozwe ngama-spikes aqinile noma ama-warts. Izinqubo ezi-radial ezinhlanu zemisebe ziqhamuka engxenyeni esemaphakathi yomzimba. I-Starfish iyamaselula, ahamba kalula ogwini ngosizo lwemilenze emincane.
Ucwaningo oluningilizayo ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu emithini yezilwane libonisa amathambo anwele asebenza kumgomo we-forcep noma isikere. Ngalezi zinqubo, i-starfish iyazihlanza izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ukudla okuyinhloko kumelelwa ama-mollusks.
Ama-urchins olwandle angenasiphephelo nangaphephile anenaliti ezibukhali eziphakeme eziboshwe emzimbeni. Umuntu owela lesi sidalwa sasolwandle uzibeka engcupheni. Imiphetho ebukhali inqunywe kwezicubu ezithambile futhi ivuse ukuqina okukhulu. Izinaliti zoshevu zingamathuluzi okuvikela aqondiswe ezitheni (i-starfish).
IHedgehog ibhekwa njengezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinqubo ezincane zibukeka njengamancela. Ziyadingeka for:
- ukusuka endaweni ethile kuya kwenye,
- ngokukhasa emaweni
- okunamathiselwe kwenhlabathi, amatshe.
Noma iyiphi i-hedgehog ehlala ekujuleni kolwandle, inamathela ngokuqinile ebusweni. Ngakho-ke ufinyelela ukuqina okudingekayo.
Clams amancane
Phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ama-mollusks asebenzisa i-niche enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi: kancane kancane kukhasa, kuhamba ngokweqile, futhi cishe akuhambi. Ingane esendabeni yayo yekilasi ingasho imininingwane yokuthi zonke izidalwa ezinjalo zinogobolondo ezivikelayo emhlane wazo. Zibuye zibe namaphilisi namaphaphu ezikwazi ukuphefumula ngazo emhlabeni nasemanzini.
Umzimba othambile we-mollusk utholakala egobolondweni, unekhanda nomlenze owodwa. Zidinga imilenze yokuzifihla phansi kwesihlabathi echibini, zihamba futhi zinamathele emabhulokeni amatshe. Ngaphansi kwesiinki kukhona ingubo efana nesibaya sendwangu eminyene. Lapho ubhala umyalezo ngempilo yasolwandle, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngaphandle kongqimba lwe-keratinized, umzimba we-mollusk ungahlaselwa kalula ukulimala.
Embikweni ngempilo yasolwandle, umfundi angadweba itafula nencazelo yokuqhathanisa yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane nezinhlanzi. Angabheka amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngesihloko kwizisetshenziswa ze-Intanethi njengeWikipedia. Imininingwane ingalandwa mahhala ngqo kusayithi.
Izakhamuzi ezi-10 ezinhle kakhulu zolwandle nolwandle
- IJellyfish Atoll yinhle kakhulu ye-jellyfish.
- Ingelosi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - Umbala obucayi.
- Ihabhu lesipanji liyindlela emangalisayo.
- I-Octopus Dumbo - ukubukeka okuhle.
- I-sea slug - ubuhle bezimo nemibala.
- I-Deciduous sea udrako - amaphiko weplamu.
- I-Ribbon moray eel ingumhlali wasemanzini olwandle oluhle.
- Izinhlanzi zaseMandarin - imibala egqamile.
- Inhlanzi eyikhadinali yeBanggai iyindlela engajwayelekile.
- Turtle olwandle oluhlaza - izithombe ezimangalisayo.
UJellyfish Atoll - ubuhle obujulile
IJellyfish Atoll isidalwa esihle kakhulu. Zonke izidalwa zalolu hlobo zibukeka zizinhle, kepha i-Atoll ibhekwa njengeyinhle kakhulu. I-Jellyfish inesakhiwo esakhiwe njengensimbi noma isambulela. Imizimba yabo iqukethe izicubu ezinamanzi ezinamanzi ezinamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abukeka njengesigqoko sentokazi enhle noma isibani sasebusuku esingajwayelekile.
Ijellyfish ihamba ngokunciphisa izindonga zesikhala. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba wonke ugudla kahle, okuvela ohlangothini ubukeka muhle kakhulu. IJellyfish Atoll ingesinye sezakhamuzi ezithandeka kakhulu olwandle lwesizukulwane se-medusoid. Umzimba wakhe une-tint ebomvu ecebile. Umzimba unikezwe amandla okukhipha ukukhanya kwe-bioluminescent. Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka emzimbeni kweprotheni ekhethekile - i-luciferin. Isidalwa esikhanyayo esinjenge-sphere esikhanyayo sibukeka simangalisa ekujuleni kolwandle olwandle. Ingafaniswa negugu esimweni esihle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ungavuma lo mbukwane kuvidiyo noma esithombeni. UJellyfish Atoll uhlala ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-5,000, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyibona iphila.
I-Clam Blue Angel - i-clam enhle kakhulu
Isidalwa esingaphansi kwamanzi sobuhle obumangalisayo isilozi esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Blue Angel. Uphila ngokugcwele kufinyelela isibongo sakhe esimangalisayo. Ngokubukeka, ibukeka njengenyoni yepharadesi enamapayipi angajwayelekile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithunzi kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu. Ukumbheka nje kwanele ukumangala ukuthi imvelo enethalente ingaba kanjani.
