Cishe kuwo wonke amagceke emadolobheni aseRussia, umuntu angathola imihlambi yezindlunkulu ezincane ezijabulisayo ze-tweeting. Bahlala futhi eduze namadolobhana, amadolobhana, kuvame ukundizela egcekeni ukuze bazondle. Okuhlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinyoni ukuthi zonke zihlala eduze kokuhlala kwabantu. Kodwa bambalwa abayazi ukuthi amapuzzle ajwayelekile angakanani wesundu esincane avela eNyakatho Afrika.
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
Inyoni encane yamapayipi ansundu ansundu ngombala ompunga, omhlophe, omnyama, yanika igama ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-passerines. Kubandakanya nezinyoni ezincane - imicwebezwane, ama-carduelis, ukucula kwama-nightingales, ama-orioles anemibala ekhanyayo, i-kinglet encane emincane (enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-10), kanye nezinqolobane ezibukeka njengondlunkulu - imfoloko emnyama, izimantshi ezithutha, ukulandelana kwama-jackdaws. I-Exotic lyrebird - Inyoni yase-Australia, ebhekwe njengophawu nengcebo yezwe yezwe lonke ngenxa yomsila omude omude wabesilisa, nayo ingeyohlobo lwe-Passerines. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinyoni zepharadesi ezinemibala emihle engajwayelekile, izakhamuzi ezishisayo eziqithini zase-Indonesia, eNew Guinea. Ama-Passeriformes esewonke cishe ama-5000 subspecies.
Izici zokuphila
Isisindo esincane nosayizi undlunkulu kuthola izici ezithile zomzimba nokuziphatha. Ngenxa yomsila omfishane, amaphiko ale nyoni angakwazi ukundiza aze afike engxenyeni yehora. Lesi sici sisetshenziselwe ukulwa nondlunkulu ngo-1958, ngesikhathi saseMao, ngabaseChina. Babecabanga ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinyoni lidla irayisi nezinhlamvu eziningi. Kwaqala ukunyakaza okukhulu kwezinyoni. Besebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemisindo yomsindo, abavunyelwe ukuba bafike imizuzu eyi-15, futhi izinyoni zafa. Isivuno sonyaka wokuqala sikhule impela, kodwa kakade ngonyaka wesibili sacishe sabhujiswa yisikhonyane namacimbi okudlanga kuwo okudlalisa kuwo, okwaholela kwindlala nezigidi zokufa kwamaShayina vele.
Izici zomzimba kondlunkulu:
- isisindo - kuze kufike ku-25 amagremu,
- ubude bezinyoni - 16-18 cm,
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile - 44 ⁰С,
- ishayela lifinyelela ku-860 beats ngomzuzu,
- i-metabolism esheshisiwe (ukudla kugaywa futhi kukhishwe njengodoti emaminithini we-15),
- amapayipi anezimpaphe ezingaba ngu-1300,
- isikhathi sokuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zemvelo siyisilinganiso esifinyelela eminyakeni emibili.
Izinga eliphakeme lenyoni (izikhathi eziphindwe ka-14 kunelabantu) lazala igama elithi "ukuthuthumela njengondlunkulu."
Ondlunkulu bakha inani elikhulu labantu, babalelwa ezigidini ezingaba yizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Sekukonke, ama-ornithologists ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingama-22. Ukubhaliswa okuvame kakhulu emadolobheni nase-brownie.
UBrownie
Ngegama kuyacaca ukuthi lezi zinyoni zihlala eduze komuntu, indlu yakhe. Wonke umuntu uyazi inqwaba yondlunkulu: isifuba esikhanyayo grey nesisu, i-brown back, amaphiko anemivimbo emide. Lezi zinyoni zajwayela impilo yasemadolobheni. Phila emihlambini, isidleke ngamabili. Ebusika, bacasha emakhazeni ngaphansi kophahla lwezinceku, izindlu, amagalaji. Ngokuvamile izidleke zenziwa lapho. Izindlu zezinyoni, amapayipi, izidleke zezinye izinyoni, imigodi yezihlahla, izimbobo zokugwinya zilungele lezi zinhloso. Ngasikhathi sinye, basebenza njengendawo yokukhosela emakhazeni. Ekudleni, undlunkulu wendlu awukhethi, into esemqoka kuye ukusinda ebusika (abantu abaningi bafa). Ukuzala okuhle kusindisa inani labantu - imfuhlumfuhlu emithathu ngesikhathi sonyaka wasentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo (beka amaqanda angama-7 ngesikhathi).
