I-Rainbow Cichlasoma (Cichlasoma synspilum) yinhlanzi enkulu, ethokozisayo. Vele, inzuzo yayo ngombala ogqamile, okhangayo. Futhi okubi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nobudlova, nokuthanda umoya wokuthula.
Kwakunokwenzeka ukubheka i-aquarium ene-cichlazoma yemvula, lapho wayehlala khona, iphakethe elimnyama kanye nama-labiatums ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho ne-pacu emnyama, eyayikhule kabili kunaleyo uthingo, yayigcwele isizungu ekhoneni.
Ukuphila endalweni
I-rainbow cichlazoma iyinhlobo engapheli ehlala eMfuleni i-Usumacinta nasebhafini yayo, edlula entshonalanga neMexico naseGuatemala. Kutholakala futhi eNhlonhlweni Yucatan, eningizimu yeMexico.
Ukulungiselela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanje kancane noma kumachibi ngaphandle kwamuva. Kwesinye isikhathi uthingo lutholakala ezitolo ezinamanzi kasawoti, kepha akucaci ukuthi lingahlala yini kulezi zimo isikhathi eside.
Incazelo
I-rainbow yinhlanzi enkulu ekhula ibe ngama-35 cm ubude futhi iphila iminyaka eyi-10. Yize zonke zikhula zincanyana e-aquarium. Unomzimba onamandla, oqinile wesimo se-oval, isigaxa esinamafutha sikhula ekhanda lowesilisa.
Yathola igama ngombala wayo ogqamile, kusukela ekhanda kuya phakathi komzimba ibubende obukhanyayo, bese kuvela ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi kube mnyama ngombala ohlukahlukene ohlanganisiwe neminye imibala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba bekhula, umbala uya ngokuya ukhula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha iminyaka emi-4 ukuthola umbala ogqamile.
Ukondla
Emvelweni, idla ikakhulukazi ngokudla kwezitshalo. Izithelo, imbewu, izitshalo zasemanzini kanye nolwelwe ziyisisekelo sokudla kwakhe. Kodwa, ku-aquarium, zithambekele ekunikezeleni ukondla.
Isisekelo sokudla komzimba kungenzeka sondle ama-cichlid amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungondla ukudla kwamaprotheni: i-shrimp, inyama kamsipha, ifilishi yezinhlanzi, izibungu, amakhilikithi nokuningi. Qinisekisa ukondla ukudla kwezitshalo, isibonelo, i-zucchini noma okhukhamba osikiwe bese ukondla nge-spirulina.
Njengoba le yinhlanzi enkulu kakhulu, umthamo omncane wokugcinwa uvela kumalitha angama-400 noma ngaphezulu. Izinga lokushisa lokugcina i-rainic cichlazoma lingama-24-30 ° C, kepha uma ufuna inhlanzi ukuthi isebenze kakhulu, khona-ke usondele kumanani aphezulu. I-Acidity esifundeni se-6.5-7.5, ubunzima be-10 - 15 ° H.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlobisa nenhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amatshe amahle noma isihlabathi njengomhlabathi, ngoba uthingo luthanda ukumba kuwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhetha kwezitshalo kukhawulelwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga noma ama-mosses aqine, bese utshala izitshalo ezimbizeni.
Ngokuvamile, izitshalo ezise-aquarium ezinjalo zi-atypical futhi ungazenza ngaphandle kwazo. Kungcono ukufaka imishanguzo emikhulu, ukhukhunathi, amabhodwe nokunye okukhoselwayo lapho izinhlanzi zithanda ukucasha khona. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kufanele kulungiswe ngokuthembekile, ngoba i-rainic cichlazomas ingahle ikwazi ukugaya bese ihambisa izinto.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla nokufakwa esikhundleni samasonto onke kwengxenye yamanzi ukuthola okusha.
Ukuvumelana
I-cichlid eyanele enolaka. Kungenzeka ukondla ngempumelelo nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezinjenge-labiatum noma i-cichlazoma yedayimane, enikezwe i-aquarium enkulu ngokwanele.
Kepha, ngeshwa, azikho iziqinisekiso. Izinhlanzi zingaphila ngempumelelo futhi zilwe njalo. Imvamisa umbhangqwana osukhulile uhlala ngokuthula komunye nomunye, kepha uzolwa kuze kube sekufeni namanye ama-cichlazomas anemibala enjengothingo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, bekungenzeka ukuthi ubone esikhungweni sezitolo i-aquarium eminyene futhi elungisiwe, eyayinomnyama owodwa, i-citron cichlazoma nephakethe elimnyama. Naphezu kokuqina, i-paca ne-cichlazomas ye-citron yayihlala ikhona ekhoneni elilodwa, lapho uthingo lwalubaqhubela khona.