I-Angelfish yizinhlobo zama-gastropods ahlala olwandle olubandayo lweNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Isiqu sazo sinesimo esidlulileko, emaphethelweni lapho kunezinqubo ezondile ze-lamellar - parapodia. Banikeza i-mollusk lokhu kubukeka kwangempela. IParapodia yakhiwa ngendlela yezinkanyezi ezinemisebe engajwayelekile, ezinye zazo ezimfushane kunezinye. Ngaphakathi kuzo kukhona izicubu ezenza ukunyakaza okugoqekayo. Ngosizo lwabo, izingelosi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziya phambili ngaphesheya kolwandle. Ukubukeka okuhle kwesakhamuzi sasolwandle kwasizakala kakhulu kuye embonini yezokudlala. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, ezinye izinhlamvu zama-anime zaseJapan (Pokémon) ezidumile zadalwa. Futhi yinto ejwayelekile yokukhiqizwa kwezikhumbuzo, izesekeli.
I-sea slug - ukubukeka okuhle
Naphezu kwegama layo elingathandeki, lesi sakhamuzi sezilwandle nolwandle sibukeka kahle kakhulu. Izithombe zabo zimnandi nje. Igama lesiLatini lolu hlobo lwe-elysia chlorotica. Zihlobene nama-gastropods noma iminenke. Lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis ngaphakathi kwazo (njengezitshalo). Kule nqubo, kudingeka amaseli akhethekile - ama-chloroplasts. Ama-slugs asolwandle abanawo, ngakho-ke bayaphoqelelwa ukuba bazithathe e-algae abondla ngalo. Ngenxa yokudla i-algae, umzimba we-mollusks upendiwe emthunzini omangalisayo we-emerald. Kwesinye isikhathi umbala uyashintsha ngenxa yezinguquko ekuqoqweni kwe-chlorophyll. Ngakho-ke, ama-slugs olwandle angaba bomvu, ansundu, amathunzi ansundu-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umuntu ubukeka emuhle, omzimba wakhe umbozwe ngamachashazi aphambili nesizinda sombala oyinhloko. Ijazi linikeza ubumnandi besilwane. Lokhu kuyipharodiyo elungisiwe ezungeze umzimba wesibabule phakathi kwalo lonke ubude. Imisipha ingakwazi ukugoqa, igobe imiphetho ngamaflethini, abukeka emuhle ngokungajwayelekile. Lapho-ke imollusk ifana negobolondo elihle elintanta ekujuleni kwamanzi. Indawo yokuhlala yama-slugs olwandle ingamanzi oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic ogwini lweCanada, e-USA. Isici esijabulisayo sama-mollus inqubo inqubo yokuzizalela. Isidalwa ngasinye sikhiqiza isidoda namaqanda. Ngemuva kokukhula kwabo, baxutshwa kanye ngemichilo emide. Lapho-ke imollusk iyafa ngokwemvelo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukufa okuhleliwe.
I-Deciduous sea dragon - ificha enhle kunazo zonke
Udrako wolwandle onqobayo uyisidalwa esimnandi futhi esimangalisayo ngokungajwayelekile. Kubukeka sengathi unamapheshana amaningi anamathele ku-torso yakhe. Lapho ebhukuda, amaqabunga ayajuluka, njengoba kwenzeka ezihlahleni zomoya. Elinye igama lakhe yizinhlanga, okubonisa kahle ubuciko bokubukeka kwakhe. I-ridge luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray zomndeni wenalithi. Lezi zinhlanzi ezithandekayo zihlala emanzini afudumele oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya, ngasogwini lwaseTasmania, e-Australia. Zitholakala eduzane nezixhobo zamakhorali, emanzini angajulile.
Ohlala olwandle ufinyelela ku-35 cm ubude. Ngokwesakhiwo, kubukeka njenge-seahorse ejwayelekile, umzimba wayo ugobile ngendlela ethile yale hlobo, ebonakalayo ebonakalayo esithombeni. Umehluko ukuthi umzimba wakhe wonke uhlanganiswa namapuleti anemiphetho ye-wavy. Amaqabunga asebenza njengesifihlakalo ukucasha kwabazingeli. Banikeza izinhlanzi ukuthi zifane ne-algae. I-rag ihamba kancane, ejwayelekile kwiziketi. Uhamba ngokushelela kumaza, egcina ibhalansi yakhe ngosizo lwamawele. Lolu hlobo lwasolwandle lusengozini. Lokhu kungenxa yokungakwazi kwakhe ukuzitholela olwandle ngesikhathi sezidubedube zasolwandle (njengoba kwenza ezinye iziketi). Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwesivunguvungu, amagwala amaningi ayafa.
