Ufudu lwendlovu noma lweGalapagos (lat. Chelonoidis nigra) yilungu elikhulu lomndeni wezimfudu emhlabeni (Lat. Testudinidae). Izinduna zezindlovu zavela eMhlabeni ezizungeze isikhathi se-Triassic eminyakeni engama-250-200 edlule. Kulesi sikhathi sonke lesi sikhathi, ukubukeka kwesidlakela asikashintshi.
Manje kwaziwa ukuthi kusungulwe izinhlobo ezi-15 zofudu lwendlovu, okuyi-5 yazo esezivele zafa.
Incazelo
Isifufula saseGalapagos sishaya wonke umuntu ngosayizi waso, ngoba ukubona ufudu olunesisindo esingu-300 kg futhi lufika ku-1 m ukuphakama lubaluleke kakhulu, elinye lamagobolondo alo ububanzi lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Intamo yakhe yinde futhi incane, futhi ikhanda lakhe lincane futhi liyindilinga, amehlo akhe amnyama futhi ahlukaniswe phakathi.
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Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezimfudu, ezinemilenze emifushane kangangokuba kufanele zikwazi ukukhasa esiswini sazo, ufudu lwendlovu lunezihlahla ezinde nezinyawo, lumbozwe isikhumba esimnyama esilingana nesikali, izinyawo ziphela ngeminwe emincane. Kuyatholakala nomsila - emadodeni yinde kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ukuzwa akukho ngaphansi, ngakho-ke abasabeli kahle lapho kufika izitha.
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Ososayensi babahlukanisa baba ama-morphoids amabili ahlukene:
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- negobolondo eliqondisiwe
- ngegobolondo lesihlalo sehhashi.
Ngokwemvelo, umehluko wonke lapha unembile ngokuqondile ngesimo segobolondo elifanayo. Kwamanye, ikhuphuka ngaphezu komzimba ngesimo se-arch, kuthi okwesibili, iqondane kahle nentamo, indlela yokuvikela yemvelo incike kuphela endaweni yokuhlala.
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Ungasibona kanjani ufudu lwendlovu yaseGalapagos ngezimpawu zangaphandle?
Lesi ufudu esikhulu sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-300. Ububanzi begobolondo laso licishe libe amamitha elilodwa nesigamu, futhi ukuphakama lesi silwane sikhula sibe imitha eyodwa! Kunzima ukunganaki ufudu olunje, yize lunesikhumba esincane.
Isici esahlukile sefudu lendlovu ngumsamo wayo omude, futhi futhi inemilenze emide, ngenxa yokuphakamisa umzimba uphezulu kusuka emhlabathini. Imidwebo yalesi simeleli se-"umbuso" ufudu isidwetshwe mnyama.
Kungani ufudu lwathola igama elithi "indlovu"? Yonke le nto ngokubukeka kwayo: ayigcini ngokuba nobukhulu "bendlovu" obuhlaba umxhwele, imilenze yefudu futhi ikhuluma ngokufana nalezi zilwane: zikhulu kangangokuba zibukeka njengemilenze yendlovu. Ukufana kuboniswa ngenani elikhulu lemikhonto yesikhumba entanyeni.
Imidwebo yemfudu yezindlovu ibuye isikhumbuze isihlalo esibunjiweyo: ngaphambili iphakanyiswa kancane, kuthi emuva inendawo futhi kune notch encane.
Amabhubhu endlovu athula ngokuthula
Elephant turtles yokuphila
Lawa abamele umndeni wo ufudu womhlaba bahlala ezimweni ezinzima. Lapho behlala khona, kuhlala kunamazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, okushisa okushisa kanye nohlaza olunqabile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zingabi nalutho kokudla. Ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, bazama ukuhlala eduze kwamahlathi asabisayo ase-tropical, emathafeni agqunywe ngamabhasi, noma kuma-savannas. EGalapagos, ufudu lwendlovu luhlala ezindaweni eziphansi.
Kumajaha abasha, igobolondo lingumthunzi olula.
