Ukulunywa yizifo * Kuyathakazelisa

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Imikhaza ye-Ixodid - Izithwali zezinto eziphilayo eziningi. Kuze kube muva nje, izifo eziningi ezidluliselwa yimikhaza e-ixodid, njenge-tick-borne encephalitis kanye ne-tick-borne borreliosis, yayaziwa eRussia. Ngo-1998, i-monocytic ehrlichia yatholakala kumikhaza, kwathi i-monocytic ehrlichiosis yomuntu yaqala ukuqinisekiswa ezigulini, kwathi ngonyaka we-2002 kwavela ukuthi umenzeli wesinye isifo esidluliselwa umkhaza, i-anaplasmosis.

Ukuba khona kwendlela eyodwa yokudlulisela izifo, amabutho ajwayelekile kanye nezithwali zamagciwane kunquma ukuba khona kwe-kuhlangene okuhlangene kwezifo ezigxile emvelweni: i-tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), i-tick-borne tick-borne borreliosis (IKB), i-menocytic ehrlichiosis (MEC), ne-human monocytic ehlasmosis (GAC).

I-biology yama-pathogens izifo ezithathelwa ngabantu ezihambisana nemikhaza njengamanje isesimweni sokufunda okusebenzayo. Ngayinye yamagciwane ngemuva kokungena emzimbeni womuntu ithatha “i-niche” yayo yegciwane: igciwane le-TBE, elingena emgudwini wegazi kanye nososo oluketshezi wethikhi, lithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, isikhathi sokuqala kokuzala kabusha kwe-borrelia senzeka esikhunjeni, i-ehrlichia ne-pelalasma izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana egazi - leukocytes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-pathological zingakhula ngenxa yokufakwa kanyekanye kwamagciwane ahlukahlukene emzimbeni.

Izifo ezithwalwa ngumkhaza zinezimpawu ezimbalwa ezifanayo zekliniki, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.

Noma yisiphi isifo esenzeka ngemuva kokulunywa yi-tick kungaba i-mono - noma ukutheleleka okuxubile okubangelwe yigciwane elilodwa, amabili noma amathathu. Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, lapho uthintana nodokotela, abantu abathintwe ukulunywa yimikhaza noma ngemuva kokuvakashela ehlathini, kubalulekile ukuthi kuhlolwe yonke izifo, ama-causative agents adluliswa imikhaza.

Isifo seLyme Noma i-Borreliosis ekhishwa amathokheni

- Lesi yisifo esigxile emvelweni esidluliselwa imikhaza.

Iningi lezindawo ezinogqozi wemvelo we-borreliosis luseRussia, i-encephalitis ethwelwe ngethikhi ivame kulezi zindawo.

Isibalo samacala okutholakele i-borreliosis siyanda njengoba ukuxilongwa kwebhubhoratri kuthuthuka futhi nodokotela nomphakathi benolwazi olungcono. Kwasungulwa ukuthi inani leziguli ezibhalisiwe liphindwe izikhathi ezingama-5- 10 ngaphansi kwesigameko sangempela. Ukukhonjwa kweziguli okungaphelele kuholela ekwandeni kwesibalo seziguli ezinenkambo engapheli yesifo. Isifunda saseKaluga yisifunda lapho kunezimo ezinhle zokusakazwa kwemikhaza nokudluliselwa kwezifo kubantu (isimo sezulu esishisayo esinendawo enamahlathi, inqwaba yezilwane zasehlathini). Iziguli ezinesifo i-borreliosis zitholakala minyaka yonke esifundeni saseKaluga kuzo zonke izifunda zesifunda kanye nedolobha laseKaluga.

Ngo-2009, kwaqoshwa amacala ayi-148 e-borreliosis esifundeni saseKaluga. Ngo-2010, ngamacala angama-84, kwathi kuwo angama-54 amacala abhaliswa eKaluga, ayi-12 - e-Obninsk, angu-18 ezifundeni (i-Borovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Zhukovsky, Kirovsky, Kozelsky, Lyudinovsky, Spas-Demensky, Tarussky, Yukhnovsky). Ngo-2011, ngamacala angama-87, kuwo angama-34 - edolobheni laseKaluga, 11 - edolobheni lase-Obninsk, 23 - esifundeni saseLyudinovsky, 19 - ezifundeni ezisele zesifunda (Borovsky, Zhizdrinsky, Zhukovsky, Kirovsky, Kozelsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Spas-Demensky )

Ukuhlaselwa kwabakhubazekile yi-borrelia esifundeni saseKaluga kuphezulu; lapho kuhlolwa imikhaza ethathwe kubantu, i-borrelia yatholakala ngo-2009 ku-14,9%, ngonyaka we-2010 ngamacala ayi-12,2% kwathi ngo-2011 - 14% amacala. Lesi sifo sikhula ngo-40-50% wabantu abalunywe yimikhaza ethelelekile (ngenyanga yokuqala). Ukudluliselwa kwamagciwane kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamahora okuqala kokubulawa komzimba emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJulayi, kuye ngezinga elincane ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ukuvezwa kwesifo ngalesi sikhathi kuvezwa - kusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube nguNovemba ngokwanda kwezigameko ngoJuni-Julayi.

I-Borreliosis - Isifo esinezifo ezinde ezingamahlalakhona, lapho kuthinteka khona izitho eziningi nezinhlelo eziningi: isikhumba, izinzwa nezinzwa zenhliziyo, amalunga, amehlo, isibindi, umgogodla nabanye. Isikhathi sokufakwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-35, ngokwesilinganiso - amasonto ama-2.