Izinhlanzi zeTangerine - ukubukeka okungajwayelekile
I-Tangerine fish uhlobo lwenhlanzi oluyisidalwa esidonsela ukunaka ngombala wazo ogqamile. Kuvame ukufakelwa inhloso yokuhlobisa, njengoba kuzoba ngumhlobiso we-aquarium yonke. Idada le-mandarin lingelomndeni wamaqembu we-lyre perch-like. Indawo yayo yemvelo iyingxenye esentshonalanga yoLwandle iPacific. Izinhlanzi zeTangerine ziyabonakala ogwini:
- Philippines
- Indonesia
- E-Australia
Amadada aseMandarin ahlala olwandle eduze nezibaya, ahlala ezondweni ezivikelekile emoyeni nakumaza. Endle, ungabona izinhlanzi, kepha ukuzibuka kunzima impela. Lezi zakhamizi ezinhle zolwandle lwaseningizimu zincanyana (kufinyelela ku-6 cm), ngakho-ke phansi akukho lula ukuzibona. Ungabazisa esithombeni noma ku-aquarium. Izinhlanzi zaseMandarin zondla nge-plankton, ama-crustaceans amancane. Lesi simangaliso sendalo sibizwa nangokuthi yizinhlanzi ze-psychedelic ngenxa yephethini elithandayo elisetshenziswa esiqwini, umsila kanye namaphini. UMandarin wabizwa ngaye hhayi ngombala wezithelo, kodwa ngenxa yokufana nezingubo ze-motley zababusi baseChinese - ama-mandarins.
I-Bangai Cardinal Fish - Ubuhle Obuncane
Enye yezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu ezihlala emanzini angajulile olwandle inhlanzi yeBangai Cardinal. Itholakala kuphela ogwini lwe-Bangai Islands (Indonesia).
Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle zithanda amachibi athule afihlwe ezigodini zamakhorali. Zi-thermophilic kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lamanzi eduze nasogwini lweBangai lingaba ngama-30 degrees. Amakhadinali angumbono othandwayo phakathi kwabasolwandle ababathandayo ngemibala yabo engafaniyo namaphiko.
I-Ribbon moray eel - ukudalwa okukhanyayo kwasolwandle kokujula kolwandle
I-Ribbon moray eel ingeyenhlanzi etholakala olwandle nasolwandle. Kungokweqembu elifana ne-eel. Ngaphandle, inhlanzi ifana neribhoni ende edwetshwe ngemibala eblue, egqamile.
Lapho ihamba, iyagoba, yakha inyoka. Kubukeka muhle kakhulu, bukhoma futhi kusithombe. Isici salokhu okuhlala olwandle ukuguquka kombala okungaguquki. Izinhlanzi ezincane zine-tint emnyama, bese ishintsha ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luhlaza okotshani, ophuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingaba nezithunzi eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Green Sea Turtle - izithombe ezinhle kakhulu
Ufudu lwasolwandle oluhlaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhle kunazo zonke zohlobo lwazo. Izihlangu zeCarapace zidwetshwe emerald, olive, green green hues. Imibala ingabukwa ngokuningiliziwe esithombeni. Kukhona nezindawo ezinsundu, ziphuzi, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezihlangana ngokuhambisana nombala oyinhloko.
Ingxenye engehla yegobolondo ipendiwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfudu eziluhlaza zinamehlo amahle anjenge-almond. Lezi zakhamizi zolwandle nezilwandle zihlala zodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana nemikhawulo yazo emincane. Umhlambi wezingulube eziluhlaza, ubhukuda ekujuleni kolwandle, ungumbono omangalisayo.
I-Octopus Dumbo - i-octopus enhle kakhulu
I-Octopus Dambo (grimpotevtis) ingumuntu wasolwandle olujulile olwandle. Sitholakala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayi-5000. Kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-100 phezulu. Esithombeni ubukeka emuhle kakhulu ukuthi abukeka njengethoyizi elihle.
Lesi isidalwa esenziwe ngesikhumba esithambile esinezikhumba ezinamnyama namaphiko afana nezindlebe. Ijazi lakhe lakha amafolda abilayo, athambisa umzimba. Ngeshwa, ungasithanda isithombeni kuphela, njengoba ukujula kolwandle kungamamitha ayi-100 ngaphezu kokutholwa ngababhukudi abajwayelekile.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle
Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-125 zezilwane ezincelisayo - izakhamizi zolwandle. Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:
- Ama-Walruse, ama-fur seals no-seals (iqembu eliphiniwe).
- Amahlengethwa kanye nemikhomo (iqembu le-cetacean).
- Ama-Manatees nama-dugongs (ukuthathwa kwama-herbivores).
- Ama-sea otter (noma ama-otter).
Iqembu lokuqala ngelinye likhulu (abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600). Zonke zingabadli futhi zidla izinhlanzi. Ama-Walrus ayizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu. Abanye abantu bafinyelela isisindo samathani ayi-1.5 futhi bakhula babe ngamamitha angama-4. Ukuqina nokuguquguquka kwama-walrus kuyamangaza ngosayizi onjalo, ahamba kalula emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile, i-pharynx ingachitha isikhathi eside olwandle futhi ayizukuntywila, noma ngabe ilele. Isikhumba esinsundu esinsundu nge-walrus yobudala siyacwebezela, futhi uma ungabona opinki, noma acishe abe mhlophe, ama-walrus, uyazi - uneminyaka engaba ngu-35 ubudala. Kulabantu, lokhu ukuguga. UWalrus akadideki nge-seal kuphela ngenxa yophawu lwawo lwe-hallmark - tusks. Ukulinganiswa komunye wamatheksthi amakhulu kunabo bonke kukhombisa cishe ubude be-80 cm, nesisindo - cishe ama-5 kg. Amaphini angaphambili e-walrus aphela ngeminwe yawo - emihlanu pawil ngayinye.
