I-Mink isidlova esincane esivela emndenini we-marten, okubenza bahlobane nama-martens, ama-otter, amabhathini kanye ne-ferrets. Izimbungulu zithanda ukuzinza ngasogwini lwemifula kanye namachibi amakhulu, ngoba isisekelo sokudla kwazo yinhlanzi, amasele kanye no-crayfish. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane azideleli izinduku ezincane nezinyoni.
Njengokuhlala, lesi silwane sisebenzisa imbobo ebunjiwe ngesandla saso, noma abantu esingabazi. Isibonelo, ukugoqwa kwesigaxa esilahliwe, igundane lamanzi, noma umgodi wesihlahla esisekude echibini kulungele le ndima.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa igama elithi mink - i-mink yaseMelika kanye ne-European mink. Lezi zihlobo ezisondelene, kepha nokho ezihlukile zezilwane. Zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka, zihola indlela efanayo yokuphila, kepha endle azihlanganisi, futhi ngenxa yalokho izimbangi zemvelo zomunye nomunye.
I-European mink
Izimbungungu zaseYurophu zinomzimba omude obunjiwe kanye nemilenze emifushane enamandla. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile buyi-35-40 cm futhi bunesisindo esingaphansi kwe-1 kg. Ngokubheka umsila, ubude bude bufika ku-60 cm. Emilenzeni kukhona ulwelwesi oluhlukanisayo, olulula ukuzingela endaweni yasemanzini. Isikhumba simbozwe ngoboya obukhulu nge undercoat ewugqinsi, engenzi ukuthi imanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane ziyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi, kufaka phakathi amanzi abandayo. Ijazi linemibala ikakhulukazi nsundu emnyama. Isici esibonakalayo futhi siyindawo yobuso obumhlophe, sibonga ukuthi i-mink esithombeni ihlala ibukeka ihlekisa kakhulu.
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-mink yaseYurophu yayisakazeke cishe kuyo yonke iYurophu, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho nentshonalanga eseningizimu. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, indawo yokuhlala yayo inciphise esifundeni saseVologda nase-Arkhangelsk, kanye nezindawo ezincane ezivalekile eSpain, eRomania kanye naseBaltic.
Izizathu zokunyamalala kwalesi silwane kusuka ebangeni laso lomlando kuhlala kungacaci, ngoba akukho mqondo owodwa kule akhawunti othole isiqinisekiso esifanele. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni nokwanda kwe-mink yaseMelika eYurophu kubhebhethekise ukuqothulwa kwe "European", kepha bekungezona izizathu zokuqala zale nqubo.
Mink yaseMelika
WaseMelika mink ubukeka ofana kakhulu nomzala wakhe waseYurophu, kepha ngofuzo useduze kwamabhubesi kanye nama-martens. Kukholakala ukuthi ama- "American" kanye "nabaseYurophu" bavela njengezinhlobo ngokuzimela (okungukuthi, abaveli kukhokho), futhi ukufana kwangaphandle kuwumphumela wokuvela kwezimo zokuphila ezifanayo.
Ubude bomzimba we- "American" bufika ku-60 cm, futhi kucatshangelwa umsila - 90 cm. Isisindo somuntu omdala sehluke kusuka ku-2-3 kg. Izimbungulu zokubhukuda azithuthukiswanga kahle, kepha isembozo soboya sikhulu kakhulu kunaleso "sifazane baseYurophu" futhi sipendwe ngombala omnyama no grey. Ngokwengeziwe usayizi, umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-mink yaseMelika ne-mink yaseYurophu umbala wobuso: i- "American" inezindebe eziphansi nezimbobo ezimhlophe kuphela, kanti elithi "European" linobuso bonke mhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala komlando yalesi zinhlobo yiNyakatho Melika. AmaMinks ahlala ¾ ezwenikazi: awekho kuphela enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCanada, eningizimu-nentshonalanga ye-USA, eMexico kanye namazwe ase-Isthmus ePanama. Ngenkathi ukuqala komkhiqizo wezolimo woboya bezimboni kuqala ngekhulu lama-20, ama-minks aseMelika alethwa eYurophu nase-USSR ukuze azalwe ukuze kutholakale uboya obukhulu. Abantu ababededelwa ngasikhathi sinye basheshe banda futhi bathatha i-niche yendalo eyakhulula ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kwe-European mink. Namuhla, amaMelika "atholakala" yonke indawo enyakatho ye-Europe nasenyakatho ye-Asia, kanye naseJapan.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nemikhuba ye "American" imvamisa ifana ne-European mink, kepha ngenxa yomzimba wayo omkhulu, bangaphanga izinyamazane ezincane nezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, umuskrat kanye nenkukhu.