Njengomthetho, ukudala i-pair, ngithenga izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-6-8, bese kwenziwa idwayizi elilodwa, bese abanye belahlwa.
Ukuzala
Inkinga enkulu ekuzaleni ama-cichlases ama-iridescent ukukha i-pair engeke ilwe. Uma le nkinga ixazululwa, khona-ke ukuthola uFry akunzima.
Umbhangqwana ulungiselela indawo ye-caviar, imvamisa itshe noma udonga endaweni yokukhosela. Le ndawo izohlanzwa kahle bese kususwa udoti.
Kepha, ngesikhathi sokuhlanza okunjalo, owesilisa angaba nolaka maqondana nowesifazane, lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile, kepha uma eshaya insikazi kanzima, kufanele asuswe noma kusetshenziswe igridi yokuhlukanisa.
Ngemuva kokunwebeka, ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 amaqanda azoqandeka, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezi-4 ukuthosa kubhukude. Udinga ukuyondla nge-nauplii ye-brine shrimp, kancane kancane uhambise kokuphakelayo okukhudlwana.
Abazali bayaqhubeka nokunakekela i-fry, kepha bangashintsha isimo sabo sengqondo uma belungiselela ukuqala okusha. Kulokhu, gazinga kungcono ukutshala.
Ukuzala kabusha nge-cichlase synspilum
Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1.5-2 yokuphila. Udinga ukukhetha umbhangqwana esemncane eqenjini lezinhlanzi. Owesilisa uhluke kowesifazana ekukhuleni okukhulu kwamafutha ebunzini.
Isiliva argentea cichlazoma noma isiliva cichlazoma / vieja argentea incazelo, okuqukethwe, umsoco, isithombe - esingu-5.0 kwezingu-5 ngokusekelwe kumavoti ama-3
Umsoco
Ukudla: ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kungukudla kwezitshalo (isibonelo, i-algae), nokudla okwenziwe ngo-granular, ama-shrimp kanye nezimbaza kumane nje kungezelwa.
Isilinganiso 5.00 (amavoti ama-3)
I-Vieja ebomvu-ikhanda (i-Vieja synspila). Igama lezinhlobo lisuselwa kwelesiGreki elithi "syn" (ndawonye) nelithi "spilos" (ibala).
Kusho umucu wezindawo ezimnyama "ezifakiwe", zisuka kwesiqu se-caudal ziye phakathi komzimba.
I-rainbow tsikhlazoma ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula, futhi nasemachibini amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala emanzini abraki, kepha ikakhulukazi akuhlali lapho.
Ukudla okuyimifino kutholakala emvelweni yemvelo; e-aquarium kungadla ukudla okomile okukhethekile kwama-cichlids, bukhoma, ama-bloodworms aqandisiwe, ama-shrimps, ama-mussels, izinhlanzi ezincane, futhi kuy efiseleka ukunikeza isakhi sesitshalo kanye ne-spirulina.
Ubude - abesilisa ukuya ku-40 cm, abesifazane kuze kube ngama-25 cm. Umzimba uphakeme, ugcwele impela. Isidumbu namapheya kubomvu-kuphuzi-luhlaza-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngamathiphu kamama we-pearl, ikhanda linombala okusajingijolo. Ukusuka kwi-caudal peduncle kuya maphakathi nomzimba kukhona umucu obanzi oqukethe izindawo ezimnyama. I-iris iyi-turquoise.
Owesilisa mkhulu futhi uqhakazile ngombala kunowesifazane. Futhi, njengoba abesilisa bevuthwa, kuqhamuka ibala elingabonakali ebunzini.
E-aquarium, inhlabathi ekahle iyathandeka, kuthathwa isihlungi esihle, i-aeration, ushintsho lwamanzi lwamasonto onke lufika kuma-30-35% luyadingeka. Futhi ku-aquarium udinga ukuhlinzeka ngamatshe, imihume, izingodo ukuze ukwazi ukucasha.
I-rainbow ayihambelani nezitshalo ze-cichlazoma; zizovuswa noma zidliwe. Kungcono ukugcina izingane ziseqenjini labantu abangama-6-8, abantu abadala - ngombhangqwana osunguliwe. Ingagcinwa ngokulingana nama-cichlid aseCentral America, kodwa kuphela e-aquarium enkulu engaphezu kwamalitha angama-500.
Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, banobuso obuphambili. Ezinhlanzini ezincane, ubulili kunzima ukunquma.