Izimpawu zasendlini zihlala e-Arctic nase-Antarctic, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu (kufika ku-80 ° C). Iningi lazo alinawo ama-auricles angaphandle, kepha alizwa kahle. Uboya be-seal bufushane kepha bukhulu, obusiza isilwane ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izimpawu emhlabeni zibonakala ziqinile futhi zingenakuzivikela. Zishukunyiswa ngosizo lwembabazane nesisu, imilenze yazoangemuva ayikhuliswanga kahle. Kodwa-ke, zihamba ngamandla emanzini futhi zibhukuda ngokweqile.
Ama-Fur seal ayiminyene kakhulu. Ngosuku abadla ngalo izinhlanzi ezi-4 - 5 kg. Ingwe yolwandle - okuyi-subspecies yezimpawu zasendlini - ingabamba futhi idle ezinye izimpawu ezincane noma amaphinifa. Ukubukeka kujwayelekile kuma-pinnipeds amaningi. Izimpawu zomshini ezincanyana zincane kakhulu kunamalungu akubo, ngakho-ke ziyahamba zinqamule ngawo wonke amalunga omane. Amehlo alezi zakhamuzi zasolwandle muhle, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi awaboni kahle - i-myopia.
Amahlengethwa kanye nemikhomo bayizihlobo phakathi kwabo. Amahlengethwa angenye yezidalwa ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni. Izici zabo ezihlukile:
- Ukungabikho kwezindlebe, impumulo, amehlo amancane futhi ngasikhathi sinye i-ecolocation eyingqayizivele evumela ukuthi wena unqume ngokunembile indawo yezinto ezisemanzini.
- Umzimba onqunu olungiselelwe, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zoboya noma izikali, ingaphezulu kwalokho kuvuselelwa njalo.
- Izwi nesiqalo senkulumo, okuvumela amahlengethwa ukuthi bakhulumisane bonke epakethe.
Imikhomo imidondoshiya wezilwane ezincelisayo. Zidla nge-plankton noma inhlanzi encane, ziphefumula ngosizo lomgodi okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi "i -phefumher". Ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, umthombo womoya oswakeme osuka emaphashini udlula kuwo. Imikhomo ihamba emanzini ngosizo lwamaphiko, ubukhulu bawo buhluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Umkhomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zaphila Emhlabeni.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zezinhlanzi zolwandle
Iqembu lesibili ngobukhulu labahlali basolwandle lifaka lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-Cod (i-blue whiting, cod, saffron cod, hake, pollock, pollock nabanye).
- Mackerel (mackerel, tuna, mackerel kanye nezinye izinhlanzi).
- I-Flounder (i-flounder, halibut, dexist, embassicht, njll).
- I-Hering (i-Atlantic menhaden, i-Atlantic herring, i-Baltic herring, i-Pacific herring, i-sardine yaseYurophu, i-sprat yaseYurophu).
- ISargan-like (isargan, medaka, i-saury, njll).
- Oshaka basolwandle.
Uhlobo lokuqala luhlala olwandle loLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic, izimo ezintofontofo kuzo yi-0 ˚ С. Umehluko walo omkhulu ongaphandle amadevu ku-chin. Zihlala ikakhulu ezansi, zidla e-plankton, kepha izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla inyama nazo zitholakala. I-Cod ingummeleli eminingi yalokhu okubhalwe phansi. Ifuya ngamanani amakhulu - amaqanda acishe abe yizigidi eziyi-9 ngokuqhuma okukodwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso, ngoba inyama nesibindi kunokuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi. I-Pollock yisibindi eside emndenini we-cod (uhlala iminyaka eyi-16 - 20). Ihlala emanzini abandayo, inhlanzi ezingena olwandle olujulile. Pollock ubanjwa kabanzi.
IMackerel ayiholeli indlela yokuphila ephansi. Inyama yabo ibaluleke kakhulu ngenani layo eliphezulu lokudla, okuqukethwe okunamafutha nenani elikhulu lamavithamini.
E-flatfish amehlo abekwe ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda: kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele. Zinezimbotshana ezinomzimba ofanayo kanye nomzimba owenziwe isicaba.
Ukudoba izinhlanzi kuyiphayona phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo. Izici ezihlukanisayo - awekho noma amazinyo amancane kakhulu, futhi cishe wonke awanazikali.
Inhlanzi enjenge-Sargan enesimo eside futhi enemihlathi emide, kwesinye isikhathi.
Shark - esinye sezilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ushaka whale kuphela okuyiwo odla ku-plankton. Amakhono ayingqayizivele oshaka umuzwa wabo wokuhogela nokuzwa. Zikwazi ukuhogela ngamakhulu amakhilomitha, futhi indlebe engaphakathi ingathatha ama-ultrasound. Isikhali esinamandla sikaShark singamazinyo abukhali, okuthi lapho siklebhule umzimba wesisulu sibe izicucu. Eminye yemibono eyiphutha eyiphutha ngumbono wokuthi bonke oshaka bayingozi kubantu. Izinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela eziyingozi kubantu - inkunzi eshaka, emhlophe, ihlosi, ezinamaphiko amade.
