I-Moose, okuchaza ukuthi itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izincwadi zezethenjwa zabathandi bezilwane, isilwane esikhulu esinezikhumba ezivulekileyo sasohlobo lohlobo lwe-moose, umndeni wezinyamazane.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi igama layo livela egameni lesi-Old Slavonic elithi "ols", elikhombisa izinwele ezibomvu ezimboze umzimba womuthi osanda kuzalwa. Elinye igama elivamile elivela ezikhathini zasendulo eRussia yi-moose - moose. Kungenzeka ukuthi yaqhamuka ngenxa yokufana kwezimpondo zayo nensimbi.

Ihlala kuphi imbungulu?

Ukuchazwa kwe-moose kumele kuqale ngobubanzi bayo. Lama-artiodactyls ajwayelekile eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, inani elikhulu labafi lacishe labhujiswa eYurophu, ngaphandle kweRussia. Ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezithathwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, la ma-artiodactyls abuye azinza eNyakatho naseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Namuhla lezi zilwane ezinkulu zihlala emazweni aseScandinavia (eNorway, eFinland), eBelarus, enyakatho ye-Ukraine, eHungary nasePoland, emazweni aseBaltic (i-Estonia neLatvia), naseCzech Republic. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke siseRussia: ukusuka eNhlonhlo yeKola kuya emaqeleni aseningizimu. ENyakatho Melika, ama-moose azinza eCanada, e-Alaska, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States.

Ngokufunda ukuchaza kwe-moose emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, singaphetha ngokuthi lezi zilwane zihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe futhi anenhlabathi enamawashi, imifudlana ethule nemifula. Amahlathi e-Aspen ne-birch akhethwa ehlathini-tundra. Kusakazeke nasogwini lwamachibi nemifantu esethafeni - ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula. Emahlathini asezintabeni, ahlala ezigodini nakwimithambeka emnene.

Elk Habitat

Inani lama-moose lifinyelela cishe isigidi nesigamu sabantu ngamunye. Cishe isigamu senani lilonke labantu abahlala eRussia. Kepha ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe lethu, lezi zilwane zihlala eYurophu (ePoland, eCzech Republic, eBelarus, eHungary, eBaltic States), zithathe ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Ukraine, eScandinavia.

Emazweni aseYurophu angenhla, i-elk yaqothulwa ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Kamuva, isibalo sabantu sabuyiselwa ngenxa yezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo, ukuphinda kwakhiwe kabusha amasimu amahlathi, kanye nokuqothulwa kwabazingeli bemvelo bomsundu - izimpisi.

Ihlala enyakatho neMongolia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina iya ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeSiberia. INyakatho Melika yaphinde yaba yikhaya lama-moose, lapho ahlala khona e-Alaska, eCanada nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States.

I-elk ihlala emahlathini nasezihlahleni - ama-birch kanye namahlathi aphayini, amahlathi e-aspen, iminyene ngasogwini lwemifula namachibi. Ku-tundra ne-steppe, ama-moose angahlala kude nehlathi. Kepha bayawathanda amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, lapho indawo engaphansi kothuli ithuthukiswa kahle.

Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sendawo yokuhlala yasehlobo yama-moose yizindawo zokugcina ezidingekayo ukusindisa ekushiseni kwasehlobo, kanye nokudla okwengeziwe. Ebusika, badla emahlathini exubile futhi aqukethe. Abalithandi iqhwa elijulile, futhi baphila impilo yokuhlala kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho lingawa ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha.

Uma iqhwa lijulile, bazulazula kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla sekwephuzile. Okokuqala, izintokazi ezinekhefu le-moose, abesilisa abadala bazithola. Ukubuya kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi seqhwa. Izilwane zingahamba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-15 ngosuku.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-elk? Izithombe nencazelo

I-Moose ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni wayo. Ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna kusuka ku-1.70 kuye ku-2.35 metres, ubude bomzimba - amamitha ama-3. Isisindo sowesifazane omdala singama-300 kg, kuthi owesilisa angaphezulu kwamakhulu ayisithupha. Ngokubukeka, lezi zilwane zibonakala zimbi: imilenze ephakeme, umzimba omfishane. Izilwane zinamahlombe nesifuba esinamandla. Izinyawo zinde kodwa azizacile, zinemisipha enezinselo ezincane nezinde. Umsila umfishane kepha ubonakala kahle.

Inhloko inkulu futhi isindayo, ifinyelela ku-500 mm ubude, igcwele ukuqina. Inezindlebe ezinkulu neziselula. Izindebe ezingaphezulu ezinamandla okuvuvukala zilenga ngokubonakalayo ngaphezu komlomo ophansi, futhi ngaphansi komphimbo ungabona ukuphuma kwesikhumba okunamathambo - "icici", ubude bawo obungafinyelela ku-40 cm.

Izici zeMoose

U-Elk ungummeleli omkhulu womndeni wezinyamazane. Owesilisa osemdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-600., Unobude bomzimba obungamamitha amathathu, ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2,4. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu.

Imvukuzane endala ihlukaniswa kalula kowesifazane amabala amakhulu ezimpondo. Ubukhulu bawo bufika kumamitha ayi-1,8 ububanzi, nesisindo esingama-kilogramu angama-30. Kuliqiniso, izimpondo azisona izinkomba ezingafani zokungafani kobulili - wonke ama-moose ekwindla alahlekelwa yilolu phawu oluhlukile.

Ziphonsa izimpondo ngemuva kwesizini edlule yokulima, ukuze entwasahlobo iqale ukukhula emuva. Isidala isilwane, amagatsha amaningi asekhanda laso. Owesilisa uphinde abe “namacici” - ukuphuma kwesikhumba ngaphansi komphimbo wakhe.

Ukubonakala kweseli kuyinto evelele, lesi silwane sasendle sihluke kakhulu kwezinye izinyamazane. Ungahlulela lokhu ngokuningi isithombe se-moose.

Ungasho nokuthi inkomo yomshubu imbi kabi - imilenze yinde kakhulu maqondana nomzimba, i-hump ngemuva, ikhanda elikhulu elinomlomo onomlomo omkhulu ongenhla. Kepha nokho, njengabo bonke abamele umhlaba wezilwane, bayaphumelela nabamele ubulili obuhlukile bezinhlobo zabo.

Ama-Elks anokuzwa okuhle nokunambitheka, kepha ukungaboni kahle. Uma umuntu emi anganyakazi, i-elk ngeke imqaphele ekude ngamamitha ayi-20-30. Ama-moose angabhukudi abahle, abathanda amanzi njengosindiso oluvela emaqeleni, futhi njengomthombo wokudla.

Uma lesi silwane esikhulu sifuna ukuzivikela, singasebenzisi izimpondo, sizolwa nezilwane ezidla imilenze phambi kwaso. Kepha abangqubuzani, uma kunethuba lokubaleka, ngeke bangene ekulweni.

Ijazi

Ngisho nencazelo emfushane yesilwane ayenzi ngaphandle kwesimo soboya, esinezinwele ezinde ezimahhadla ne undercoat ethambile. I-elk inejazi elide. Ebusika, ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayishumi ubude. Entanyeni bese ibuna kusekude kakhulu futhi kufana ne-mane, kuze kufike amasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi lesi silwane sine-hump.

Izinwele ezithambile ezimboza ikhanda zikhula ngisho nasezindebeni. Kuphela phakathi kwamakhala emilebeni ephezulu kungabonakala indawo encane ebonisiwe.