Esikhathini sasemini, lezi zilwane zikhombisa ukwanda kokuqapha, kepha ngokuqala kobusuku zibonakala ziphenduka izidalwa eziyizimpumputhe nezisithulu - ziyahamba, zingakunaki okwenzekayo nxazonke bese zilahla ukuqaphela kwazo. Kakhulu, izimpungushe zendlovu ziyizidalwa ezihamba kancane! Usuku lonke ngeke badlule kumakhilomitha ayi-6.
Ngabe udla luphi ufudu lweGalapagos?
Ufudu lwendlovu udla uhlaza. Udla noma yimiphi imifino: kungaba ngamaqabunga ezihlahla noma ikhekhe elimnandi, utshani noma amahlumela amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingadla izinkuni ze-lichens nezithelo zezithelo nezitshalo ezingama-berry. Idla ufudu kanye ne-algae, kanye nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Kepha izinto ezinhle kakhulu kuye kwaba futhi uhlale ... utamatisi!
Izimfudu zeGalapagos ziphephe ngokuphelele kubantu, noma kunjalo, abasebenzise lokhu, okucishe kwaholela ekuqothulweni kwaleminjunju.
Ishobhe eliqabukela liphuza amanzi, ngoba linempahla yokuyigcina isikhathi eside emzimbeni wayo.
Ukufuya amafudu endlovu
Minyaka yonke, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguNovemba, izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda. Lokhu kwenzeka endaweni efanayo, elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ngabazali abanakekelayo. I-clutch eyodwa iqukethe amaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-20. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, kuvela isizukulwane esisha semidondoshiya 'esidlekeni' samaqanda abekwe.
Ufudu lwendlovu olusanda kuqoshwa eqandeni.
Ama-Elephant turtles aziwa njengezilwane ezihlala isikhathi eside. Amacala alotshwa lapho ephila iminyaka eyi-100, noma ngisho ne-150!
Ukubuka okusengozini
Mayelana nokuqothulwa kwenqwaba ngenxa yenzuzo, eyenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, lezi zifudu zawa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yizinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zokuvikela imvelo. Njengamanje, amanani abo alawulwa ngokuqinile ukuvikela ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni wethu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ngenkathi abantu bethola ngalokhu okuphilayo
Ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi zifunde ngezilwane ezihuquza izindlovu ngo-1535, lapho lesi siqhingi sitholwa ngabanqobi baseSpain. Kwatholakala kubo inqwaba yemfudu, ngemuva kwalokho isiqhingi saqanjwa ngokuthi iGalapagos, kanti isibalo sasingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-250. Ocwaningweni lwabaseSpain, amarekhodi atholakala lapho okukhonjiswe khona ukuthi ubude bezilwane bufika ngamamitha amabili, futhi isisindo sacishe saba yingxenye yetani, kanti lokhu bekungeyona into etholakalayo.
Izimfudu zeGalapagos, noma izimfudu zezindlovu AbaseSpain babesebenzisa i-oyela, eyayisetshenziselwa i-cosmetology ukwenza ngcono ukubukeka kwesikhumba, kanye nezinjongo zokwelapha. Lesi silwane besihlala siqothulwa, ngokwesibonelo, emakhulwini eminyaka angama-17-18, amaphenti abonwa ekubhujisweni, kwathi ngekhulu le-19, abalimele ababulala abesifazane abase besondele ukubeka amaqanda abo babangela ukulimala okukhethekile.
Ukuvela eziqhingini zezingulube, amakati nezinja nakho kubangele ukulimala kwabantu, lezi zilwane zazihlala zidla izimfudu ezincane. Izinduna zacekelwa phansi ngamagundane, izimbuzi nezimbongolo zilethwe kulesi siqhingi.
Eminyakeni yama-80s, inani le-chelonoidisnigra lehle laya kubantu abangama-3,000. Ukuze kulondolozwe lolu hlobo, kwakhiwa isiteshi lapho kwaqoqwa khona amaqanda nezimfudu futhi akhula khona. Ngemuva kokuba umuntu ekhulile, wakhululwa endle. Imizamo enjalo inyuse isibalo sezindlovu zezindlovu ngonyaka ka-2009 zaya kubantu abangama-20,000.