Ama-Moray eels ayizidlamlilo zasolwandle ezivela emndenini we-eel, omzimba wawo umbozwe ngembovu enobuthi. Ngaphandle kakhulu kufana nezinyoka. Empeleni aziboni, zithambekele esikhaleni ngephunga.
I-Algae nePlankton
Lolu uhlobo lokuphila oluningi kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-plankton:
- I-Phytoplankton. Iyondla nge-photosynthesis. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi ziyizihlahla zasendle.
- I-Zooplankton (izilwane ezincane nezinqolobane zezinhlanzi). Idla phytoplankton.
IPlankton ifaka ama-algae, amagciwane, i-protozoa, izibungu ze-crustacean, ne-jellyfish.
I-Jellyfish ingesinye sezidalwa ezindala Emhlabeni. Ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zazo ngqo akukaziwa. Omunye wabameleli abakhulu yi-jellyfish “I-Lion's Mane” (amatende angama-30 m ubude). I- “Australia wasp” iyingozi kakhulu. Ubukhulu obuncane bunesimo se-jellyfish esobala - cishe ama-2,5 cm. Lapho i-jellyfish ifa, khona-ke amakhemikhali ayo angabulala ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izilwane zasolwandle ezijulile
Izakhamizi zasolwandle ziningi kakhulu, kepha osayizi bazo bancane kakhulu. Lokhu, ngokuyisisekelo, izidalwa ezingezona zezinhlobo ezilula, i-gastrointestinal, izibungu, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Kodwa-ke, emanzini ajulile kukhona zombili izinhlanzi kanye ne-jellyfish, ezinamandla okukhazimula. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi ngaphansi kwekholomu yamanzi akubona ubumnyama ngokuphelele. Izinhlanzi ezihlala lapho ziyisidleke, zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukukhanga inyamazane. Enye yezinto ezingajwayelekile futhi ezesabekayo, lapho uqala ukuzibona, i-howliode.Le yinhlanzi emnyama encane enamadevu amade ezindebeni eziphansi, ngosizo lwayo ehamba, namazinyo amade amabi.
Izimbali zolwandle nolwandle
Izitshalo zasemanzini ziqukethe i-chlorophyll, ingulube eluhlaza. Ngalo, amandla elanga ayanqwabelana. Amanzi ahlukaniswe i-oksijini ne-hydrogen, bese i-hydrogen ingena ekuthakatheni kwamakhemikhali nge-carbon dioxide kusuka endaweni ephakathi nendawo enemanzini. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukwakhiwa kwesitashi, ushukela namaprotheni.
Ekujuleni okungajulile, kutholakala izimbali ezinothile. Izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile kulezi "zimfunda zasolwandle" futhi zithola indlela yazo yokuphila.
Enye yezimbali ezivame kakhulu i-kelp, ubude bazo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha. Kuvela kulesi sitshalo lapho kutholakala i-iodine, futhi futhi kusetshenziswa njengomanyolo emasimini.
Izikebhe zasolwandle seziyikhaya lezidalwa eziningi zasolwandle
Enye yezakhamizi eziqhakaza olwandle nezilwandle (ikakhulukazi izindawo eziseningizimu) yizinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhorali. Kepha ungazihlanganisi nezitshalo, lezi yizilwane zangempela. Zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezinamathela ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Ama-corals ayamangaza umcabango wethu ngobuhle bezimbali nobume.
Izitshalo zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke izitshalo zitholakala okungenani amamitha ayi-200 ekujuleni. Ngezansi kuphila kuphela abakhileyo olwandle nasolwandle abangakudingi ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izidalwa zasolwandle
Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi akekho umuntu ohlala ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayisithupha ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu ekhishwe yikholomu yamanzi kwizidalwa eziphilayo. Kepha ososayensi baqhuba izifundo ezijulile olwandle, okuqinisekisile i-hypothesis ukuthi ekujuleni okukhulu kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphila (ama-crustaceans, izibungu, njll.).
Ezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle ezijulile nolwandle ngezikhathi ezithile zikhuphuka zifinyelele kumamitha ayinkulungwane. Ngaphezulu, aziveli, ngoba eduze kobuso, umehluko omkhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi ubonwa.
UGrebnevik uzizwa emuhle ebumnyameni bamanzi olwandle
Izidalwa eziningi ezijulile olwandle ezichitha impilo yazo yonke ziphansi azinawo umbono. Kepha ezinye izingxenye zemizimba yazo zinamakhandlela okhethekile. Ziyadingeka ukusindisa ezilwaneni ezidonsayo nokuheha izisulu ezingaba khona.
Ukubonakala kwe-monkfish akunakwenzeka kunoma ngubani, ngaphandle kwemvelo yomama, kubonakala muhle
Izilwane zasolwandle nezilwandle zizizwa zikhululekile endaweni yazo, eziningi zazo azidingi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zesikhathi sonyaka semvelo.