Undlunkulu wendlu usephenduke into ebalulekile ekumeni yasemadolobheni, njengamajuba. Kunenzuzo enkulu ngayo. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ondlunkulu bavame ukudla izinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela okonga amapaki nezingadi.
Izinyoni zobungqingili ziyahluka ngombala weplamu. Owesilisa esifubeni esikhanyayo esiguqukela esinqeni, umphimbo, isifunda se-goiter sidlula indawo emnyama. Umbala weplamu ungwevu ngaphezu kwekhanda lakhe. Kwensikazi, le ndawo ibuye ibe mpunga, ifana nesifuba. Engxenyeni ephezulu, umucu ophuzi ophuzi uyahlukaniswa.
Insimu
Ngokungafani nondlunkulu wasendlini, kungabhekwa njengesihlobo sasendle esiningi. Bahlala emaphethelweni amadolobhana, amadolobhana, amakamela, ezindaweni zokudoba, eduze kwamasimu. Bahlala endaweni ehlala njalo noma bazulazula beyofuna ukudla. Imvamisa endiza ekhaya ukuze uzondle okusele kusuka ezilwaneni ezifuywayo.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinyoni ziyehluka ngokubukeka. Undlunkulu mncane (kufika ku-14 cm). Ngokufana kombala weplamu, insimu yehlukile ngombala wesifuba nekhanda. Unamaphiko ansundu anemivimbo emhlophe emibili. Ibala elimnyama elisesifubeni kwabesilisa ngendlela yothayi omncane lincane ngosayizi kunalowo osebenza naye endlini. Umehluko wombala we-plumage phakathi kwabantu abangabobulili obuhlukile awubizwa kanjalo, kuphela ubukhulu bemibala buhlukile.
Undlunkulu wedolobhana ubulala inani elikhulu lezinambuzane, kepha indiza iye ezingadini nasemasimini ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi bezama ukumesabisa ngokudalula izilwane ezigcwele kanye nezicupho zomsindo.
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela, ukwakhiwa kwesidleke, okuhlala kuze kuphele inyanga, kuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda sendawo yokuhlala.
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
Lezi zinyoni zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Arctic. Yize ondlunkulu behlala phansi, bengandizeli ezintabeni ezifudumele, bayathutha beyofuna izindawo ezintsha abangadla kuzo. Imvamisa balandela ezinyathelweni zabantu ukuya emadolobheni amasha, ezindaweni zokuhlala, emazweni asanda kulinywa. Imizila yokufuduka eSparrow eRussia yafika eKarelia, esifundeni saseMurmansk ngisho nasezifundeni ezithile zaseYakutia.
Ngokuziphatha, le nyoni inomsindo, ihamba njalo, ama-tweets ayo ayabonakala. Ondlunkulu kukhona okungaqondakali emvelweni, imvamisa bahlela ukulwa okuncane kokudla ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngaso leso sikhathi, undlunkulu, obekuthola kuqala ukudla, unikeza isibonakaliso kwabanye. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, kukhona umqaphi emhlambini.
Izinyoni zihlanza amapulamu abo ezinambuzaneni, "ukubhukuda" esihlabathini. Emva kwalokho abukeka engahlanzekile kakhulu, kepha le ndlela isebenza kahle.
Ondlunkulu babhukuda kahle futhi, enkathini eyingozi ebasabisayo, bangacasha esitheni ngamanzi.
Imilenze emifushane ayivumeli inyoni ukuba "ibaleke", ngenxa yalokho ihamba endaweni enzima ngokugxuma.
Izazi zesayensi yezempilo zesibeletho phambilini zazithi ondlunkulu bakha ngababili abahlala njalo. Izifundo zakamuva zofuzo ziyaphikisana nalesi simangalo. Kumawundlu we-clutch eyodwa, amacala angawodwa abonwa lapho kutholakala kuphela uhlobo lwabazali babo.
Umsoco
Okuncane inyoni, ngokushesha metabolism yayo. Sparrow ihamba njalo futhi ifuna ukudla. Ufa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili engadli. Into esemqoka esiza le nyoni ukuphuma amandla ayo.