Mink wasekhaya
Kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-19, kwenziwa imizamo emikhulu yokubulala ama-minks. Kuphela lapho ukuzingela uboya kuphelile ukwanelisa isidingo esikhulayo soboya, iminko kanye nezinye izilwane zoboya kwaba yinto yokulima yezilwane. I-boom yangempela yaqala ngekhulu lama-20 e-USSR, eyayihambisana nokwakhiwa kwamapulazi amakhulu ezilwane, lapho, phakathi kokunye, i-mink yaseMelika yaqala ukwenziwa.
Ukuthandwa kwe-mink yaseMelika ekufuyeni uboya kwanikezwa ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane sinikeza uboya obungcono futhi obuhle. Namuhla, kanye neRussia, ukuzalaniswa kwe-mink kwenziwa kakhulu eScandinavia naseCanada. Futhi yize ukufuya kwezilwane kutholakala nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, akukho ukukhiqizwa okumbala lapho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu futhi ebizayo inikezwa yizilwane ezitshalwe ezindaweni ezibandayo. Emhlabeni, ama-mink aseRussia, aseCanada nawaseScandinavia ayaziswa kakhulu.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, ama-mink futhi asetshenziswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Esikhundleni samakati nezinja ezinesithukuthezi, ama-mink aqala ukuvela ezindlini nasezindlini ezizimele. Ngabo bonke ubumnandi nokuzijabulisa kwalesi silwane, akahambanga ngendlela ende yokukhethwa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuhlalisana kwabantu, njengamakati nezinja ezifanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-minks angakhuleliswa kakhulu, alethe ubunzima obukhulu ekugcinweni kwasekhaya, ahambisane kabi nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
Ama-mink athambekele ekulaleleni umnikazi oyedwa kuphela, anganaki noma abe nobutha kwamanye amalungu omndeni, ingasaphathwa eyabantu abeza ukuvakasha. Ngisho nezinsizi, futhi ezingekho kude nasendle, ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezilalelayo kakhulu futhi ezinobungane.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ama-mink awakulungele ngokuphelele ukulondolozwa kwasekhaya. Uma uthatha iminyane ekuqaleni konyaka ubudala futhi wenza yonke imizamo yokuyifundisa kusukela ekuqaleni, angaba ngumuntu onempilo enhle, ojabule futhi olalelayo ekhaya.
Mink: ukunakekelwa kwezilwane nokunakekelwa kwezilwane
Njengesilwane esifuywayo, ungagcina i-mink yaseYurophu naseMelika. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi "i-European" iyinhlobo eyinqaba futhi ifakwe ohlwini lwe-Red Book, ama-minks aseMelika ajwayelekile.
Ngokuvamile, ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwe-mink efulethini akuhlukile kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-ferret. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ama-mink athanda inkululeko futhi akubona okuqukethwe esitokisini kubi kakhulu. Lesi silwane silula ngokwanele ukujwayela ugqoko, futhi ekudleni asikhethi neze. Ngokuvamile, i-mink isuthiswa ngezingxube zerayisi noma nge-buckwheat porridge nenyama nengulube. Noma iyiphi inyama izolingana: izinkukhu, inhlanzi, inyama yenkomo, ingulube. Ukusetshenziswa kokudla sekati okwenziwe ngomumo nakho kuvunyelwe.
Njengoba ama-minks ene-metabolism esheshayo, ayasebenza futhi ayasebenza. I-Intanethi igcwele ividiyo, lapho ama-mink frolics kanye nokukhohlisa. Lesi isilwane esihlekisayo ngempela nesihlekisayo, ngakho-ke ukuze sinciphise ukulimala efulethini udinga ukuhlinzeka "inkundla yokudlala" encane yesilo esisefulethini. Kuyalulekwa kakhulu ukuthi usikhiphe njalo isilwane lapho uhamba.
Ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukulungela iqiniso lokuthi, ngenkathi ungekho ekhaya, isilwane siyozibeka ngokukhululekile izinto zakho lapho futhi ngesimo esimlungele ngaso. Izinzipho ezibukhali nomzimba oguquguqukayo kuvumela i-mink ukukhuphuka noma kuphi, kufaka nezindawo lapho uqobo lungasakwazi ukuphuma. Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokungabikho kwakhe, kungcono ukuvala isilwane ekhephini elivulekile noma indiza.
Izimbungulu zinothando olukhulu lwamanzi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlinzeka isilwane okungenani ngokulingisa kwedamu - ubheseni noma okugeza okuncane komuntu. Ngale njabulo, mink izokubonga kakhulu kuwe.
Njengamahele, ama-mink anephunga elihlukile. Akunakwenzeka ukuyiqeda ngokuphelele, kepha ukuyicoca njalo "esidlekeni", kungancishiswa kakhulu. Ukuze ulondoloze impilo ye-mink yasekhaya, kufanele igonywe ngezikhathi ezithile (ikakhulukazi uma iminkinki ihamba njalo emgwaqweni) bese iyishwabulula.
Imithetho eyi-10 yokuqukethwe kwe-mink yasekhaya
Abafisa ukuthola ukubuyekezwa kwe-mink yasekhaya namathiphu avela kubantu abanolwazi nakanjani bazokuthola usizo:
- Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthatha i-mink njenge-puppy (cishe inyanga eyodwa ubudala) futhi ungcono kunowesilisa, njengoba abesifazane benolaka kakhulu. Ukuthatha isilwane ekhaya, udinga ukuzibandakanya njalo ekukhulisweni kwakhe. Uma iningi losuku lapho usemsebenzini, isilwane siyoshiyelwa kumadivayisi waso futhi isilwane sakho ngeke sisebenze kuso.
- Iphunga lesilwane lithintwa yikhwalithi yokudla. Khetha isidlo se-mink lapho iphunga lincane.
- Ngesikhathi sokuzala, umama ancibilika ngokuzimela aphuma ku-estrus, ngakho-ke izintokazi akufuneki ukuba zenze inzalo. Abesilisa abasesigabeni sokumakisha bayibeka uphawu ngokuqinile le ndawo futhi bavame ukuzibandakanya ekubhujisweni - baklebhula iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, bachitha i-linoleum kanye nefenisha eyonakalisayo. Izinyathelo zokufundisa azisizi ngalutho lapha, kuphela inzalo.
- Izinki azikuthandi okuqukethwe okusezitokisini. Kepha njengoba umuntu engeke akwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo nhlobo, kungcono ukukhetha kuqala ikheji elivulekile kakhulu lapho isilwane ngeke sigcwale khona.
- Ama-mink akuthanda kakhulu ukuhamba nge-leash uma bekujwayele kusukela ebuntwaneni.
- I-mink ihlangana kahle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, kufaka phakathi amanye ama-mink. Ngasikhathi sinye, isilwane siqinile futhi sinolaka, futhi ngenxa yalokho singakhubazeka ikati noma inja encane.
- Futhi, i-mink akufanele iyiswe endlini lapho kunezingane ezincane. Indlela izingane eziphatha ngayo izilwane ezifuywayo yaziwa kahle. Kepha ngokungafani nenja noma ikati, i-mink ngeke ikukhuthazelele ukuhlukunyezwa, kodwa ngokushesha izoqala ukuluma. Futhi uluma ngesihluku esikhulu.
- Ukujwayela ukucija ithayela akunzima kangako ukwedlula ikati. Kepha, ngeshwa, abantu abaningi bakhuthele ukumaka insimu nomchamo. Uma ungakulungele ukuhlanza igumbi nsuku zonke kusuka "ezimayini" ezibekiwe, kungcono ukuthi ungaqali i-mink.