I-Octopus - ummeleli ohlakaniphe kakhulu we-cephalopods
Iqhaza elikhethekile empilweni yezakhamuzi zasolwandle eziningi lidlalwa yizinto eziphilayo ezingama-unicellular, ezibizwa nge-plankton, ezihanjiswa yilezi zamanje. Zidla izinhlanzi eziningi ezihlala zihamba ngemuva kwazo. Ngokujula okwandayo, inani leplankton lehla kakhulu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi befakazela ukuthi izakhamizi zolwandle nezilwandle zihlala kuzo zonke izingqimba zamanzi. Lezi zilwane nezitshalo kubonakaliswa ukwehlukahlukana kwezinhlobo ezinkulu, kanye nokwakheka okungafani nemibala. Ungavuma unomphela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi, igobolondo, amakhorali kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle zezinhlobo eziyinqaba kakhulu ezibonakala njengabafokazi abavela kwenye iplanethi futhi zibabaza ukuphelela kwendalo.
I-Fizalia noma isikebhe sesiPutukezi asisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi siyabulala
Sengiphetha, ngiletha ukunazisa ngefilimu ebabazekayo engajwayelekile eyenzelwe izakhamuzi ezahlukahlukene zolwandle nolwandle olubizwa ngokuthi “Izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu. Ukujula kolwandle. " Bheka, kuzoba mnandi!
Futhi ngemininingwane eminingi, nabamele abathandekayo bomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, lezi zihloko zizokwethula:
Ezinye izilwane zasolwandle
UBrownie Shark
p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->
UMark Shark
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p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Fox shark
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p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->
IHammerhead shark
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p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->
Usilika oshaka
p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Atlantic herring
p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Bahamian lark shark
p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->
Blue whale
p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 58,0,0,0,0 ->
Bowhead whale
p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->
Grey whale
p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Humpback Whale (Humpback)
p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->
Finwal
p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Sayval (i-Sayyan (Ivassev) umkhomo)
p, blockquote 67,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->
Minke whale
p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0 ->
South whale
p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->
Isidoda whale
p, blockquote 73,1,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->
Isidoda isidoda whale
p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 76,0,0,0,0 ->
Beluga whale
p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 78,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Narwhal (Unicorn)
p, blockquote 79,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->
Umbhukudi wasenyakatho
p, blockquote 81,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 82,0,0,0,0 ->
I-botnose ende
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p, blockquote 84,0,0,0,0 ->
Moray eel
p, blockquote 85,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 86,0,0,0,0 ->
Bottlenose dolphin
p, blockquote 87,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 88,0,0,0,0 ->
Imibala emihle dolphin
p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 90,0,0,0,0 ->
Grinda
p, blockquote 91,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 92,0,0,0,0 ->
Grephin
p, blockquote 93,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 94,0,0,0,0 ->
Killer whale
p, blockquote 95,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 96,0,0,0,0 ->
Killer whale
p, blockquote 97,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 98,0,0,0,0 ->
Amahlengethwa akhokhiswa isikhathi eside
p, blockquote 99,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->
Ama-Big Tooth Dolphins
p, blockquote 101,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 102,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Ross seal
p, blockquote 103,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 104,0,0,0,0 ->
Ingwe yolwandle
p, blockquote 105,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 106,0,0,0,0 ->
Indlovu yasolwandle
p, blockquote 107,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 108,0,0,0,0 ->
I-hare hare
p, blockquote 109,0,0,1,0 ->
p, blockquote 110,0,0,0,0 ->
I-walrus yasePacific
p, blockquote 111,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 112,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Atlantic walrus
p, blockquote 113,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 114,0,0,0,0 ->
Laptev walrus
p, blockquote 115,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 116,0,0,0,0 ->
Ulwandle ibhubesi
p, blockquote 117,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 118,0,0,0,0 ->
Manatee
p, blockquote 119,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 120,0,0,0,0 ->
Ingwane
p, blockquote 121,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 122,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Cuttlefish
p, blockquote 123,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 124,0,0,0,0 ->
Isikwele
p, blockquote 125,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 126,0,0,0,0 ->
Isicabucabu se-spider
p, blockquote 127,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 128,0,0,0,0 ->
Isikhuphashe
p, blockquote 129,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 130,0,0,0,0 ->
I-spiny lobster
p, blockquote 131,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 132,0,0,0,0 ->
Ulwandle Horse
p, blockquote 133,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 134,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Jellyfish
p, blockquote 135,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 136,0,0,0,0 ->
AmaMollus
p, blockquote 137,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 138,0,0,0,0 ->
Ufudu lolwandle
p, blockquote 139,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 140,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Ringed emidocephalus
p, blockquote 141,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 142,0,0,0,0 ->
Dugong
p, blockquote 143,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 144,0,0,0,0 ->
Isiphetho
Izilwane zasolwandle ezivamile ziyizilwane eziphindaphindayo. Yize izidalwa eziningi ezihlala emhlabeni zihlala emhlabeni noma zichitha isikhathi emanzini amnandi, kunezinhlobo eziphilayo ezihlala olwandle. Okudume kunazo zonke yizo izimfudu zasolwandle. Baphila iminyaka eminingi, bakhula bakhulu. Olwandle, izimfudu ezindala azinazitha, zingena shí ekutholeni ukudla noma zigweme ingozi. Izinyoka zasolwandle zinolunye uhlobo lwesidalwa samanzi anosawoti.
p, blockquote 145,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 146,0,0,0,1 ->
Izilwane zasolwandle zingumthombo obalulekile wokudla kubantu. Abantu bathola ukudla olwandle ngawodwana nasemikhunjini emikhulu yolwandle, ukudla kwasolwandle kuyamnandi, kunempilo futhi kushibhile kunenyama yezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele.