Indlela yokuphila yokuphila

I-Moose ingahlukaniswa ngama-subspecies amaningana, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, isuka ku-4 iye ku-8. Izinkampani ezisebenzisa i-Alaskan ezinkulu kunazo zonke, zingafinyelela isisindo esingama-800 kg. Okuncane kunazo zonke okuyi-Ussuri subspecies, ehlukaniswe izimpondo zayo ezinjengezinyamazane (ngaphandle kwama-lobes). Ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, ama-moose enza imisebenzi ehlukile. Kuya ngesimo sokushisa esikhona.

Ekushiseni okukhulu kwehlobo, bakhetha ukufihla izinambuzane emathangeni aminyene, eceleni kwentamo emanzini noma emigungwini eshaywa ngumoya. Baphuma bayokondla ngobusuku obupholile. Ebusika, kunalokho, badla emini, futhi baphumule ebusuku. Kumakhaza aqatha ikakhulukazi awela eqhweni elivulekile, elifudumeza izilwane njengethango.

Izindawo lapho i-moose ichitha khona ubusika ibizwa ngokuthi amakamu, futhi indawo yazo incike ezindaweni lapho kunokudla okuningi. Imvamisa kakhulu lawa ngamaphayipikili amancanyana enkabeni yeRussia, aminyene ngemichilo noma emifushane emide eSiberia, kanye nezindawo ezihlala kahle emazweni aseMpumalanga Ekude.

Izilwane eziningana zingahlangana ekamu elilodwa. Kuqoshwe kuze kube ikhulu le-moose ngamahektha ayi-1000 ehlathi lephayini le-Obobsky. I-Moose akuyona umhlambi wezilwane, imvamisa ihamba yodwa ngasikhathi, noma abantu aba-3-4 baqoqwe.

Ehlobo, izilwane ezincane kwesinye isikhathi zijoyina izinsikazi ezinonyaka owodwa, bese ebusika umhlambi omncane ufaka izinsikazi nezinsizwa ezinonyaka owodwa nesigamu. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, le nkampani encane izophinda ihlakaze.

Umsoco

Zonke izinhlobo zezihlahlana, ama-mosses, ama-lichens, amakhowe, izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezinde (azikwazi ukucindezela utshani ngenxa yokukhula kwawo okuphezulu nentamo emfushane), amahlumela amancane namaqabunga ezihlahla (umlotha wentaba, isigaxa, izimbali, i-bird cherry nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla) zenza isabelo se-moose.

I-Moose enezindebe ezinkulu ibamba igatsha futhi idle wonke amahlamvu. Ehlobo bathanda ukubheka ukudla emachibini, bangama amakhanda abo emanzini cishe umzuzu bese bekhetha izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini (i-calendula, umnduze wamanzi, iqanda elincane, ihhashi).

Lapho kuqala ekwindla, bashintshela kumagatsha, badle amagxolo ezihlahleni. Lapho kunokudla okuningi, ehlobo, ama-elk adla cishe ama-30 kg., Ebusika kuphela ama-15 kg. Inani elikhulu le-moose lilimaza amahlathi, njengoba isilwane esisodwa sidla cishe amathani angama-7 wezimila ngonyaka. Abakwa-Elks badinga usawoti, abawukhotha emigwaqweni, noma bavakashele izikhonkwane zikasawoti ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile ngabo abahlukanisi bazo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Lapho kuqala ikwindla, cishe ngoSepthemba, umswakama uqala ukushesha. Abesilisa benza imisindo enkulu, beshaya izimpondo zabo ezihlahleni, baphuke amagatsha, kube sengathi bamema abanye abesilisa ukuba balwele insikazi.

Ukuthola insikazi, kuyamsukela, kuvimbele ezinye izilwane kuye. Ngalesi sikhathi banolaka olukhulu. Impi yabesilisa ababili abadala kwesinye isikhathi iyaphela ngokufa kwababuthakathaka. Ezimpini ezinolaka, lezi zilokazana azilwi nomhlambi, kepha zifuna owesifazane oyedwa kuphela - ziyizilwane ezithandekayo.

Ngaphandle uma moose khaya futhi ikakhulukazi abesifazane bakhona emhlanjini. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa oyedwa kufanele amboze izinsikazi eziningana, ezingalunganga ngokuphelele.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuqomisana, ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-230-240 kuzalwe umntwana. Kuya ngesilinganiso sokudla kanye nezimo ezinhle, futhi kuzalwa inkonyane engu-1-2. Kepha eyodwa ivame ukushabalala ezinsukwini zokuqala noma amasonto okuphila.

Isonto lokuqala lokuphila, ithole libuthakathaka kakhulu futhi alikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, ngakho-ke inecebo elilodwa lokuzivikela - ukulala phansi otshanini bese ilinda ingozi. Kuliqiniso, unesivikelo esihle - umama wakhe omkhulu. Uzabalaza ukuvikela inzalo yakhe, kwesinye isikhathi ngempumelelo.

Ngisho namabhere kwesinye isikhathi afa ngenxa yokushaywa yimilenze eqinile yomsalo othukuthele. Kamuva, uzokwazi ukuhlala ngokuqiniseka emilenzeni yakhe futhi alandele unina. Ngalesi sikhathi, angadla kuphela amahlamvu, asezingeni lokukhula kwakhe.

Kamuva, wafunda ukuguqa ukuze ancele utshani, nokugoba izihlahla ezondile ukuze athole amaqabunga amasha. Ubisi moose udla cishe izinyanga ezine. Kulesi okuphakelayo iwundlu lisuka ku-6-16 kg. isisindo esisanda kuzalwa ngokuwa sizofinyelela ku-120-200 kg.

Ama-Elks kulindeleke ukuba aphile iminyaka engaba ngu-25, kepha ezimweni ezinzima zasendle isikhathi esiningi aphila ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yezimpilo zawo. Isizathu salokhu amabhere, izimpisi ezidla izilwane ezigulayo, kanye nezindala, noma okuphambene nalokho, zincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-elk isilwane esidayiswayo; ukuzingela kwayo kuvunyelwe kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguJanuwari.

Ukubukeka

Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufika ku-3 m, ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela ku-2.3 m, ubude bomsila buyi-1213 cm, isisindo singama-360-600 kg, eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia naseCanada - kuze kube ngu-655 kg. Abesifazane bancane. Ngokubukeka, i-elk yehlukile ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinyamazane. Umzimba nentamo yakhe imfushane, ukubuna kuphakeme, ngesimo se-hump. Imilenze iphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuze idakwe, umoyane uphoqelelwa ukuba ungene ngokujulile emanzini noma ume emahlombe akhe. Ikhanda likhulu, lidanile, elinomlomo omkhulu ongenhla. Ngaphansi komphimbo kukhona isithombo esithambile esinoboya (“icici”), sifinyelela ku-25-40 cm. Ijazi linamabala amnyama, ansundu, imilenze iluhlaza grey, icishe ibe mhlophe. Amaqhubu asemilenzeni yangaphambili ayakhonjwa, evumela ukuthi umsundululu uwasebenzise njengesikhali ekuqiniseni izinyamazane ezinjengezimpisi noma amabhere (kodwa hhayi lapho ulwa nezimbangi zawo ukuze ungazilimazi). Ukushaywa okukodwa nje ngenselo enjalo kwanele ukubhoboza ugebhezi lwesitha noma ukuvula isisu.

Abesilisa banezimpondo ezinkulu (ezinkulu kunazo zonke zesimanje) ezicijile ezimise okwenziwe ngefosholo, ububanzi bazo bufika ku-180 cm, isisindo - 20-30 kg. I-moose ilahla abafuyi minyaka yonke ngoNovemba - uDisemba futhi ihamba ngaphandle kwabo kuze kube ngu-Ephreli - Meyi. Izintokazi ezingenazimpondo.