Ngabe kudlani ondlunkulu? Ukudla kwabo kuyahluka:
- Ukudla kwamaprotheni: izinambuzane ezincane, amacimbi,
- okusanhlamvu, imbewu yezitshalo zamakhambi,
- utshani, imifino, amajikijolo, izithelo.
- izingcezu zenyama, ubhekeni,
- imfucuza yokudla
- imvuthuluka yesinkwa.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi undlunkulu ungabizwa ngokuthi "i-gourmet," ukudla okungakhethi okunjalo kunikeza abantu ukusinda kwamahhala.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ochwepheshe abavumelani ukuthi iminyaka mingaki ophila ondlunkulu. Emvelweni, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandekayo, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo siyahlukahluka kuye kokuya eminyakeni emibili, kepha ekudingisweni bangaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9, amacala aqoshiwe neminyaka eyi-11. Isikhathi kuncike ekunikezelweni kokudla, izimo zezulu zezikhathi ezithile.
Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, ondlunkulu abaningi baqala isikhathi sokuzala nokwakha isidleke. Ondlunkulu bendlu baqala ukuzala kuqala, njengoba emadolobheni amazinga okushisa ephakeme ngamazinga athile.
Ondlunkulu bendlu nabendlu benza izidleke emiseleni ehlukahlukene: izimbobo, imigodi, amatshe, iziqu, ngaphansi kophahla lwezakhiwo, ezihlahleni. Amabili amabhangqwana angakha ikoloni elincane. Izindlebe zenziwa ngamahlamvu otshani, utshani, izimpaphe. Ilayishwe ngezinto ezithambile ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, lo mbhangqwana ubeka futhi ususe imfuhlumfucu emithathu (ezifundeni eziseningizimu).
Esimweni sezulu esifudumele saseRussia, lezi zinyoni ziqala imidlalo yokuphasa ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Zihambisana nokulwa kweziduna kwabesilisa, ama-tweets amakhulu. Ngemuva kokuba imibhangqwana ithathe isinqumo ngophathina, iqala ukwakha indawonye ngokuhlangene.
Insikazi izingela amaqanda ngokwesilinganiso amasonto amabili, ngesilinganiso sezicucu ezi-4 kuya kwezingu-7. Amachaphaza undlunkulu azalwa enqunu, engenakusiza. Lapho eqala ukukhahlela, ngokushesha aqala ukuphefumula. Uqhwaku luphuzi, ulolo olufanayo oluzungezile. Imikhuba inobuthi obukhulu, futhi abazali bahlala bafuna ukudla. Zondliwa ikakhulukazi ngamaprotheni, ukudla kwamaprotheni: izibungu, izinambuzane, izibungu, amaqanda izintuthwane. Ukudla okunjalo kuvumela amachwane ukuba akhule ngokushesha, isibambiso, ngakho-ke ngosuku lwe-10-14 alungele ukushiya izidleke zawo. Ukuncintisana ngendawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuphakelwa kuqala esidlekeni. Ama-yellowhorotic awami emcimbini nabafowethu ababuthakathaka - bavame ukubakhipha esidlekeni.
Izitha zemvelo
Ezimweni zasemadolobheni, ingozi enkulu kum undlunkulu ivela emakati, ikakhulukazi lawo ahlala emgaqweni. Ukusuka ophikweni olubi noondlunkulu babahlasele. Babheke ngenkani isisulu, bahlasele ngokushesha.
Ondlanzana bendawo abahlala emaphethelweni emizana, emahlathini angavamile, izihlahlana kufanele ziqaphele izikhova zasebusuku. Izidleke ezihlafunayo, amantshontsho e-fox. Ummbela uyingozi, ukhwela izihlahla kahle. Ngisho nezilwane ezibonakala zingenabungozi, njenge-hedgehog, i-ferret, ne-squirrel, nazo azihlukile ekudleni ngamaqanda ama-passerine.
Undlunkulu ojwayelekile kithi usilimaza ngokulinganayo, sidla isivuno. Kodwa izinzuzo ezivela kubo zibalulekile, iqhude elilodwa lezinyoni libhubhisa kuze kufike ku-3 kg wezinambuzane ngenyanga. Into esemqoka ukugcina ibhalansi ebangeni lemvelo, phakathi kosayizi wabantu kanye nokudla.