Ama-urch wasolwandle, izinkanyezi neminduze
Zonke lezi zidalwa zasolwandle zingabameleli bohlobo lwama-echinoderms, anomehluko wekhadinali ovela ezilwaneni zezinye izinhlobo. Ama-Echinoderms adinga amanzi kasawoti okuphila, ngakho-ke atholakala kuphela olwandle nasolwandle.
I-urchin yasolwandle.
Ama-urch wasolwandle angaba nemisebe emi-5 kuye kwengama-50. Esiqongweni sogongolo ngalunye kukhona iso elincane elibona ukukhanya. Umbala wama-urchins olwandle uqhakazile: obomvu, orenji, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, onsomi kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubungako be-urchins yolwandle bungafinyelela kumitha eli-1, kepha kunezidalwa ezincane ezingadluli ngamamilimitha ambalwa.
I-Starfish ihamba kancane, ngehora eli-1 ayinqoba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.
Izinkanyezi zolwandle.
Yize lezi zidalwa zihamba kancane futhi zingenamazinyo, zingabazingeli. I-Starfish idla izinhlanzi, ama-oysters, izinkalankala nama-urchins olwandle. Lezi zidalwa ezikhazimulayo zidla konke endleleni. Bafinya igobolondo lonke. Uma u-clam mkhulu, khona-ke i-starfish isonga imisebe yayo kuyo futhi iveze amaphiko ayo. Uma lokhu kungaphumeleli, khona-ke inkanyezi ithola indlela yokuphuma - ikwazi ukugaya ukudla okuvela ngaphandle, lesi sidalwa esimangazayo sinegebe elingamamilimitha angama-0,2 kuphela ukusunduza isisu salo kuso. Ama-Starfish aphonsa isisu sawo ngenhlanzi ephilayo, isikhathi esithile izinhlanzi zizobhukuda nenkanyezi bese zigaya kancane.
Iminduze yolwandle iyisidalwa sobuhle obumangazayo.
Ama-urchin asolwandle ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo; angadla iminenke, izinkanyezi, izinhlanzi ezifile, igobolondo, ulwelwe, kanye nabazala bakhe. Ama-urch wasolwandle ahlala emadwaleni e-basalt ne-granite, futhi azenzela wona ngosizo lwemihlathi yawo enamandla.
Ngokubukeka, iminduze yolwandle ifana kakhulu nezimbali. Bahlala ezansi olwandle. Iminduze yolwandle lwabadala ihola indlela yokuphila enganyakazi. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-600 zeminduze yasolwandle ihlala yodwa, iningi lazo alinamizi.
I-Jellyfish
Ama-jellyfish ayizilwane zasolwandle ezihlala kunoma yiluphi ulwandle nolwandle. Njengomthetho, inemizimba ebonakalayo, ngoba u-97% walezi zidalwa wakhiwa ngamanzi.
I-Jellyfish.
Amajezi amancane awafani nabantu abadala. Amaqanda ama-Jellyfish abeka amaqanda, kuwo akhiwa izibungu, okuthi kuzo kukhule i-polyp, efana nesihlahla. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela i-jellyfish ehlathini, lapho kutholakala khona abantu abadala.
Ijellyfish ingaba bobunjwa nemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngobude, zingafinyelela amamamilimitha ambalwa, futhi zikhule zifinyelele kumamitha ayi-2,5. Amatende abo kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela amasentimitha angama-30. Lezi zidalwa zingaphila ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-2000 nangaphezulu kolwandle.
Ama-jellyfish amaningi angadala ukushiswa okukhulu kwesikhumba.
Ama-jellyfish amaningi amahle kakhulu. Kubukeka sengathi lezi zidalwa ezisobala azinabungozi ngokuphelele, kepha ama-jellyfish angabadli abasebenzayo. Ku-jellyfish, kufakwa amakhompiyutha akhethekile emlonyeni nasezintendeni zethempeli, ezikhubazisa isisulu. Phakathi ne-capsule kunomucu omude esimweni esongelwe. Lapho isisulu sisondela, le ntambo enoketshezi onobuthi ilahlwa. Uma i-crustacean ithinta i-jellyfish, inamathela ngaso leso sikhathi kumatende, bese imicu enobuthi ikhala kuwo, oyenza ikhubazeke.
Ubuthi beJellyfish bungathinta abantu ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu baphephe ngokuphelele, kanti abanye baba usongo. Kuyingozi kubantu i-jellyfish krestovichok, engeyona enkulu kunohlamvu lwemali olunamasenti ayi-5 ngosayizi. Ku-ambulensi ephuzi eluhlaza-luhlaza kukhona iphethini ebunjiwe emnyama. Ngenxa yaleli phethini, le jellyfish enobuthi yaba negama layo. Lapho kuthintwa isiphambano esincane, umuntu ushiswa kanzima, emva kwalokho alahlekelwe ukwazi, bese kuba nokuhlasela kokuqala. Uma usizo lunganikezwa ngesikhathi, ohlukunyezwayo uzofa khona lapho.
I-Jellyfish - izidalwa ezibonakala zingenasisindo.
Ukubhukuda kwe-Jellyfish ngenxa yokwehliswa kwesambulela. Ijellyfish yenza izivumelwano ezingaba ngu-140 ngesambulela ngomzuzu, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukubhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu. Isikhathi esiningi lezi zidalwa zichitha ebusweni bamanzi.