Imvamisa, ama-moose abizwa nge-sax ngenxa yezimpondo, ukubukeka kwawo kufana negeja.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-Moose isatshalaliswa esifundeni sehlathi seNyakatho Nenkabazwe, okuvame kakhulu ehlathini-tundra, ehlathini-steppe kanye nangaphandle kwendawo yama-steppe. Kutholakala eYurophu ePoland, amazwe aseBaltic, eCzech Republic, eHungary, eBelarus, enyakatho ye-Ukraine, eScandinavia nasengxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Kwangaphandle eYurophu kwaqothulwa: eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngekhulu le-18, eMpumalanga Yurophu ngekhulu le-19. EPoland, Czech Republic, Hungary naseScandinavia, ama-elk ahlala futhi ngenxa yokuvikelwa, okwaqala ngawo-1920s. E-Asia, ihlala ukusuka enyakatho neMongolia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina kuya engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-taiga yaseSiberia. ENyakatho Melika itholakala e-Alaska, eCanada nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, ifinyelela esifundeni saseColorado. E-Russia, isatshalaliswa esifundeni saseRostov eningizimu nasogwini lwePacific empumalanga, ikakhulukazi emahlathini.

Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-730 bahlala eRussia (cishe isigamu senani eliphelele labantu), futhi bonke emhlabeni - cishe isigidi nesigamu.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

AmaMoose ahlala emahlathini ahlukahlukene, izihlahla zemifino yemifino egudla osebeni lomfula wamachibi namachibi, ehlathini-tundra zigcinwa emahlathini acijile namahlathi e-aspen. E-steppe ne-tundra ehlobo bayatholakala futhi kude nehlathi, kwesinye isikhathi amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha kude. Okubaluleke kakhulu nge-moose ukuba khona kwezixhaphozi, imifula ethule namachibi okuthula, lapho ehlobo zidla khona izimila zasemanzini futhi ziphunyuke ekushiseni. Ebusika, ama-elk adinga amahlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi anama-coniffort anamahlumela aminyene. Kuleyo ngxenye yebanga lapho ikhava leqhwa lingabi ngaphezu kwama-30-50 cm, ama-moose ahlala bukhoma, lapho afinyelela ku-70 cm, aya ezindaweni ezingaba neqhwa kakhulu ebusika. Ushintsho oluya ezindaweni zobusika luyenzeka kancane kancane futhi luqala ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguDisemba- Januwari. Eyokuqala ingabesifazane abane-moose, eyokugcina ingabesilisa nabesifazane abadala ngaphandle kwe-moose. Ngosuku, ukuhamba kwe-moose ku-10-15 km. Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo okubuyela emuva kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushiswa kweqhwa nangokulandelana okuhlukile: abesilisa abadala ngabokuqala, abesifazane abane-moose bangabokugcina.

I-Moose ayinazo izikhathi ezithile zokudla nokuphumula. Ehlobo, ukushisa kubenza babe yizilwane zasebusuku, phakathi nosuku bezishayela zibe ngamagilasi, lapho kuvunguza khona umoya, zingene kumachibi nasezigungwini, lapho ungacasha khona kuze kube sentamo emanzini, noma ekukhuleni okuncane okuncane okuvikela izinambuzane. Ebusika, ama-moose feed phakathi nosuku, futhi ebusuku cishe sonke isikhathi bahlala ebhentshini. Emaqandeni amakhulu, izilwane zilala eqhweni elivulekile ukuze ikhanda kuphela futhi libune ukuphuma kwalo ngaphezulu, okunciphisa ukushiswa kokushisa. Ebusika, imvukuzane inyathela ngamandla iqhwa kule ndawo ebizelwa abazingeli ngokuthi "ikamu" elk, yima. Indawo yezitepe incike ezindaweni okondlayo kuzo. ECentral Russia lezi ikakhulukazi ngamahlathi amancane kaphayini, eSiberia - imichilo eminyene noma izihlahlana ezisogwini lomfula, eMpumalanga Ekude - amahlathi anobuhlakani akhula kancane anotshalo oluhle. Ama-moose amaningana angasebenzisa isiqu esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye, emahlathini we-Oka pine eminyakeni engama-50 yekhulu le-XX ebusika kwezinye izindawo aze afinyelela ku-100 noma ngaphezulu ama-moose ngamahektha ayi-1000.

Ama-moose feed ekudleni kwesihlahla-shrubby nasezimeni ezinotshani, kanye nama-mosses, ama-lichens namakhowe. Ehlobo, badla amaqabunga, bawakhipha ngenxa yokukhula kwawo kusuka kubude obukhulu, bondla izitshalo zasemanzini neziseduzane namanzi (ukushintshwa, i-marigold, amaqanda, iminduze yamanzi, iminduze yamahhashi), namakhambi amade ezindaweni ezishisiwe nasezindaweni zokusika - umlilo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amakhowe we-cap (kufaka phakathi ama-agarics endiza, asetshenziswa njengomuthi), amahlumela ama-blueberries nama-lingonberry anamajikijolo athungathwa. Kusukela ngoSepthemba, amahlumela namagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla aqala ukuluma, futhi ngoNovemba bacishe bashintshela ekunikezelweni kwegatsha. Okuphakelwa kwasebusika okuyinhloko kwe-moose kufaka phakathi u-willow, uphayini (eNyakatho Melika - fir), i-aspen, i-ash ash, i-birch, i-raspberry, ku-thaw baququda amagxolo. I-moose endala idla ngosuku: ehlobo cishe amakhilogremu angama-35 wokudla, ebusika - ama-12-15 kg, ngonyaka - cishe amathani angama-7. Ngenani elikhulu le-moose, izindawo zokugcina izingane zasendle kanye nokutshala kulinyaziwe. Cishe yonke indawo ama-moose avakashelwa izingqimba zikasawoti, ebusika zikhotha usawoti ngisho nasemigwaqweni emikhulu.

UMoose ugijime ngokushesha, aze afike ku-56 km / h, ubhukuda kahle. Lapho ufuna izitshalo zasemanzini, angagcina amakhanda awo ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu. Ezisukweni ezihlaseli zivikelwe ngokushaywa kwemilenze yangaphambili. Ngisho nebhere elinsundu alilokothi lihlasele imvukuzane yeduna endaweni evulekile. Njengomthetho, ibhere izama ukuhlasela phambi kwesihlahla, ukuze i-elk ikhawulelwe ukunyakaza.Kwezinzwa zelok, ukuzwa nokuzwa kunephunga kuthuthukiswa kahle, umbono awunamandla - akaboni umuntu omi kude nebanga lamamitha ambalwa.

UMoose akuvamile ukuthi abe ngowokuqala ukuhlasela umuntu. Imvamisa ukuhlasela kwenzeka ngezinto ezicasulayo noma umhlume osondelayo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Abesilisa nabesifazane abangashadile bahlala bodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane ezilwanyana ezi-3-4. Ehlobo nasebusika, izinsikazi ezindala zihamba nama-moose, zakha amaqembu enezinhloso ezingama-3-4, kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa nabesifazane abangashadile bazobajoyina, bakhe umhlambi wezinhloso ezingama-5-8. Entwasahlobo, lezi zinkomo ziyawa.

I-moose iyashesha ngesikhathi esifanayo nesinyamazane ngoSepthemba - Okthoba futhi ihambisana nokubhonga okucashile kwabesilisa ("kububula"). Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa nabesifazane bajabule futhi banolaka, bangahlasela nomuntu. Amadoda ahlela ukulwa, kwesinye isikhathi aze afe. Ngokungafani inyamazane iningi, elk - izimo monogamous, akuvamile ukuba abashadayo nabesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa.