Ukuzala kungenzeka kuphela ngebhangqa elihambisanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha iqembu lezinhlanzi ezisencane kubantu abangama-6-8 bese ubayeka bakhethe umuntu abazoshada naye njengoba sebevuthiwe.
Kumelwe kukhethwe umbhangqwana ovelele ozalanayo, futhi amanye amabhangqa kufanele asuswe ku-aquarium. Njengesizathu sokunwebeka, itshe elisicaba livame ukusetshenziswa. Ukuhlangana kwenziwa amaqanda angama-500. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, owesilisa uba nolaka kakhulu maqondana nowesifazane, angabulala, kulokhu, kungcono ukutshala insikazi.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, izibungu ziqandusela emaqanda bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezi-3 ama-fry akwazi ukubhukuda adle ngokwawo. I-Fry kufanele idliwe nge-Artemia nauplii noma ukudla okomile okuhlanganisiwe. Bobabili abazali banakekela kakhulu i-fry, kepha lapho kufika isikhathi sokuluka okulandelayo, baba nolaka kanti nefry kufanele isuswe.
Isifiso sokuphila kweRainbow Cichlazoma yiminyaka eyi-10.
Emvelweni: ubunzima be-10-20 dGH, pH 7.0-8.0, izinga lokushisa 24-30 ° C.
Ukucwilisa: ubulukhuni 10- 20 dGH, pH 7.0-8.0, izinga lokushisa 25- 28 ° С.
Ezweni lethu, i-Vieja synspila ibilokhu igcinwa kusukela ngo-1980, noma kunjalo, ithole ukuthandwa kuphela eminyakeni yamuva, lapho ama-aquarium amakhulu asetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi ama-cichlazomas amakhulu adumile.
Lesi simo sibuye sichaze nokunemba kwencazelo yalolu hlobo ezincwadini zeminyaka edlule. Isibonelo, A.S. IPolonsky (1996) ibhala nge-V. synspila njengenhlanzi efinyelela ku-10 cm ubude, idinga ama-aquariums ngenani lamalitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu.
(Cichlasoma synspilum) - i-cichlid enkulu yaseNingizimu Melika, lapho ekudingisweni ingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-25. Ukuziphatha okuthakazelisayo kwe-cichlid nombala wayo ogqamile kwenza okuqukethwe kwawo ku-aquarium kuthakazelise kakhulu. Umbala wenhlanzi ungahluka kusuka kokupinki kuya kokuphuzi nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenkathi inhlanzi ikhula, isikhathi samafutha ebunzini lowesilisa sikhuphuka ngosayizi, futhi umbala waso uthola umbala ogcwele okhanyayo.
Amabili amafomu asevele esenonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kusemncane kakhulu, ukuqala kwe-test yokuqala kungenzeka, okuthi ezimeni eziningi kungaholeli esiphethweni sefry. Ngeminyaka emibili, izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zifinyelela ebusheni bese ziqala ukukhula. Abashadikazi abakhona bahlala impilo yonke. Izinhlanzi zindawo yonke, kepha uma kunezindawo zokukhosela ezanele, zingagcinwa kalula nezinye izinhlobo ezincane zama-cichlids aseMelika.
Isihluthulelo sokulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-rainbow cichlasoma ukukhethwa okufanele kwevolumu ye-aquarium nokuhlunga kwamanzi okuphezulu. Inhlanzi ngokwayo inkulu impela, ngakho-ke udinga ukusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle esizosusa ngempumelelo ama-nitrate nama-nitrites emanzini. Eminye yemisebenzi eyintandokazi ye-cichlase ukugaya emhlabathini, amatshe amatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe amahle nesihlabathi se-quartz angasetshenziswa njengowokugcina. Qinisekisa ukuwasha kahle inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, okuzogwema ukubonakala kokugcwala emanzini. I-aquarium kufanele ibe nenani elidingekayo lokukhosela, futhi indawo engezansi ngokwayo kufanele ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana, ezizogwema ukuvela kwezingxabano zendawo. Ngesikhathi sokuthandana kwabantu besilisa, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela ama-skirmishing, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwama-grottoes nezindawo zokukhosela kuzovumela owesimame ukuthi abalekele kowesilisa othanda ngokweqile.