Njengoba iziQhingi zaseGalapagos zingezase-Ecuador, uhulumeni wakuvimbela ukubanjwa kwezimfudu, kwathi eminyakeni engama-25 kamuva, ngo-1959, kwasungulwa iNational Park. Kusukela ngo-1965, ukwenziwa kwamabhulukwe okufakelwa ngosizo kwe-incubator kwaqalwa, kwezifudu eziyisishiyagalombili ezazibanjiwe, iqembu lokuqala lamaqanda latholakala.
Ukufuya amafudu
Ama-turtles ayizilwane ezihambahamba kancane, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula ziya ngokuya zikhuthele futhi zidlala. Abesilisa bahlala befuna abesifazane. Lapho uhlangana nomuntu ongamaziyo, ukulwa akunakwenzeka ukukugwema. Babhekane, izimbangi zibheke komunye nomunye, zivula imilomo kakhulu futhi zinikina amakhanda. Kube sekufika ukuhlasela, kube nokukhala okukhulu nezimfudu ezilengayo zijikijelane, zizama ukuluma imilenze noma intamo. Owesilisa ocashile ngokwedlulele, owayekwazi ukudiliza isitha phansi, umjikisa emuva, okuholela ekuphulweni kokujikeleza kwegazi nokondleka kwezitho zangaphakathi. Kulesi simo, ufudu luba buthakathaka, kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngemuva kuholela ekufeni, ngakho-ke ophikisayo uzama ukugoqa ezinyaweni zakhe ngokushesha okukhulu. Isilwane esihluliwe sishiya impi yempi, bese kuthi ophumelele ahlukane, emva kwalokho owesifazana ashiye masinyane. Ukuhlangana kungavela unyaka wonke, kepha kubhekwa njengezinyanga ezinezithelo kakhulu kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuFebhuwari.
Emahoreni ambalwa, umuntu emhlabathini onesihlabathi noma owomile ubumba umgodi ongaba ngu-30 cm ngokujula, lapho amaqanda afinyelela ku-15 azobekwa khona kamuva. Iqanda ngalinye linesisindo esingu-80-150 g ubukhulu ukuya kuma-5 cm. Ubukhulu bamaqanda buxhomekeka kohlobo lokubhalisiwe.
Isigaxa esifaka amaqanda
Insikazi iyakwazi ukumba imbobo engaphezulu kwemithathu bese igcwalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho bagcwala umhlaba owembiwe. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ukugcwala, okukuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama odingekayo.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamafudu asasa kwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, ngokuvamile azalwa emvuleni.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nesomiso isikhathi eside, isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi singandiswa size sifinyelele ezinyangeni eziyi-8. Ngaphandle kwemvula, izimfudu ngeke zikwazi ukukhetha ukugqwala komhlaba ominyene. Izinsana ezizelwe zinesisindo esingaba ngu-100 g ubude obungadluli kuma-6 cm. Emini, amafudu ahlangana emashalofini, aphume ayojabulela utshani obuluhlaza ebusuku. Kungemva kweminyaka eyi-10-15, ufudu ekugcineni luguqula indawo yalo yokuhlala lube ukucebile kokudla. Ubulili bunganqunywa kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15 yokuphila. Umuntu ulungele ukuzalaniswa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, ekudingisweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi eside - eminyakeni engama-20-25.
Incwadi ebomvu
Izizathu zokuthi ufudu luwele encwadini ebomvu -okwehla kwenani lezinhlobo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okungenamsoco. Ngakho-ke ngekhulu le-19, ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwezimila yizimbuzi zasendle, esiqhingini sasePinta cishe akukho kudla okwashiyelwa izimfudu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-70s, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zaziyizisulu zabazingeli ngenxa yokuhamba kancane nokuhamba kwazo kancane, ngenxa yalokho, inani lehle kakhulu. Uhlobo lokugcina lwatholakala esiqhingini ngo-1972, ochwepheshe banikela ngawo wonke amandla abo okuthola inzalo babuyela esimweni semvelo. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu.
Iminyaka emingaki iphila
Elephant turtle life span endle, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe iminyaka eyikhulu, ngenkathi kuthunjiwe, isikhathi sokuphila singaba yiminyaka engu-140-150. Kwaqoshwa umuntu ophila isikhathi eside ogama lakhe linguHarriet, owashona eneminyaka engu-170 e-zoo yase-Australia.