- I-Mink isilwane esingena ndlela futhi esizimele. Leli akuyona ikati, elingatholwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi ligwinywe uze ukhathale. UMink ungena ezandleni zakhe kuphela inkululeko yakhe yokuzikhethela.
- Amathuba okuthi, ngokugcina yonke imithetho yokukhulisa nokubopha i-mink, isilwane esibi nesingenamusa usazokhula kuso, siphakeme impela. Ama-Minks awazange adlule ekukhetheni kwenkulungwane lapho abantu bahola ngamabomu nezinja ezilalelayo nezinobungane. Ngakho-ke, lungela iqiniso lokuthi isilwane esithathwe ekhameni kungenzeka singabi umngane wakho.
Mink like a isilwane furry
I-Mink ingenye yezilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu zoboya ezifuywe ekudingisweni. "Inikela" isabelo sebhubesi soboya obusetshenziswa ukuthunga izingubo kanye neminye imikhiqizo yoboya. Wonke umuntu wezwa inkulumo ethi "ijazi lokuxubha" ne "Pyatigorsk mink". Lokhu kumayelana nalezi zilwane.
Namuhla, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ama-mink ahlinzeka cishe ngama-70-80% wezidingo zoboya emhlabeni. Isabelo esikhulu kangaka semakethe singenxa yokuthi kuzo zonke izilwane ezithwele uboya, ama-mink ahamba phambili ekudingisweni. Ukudalwa kwepulazi le-mink fur ngokuyisisekelo akuhlukile kakhulu kunhlangano yanoma yiliphi elinye ibhizinisi lokulima imfuyo. Lapha, umsebenzi oyinhloko wosomabhizinisi uyefana - ukudala izimo ezijwayelekile zezilwane ezinkanjini zezilwane, ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-minks nobaba kanye nomama ukukhiqizwa kwezingane, ukusungula uhlelo lokubulala izilwane nokumaketha imikhiqizo eseqediwe. Akunazinkinga ngalokhu okugcina, ngoba isibalo se-furs siphezulu kakhulu.
Isici esikhulu kanye nomehluko we-mink ovela kwezinye izilwane zezolimo ukuthi akuyona i-herbivores, kodwa izitha ezidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke udinga ukubondla hhayi ngezinhlamvu notshani, kodwa nenyama. Futhi, usomabhizinisi ofuna ukuvula ipulazi le-fur kufanele akhumbule ukuthi izici zomkhiqizo wezikhumba (ama-furs) zihlobene ngqo nendawo yezulu lapho izilwane zikhule khona. Uma usiya enyakatho, uthola nezilwane ezimnyama futhi ezifudumele zoboya. Ngokufanelekile, ipulazi le-mink elise esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk noma eMurmansk liyohlala linenzuzo enkulu kunepulazi elivela eRostov noma e-Astrakhan.
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zoboya besikhumba
Emapulazini oboya baseRussia nakwamanye amazwe, u-mink kuphela wase-America uyabiwa, ngoba unikeza izikhumba ezikhulu ngoboya bezinga elingcono. Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziphambili zalesi silwane:
- I-mink yesiliva-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuthumba mink. Isamba sawo singama-40% wemfuyo yomhlaba (ngaphandle kwezimbumbulu zasendle).
- Umbala onsundu omnyama. Endaweni yesibili ngokuya ngezinombolo. Kwakha cishe ingxenye yesithathu yemfuyo yomhlaba. Onke amanye amaqembu anemibala ye-minks asuselwa kwisisekelo sokuguqulwa nokunqamula kwaleli qembu.
- Mink omnyama noma indiza. Ukuguqulwa okuguqukayo okuvelele okwenziwe eCanada kuma-60s eminyaka edlule.
- ISapphire Mink. I-Hybrid ye-Aleutian ne-silver mlue. Unombala obhemayo "oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka".
- I-pastel mink. Ifana nembala onsundu ngombala, kepha uboya bayo bucwebezela okwesibhakabhaka futhi buhle buhle kakhulu.
- I-mink emhlophe. Uhlobo olungandile kakhulu lwe-mink olufuywayo eNyakatho Melika. Inika uboya obumhlophe obabaluleke kakhulu.