Ngo-2002, kwatholakala i-jellyfish enkulu oLwandle lwaseJapan, isambulela sayo esingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3 ngosayizi, futhi yayinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-150. Le jellyfish enkulu kunazo zonke ebhalisiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-jellyfish yalolu hlobo cishe amamitha ayi-1 ubukhulu yaqala ukutholakala ezinkulungwaneni. Ososayensi abaqondi ukuthi kungani le nyoni ye-jellyfish inyuke kangaka ngosayizi, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi bathonywa ukwanda kokushisa kwamanzi.
Omama
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo esikhulu sezilwane ezincelisayo zihlala olwandle, olwandle nasemanzini amasha. Isibonelo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengamahlengethwa ziphila impilo yazo yonke emanzini. Futhi ezinye zntywiliselwa emanzini kuphela lapho zifuna ukudla, ngokwesibonelo, i-otter. Yonke impilo yasolwandle ingabhukuda kakhulu, kanti abanye bayakwazi ukungena ekujuleni okukhulu.
Ubukhulu bezilwane zasemhlabeni bunqunyelwe amandla abo okuxhasa isisindo, futhi emanzini isisindo somzimba siba mbala, imikhomo eminingi ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu.
I-otter yasolwandle - i-otter yolwandle.
Kunamaqembu ama-4 ezilwane ezincelisayo olwandle nasolwandle:
- AmaCetaceans - imikhomo namahlengethwa,
- Ama-Sirens - ama-dugong nama-manatees,
- I-Pinnipeds - izimpawu zamanzi kanye nama-walruses,
- Ama-sea otter.
Ama-Pinnipeds kanye nama-sea otter akhethwa emhlabeni ukuze aphumule futhi akhiqize inzalo, futhi ama-siren nama-cetaceans awalokothi ashiye amanzi.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
AmaMollus
Omunye wabamele abaziwayo kakhulu be-mollusk oda squid. Ihlala ezilwandle ezifudumele nezibandayo. Uma kubanda kakhulu amanzi, kumbala umbala wesikwele. Ukushintshwa kokugcwaliswa kombala kuncike ekushayweni kukagesi. Abanye abantu banezinhliziyo ezintathu, ngakho-ke banekhono lokuphinda bavuseleleke. Ama-squid angabadli, adla kuma-crustaceans amancane nase-plankton.
Ama-oysters, ama-mussels, ama-scallops nawo angawezimoll. Abamele laba banomzimba ofudumele ovaleke ngegobolondo elinamaqabunga amabili. Empeleni azihambi, zizingcwaba ngotshani noma zihlala emikhondlwini emikhulu, etholakala emadwaleni nasendaweni engaphansi kwamanzi.
Izinyoka nezimfudu
Ama-turtle olwandle ayizilwane ezinkulu. Afinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude futhi angaba nesisindo esingama-300 kg. IRidley - encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwamafudu, ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg. Izimpungushe zezimpungushe zithuthukiswa kangcono kunemilenze yangemuva. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuba babhukude amabanga amade. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emhlabeni izimfudu zasolwandle zivela kuphela ngokuzala. I-carapace ukwakheka kwamathambo anama-scge awugqinsi. Umbala waso usuka kukhanya onsundu ube luhlaza okotshani.
Ukuthola ukudla kwabo, amafudu abhukuda afinyelele kumamitha ayi-10. Ngokuyisisekelo, azondla nge-shellfish, i-algae futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-jellyfish encane.
Izinyoka zasolwandle zikhona ezinhlotsheni ezingama-56, ezihlanganiswe ngo-16 genera. Zitholakala ogwini lwe-Afrika neMelika Ephakathi, oLwandle Olubomvu futhi kude nasogwini lwaseJapan. Inani elikhulu labantu lihlala eSouth China Sea.
Izinyoka ziqonde ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-200, izinyoka azihambi, kepha zingahlala amahora amabili ngaphandle komoya. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwe-5-6 km ukusuka ezweni, laba bantu abangaphansi kwamanzi akabhukudi. Ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimp, ama-eels aba kukudla kwawo. Abamele abaziwayo bezinyoka zasolwandle:
- URinged Emidocephalus inyoka enamazinyo anobuthi.
- IMicrocephalus inyoka encane (70 - 80 cm) enekhanda elincane, emuva olukhulu kanye nesikali esikhulu esingunxantathu esimboza wonke umzimba.
- I-Dubois inyoka yasolwandle ehlala ogwini lwase-Australia. Ngenxa yombala onsundu okhanyayo onamabala amancane, ufihlwe kahle. Iyesabisa abantu bendawo nokwehlukahluka njengoba ubuthi bayo bungafaniswa namandla e-cobra.
Izinyoka azivamile ukuhlala eyodwa ngasikhathi, ngokuvamile zakha amaqoqo amakhulu.
Izakhamizi zasolwandle, isithombe sazo esinamagama, izindawo esihlala kuzo kanye namaqiniso okungajwayelekile ezempilo zithakazelisa kakhulu kubo bobabili ososayensi kanye nakuma-ameshaurs. Ulwandle luyi-Universal yonke, izimfihlo abantu abasenayo ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane eyodwa yokufunda.