Ukukhulelwa enkomeni ye-moose kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-225-240, ukuzala kwenwetshwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Imvamisa kuba khona ithole elilodwa kudoti, izinsikazi ezindala zingabeletha amawele. Umbala wosanda kuzalwa ubomvu okhanyayo, ngaphandle kwamabala amabala amhlophe qwa. I-Moose ingavuka imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 zihamba ngokukhululeka. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3.5 ukuya kwezi-4-4, ubisi lwe-elk lunokuqukethwe okunamafutha okuyi-8-13%, okungukuthi, izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kunamafutha ezinkomo, futhi kuqukethe amaprotheni ayisihlanu (12-16%).

UMoose uba nocansi eneminyaka emibili. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-12, i-moose iqala ukuguga, ngesimo se-moose engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10, akukho ngaphezulu kwe-3%. Ekudingisweni basinda baba yiminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-22.

Inani lezomnotho

Isilwane esibalulekile ngentengiso (inyama nesikhumba esinamandla ezisetshenziselwa ukugqoka kwesikhumba).

E-Russia naseScandinavia, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokubamba nokusebenzisa i-moose njengesilwane sokugibela nobisi, kepha ubunzima bokuqukethwe benza lokhu kungaphatheki kahle ngokwezomnotho. E-USSR, bekunamapulazi ama-moose ayi-7, manje sekunamapulazi amabili ama-moose epulazini i-Pechora-Ilych edolobhaneni lase Yak Yak nelase Sumarokovo moose esifundeni sase Kostroma. Lezi zivivinyo zikhonjiswa kwifilimu ka-A. Zguridi "The Tale of the Forest Giant". Womabili la mapulazi ezwekazi. Kunikezwe izindawo zokuvakasha emapulazini.

Ubisi lwe-moose luyafana ngokunambitheka kenkomo, kepha lunamafutha amaningi futhi lumnandi kancane. Kusetshenziswa ekudleni komdlavuza. Ngenhloso yokulondolozwa yiqhwa.

Inyama ye-moose ingaphansi ngokunambitheka enyameni yezinye izinyamazane - ayinamatha kancane futhi iqine. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenziwa amasoseji athosiwe futhi abhemayo.

Inombolo

Ukufa kwabantu minyaka yonke phakathi kwe-moose yabantu abadala kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-15%; izilwane ezincane ziyafa ngonyaka wokuqala zifinyelela kuma-50%. UMoose uzingelwa yizimpisi namabhere (brown ibhele, grizzly), izilwane ezincane, ezigulayo nezindala zivame ukuba yizisulu. Izimpisi azinangozi kubantu abadala abanempilo. I-Moose ibonakala ngesifo esidalwa yi-nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuisokuthinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, kanye nemikhaza. Imvamisa zishayiswa izimoto, futhi abashayeli bezimoto uqobo bavame ukuhlushwa yilokhu. Lesi silwane sivunyelwe ukuzingela cishe kuwo wonke ama-Eurasia, futhi inani lemigomo liyakhula minyaka yonke.

Incazelo Nezici

Le imbiza enkulu kakhulu ye-artiodactyl herbivore yezilwane zomhlaba. Ubukhulu bomsundululu ekushwabeni bungadlula kakhulu ukukhula komuntu. Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, futhi isilinganiso somzimba esiseduze singaba yingxenye yetani.

Lezi zilwane zivame ukubizwa ngama-rhizomes. Bakweleta igama lesidlaliso enjalo into ebukeka kahle kakhulu - izimpondo zikanokusho ezinhle ezibukeka njengethuluzi lakudala lokulima - i-sokha.

Kuphela ngabesilisa besilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili abangaziqhayisa ngokuhlobisa okunjalo. Futhi izinsikazi zincanyana ngosayizi futhi azinazimpondo ngokwemvelo. Into ebekiwe yokubukeka, uhlobo lomqhele, ukwakheka kwamathambo okwenziwe nge-spade ngeziqu, isisindo sazo silingana nama-25 kg.

Njalo ngonyaka ngokuqala kokubanda abafohlisi bezinyosi zinyamalale, zimane zilahliwe. Kepha lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, endaweni ethile ngoMeyi, “umqhele” omusha ukhula ekhanda labo.

I-Moose izihlobo zezinyamazane, kodwa ngokubukeka kwehluka ngezindlela eziningi kubo, ayinawo umusa ongokwemvelo kubo. Esikhundleni salokho, zi-clumsy, zinamahlombe nesifuba esinamandla. Intamo ephuma ngesikhumba esithambile ngaphansi kolwelwesi nesiqu somile, uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bomzimba, kunikeza isithombe esifushane.

Kuvele ukhula olunamandla ngaphezu kwabo, bese kuba nekhanda elikhulu elixegayo. Isibalo esisekupheleni sivele ngokuvuvukala, sinomzimba, silenga ngaphezu komlomo ophansi, ongaphezulu. Imilenze yesilwane, embozwe izinwele ezimfishane, eziphakeme impela, hhayi ezondile, ezinamacici amade amancanyana.

Kunomsila ongafika ku-13 cm ngosayizi, umfishane kepha ubonakala kakhulu. Umbala wejazi elihlanganisiwe emzimbeni uhlukahluka kusuka kokucishe kube mhlophe kuya komnyama onsundu, imilenze ye-moose imvamisa imhlophe. Ebusika, umbala wezinwele ulula kakhulu, okwenza umoyane ungalingani ngokubhekisele emuva kwendawo eneqhwa. Zonke lezi zici zibonakala ngokucacile. ku-moose yesithombe.

Umbono walezi zilwane awunakubizwa ubukhali ikakhulukazi, kepha ukuzwa nokuhogela kukhula kahle. Zigijima ngokushesha futhi zibhukuda ezinkulu. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziye zathola ilungelo lazo isihloko esikhulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.

Cishe ingxenye yamalungu omhlambi we-moose ayizakhamuzi zobukhulu beRussia. UMoose usabalele nase-Ukraine, Belarus, ezifundazweni zaseBaltic, ePoland naseScandinavia, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kanye nase-Asia, ngokwesibonelo, eMongolia naseChina. Zitholakala naseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi eCanada nase-Alaska.

I-Moose - leli igama lesizukulwane esimele umndeni wezinyamazane. Akugcinanga lapho kwakukholwa ukuthi iqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lwegama elifanayo. Kepha nge-intraspecific taxonomy bekukhona ubunzima obukhulu.

Kwakunzima ukunquma ngokunembile futhi kuhlukaniswe inani lezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezingaphansi. Futhi kulo mcimbi, izazi zezilwane zahlukaniswa. Izakhi zofuzo zesimanje zasiza ekuphenduleni imibuzo edidayo. Ngokwemininingwane evela kulo mthombo, uhlobo lwe-moose akufanele luhlukaniswe lube munye, kodwa lube yizinhlobo ezimbili.

Ake sibacabangele ngemininingwane eminingi.

1. I-Eastern moose. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswe yaphenduka izingxenyana ezimbili: i-European neCaucasian. Abamele babo bayizilwane ezinde kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela isisindo esingama-650 kg. Izimpondo zomsila onjalo zigadla ngamasentimitha angama-135 nangaphezulu.

Izinwele zabo zinombala omnyama. Umhlane umakwe umucu omnyama. Ukuphela okugqamile kwesihlezane nejazi emilenzeni. Isisu nomhlane wemilenze yalezi zilwanyana, kanye nezindebe zazo eziphakemeyo, cishe zimhlophe.