Umnotho
Igama lesiLatin - UChelonoidis nigra
Igama lesiNgisi - Isiqhingi esikhulu sase-Island, ufudu olukhulu lwaseGalapagos
Isigaba - Izirhubhu noma izirhubuluzi (i-Reptilia)
Oda - ama-Turtles (eChelonia)
Umndeni - ama-Tur Turki (iTestudinidae)
I-genus - izimfudu zomhlaba waseMelika (eChelonoidis)
Isimo sokuLondolozwa
Ngokwesimo sezemvelo samazwe omhlaba, ufudu lwendlovu - uhlobo lwezinhlobo zeziqhingi ze-Galapagos Islands - lubhekisele ezinhlanzini ezisengozini - IUCN (VU).
Isibalo salezi ziphuphu sehlile sisuka ku-250,000 ngekhulu le-16 saya ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lesi-3,000 ngeminyaka yo-1970. Izizathu ezibalulekile zokuncipha okubukhali yilezi: 1) Abathumbi basolwandle babamba izimfudu ukuze zisetshenziselwe “njengokuphilayo ukudla okusemathinini”, 2) ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo, 3) ukungenisa izilwane ezingabazi kuzo - amagundane, izimbuzi, izingulube, izinja eziqanjiwe. Kuma-subspecies angama-15 okuqala ezimpofana zezindlovu, ayishumi kuphela asindile njengamanje.
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zathathwa ukusindisa okofudu lwendlovu, ikakhulukazi ukuyizala ekudingisweni, kwalandelwa ukukhululwa kube yimvelo eziqhingini ezihambisanayo. Njengamanje, zonke iziQhingi zaseGalapagos zivikelekile, kanti nokuvikelwa koofudu bezindlovu kukhona ngokuphelele.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 inani lezimpungushe zezindlovu selisondele ku-20,000, kodwa izinhlobo zisalokhu zisesigabeni “esisengozini”.
Buka futhi ndoda
Emvelweni, ufudu lwendlovu cishe alunazo izitha, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwembangela yazo zonke izinkathazo zalesi silwane esimangalisayo ngumuntu. Enye yezizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha okubukhali kwenani ngisho nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwalolu hlobo lwenhlobo kungukuthathwa kwamafudu asetshenziswa njengokudla okuphilayo okwenziwe ngamakhekhe. Amatilosi aseYurophu abamba izimfudu azifaka emaphethelweni emikhumbi yawo, lapho izimfudu zahlala khona izinyanga eziningana ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla, zabe sezidliwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, cishe izimfudu zezindlovu ezingaba ngu-200,000 zabhujiswa kanjalo.
Manje izimfudu zezindlovu eziQithini zeGalapagos azivikelwe nje. Eziqhingini lapho kugcinwa khona leziinjuba, ungahamba kuphela nomhlahlandlela noma umsebenzi wepaki kazwelonke bese uhamba ngokuqinile ezindleleni ezibekiwe.
Kusukela ngo-1959, isiteshi sokucwaninga sikaCharles Darwin besisebenza esiqhingini saseSanta Cruz, lapho, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yokulondolozwa kwezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukile kulesi siqhingi, zitadisha futhi sizalele izimfudu zezindlovu. Ngasikhathi sinye, okucatshangelwa izilwane, kubhekwe nazo, ngoba isiqhingi ngasinye sesiqhingi sineziphephelo zaso. Ama-turtles asemancane akhule ngosayizi othile, bese ekhishwa abe yimvelo. Uma ngasizathu simbe ukunqunyelwa kwefudu kungaziwa, lo muntu akahlanganyeli ekukhiqizweni kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi abazami nje ukubuyisa isibalo sofudu lwendlovu, kodwa futhi nokulondolozela ubumbano bezilo zesiqhingi ngasinye.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Izindlovu zezindlovu zihlala kuphela eziqhingini zeGalapagos Islands, i.e. yizinhlobo zemvelo ezingapheli. Abanqobi baseSpain, abathola lezi ziqhingi ngekhulu le-16 leminyaka futhi bathola lezi zidalwa ezinkulu lapho, banika lezi ziqhingi igama elithi Spanish galapago, okusho ufudu. Ngakho-ke ekuhumusheni okungokoqobo kweGalapagos - iziqhingi zezifudu.