Ubunzima obuthile okuqukethwe yi-rainbow cichlazoma ngezitshalo eziphilayo. Inhlanzi ayigcini nje ngokudla amahlumela amasha, kodwa futhi ngokushesha imba izitshalo ezingene ngokuphelele ngohlelo oluyimpande oluthuthukisiwe. Ngokwengxenye, ungasindisa lesi simo ngokutshala izitshalo ezimbizeni zezimbali eziboshwe ngamatshe okuhlobisa. Kulokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezinamahlamvu alukhuni (ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-anubias). Njengomklamo we-aquarium, singakuncoma i-biotope ngama-blockages amatshe nezigobho. Lo mklamo unokubukeka kwasekuqaleni futhi ukuvumela ukuthi udale izindawo eziningi zokukhambisa izinhlanzi.
I-rainbow tsikhlazoma iyazikhukhumeza ekugcineni izinhlanzi. Inkomba yobunzima bamanzi ingahluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-20 ° dH, ne-pH = 7. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elithandeka kakhulu ngama-24 - 27 degrees. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinga lama-nitrate nama-nitrites emanzini. Lapho zidlula okuqukethwe, inhlanzi ingaba yingozi futhi ife ngokushesha. Ungasusa ama-nitrate nama-nitrate emanzini ngokushintsha okuvamisile noma ngokusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle esine-biology esunguliwe. Akunandaba ngokuphelele ukumbozwa kwe-cichlazoma. Kunconywa ukugwema ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu nobumnyama ngokuphelele. I-aeration enconyiwe ethuthukisiwe, okudingeka uthenge ngayo i-compressor ehambelana nevolumu ye-aquarium yakho.
Njengama-cichlid amaningi aseNingizimu Melika, i-rainic cichloma iyinhlanzi eyindawo. Ikakhulu, le ndlela yokuziphatha ibonakaliswa ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu kanye nenhlabathi ebekiwe yale nhlanzi, kunzima ukuyigcina nezinye izinhlobo ezincane ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane. Uma kwenzeka uhlela ukuqukatha izinhlobo eziningana zama-cichlid aseMelika ndawonye, singakuncoma i-aquarium ngenani elincane lamalitha angama-300 kanye nokuba khona kwenqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela.
Omakhelwane bayayalwa ukuthi bakhethe okufanayo ngosayizi. Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezindawo zokukhosela nokusatshalaliswa kwezansi yendawo kunganciphisa indawo yokulwa nolaka lube ubuncane. Kwezinye izimo, kuyenzeka ukunciphisa noma kususe ngokuphelele ubudlova lapho ubakhulisa kusuka ku-fry nezinye izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, akukho okungaqinisekiswa kuleli cala. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, i-cichlazoma izokhombisa ukufuthelana okuthe xaxa, futhi ibhekane nezinhlanzi ezincane e-aquarium. Lapho kukhula i-aquarium, kuba lula kakhulu ukugcina amakhikhithi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Ukuba khona okuphoqelekile kwama-grotto kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokukhosela. Inani lezindawo zokukhosela kufanele lidlule inani lezinhlanzi ezise-aquarium. Khumbula ukuthi ngaphansi kwama-grottoes kusuka ematsheni kuyadingeka ukubeka izingcezu ezincane ze-polystyrene foam, ezimbozwe ngenhlabathi evela phezulu. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugweme ingozi yokulimala engilazini ngamatshe amakhulu.
I-rainbow cichlase iyamangaza. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iningi lokudla kufanele kube nokudla kwezilwane. Ukudla kufanele kufake iminyundu, iminyundu yegazi, izimpilo ezincane, izihlanzana zezinhlanzi, islfish, igobolondo, ukudla okwomile nokuqandisiwe. Sonke isidingo esidingekayo sokudla kwezitshalo singakwaneliswa nge-dandelion, i-nettle ne-ulethisi. Uma ufisa, ungasebenzisa izifunzo ezikhethekile ezinophawu oluqukethe inani elidingekayo lezakhi zamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate.
Ukuzalwa kwe-rainbow cichlasoma akunzima. Ukunwebeka okungenzeka ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elikhudlwana le-fry libonakala ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa esifubeni. Umthamo omncane we-aquarium enjalo ngamalitha ayi-150. Ngezansi kwejigger udinga ukufaka ama-grottoes amaningana bese ubeka itshe eliyisicaba elibanzi. I-Aeration nokuhlunga kufanele kube khona ku-aquarium evulekile. Musa ukweqisa izinhlanzi ekuqhekekeni, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekwandeni okubukhali kwama-nitrate, okungaholela ekufeni kwefry. Khumbula ukufaka phansi phansi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ushintshe inani elincane lamanzi.