2. I-Western moose. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu okuhlukahlukene kubizwa ngokuhlukile ngokuthi kwaseMelika, kepha futhi kufanelekile ukuyibiza ngokuthi yi-East Siberian, ngoba abamele umbuso wama-moose walezi ezimbili, ekuqaleni nje kokubona kude, izifunda zeplanethi ziyafana ngofuzo.

Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe ezindaweni ezingasempumalanga zaseCanada nase Ussuri. Izilwane ezinje zincanyana ngosayizi kunezihlobo ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Futhi ubukhulu bezimpondo zabo bungamamitha. Kuliqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile, ngoba eCanada naseMpumalanga Ekude ungathola nezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, ezisindayo ezifika ku-700 kg.

Umbala we-moose onjalo uhluke kakhulu. Intamo yawo ne-torso engenhla zivame ukuba nsundu noma kube mpunga. Imilenze engenhla, kanye nezinhlangothi ezingezansi, zivame ukuba mnyama.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Umzimba walezi zidalwa awuhambelani ngokuphelele, futhi imilenze yakhona iphakeme kakhulu ne-torso eqinile iphazamisa ukunyakaza okuthile. Isibonelo, ukudakwa echibini, Elk awukwazi nje ukunyakazisa ikhanda lakhe. Kufanele ejule kakhulu emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi iwele emadolweni, ngenkathi igoba amabombo ayo angaphambili.

By the way, bona banezinselo ezikhomba, basebenzela lesi silwane njengethuluzi elihle lokuzivikela. Lapho iqina ngezitha, amabhere noma izimpisi, izidalwa ezinjalo zikhahlela ngemilenze yangaphambili, ukushaywa kwezimpuphu zazo kungasiphula umdweshu wesitha.

Elk – isilwane, oboya bobu bawo ebusika bungagcini ngokukhanya kuphela, kodwa futhi bube bukhulu, bufinyelele kubude obungaba ngu-10 cm. Futhi entanyeni bese ibuna ikhula ngokuhlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe futhi ikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili.

Izimpondo zalezi zidalwa, ziguquka zaba zintsha njalo entwasahlobo, ziyindlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, zithambile futhi zithambile, zimbozwe yisikhumba, ziyakwazi ukopha lapho zilinyazwa futhi zihlushwa ukulunywa yizimbungulu. Kancane kancane baba lukhuni, babe namandla futhi banzi.

Lapho ikhula ngokwayo, izimpondo zayo zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Le mihlobiso iqala ukubonakala kumamosa anonyaka owodwa ubudala. Emncane, izimpondo ezincane kuphela. Umqhele ofanayo kubantu asebekhulile uqukethe isiqu esicwebile, esibanzi, esibizwa ngefosholo. Izinqubo zinamathiselwe kulokhu kwakhiwa.

Ngokukhula kweminyaka, ifosholo iba banzi futhi ibe namandla, futhi usayizi wezinqubo, ovame ukuba yishumi nesishiyagalombili, ngokuhlukile uyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ngesimo sezimpondo kungenzeka ukunquma ubudala besilwane.

Ukwehla “komqhele” wakudala kwenzeka ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, ama-moose awazidingi, kepha kuphela, ngokuba ukwakheka okunzima, ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwawo, okwenza impilo ibe nzima ezikhathini ezinzima.

Ngemuva kwakho konke, izimpondo zisetshenziswa ngabesilisa hhayi neze ukuze bavikeleke, kepha ukuheha abesifazane kanye nomthelela wengqondo kwezimbangi, kusebenza njengohlobo lwenkomba yamandla abesilisa nesithunzi. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, inani lamahhala ocansi egazini lesilwane liyancipha, ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana asezingeni lokwakheka kwamathambo ayabhujiswa, izimpondo ziwele. Ukulahlekelwa kobuhlungu nokukhathazeka okunjalo akuhambisani nomsipha. Konke kwenzeka ngokwemvelo.

Ubuhle obunjalo bungahlalwa emahlathini, kwesinye isikhathi bahlala eziqongweni nasezintabeni, futhi basatshalaliswa ngenkuthalo esifundeni sehlathi. Zithanda izindawo zasendle ezinemifudlana nemifula, zithanda ukuzinza ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi.

Azizizwa zithanda kakhulu ukunyakaza, futhi ngenxa yalokho akufuduki zifuduke ziya endaweni, ngaphandle kokuthi zifuna ukukhetha izindawo ezinamaqhwa amancane kuphela zifuna ukudla noma ebusika. Ehlobo, lapho kunokudla okuningi, ama-moose akhetha ukuzulazula yedwa, kodwa ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukuze aphile, ahlanganiswa abe ngamaqembu amancane nezinkomo.

Ukuzingela kwe-Moose akuvunyelwe ngumthetho, kepha kungenzeka kuphela ngemikhawulo ethile. Lo msebenzi uthandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wonke. Kumele ngithi, kudinga ikhono elikhulu, ubuhlakani kanye nokubekezela, kepha yize kunemvelo ethokozisayo yokugembula, lokhu akuphephile.

Inyama eyimpuphu kunokunambitheka okungajwayelekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, akujwayelekile, kepha ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, kucatshangelwa izinkomba ezithile, lesi sidlo, esiqhathaniswa kahle nama-mutton namafutha engulube, futhi esibonakala kahle ngumzimba, sivame ukutuswa odokotela ukuthi basebenzise izifo eziningi. Okudliwayo okuningi okujabulisayo kudalwa kusuka lapho, kwenziwa ukudla okwenziwe ngamakhekhe futhi amasoseji aluhlaza obhemayo.

I-moose ngokwayo ihlukaniswa umlingiswa onokuthula futhi ovumelana nezimo kakhulu. By endleleni, isilwane esinjalo kulula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukondla inkonyane yasendle, futhi ngokushesha uqala ukuzwa uthando lomuntu, okuthi, ngokuqhubeka okuhle komngane, akwazi ukuhlala impilo yonke.

I-Moose iwusizo kakhulu kubantu. Zisetshenziselwa umsebenzi nezokuhamba ngemigwaqo nasesigodini samahhashi, futhi ungathola ubisi ku-moose.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-artiodactyls luvelaphi akwaziwa kahle. Izici ezijwayelekile ezitholakala ku-sahat zitholakala endaweni yokuqala yama-Quaternary. Ukuvela kwayo kufakwa kwi-Upper Pliocene futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo eziseduze - i-North American Cervalces. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-Quaternary luhlukaniswa, luhambisana nengxenye engezansi ye-Pleistocene - elk ebhekene ngobubanzi.

Ingabizwa ngokuthi ukhokho wama-moose, atholakala emkhakheni weRussia Federation. Okhokho balolu hlobo, ngokubukeka behambisana nencazelo yesimanjemanje, bahlangana ngesikhathi seNeolithic ezinqabeni zase-Ukraine, i-Lower Volga neTranscaucasia, ogwini lolwandle olumnyama, e-Ireland naseNgilandi, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kepha abadlulelanga eBalkans nase-Apennines.

Ividiyo: Elk

Ama-Artiodactyls athatha izindawo ezinkulu engxenyeni esenyakatho yeYurophu, i-Asia, neMelika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukuncipha kwebanga kwenzeka, kepha izindlela zokubuyisa inani labantu zaholela ekutheni i-sahaty iphinde iqale ukutholakala emahlathini ase-Eurasia iye kumaVosges nasemlonyeni weRhine. Umngcele oseningizimu wehlela e-Alps kanye naseCarpathians, uthatha indawo yomngcele wesitebhisi saseDon, iWestern Transcaucasia, udabula indawo yamahlathi eSiberia uze ufike e-Ussuri taiga.