Ukubukeka
Ufudu lwendlovu lukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwamafudu asemhlabeni wanamuhla, isisindo sawo singafinyelela ku-400 kg, futhi ubude bawo bungaphezu kuka-1,8 m.
Ezincwadini ezihlukile zokufakazelwa kwendlovu, kunomehluko ngosayizi nokwakheka kwegobolondo - ikhathuni. Ngalesi sisekelo, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ayi-2: 1) eziqhingini ezincane ezomile, izimfudu zincane ngegobolondo elifana nehhashi. Imilenze yabo yinde futhi inciphile. Isisindo sabesifazane sifinyelela kuma-27 kg, abesilisa - kuze kube ngu-54 kg. 2) eziqhingini ezinkulu ezinesimo sezulu esinomswakama kakhudlwana kanye nezimila eziningi, amafudu makhulu, amagobolondo awo aphakeme futhi alawulwa. Umehluko osayizi besifazane nabesilisa awukhulunywa kanjalo.
Ukungabikho kwabazidlayo esiqhingini kuholele ekutheni igobolondo lefudu lendlovu livulekile ngaphambili. Ngenxa yaleli gobolondo, izimfudu zingafinyelela ngisho kumagatsha akude angakadliwa ezinye izilwane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi "ukuvuleka" okunjalo kwegobolondo kufaka umoya omncane wokufaka umoya ngaphakathi kwezimo zokuphila ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo
Izindlovu zezindlovu ziyizilwane ezi-herbivorous. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko ngamakhambi nezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimfudu zingadla izitshalo ezinobuthi ngaphandle kokuzilimaza, zingatholakali ngokuphelele kwamanye amakhambi. Kwesinye isikhathi izimfudu “eceleni komgwaqo” ziyakwazi ukumbamba ama-rodent bese ziyidla ngokuzithandela.
Izimfudu zezindlovu azivamile ukuphuza, zinokuqukethwe okugcwele ngamazolo nokuncipha kwezitshalo, zingakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi izinyanga ezi-6.
Impilo e-zoo
Kwi-zoo yethu manje phile izimpungushe ezi-4 (mhlawumbe ngababili). Zonke zingezindawo ezingaphansi koCh.nigra porteri - ufudu lwendlovu emnyama noma yeSantacrus. Bazalelwa e-USA ngonyaka we-1992 besuka kubazali abahlukile abavela eziqhingini zaseGalapagos ngokohlelo lwe-inter-zoo lokufuya izilwane ezingandile ekudingisweni. Bafike eMoscow besuka eBrookfield Zoo eChicago. Imizamo yokuphindana okuphindaphindwe kabili ibikiwe, kepha akukaze kube khona ukuzalanisa kwangempela.
Ehlobo, lezi zimfudu zingabonakala ekhejini elivulekile eduze ne-terrarium, bese kuthi ebusika, kuthathwe iqhude elilodwa eTerrarium, kuthi owesibili kube seZinyoni naseButterflies pavilion.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwamahobhe aqukethe inani elikhulu lokudla kwezitshalo (cishe ama-12 kg ebusika nama-16 kg ehlobo (iklabishi, izaqathi, izithelo, ulethisi, utshani, imishanelo, njll.) Ne-1 kg yokudla kwezilwane (inyama, amaqanda, inhlanzi).
Abantu nezindlovu
Ngo-1535, abaseSpain bathola isiqhingi oLwandle iPacific, amakhilomitha angama-972 entshonalanga ne-Ecuador. Kwakunamafudu amakhulu amakhulu eziqhingini zawo kangangokuba athi yiGalapagos Islands (iSpanish: Galpago - "ufudu lwamanzi"). Ngalezo zinsuku, inani labo lalingaphezu kwama-250,000 abantu.
Ngokwerekhodi labahambi baleyo minyaka, izidalwa ezinkulu ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-400 kg nobude obungu-180 cm ngaleso sikhathi zazingajwayelekile.