I-Spawning ingavuswa ngokwenyusa izinga lokushisa ngamadigri amaningana kanye nokushintshwa kwamanzi njalo. Kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe amavolumu amabili ngesonto, ushintsho lwansuku zonke akumele lube ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-30 evolumu ephelele. Isibalo esikhulu samaqanda ekuqhekekeni okukodwa singafinyelela izingcezu ezingama-500. Ama-cichlazomes abo abekwe etsheni elihlanzwe ngaphambili. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lungumzali onakekelayo, ngakho-ke akufanele ululandele ngemuva kokuba i-caviar isitshaliwe. Isikhathi sokufakwa, ngokuya ngokushisa kwamanzi, singasukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-6. Isonto ngemuva kokudonswa amaqanda, lo mkhaza uthatha indawo enezingqimba futhi angazondla ngokuzimela.
I-Artemia, daphnia kanye nama-cyclops angamacala amahle kakhulu wokuthosa.
Ungakusebenzisa ukudla okomile okufrywe. Kodwa-ke, sincoma ukuthi ubondle ngokudla okubukhoma noma kweqhwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthosi okunjalo kuhlukaniswa umbala okhanyayo futhi kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kungenzeka ngempela ukuwomisa nge-feed. Lapho ukuthosa kukhula, kubalulekile ukuhlunga ngosayizi, bese ukhetha ukudla okulungele usayizi onikezwe uswidi. Ukuzalela ama-cichlases akunzima. Njengoba usuwutholile lo mbhangqwana, maduze nje uzocabanga ngokuthi uzonikela ngobani wonke uFry.
Ngokwesimo esicindezelekile, i-cichlazoma yabantu abadala ingalingisa iminyakazo yokufa. Izinhlanzi zibhukuda emibuthanweni, zigoqele ohlangothini lwazo futhi zingalala emhlabeni isikhathi eside. Kamuva, inhlanzi ifika ngokuphelele emibonweni yayo futhi ayikhombisi zimpawu zokucindezela. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuphephisa nokuqiniswa komakhelwane, imivimbo ekhulunyiwe ingahle ibonakale ekukhuleni kwamafutha, anyamalale ngemuva kokuxazululwa kwengxabano.
Ama-cichlazomas e-Iridescent anokuziphatha okuthakazelisa kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukubona amakhosi abo futhi bathathe ukudla ezandleni zabo. Abazali abanakekelayo bavikela inzalo yabo, babhukuda ngenkuthalo futhi balethe injabulo enkulu kubadala nakubantwana.
Umndeni: ama-cichlid (Cichlidae)
Incazelo yangaphandle: i-cichlazoma maculikauda yinhlanzi enamandla enomzimba omkhulu. Umbala oyinhloko ulula: ukusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka / okuluhlaza, ingxenye engezansi yekhanda nengxenye yesisu kunombala obomvu, ibala elimnyama libonakala maphakathi nomzimba, ubukhulu nokuqina kombala kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kaningi kuba khona indawo enkulu emnyama phansi komsila. Amawunga, ngaphandle komsila, ahambelana nombala oyinhloko, umsila we-fin ubomvu. Abesilisa banemibala egqamile, njengoba iminyaka yobudala yabesilisa ibonakala i-occipital hump
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo: inhlanzi isishubile eMelika Ephakathi
Ubukhulu: usayizi omkhulu wezinhlanzi ongu-25 cm
Isendlalelo seHabitat: izama ukuhlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi neziphakathi
Ukuziphatha: Ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi kunolaka olukhulu, ngakho-ke kuqukethwe ama-cichlidi amakhulu futhi afanayo ku-temperament cichlids, noma akhiwe ngababili ku-aquarium yezinhlobo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kanye nokuvela kwamaqanda, baba nolaka ikakhulukazi
Ukuhlelwa kwe-aquarium: umthamo omncane we-aquarium - amalitha angama-200, afanele izinhlanzi ezimbili. Lapho uhlela i-aquarium, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene: imihume, imigede, idriftwood, izitshalo, kungcono ukubeka izitshalo ezimbizeni ezikhethekile
Amapharamitha Amanzi: lokushisa 22-27ºC, pH 6.0-8.0, maphakathi phakathi kwezinkomba yi "golide", dGH 8-16 °
Umsoco: Naphezu kokuthi izinhlanzi zinolaka impela, ukudla kwazo ngokwemvelo ku-algae, noma kunjalo, imithombo yamaphrotheni kumele ingezwe ekudleni kwezinhlanzi
Ukuzalela: Amandla okuzala kabusha izinhlanzi afinyelela kuphela ngosayizi - 15 cm, noma lapho efinyelela izinyanga eziyi-6-10. Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele abe seduze kokufanelekile: izinga lokushisa cishe ngu-26 °, pH cishe ngo-7, ubunzima ngokufana, kepha izinkomba ezimbili zokuqala zibaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukusabalalisa kube ne-jozi eyakhekile, uma kungenjalo kungenzeka ukuthi kungasebenzi, ngoba lokhu udinga ukuthenga kuqala noma iqembu lezinhlanzi ezi-6. Lo mbhangqwana ukhetha indawo yokusabalalisa futhi uyihlomise, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda angama-600, abazali bayinakekela ngokucophelela inzalo futhi bayivikela kakhulu insimu. Fry ivela ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, iqale ukubhukuda ngesonto, ukudla okuqala kwe-crustacean nauplii
Qaphela: Ngokuvamile, ukugcina izinhlanzi akunzima uma ugcina ngokuqinile amapharamitha wamanzi, kepha afuna ngenani le-aquarium futhi anolaka olukhulu maqondana nomakhelwane, ngakho-ke kunconywa kuphela ama-olwandle ase-Australia anolwazi
Ividiyo (Cichlazoma maculicauda (Vieja maculicauda, Cichlasoma maculicauda, Blackbelt cichlid):
Cichlazoma rainbow incazelo
ESoviet Union kwavela ngawo-1980. Kodwa-ke, akubanga banzi ngenxa yemithamo emincane yezindawo zasemanzini ngaleso sikhathi.