Isilo sizizwa simnandi eNorway, eFinland naseSweden. Itholakala yonke indawo eRussia endaweni yehlathi, ngaphandle kweSakhalin neKamchatka. Itholakala enyakatho neMongolia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Ezwenikazi laseMelika - eCanada. Inani elibuyiselwe labantu limboza lonke ihlathi lase-US. Isilwane sibukeka kabi. Ikhanda liphakeme kakhulu futhi lihlala entanyeni enamandla. I-artiodactyl yakhe igcina icishe ifinyelele ezingeni lokuncipha kokubuna.

Ubukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bobuso bunamathiselwe ekhaleni elikhulu elinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-cartilaginous. Udlula emgomeni ongenhla onamandla, oshubile.

Izindlebe ezinkulu zisebenza kakhulu futhi zikhombe phezulu. Umsila uhhafu wobude bendlebe. Uqedela isloping crop futhi ucishe ungabonakali. Entanyeni kulengiswa insimbi evulekile eyakhiwe njengesigaxa. Kuthuthukiswa ngaphezulu emadodeni futhi kungafinyelela ubude obu-40 cm, kepha kaningi kungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Icici likhula lifinyelele eminyakeni emine ubudala, bese lifinyeza bese liba banzi.

Ngabe udlani udla izindwani?

Photo: Big Elk

Lesi sidalwa esinamabala okugqwala sithanda izitebele ezinde zotshani, sisebenzisa i-lichens (ikakhulukazi esinamahlahla), sidla kumakhowe, ngaphezu kwalokho, sinobuthi, kusukela lapho umuntu ebuka khona. Amajikijolo: ama-cranberry, ama-blueberries, ukukhetha ama-lingonberry nokudla kanye namahlumela. Ehlobo, ngenxa yokukhula kwakhe okuphezulu, ubamba amagatsha ngezindebe zakhe ezinamandla futhi asuse amahlamvu kuwo.

USukhaty uncamela ukudla amaqabunga namagatsha:

Ezitshalweni zamakhambi, othandekayo kakhulu yi-fireweed, ekhula ngobuningi ekuchwenweni - izindawo eziyintandokazi ze-artiodactyl. Eduze kwamachibi nasemanzini, udla iwashi, iminduze yamanzi, amaphilisi amaqanda, i-marigold, i-sorrel, i-grassbird, i-gangus, i-sedge, amahashi nezinye izitshalo ezikhula ngasosebeni. Ekwindla, ukudla kwakhe kuyashintsha, lesi silwane sidla amahlumela amancane ezihlahla nezihlahla, sidla amagxolo ezihlahla.

Ngokuntuleka kokuphakelwa, ingaququda amagatsha ephayini amancane kanye namafilili, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yobusika, kepha imvamisa iluma imoyilo, i-raspberry, i-birch, i-ash ash, amagatsha esihlahla sasemanzini kuze kube ngu-1 cm obukhulu. ohlangothini lapho lufudumala khona namakhaza.

Sekukonke, kukhona:

• kufika ku-149 genera yama-angiosperms,
• Izinhlobo ezi-6 zemidlalo yokuzivocavoca, enjengephayini, umjunipha, iw,
• izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-ferns (i-5 genera),
• lichens (4 uhlobo),
• amakhowe (11 genera),
• ulwelwe, ngokwesibonelo, kelp.

UNonki ubiza lo odla izihlahla ezinamahloka - - "moot", noma ivedo - "shektates", ngoba udla amagatsha ezihlahla. Igama lakhe elijwayelekile "yimisinga", abazingeli abanenkoleloze besaba ukusebenzisa.

Phakathi nonyaka, izilwane ezincelisayo zidla kuze kufike kumathani ayisikhombisa okudla, okuthi:

• amagxolo - 700 kg
• amahlumela namagatsha - 4000 kg,
• amaqabunga - 1500 kg
• izitshalo herbaceous - 700 kg.

Ehlobo, ukudla kwansuku zonke kungaqala kusuka ku-16 kg kuye ku-35 kg, kuthi ebusika kube ngu-10 kg. Ebusika, i-moose iphuza kancane, futhi akuvamile ukuthi idle iqhwa, igweme ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, kepha ehlobo ingadonsa emanzini noma emanzini isitsheke ukusuka imizuzu engu-15 iye ehoreni, cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Moose ehlobo

USukhaty akahlakaniphe kakhulu, wethukile, uhlala eqonda ngqo phambili. Empilweni ejwayelekile, ukhetha izindlela zokushaywa. Iziqhwaga zasehlathini ziba kude nezindawo lapho iqhwa lijule khona ngaphezu kwama-70 cm futhi lihlangana emithambekeni enomthunzi, lapho ungqimba lululele khona. Umthwalo usinda kakhulu futhi i-artiodactyl yehluleka, yize imilenze emide isiza ukunqoba izindawo ezinamakhaza eqhweni.Amathole amathole amancanyana alandela lo mkhondo womuntu okhulile.

Ngesikhathi sokudla, lesi silwane simi, sidla ukudla okuvela ebusweni bomhlaba, sizama ukusabalalisa kabanzi imilenze yaso, siguqe ngamadolo, imvukuzane emincane ihamba njalo. Ebungozini, isilo sincika kakhulu ekuzweni nasekwazisweni yaso, sibona kabi kakhulu futhi ayiboni umuntu onganyakazi. Imvukuzane ayihlaselwa ngabantu, kuphela ezimeni ezihlukile, lapho ilimala noma ivikela amawundlu.

Lapho kukhona i-rut, izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala zisebenza. Ngenkathi ebandayo, baphumula kuze kube kahlanu ngosuku, kepha ngeqhwa elinzima noma ekugcineni kobusika kuze kube kasishiyagalombili. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, acwiliswa eqhweni, kusukela lapho ikhanda kuphela libonakala, futhi alale amahora amaningi. Ngesikhathi somoya onamandla, imidondoshiya yamahlathi icasha emahlathini. Eminyakeni engu-30 yobudala, i-elk yakhuliswa emapulazini akhethekile ukuze isetshenziswe ekusebenzeni kwezempi, ngisho nezibhamu zomshini ezimpondweni zaqiniswa. Bazifundise ukwahlukanisa ukuzwa isiFinnish nesiRussia nokunikeza isibonakaliso. Izilwane zibambe izwi lomuntu ebangeni elingaphezu kwekhilomitha.

Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, amaswidi ayasebenza phakathi nosuku. Ngokushisa okuqhubekayo nokuqubuka kwenani elikhulu lama-amahhashi namajezi, ama-artiodactyls avame ukuphola, lapho kunomoya futhi kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa. Zingahlala kuma-conifers asemancane, ezindaweni ezivulekile zemashi, emijondolo, ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi. Emanzini angajulile, izilwane zilala emanzini, ezindaweni ezijulile zingena ngaphakathi kwentamo. Lapho kungekho khona okongelayo, imidondoshiya iwela endaweni emanzi, kodwa lapho nje isishisa, ivuke ibheke entsha.

Hhayi kuphela ukuthi i-vulture ibenza baqambe amanga, ukushisa akubekezeleleki kahle ngama-artiodactyls, ngakho ehlobo bancamela ukuphumula kwasemini.