AbaseSpain baqala ukuzisebenzisa kuqala njengokudla okusemathinini, kwathi kamuva bathola uwoyela ufudu, osetshenziselwa ukwelapha nezithambiso zokwakha isikhumba. Lapho kubhujiswa izimfudu zezindlovu, amapirates ahlukaniswa ngokukhethekile, okwathi emakhathini we-XVII-XVIII ayenezisekelo zawo eziningi esiqhingini esikhulu. Ngekhulu le-19, abomnkantsha ababulala abesifazane abeza ukuzobeka iqanda babangela ukulimala okukhethekile kubantu.
Eziqhingini zaseGalapagos, kwavela izinja ezingamampunge, izingulube namakati, zidla izimfudu ezincane. Izimbongolo, izimbuzi namagundane kulethwa kulezi ziqhingi konakalisa izidleke zamakhaza. Ama-herbivores aphindisela abantu abadala ukuba babulawa yindlala, kwesinye isikhathi baququda uhlaza oluncane.
Ngo-1974, kwakukhona izimfudu zezindlovu ezingama-3,060 kuphela. Ukuze ulondoloze umbono, kwakhiwa isiteshi sesayensi esiqhingini saseSanta Cruz, abasebenzi baso abaqoqa amaqanda ufudu, bese kamuva bekhipha izingane ezincane. Ngenxa yemizamo eyenziwe, ngasekupheleni konyaka we-2009 inani labo labangu-19,317.
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos zingezase-Ecuador. Esiqhingini esingagcinwanga siqhingi, uhulumeni wase-Ecuadori wakwenqabela ukuthathwa kwezimpofana zezindlovu ngo-1934, kwathi ngo-1959 zasungula iPaki Kazwelonke. Ukufuya kwabo okwenziwe ngobuciko kwaqala ngo-1965. Ezisuswini eziyisishiyagalombili ezibanjiwe, izazi zebhayoloji zaqoqa iqulu lokuqala lamaqanda ngosizo lwe-incubator zathola “izimfudu” zokuqala.
Ukuziphatha
Izinduna zeNdlovu zihola indlela yokuphila yasemini. Zithanda ukubutha ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangama-20-30 nama-bask ezindaweni ezome ilanga.
Ngesikhathi esomile, amafudu ashiya izindawo eziphansi futhi akhuphuke akhuphuke ecebile ezimila kuzo. Ngenkathi yemvula, behlela emuva ezindaweni eziphansi ezifudumele, ezimbozwe ngotshani obomile.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihamba ngezindlela ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye isizukulwane, zihlela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba zikudle, ziphumule noma zibhukude. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ufudu ngezikhathi ezithile luphakamisa ikhanda lazo ukuze libuke nxazonke.
Ufudu lwendlovu lubalekela kumakhilomitha amane ngosuku.
Ngokufika kokuhlwa, izidalwa ezihubhayo zifihla emgodini phansi noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Zizizwa zingcono odakeni oluwuketshezi noma echibini elilingene. Ubusuku kulezi ziqhingi buyabanda, ngakho-ke ukushisa ezitolo ezinjengalezi kuthatha isikhathi eside.
I-delicacy eyintandokazi yama-giants yinyama ebabayo yamapere egreyidi. Lapho sesitholile isithelo esihlwabusayo noma iqabunga elijabulisayo, lesi silwanyana esidliwayo siyakubamba ngesihlakala saso futhi sikulume. Okokuqala, izingcezu ze-fetus zinqunywa ngomlomo obukhali, bese zihlanganiswa yimihlathi nolimi olunamanzi.
Esikhathini esomile, lapho umswakama unzima kakhulu ukuthola, ufudu lukhipha amanzi ngokudla i-cacti. Izindawo ezinkulu zesomiso ziyakuvumela ukusinda lapho kunesomiso, okuthi uma sehlukaniswa, kunikeze umzimba ngamanzi.
Ngobungozi obuncane, ufudu lufihla emithanjeni yakhona, ukudweba emaxekeni alo, entanyeni nasemakhanda. Imilenze ye-Bent yangaphambili imboza ikhanda, kuthi izinyawo zemilenze yangemuva zimboze igebe phakathi kweplasitron ne-carapace.