I-Tsikhlazoma imvula enkulu. Endle ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-30. Ngemuva kwengilazi ye-aquarium kuvame ukuba namasayizi aze afike kumasentimitha angama-20. Umzimba uphakama kancane uthambile kamuva. Ikhanda likhulu ngamehlo amakhulu afanayo nomlomo omkhulu. Owesilisa une-tubercle ebunjiwe ebunzini lakhe.
Umbala womzimba uguquguqukayo. Kwangathi ungaba nohlaza ophuzi wegolide, oluhlaza okotshani obomvu noma obomvu Inhloko ihlala ibomvu noma ibomvu. Isikali sinomngcele omnyama. Esiqwini se-caudal kukhona indawo emnyama enezinhlaka ezingejwayelekile.
Amaphiko ayabonakala, imvamisa nge-tint enamabala. Amaphisi e-dorsal ne-anal, njengawo wonke ama-cichlid, atambanekela esisekelweni somsila futhi aqede ngohlobo lwe-pigtail. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwayo ekudingisweni cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10. Bafinyelela ebusheni ngokuphela konyaka wesibili wokuphila. Omnivores. Ukuthula. Imibhangqwana eshadile iba ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, futhi uma ukuphela kungaphazamisi, bahlala bethembekile kulowo okhethiwe impilo yabo yonke.
Cichlazoma iridescent sex umehluko
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, owesilisa uthwala uhlobo lomhlobiso ebunzini lakhe - ukukhula kwamafutha. Owesifazane walolu hlobo akanayo le mizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kokuhlanza, kuvela owesilisa endaweni ye-anus a deferens encane ekhonjiwe. I-ovipositor yowesifazane itholakala endaweni efanayo.
Okuqukethwe yi-rainik Tsikhlazoma
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, noma yisiphi isitho sangasese sidinga ukugezwa kahle ukuze kungabikho bhuxu lapho ama-cichlomas ethatha umsebenzi wawo awuthandayo - emba umhlabathi. Ngezansi, kubalulekile ukwakha ama-grottoes amaningana kusuka ematsheni amakhulu, ubukhulu bawo okufanele budlule usayizi wenhlanzi.
Kufanele futhi ihlukanise phansi "amadwala" ngezigaba ngobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-40. Lezi zinyathelo zizovumela omakhelwane ukuthi bahlukanise insimu babe yizingxenye zethonya nokungqubuzana okuncane emzabalazweni wendawo ngaphansi kweLanga. Futhi labo abakhathele ikakhulukazi ngezinto eziyize zomhlaba bazokwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi emhumeni onikezwe nguwe ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigede ebanzi yomqhele izosiza ekuphephiseni umuntu obuthaka kunokhahlo lwesilisa, uze uthole ezinye izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga. Yize kungenzeka kungaqhamuki nhlobo, kungcono ukubona kusengaphambili zonke izinketho kusengaphambili.
Hhayi i-aquarium ngaphandle kwezitshalo ... umkhombe wezinhlanzi eziphilayo epanini. Yize ukunambitheka kungaxabani. To
I-rainbow Cichlazoma
abangane oluhlaza basinda eduze kwama-cichlazomas, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu kanzima nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Ungatshala nezitshalo ezimbizeni zezimbali, ezigcina zifakwe imaski ngamatshe amakhulu. Ukuze abaklami bethu abangaphansi kwamanzi bangakwazi ukubadonsa. Ngakho
kepha ungasebenzisa izitshalo ezintantayo kwikholamu yamanzi, isibonelo, iCanode Elodea. Kuliqiniso angakwenza
kudliwe, kepha ukukhula kwawo ngokushesha kungasusa isifiso sezilwane ezifuywayo. Amabhishi ambalwa ezitshalo ezintantayo angavunyelwa ukuba ngaphezulu. Ungazama futhi ukusebenzisa i-richchia noma i-duckweed.