Izitha zemvelo ze-moose

Photo: Elk enezimpondo

Phakathi kwezitha eziphambili ze-moose zingabizwa ngokuthi amabhere. Imvamisa bahlasela ama-artiodactyls lapho bevuka ekubandakanyeni. Bajwayele ukuxosha izinsikazi ezikhulelwe noma bahlasele imowes. Omama bavikela amawundlu. Okuyingozi kakhulu umthelela wezandulela zangaphambili. Ngale ndlela, umuntu ongakholelwa angabulala ibhere, noma isitha noma yisiphi

Izimpisi zesaba ukuhlasela abantu abadala, zikwenze ipakethe futhi zisemuva kuphela. Kaningi kubazingeli abampunga, izinsana ziyafa. Ebusika obuneqhwa, izimpisi azihambelani nezimpisi, ngisho nezincane. Ehlathini elinamandla, ihlathi eliminyene noma ngesikhathi sezulu esibuyela entwasahlobo, umhlambi ungashayela kalula ithole noma umuntu omdala oshisayo. Ama-artiodactyls amakhulu awakwazi ukumelana ne-lynx noma i-wolverine, eqapha inyamazane esiqwini sesihlahla. Ukujaha okuvela phezulu, izidla zinamathela entanyeni, zilume imithambo.

UMoose ucasulwa kakhulu yizihlobo zasehlobo, izimpungushe namahhashi. Izibungu zabo zihlala ku-nasopharynx. Njengoba isibalo esikhulu sazo, ubunzima bokuphefumula buvela, izilwane ezincelisayo ziphelile, ngoba kunzima kuye ukudla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyafa. Ukusuka kokulunywa yizicubu zamahhashi emilenzeni yezilwane kuvela izilonda ezingapholi ezaphuma igazi.

Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, beyikhona iminyaka lapho izilwane, zahlukunyezwa ngumvini, zaziphuma ziye ezindlini ngaphandle kokuphendula izinja noma abantu. Izakhamizi zemizana zazithela amanzi ngaphezu kwezilwane ezilunywe yifu, ezazigcwele intuthu, kepha azikwazanga ukusindisa wonke umuntu ekufeni.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

Photo: Animal Elk

Ngenxa yokudoba okungalingani, inani labantu abazinzile kahle abangamahlathi amakhulu kunabo bonke abangazange baqale ukuncipha kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lesi silwane siqothulwe, noma sicishe saphela, ezifundeni eziningi lapho satholakala khona ngaphambili, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana ekuzingeleni, izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo kuholele ekubuyiselweni kancane kancane kwendawo yokuhlala yangaphambili. Kusuka esikhunjeni eskk, ama-camisoles namabhulukwe agibele, abizwa ngokuthi "ama-leggings," ngaphambili ayathungwa.

Ekupheleni kwama-20s ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia kungenzeka ukubala kungabi ngaphezu kwabantu abambalwa. Izinqumo zokunqanda ukudoba (ngaphandle kwaseSiberia) zaholela ekutheni ukwanda kwesitoko kuqale ngasekupheleni kwama-30s. Futhi, izilwane zithuthele esifundeni eseningizimu impela, lapho kwakhiwa khona amahlathi amancane ezindaweni zokuqothuka nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.

Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu ye-Patriotic, inani lama-artiodactyl engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia laphinde lehla kakhulu. Ngo-1945, kwethulwa umthetho wokuzingela, futhi kwaqala umzabalazo onzima nezimpisi. Ukwehliswa kwenani labazingeli abampunga, inhlangano yezindawo zokongiwa kwemvelo, ukwethulwa kwezinhlanzi ezinamalayisense kwakuyizinto ezinqumayo ezaba nomthelela wokwanda okuphawulekile kwenani lemfuyo.

Inani labantu abangathathi hlangothi endaweni ye-RSFSR lalingu:

• ngo-1950 - izinkulungwane ezingama-230,
• ngo-1960 - 500 izinkulungwane
• ngo-1980 - Izinkulungwane ezingama-730
• Ngo-1992 - izinkulungwane ezingama-904

Ngemuva kwalokho ukwehla kwaqala, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2000 isibalo sasingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-630. Ngobubanzi obuncane kakhulu, ngasikhathi sinye eNyakatho. Kuze kube yizigidi eziyikhulu zama-moose ezazihlala eMelika, eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-150 eNorway, eziyinkulungwane eFinland, kanye naseSweden eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Futhi lokhu kuyinto emazweni lapho lesi silo sicishe sabhujiswa ngaphambili. Isimo sokulondolozwa komhlaba wonke walesi silwane saziwa ngokuthi "okungabalulekanga kangako".

E-Russia, ngokusho kochwepheshe, noma kucatshangelwa izintshisekelo zezamahlathi, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhuphuke isibalo se-moose sifike kwizigidi ezi-3, manje isibalo sabo cishe siyizinkulungwane ezingama-700-800. Yize lesi silwane singasongeliswa ukubhujiswa, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukuphepha kwaso futhi sande isibalo semfuyo. Elk ungahlala ekudingisweni yinyama yokudla, isikhumba, izimpondo nobisi.

Umbala

Izinwele ze-elk zinombala omnyama noma onsundu-omnyama ku-torso engenhla. Iguquka ngokushelela ibe tint nsundu phansi. Izingalo eziphansi zenziwe mhlophe. Ehlobo, umbala we-moose umnyama.

Cishe wonke umuntu ofunda incazelo yama-moose ezincwadini zezethenjwa uyazi ukuthi ama-sax anezilokazane ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Isilinganiso sabo sifinyelela ku-180 cm futhi isisindo sabo singama-20 kg. Uphondo luqukethe isiqu esikhulu futhi esifushane nefosholo elincane, eline-concave, elizungezwe izinqubo eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Ezilwane zeminyaka ehlukene, ubude bezinqubo, ubude bazo, nosayizi we-spade ngokwako kuhlukile. Lapho i-moose indala, inamandla kakhulu nezimpondo zayo, ifosholo libanzi, futhi izinqubo zimfushane.

Unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, izimpondo ezincane zikhula ematholeni e-moose. Ekuqaleni zithambile kakhulu, zimbozwe isikhumba esibuthakathaka nezinwele ezinovili. Izimpondo zihlatshwe ngemithambo yegazi, ngakho-ke zilimaza isilwane esincane ngokulunywa yisinambuzane futhi siphume igazi lapho silinyazwa. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, izimpondo ziyaqina, nokuhlinzeka kwegazi kuyaphela kuzo. Eminyakeni emihlanu, ukufakwa kwesigaxa (i-antler) kuba kukhulu futhi kusindeke: okokukhula kuyanda, bese izinqubo ziba mfushane.

Ingabe ibhalwe encwadini ebomvu?

Sikunikeze incazelo emfushane ye-moose. INcwadi ebomvu, ngenhlanhla, ayikakenziwa kabusha nalesi silwane. Kepha njengoba isibalo sanje sehla, lezi izilwane kufanele zivikeleke kubazingeli. Kodwa-ke, iSukhaty ifakiwe ezincwadini eziBomvu zezifunda zezinye izifunda kanye nama-republic, lapho ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene inani layo liphansi impela. Isibonelo, i-elk ifakiwe encwadini ebomvu ye-Omsk esifundeni.