Habitat
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izimpungushe zaseGalapagos ngokwemvelo yiziqhingi zaseGalapagos, ezigezwa ngamanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific, igama lazo lihumusha ngokuthi "iTurtle Island". IGalapagos ingatholakala nase-Indian Ocean - esiqhingini sase-Aldabra, kodwa lapho lezi zilwane zingafiki ngobukhulu obukhulu.
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Izimfudu zeGalapagos ziphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima - ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo eziqithini kukhona izimila ezimbalwa kakhulu. Ngokuhlala kwabo, bakhetha izindawo eziphansi nezihlahla ezigcwele izikhala, kufana nokufihla izihlahla ezingaphansi kwezihlahla. Ama-Giants akhetha ukugeza ngamanzi odaka izinqubo zamanzi; lokhu, lezi zidalwa ezinhle zifuna izimbobo ezinezihlambi ezinamanzi futhi zizingcwabele lapho ngomzimba wazo ophansi.
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Izici nendlela yokuphila
Zonke izidalwa zasemini ezifihlayo zitholakala emathangeni futhi empeleni azishiyi izindawo zazo zokuhlala. Kusebusuku kuphela abaphuma bayohambahamba. Ebumnyameni, izimfudu cishe azisizi ngalutho, ngoba ukuzwa kwazo nombono wazo kuncishisiwe.
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Ngenkathi yemvula noma isomiso, izimfudu zeGalapagos zingasuka endaweni ethile ziye kwenye. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abazimele bavame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu abantu abangama-20-30, kepha ngisho naseqoqweni linye baxhumana kancane futhi bahlala ngokwehlukana. Abazalwane banesithakazelo kubo kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala.
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Isikhathi sokutshala siwela ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, ukubekwa kweqanda - ehlobo. By the way, kwavela igama lesibili kulezi zilwane ezineziloba ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokufuna ingxenye yesibili, abesilisa benza imisindo ethile yesibeletho, efana nokubhonga kwendlovu. Ukuthola okhethiweyo wakhe, owesilisa uyamhlunga ngawo onke amandla akhe nge-carapace yakhe, futhi uma lokho kuhamba kungasasebenzi, uyamluma nangemilenze engezansi kuze kube yilapho intokazi yenhliziyo ilala phansi futhi idonsa emilenzeni yayo, ngaleyo ndlela evula ukufinyelela emzimbeni wakho.
Ukulala amaqanda izindlovu zoNdlovu emigodini ekwembiwe ngokukhethekile, ebekweni elilodwa kungafinyelela amaqanda angama-20 asayizi webhola le-tennis. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amafudu angakwazi ukuzala kabili ngonyaka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-100-120, amawundlu okuqala aqala ukuphuma emaqanda, ngemuva kokuzalwa, isisindo sawo asidluli kumagremu angama-80. Ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela eminyakeni yokufikisa eneminyaka engama-20-25, kepha ukukhula okunjalo akuyona inkinga, kusukela lapho isikhathi sokuphila kweziqhwaga - iminyaka eyi-100 kuya kwengu-122.
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Isifufula saseGalapagos.
Ufudu lweGalapagos lungenye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu kakhulu zefudu lwasemhlabeni: ubude bayo bokubekisa bufinyelela ku-122 cm ngesisindo somzimba esifinyelela kuma-300 kg. Emiphakathini eyahlukene yendlovu yemfudu, kunomehluko omkhulu ngosayizi nokwakheka kwegobolondo. Kunokucatshangwa ukuthi i-carapace ebunjiwe njengesihlalo somdalo ivumela izimfudu ukuthi zihlasele uhlaza obukhulu futhi ziphephe lapho.
Izindlovu tur tur mate mate nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha zinezindawo eziphakeme zonyaka zokuzibandakanya kwezocansi. Izinsikazi zigcina amaqanda angama-22 acishe abe yisiyingi, esinobubanzi obungu-5-6 cm nobunzima obungu-70 g.