Amapharamitha wamanzi: Izinga lokushisa esitsheni sokulungiswa kwesikhashana lingaba ku-24 - 27 ° C. pH = 7 °. Ubunzima 8 kuya ku-20 ° dH.
Isibani: Akunandaba nokufakwa kwe-cichlazoma. Uma kungenjalo hhayi kuphela ubumnyama obumnyama hhayi obukhanyayo obukhulu, njengasohlangothini lwelanga laseVenus. Ngakho-ke, khetha okokukhanyisa ngokuya ngezidingo zezitshalo zakho ozikhethile, futhi ukuze ukhululeke ukubheka izakhamuzi zechibi lakho elingaphakathi.
Kuwo wonke ama-cichlase, ama-mehendi, okucutshungulwayo webhayoloji kanye nokukhuculula okuthuthukile kudingeka. Uma amanzi engcoliswe ngemikhiqizo ye-protein metabolism noma kuzoba nokushintshashintsha okubukhali kumanani wobulukhuni noma i-acidity yaphakathi nendawo, khona-ke izinhlanzi ziyoqala ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, okuzovela njengezindawo ezinsundu ezimile ngokungafani. Uyayidinga?
Ukuvumelana I-cichlid yi-rainic cichlid, ngisho ne-brown-brown-raspberry. Ngokwayo kubukeka sengathi akekho othintayo. Kepha ivikela indawo yayo njenge-samurai kamikaze. “Asinaye umuntu esingamaziyo, kepha asiyikukhipha i-svoo. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlose ukugcina abamele abaningana bezilwane zezwekazi laseMelika, okokuqala-ke udinga umthamo wamalitha angamakhulu amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Okukhulu, okungcono. Okwesibili, bonke "omakhelwane" kufanele babe cishe ngosayizi ofanayo. Futhi mayelana nokulimala okufanayo.
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi kungani ebizwa ngokuthi inhloko-ebomvu
Isibonelo, i-acar enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingahle ingahambi kahle uma i-rainic cichlazoma ithatha isinqumo sokuthi ngeke bakwazi ukuhlala ndawonye kulomhlaba ... Ukukhula okuhlanganayo koqoqwane, ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba kwesichibi ngosizo "lwamadwala", kanye namathanga ezitshalo kunganciphisa ubudlova. Ukuba khona okuphoqelekile kwezindawo zokukhosela ezinenombolo ephelele edlula inani lezinhlanzi. Ama-grottoes nemihume kufanele abe makhulu kunenhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke. Lezi zinhlaka kumele zenziwe ngokuzwakalayo ukuze zingahlukani nesidalwa esiphilayo esasifuna indawo yokukhosela kuzo.
: I-rainbow Cichlazoma omnivorous, kepha 80% wokudla kufanele kube ukudla kwezilwane. , ama-Earthworms, imicu yezinhlanzi, ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane, igobolondo, umhluzi, u-ayisikhilimu nokudla okwomile. Isidingo sokudla kwezitshalo singakwaneliswa nge-ulethisi, i-nettle, i-dandelion.
Ukuzalela: Ungazalela esitsheni esijwayelekile, kepha kungcono ukuhlomisa indawo ehlukile yokuzalanisa. Umthamo ungamalitha ayi-150. Ngezansi kufanele kube nama-grottoes amaningana anomnyango obanzi kanye netshe elibanzi eliqonde phansi. I-Spawning ivuselelwa ngokunyusa izinga lokushisa ngu-1-2 ° С futhi iguqule amavolumu amabili wamanzi amasha.
phakathi nesonto. Lapho ama-cichlomas enombala uthingo, ekugcineni azokuqonda ukuthi ufunani kubo; azoshanela amaqanda angamakhulu ayisihlanu etsheni elihlanjululwe ngaphambilini alithandayo. Wonke ama-cichlomas angabazali abahle futhi ama-iridescent awafani. Bazowanakekela ngokucophelela amaqanda, bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokho gazinga. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-6, kuya ngeqondo lokushisa elikhona. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kuvela izibungu. Futhi emva cishe kwesonto bazothatha okuvundlile
lesi simo, siphenduka sibe yi-fry, futhi sizobhukuda siyofuna ukudla ngaphansi kokuqashwa kukamama nobaba. Ukuqala ukudla kwama-crustaceans amancane - nauplii, daphnia, cyclops. Njengoba zikhula, izingane ezincane kufanele zihlukaniswe ngosayizi bese zidluliselwa ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zokuphakelwa. Futhi futhi yisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuthi uzowubeka kuphi wonke lo mhlambi ...