Ehlobo

Ehlobo, isabelo sezilwane siqukethe izinto ezinjalo:

1. Amaqabunga ezihlahla kanye nezihlahla: i-aspen, umlotha, umlotha wentaba, imephu, inyoni ihlosi.
2. Umbrella utshani obude obukhula ekushisweni nakuma-glade: iklabishi lomlilo, itiye le-ivan, i-meadowsweet meadowsweet, i-nettle.
3. Izitshalo ezikhula eduze namanzi noma amachibi: iwashi elinamaqabunga amathathu, iminduze yamanzi, ama-horsetails, i-sedge (entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo).
4. Amakhowe.
5. Amagatsha namajikijolo e-lingonberry, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ehlobo kuba nenala enkulu yokudla, kepha lokhu akwanele ukusebenza kahle kwesitho sesilo. Isisekelo sokondleka kuhlala amagatsha, ngaphandle kwayo inqubo yokugaya iphazamiseka ezilwaneni. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamagatsha e-zoo, umoyana one-herbivorous ubesifa, yize okunye okuphakelayo bekuyinala - hay, kugxila.

Ebusika

Ingxenye yokuqala yobusika, izilwane zidla izihlahla eziqhakazayo nezihlahlana: amajikijolo, umoyida, uphayini, umlotha wasentabeni. Ziwusizo linden futhi alder. Engxenyeni yesibili yobusika, zidla amaConifers. Ukushintshela kokuphakelayo okunje akubangelwa ukushoda kwezinhlobo zokudla ezifanele, kepha kunesidingo somzimba. Ukudla okuphoqelelwa ubusika kufaka phakathi amahlumela e-birch aqukethe ukungondleki.

Ubusika ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo, izilwane zidla hay. Zidla kuze kufike ku-1 kg we-hay ngosuku. Befunda okuphakayo umhlume okhetha ubusika, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi i-hay akuyona ukudla okuphoqwayo. Ama-Sokhats akhetha i-hay, ngisho nokudla okuningi okukholekayo nokunempilo.

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izilwane zidla amagxolo ezihlahleni kanye nama-lichens. Enyakatho, amagxolo ayaqhuma, kanti inyumba ayikwazi ukuyidla, kanti ilayisi lifihlwe ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngaphansi kweqhwa kukhona okunye okuphakelayo: ama-sedge nama-berry bush. Ukugwema ukulahleka kokushisa, baphuza amanzi amancane futhi abadli iqhwa.

Habitat

AmaMoose atholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Sisatshalaliswa eRussia (ukusuka eNhlonhlo yeKola kuya emaqeleni aseningizimu), eYurophu (eFinland, eNorway, engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Ukraine, eHungary, ePoland, emazweni aseBaltic). Futhi, bahlala emazweni ase-Asia: i-Far East, iNyakatho neMongolia kanye nenyakatho mpumalanga yeChina. Lesi silwane sitholakala engxenyeni ye-Sibiga yeSiberia, kuze kufike ehlathini-tundra. Bahlala e-USA: ohlangothini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga, e-Alaska naseCanada.

Manje, inani labantu elike alisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, kodwa ngekhulu le-19 izilwane ezazihlalisa iYurophu zachithwa ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngo-1920, izindlela ezisebenzayo seziqale ukuvikela izikhonkwane futhi zibuyisela inani labo labantu eYurophu.

Indawo

E-Russia, indawo yokuhlala ye-elk ihlanganisa cishe zonke izindawo zamahlathi nehlathi-tundra. Ebusika, izilwane zihlala emahlathini amancane esihlahla sezihlahla ezi-spruce-deciduous, zikhetha izigodi ezivikelwe yizintaba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane kubanzi kakhulu:

• ehlobo zingabonakala e-tundra evulekile amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka endaweni yehlathi,
• kwesinye isikhathi, izilwane ziya ogwini lolwandle olusenyakatho,
• ebusika bazulazula eningizimu beya ehlathini-tundra.

Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, i-elk ayisona isilwane se-taiga. Lo mbono wasungulwa ngesikhathi lapho lezi zilwane zacishe zabhujiswa ngokuphelele enkabeni yeYurophu.

Izindawo ezilandelayo zokuhlala zingahlukaniswa:

1. I-Forest-steppe - amahlathi anobuhlakani noma ahlanganisiwe lapho kunamaxhaphozi, imifula emincane, imifudlana. Ehlathini, ama-moose akhetha ukuhlala lapho ukukhula kwentsha kanye nomlilo kukhula ngokunamandla - ukudla okuthandayo kwama-moose. Lezi zilwane azihlali emahlathini ngaphandle kokugcwala, zinezihlahla ezinde. I-Moose ithanda ukuhlala ogwini lwamachibi nemifula, emigodini yemigwaqo yemifino emincane neminye.
2. Lesotundra. I-Moose khetha amahlathi e-birch nezihlahla ze-aspen zokuphila.
3. Amabhange emifuleni yamachibi namachibi asezingeni elithile. Bafuna ogwini olugqunywe izihlahla nezihlahla ezincane. Imvamisa, ama-moose akhetha indawo enamanzi embozwe nge-shrub birch, uphayini, umcamelo. Izilwane zidla imifino yasemanzini.
4. I-Mountain taiga. AmaSukhoi atholakala ezindaweni ezinophumulo olunomusa - izigodi ezibanzi, ezibhukuda noma ezigcwele imithombo yamanzi. Am Moose atholakala endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-1800-2000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, nase-Altai endaweni yeshashalazi nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi - kuze kufike ku-2200- 2400 m.

Ikhetha izimo ezifanele zokuhlala, induna ifuna isiphephelo esihle kwababi. Le nto ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesilwane. Ezindaweni lapho abantu nezinye izitha zingabathola khona, izilwane zicasha ngesikhathi sasemini ngamathanga aminyene omsele we-alder noma ukukhula kwe-coniferous. Kunzima ukubona i-moose lapho.

UMoose uhlala endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila yesilwane nokuhlala lapho bekwazi ukuhamba amabanga amancanyana beyofuna ukudla. Ehlobo, ibanga lokuhamba kwe-sushi likhulu kunobusika. Ngenkathi ebandayo, bazulazula besiya ezifundeni ezingathathwe iqhwa kusuka ezindaweni lapho isembozo seqhwa sifinyelela ku-70 cm. Lesi simo siyabonakala eSiberia, e-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude. Entwasahlobo, izilwane zibuyela endaweni yazo. Ebusika, ama-moose ahlala emithambekeni yomthunzi, ngoba emthunzini iqhwa liqabile.

Izitha

Ezilwane zasendle, okomileyo kunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Ubukhulu bawo namandla asabisa izinyamazane ezincane. Amabhere kuphela (grizzly noma brown) nezimpisi ezingazihlasela.

Amabhere akhetha ukuzingela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho lapho kuneqhwa eliningi khona. Bashiya umhume bese beqapha imbuzane, noma bezama ukushayela inyamazane iye emathangeni aminyene avimba umsundu ekulweni nezinselo zawo. Amabhere azingela ngenkani, kwesinye isikhathi axosha oklebe kuqhubu lweqhwa amakhilomitha amaningi. Kaningi, ibhere ihlasela imbuzane ekhulelwe noma imvukuzane encane. Izinsikazi ezivikela amawundlu ziziphatha kabi. Imvukuzane elwa nebhere ingalimaza noma ibulale ngokushaywa kwezinselo.

Izimpisi zithanda izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela. Bakhetha izindawo lapho kuneqhwa elincane, ngoba ngisho nama-moose amancane akakwazi ukubamba eqhweni elijulile. Kunzima ukuthi impisi ihlasele umuntu omdala, ngoba ingabhekana kalula nezinselo zayo. Uyedwa, impisi ihlasela kakhulu. Izimpisi zihlaselwa imihlambi, zivela ngemuva.

Izinyamazane ezincane zihlasela izilwane ezilimele nezilimele noma imidlwane emincane. Isitha esikhulu se-moose ngumuntu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bebazingela ama-moose ukuthola inyama nesikhumba.