Ngemuva kokutholakala kweGalapagos ngabantu baseYurophu, izimfudu zezindlovu zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngabathumbi ngokuthi "ukudla okuphilayo okusemathinini" - zabekwa zaphila emigqonyeni, lapho bezingaba khona izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla. Uma kuqhathaniswa namarekhodi omagazini abathunyelwa ngomkhumbi, kuphela abangu-79 abayimilwaze iminyaka engama-36 maphakathi nekhulu le-19 abasusa izimfudu eziyi-10 373 esiqhingini. Sekukonke, emakhulwini eminyaka i-XVII-XVIII, njengoba kugcina umlando, kufakazela ukuthi izimpungushe zezindlovu ezifika kwizigidi eziyi-10, ngaphezu kwalokho, eziqhingini zaseCharles naseBarington, zanyamalala ngokuphelele, kanti kwezinye zacishe zafa.
Indlovu ufudu
Isifufula esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ufudu lwendlovu. Uyabizwa futhi Isifufula saseGalapagosngoba ingukuphela kweziqhingi zaseGalapagos. Lesi isiqhingi sentaba-mlilo esisendaweni engasempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean 970 km ukusuka ogwini lwe-Ecuador. Iqukethe iziqhingi ezinkulu eziyi-13. Kepha izimfudu ezinkulu zihlala ku-7 kuphela. EYurophu, zafundwa ngabo ngekhulu le-16, lapho iziqhingi zitholwa ngabanqobi baseSpain.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Inqubo yokuzalanisa yenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa inezikhuphuka ezithile zonyaka ezenzeka ngoFebhuwari - Juni futhi zihambisana nesikhathi semvula. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bahlela ukulwa kusiko. Bashayisana bodwa, bema ngemilenze yabo yangasemuva, belule izintamo zabo, bavule imilomo. Ngasikhathi sinye, owesilisa onosayizi abancane uyabuya futhi unikeza ilungelo lokulingana kulowo omkhulu.
Izindawo ezingama-Nesting zitholakala ogwini olunesihlabathi esomile. Izinsikazi zilungiselela izidleke zamaqanda ngokumba isihlabathi ngemilenze yazo engemva. Izinsuku eziningana bamba izimbobo eziyindilinga nge-cm amasentimitha angama-30. Amaqanda abekwa ezidlekeni ezinjalo. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda ayi-16. Zinesimo esiyindilinga, futhi ngosayizi iqanda lihambisana nebhola le-billiard. Phezu kwamaqanda, insikazi ifaka isihlabathi esimanzi nomchamo wayo. Emva kwalokhu kushiya ubumbano ukuze lufake. Esikhathini sonyaka, insikazi ingagibela kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4 imichilo.
Izinga lokushisa libaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa ngaphakathi. Uma liphansi, lapho-ke abesilisa abaningi bayabhekabheka, futhi uma liphezulu, ke kuzalwa abesifazane ikakhulu. Amajuba amancane ashiya izidleke zawo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4-8. Zinesisindo esingu-50 g ngobude bomzimba obungu-6 cm. Amawundlu abambekayo kufanele akhasa phezulu. Bayaphumelela uma umhlaba umanzi. Kepha uma womile futhi lukhuni, kufe izimpungushe zezindlovu ezincane.
Ukusinda kwentsha kukhula ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10-15. Ikhula ngokobulili eminyakeni engama-20-25. Endle, ufudu lwendlovu seluhlale iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Kepha ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-150. Esidume kakhulu ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwakuyisifofane okuthiwa nguHarriet. Washona ngo-2006 e-zoo yase-Australia. Ngesikhathi sokufa, iminyaka yakhe yayingama-170.
Ufudu oluhlala isikhathi eside
Lowo obambe amarekhodi isikhathi eside uthathwa njengesihlwathi sendlovu uGarietta, owalethwa eGalapagos Islands weza eBrithani nguCharles Darwin ngonyaka we-1835. Ufudu lwaluwusayizi wepuleti, ngakho-ke banquma ukuthi lwazalwa ngo-1830.
Ngo-1841, wafika eBrisbane Botanic Garden e-Australia. Kusukela ngo-1960, ubehlala e-Zoo yase-Australia. NgoNovemba 15, 2005, abantu base-Australia bagubha usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe ngo-175. Isisindo "sengane" esingu-150 kg.
NgoJuni 23, 2006, owesifazane owaphila isikhathi eside washona ngokuzumayo ngemuva kokugula isikhashana ngenxa yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.