Imininingwane eyengeziwe: Bonke abathandi be-cichlid bayaqiniseka ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zinikezwe ubuhlakani (musa ukudida ngesizathu). Ngokunokwenzeka, ngokwezinga elithile lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ama-dolphin, njengezinja, angaba abangane nabantu. Ama-Cichlazomas nawo ashesha ukujwayela inkosi yawo. Bangayihlukanisa nabanye abantu. Bathatha ukudla ezandleni zabo, bayazivumela ukuthi zingakhanywa noma zisuswe emanzini. Lelinjani izinga lokuthembela kumuntu! Ukuphatha kanjani lokhu kumethemba umuntu - kuya kuye kuphela. Ngethemba lokuthi uzoba yiNdoda ...
I-rainbow Cichlazoma inesici esisodwa sokuziphatha. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kungalingisa ukungasizi noma nokufa imbala (yize lokhu kungekulona ukulingisa). Ungena eceleni kwakhe, ubhukuda ngemibuthano noma ngokuvunguza. Lingalala isikhashana ohlangothini lwayo lunganyakazi, njengofile. Lapho inhlanzi idambisa, ibuyela ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile. Ukulingisa lokhu noma mubi ngempela - wazi eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, angizukudala ngokuqondile imibandela yokubonakaliswa kokuziphatha okunjalo.
Okunye okuhehayo. Iqiniso aliboniswa kubo bonke abantu. Umbala wokulwa - ngokuxabana nomakhelwane, imivimbo eminingana eshintshashintshayo ivela ekukhuleni kwangaphambi kowesilisa, okunyamalala lapho ingxabano ixazululwa.
I-Rainbow Cichlasoma (Cichlasoma synspilum) yinhlanzi enkulu, ethokozisayo. Vele, inzuzo yayo ngombala ogqamile, okhangayo. Futhi okubi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nobudlova, nokuthanda umoya wokuthula.
Kwakunokwenzeka ukubheka i-aquarium ene-cichlazoma yemvula, lapho wayehlala khona, iphakethe elimnyama kanye nama-labiatums ambalwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho ne-pac, eyayinkulu kabili kunothingo, yayicindezela umzwangedwa ekhoneni.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ukugwema izingxabano phakathi kwezinhlanzi, hlukanisa insimu ibe izingxenye usebenzisa izingibe. Nikeza zonke izindlela ezingavimbela izingxabano. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bathanda ukubhekana nabantu ababuthakathaka, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nendawo yokukhosela. Ukutshala izitshalo ku-aquarium kunconyiwe, kepha kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi izinhlanzi ngeke zizidle. Izitshalo ezinesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle (kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezintantayo) namaqabunga amakhulu anamapuleti aqinile ayafaneleka. Amanye ama-olwandle asebenzisa i-duckweed ne-richchia.
Ukushisa kwamanzi: 24-30 о С, acidity 6.5-7рН, dH - kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-20. Ama-cichlid abomvu athanda ukukhanya okuthambile, into esemqoka ukuthi ungabona phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukuze ugweme ukuvuvukala esikalini, amanzi esitsheni kufanele ahlanzeke kakhulu. Ukuhlunga kwebhayoloji nokuhleleka, ukulethwa okuhle kuyisihluthulelo sempilo yabo. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi - kanye ngesonto ama-20%.
Ungondla ama-cichlases ngezitshalo zasemanzini kanye ne-algae, izithelo nembewu, nokudla kwama-cichlids. I-Shrimp, inyama yezimbaza, izibungu kanye namakhethini kungukuzelapha. Okuphakelayo nge-spriulina, ukhukhamba osikiwe kanye ne-zucchini kuyadliwa.
Kungcono ukugcina inhlanzi eyodwa, ezokwakheka lapho umuntu ngamunye esenonyaka owodwa ubudala. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela amanye ama-cichlid, ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela isimbumbulu esisodwa e-aquarium, kungcono ukuyihambisa ku-aquarium ehlukile. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, yakha izimo ezifanele zempilo yazo zonke izinhlanzi (omakhelwane abancane ngeke basebenze), yakha indawo yokuhlala ngokwanele.
Bona ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane bavikela kanjani amaqanda.