Esikhathini sokuqala kwesifo (emavikini ama-1-3 ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza), uma isifo senzekile, ubomvu kwesikhumba (ibala = erythema) kwenzeka endaweni yokulunywa, okuthi kancane kancane ikhule ibe ngamasentimitha (ukusuka ku-5-10 cm noma ngaphezulu) futhi kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi eside (kufika kumaviki 4- 10). Kwabanye abantu, ubomvu kwesikhumba akuveli ndawo, futhi kulezi zimo lesi sifo esibucayi kunzima ukusibona. Odokotela baphatha iziguli ezinjalo ezivela kwezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Futhi, esigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo kubonakaliswa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ukuya kuma-38- 39 ° C, ikhanda, izinhlungu emisipha ehlukahlukene kanye nokuhlangana. Lezi zimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezingama-3-7. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pathogen ngegazi iyiswa ezithweni ezahlukahlukene, lapho ukuvuvukala kuvela khona. Imvamisa kakhulu yinhliziyo, amalunga, amehlo, izindlebe, ubanzi kanye nama-lymph node. Futhi-ke, iziguli ziphendukela kochwepheshe abahlukahlukene: ama-neuropathologists, ama-rheumatologists, ama-dermatologists, futhi baphathwa ngephutha njengeziguli ezine-dermatitis, radiculitis, meningitis, isifo samathambo.

Esikhathini esedlule sesifo, kuthinteka izitho nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi: isikhumba, amalunga, uhlelo lwezinzwa, amehlo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu eziningi ezikhombisa uphawu lwe-tick-borne borreliosis zenzeka kwezinye izifo, ukutholwa kwesikhathi kwalesi sifo kungenzeka ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu okuphoqelekile. Uma ilabhorethi ithola ama-pathogens we-borreliosis emikhakheni, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wendawo (udokotela ojwayelekile, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelanayo noma udokotela wezingane) ukunquma inkambo yokwelashwa kokuthibela. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ubude besifo futhi uvikele ukukhula kwezigaba zokugcina zalesi sifo. Ekupheleni kwesifo, ukwelashwa akuhlali kuphumelela, ikakhulukazi, ngomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Ucwaningo lwelebhu lokuhlonza iziguli ezine-borreliosis lwenziwa elabhoratri lomnyango wezifo eziyingozi kakhulu. I-serum yegazi yokuhlolelwa i-borreliosis ithathwa kokubili ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nasezakhamuzini. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-borreliosis kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi ingabe ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemuva kokulimala, nokuthi umzimba wakhululwa yini kwi-pathogen ngemuva kokwelashwa. Kulezi zimo, isampula yegazi yenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuqalwa kwalesi sifo, noma izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ngemuva kokulunywa yi-tick (isampula yegazi yenziwa endaweni yokuhlala emtholampilo).

IMOOCITARY HERALCHIOSIS YOMUNTU.

I-Human Monitory Ehrlichiosis (MEC) yisifo semvelo egxile ekwenzeka ngesimo sokugula okulimazayo okubangelwa izifo ezingena emzimbeni ezithinta enye yezinhlobo zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi - i-monocytes.

Ukutheleleka ngalesi sifo kwenzeka ngokulunywa umkhaza. Amacala alesi sifo ayabonakala entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ahambisana nomsebenzi ezindlini zasehlobo, ukuvakasha kaningi ehlathini nasezindaweni zokuzijabulisa zasepaki.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho umkhaza usunwa. Umenzeli we-causative ungena egazini, ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana okufakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi namaseli amhlophe egazi. Njengoba sezingene kumaseli abucayi, ama-microorganisms ayanda kuwo, futhi ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana, angena egazini futhi athelele okusha.

Izitho ezahlukahlukene zithinteka: isikhumba, isibindi, isimiso sezinzwa, umongo. Amathuba enkambo engapheli yesifo ayabandakanywa.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezingama-29 (isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-13). Lesi sifo siqala ngokuqinile, senyuka ngokushisa sifinyelele kuma-38- 40 ° C, sihambisana nokushiswa, kubonakale izimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka, i-malaise, ikhanda. Iningi leziguli linomphimbo obuhlungu, ukuqubuka kwamakhala, ukukhwehlela komile.

Ubuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, imisipha nobuhlungu obuhlangene, kwesinye isikhathi ubuhlungu bomgogodla, ukuzwakala kwezinyawo, ushintsho ekucindezelweni kwegazi nakho kungabonakala.

Ingxenye yesithathu yeziguli inenkambo ethile yesifo. Igagasi lesibili linobunzima obukhulu. Ukungabikho kwezimpawu okukhona kulesi sifo (izimpawu ezejwayelekile ziyanda, okujwayelekile ezifweni eziningi) kwenza kube nzima ukuqashelwa ukutheleleka ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Elebhu yomnyango wezifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi, kuhlolwa igazi okwenzelwe i-ehrlichiosis (ELISA), izindleko zokuhlaziywa kwe-1 ngama-ruble angama-400. 00 kopecks

IHUMAN GRANULOCYTIC ANAPLASMOSIS

I-human granulocytic anaplasmosis (GAC) yisifo esibuthakathaka esinamandla nesithombe somtholampilo ohlukahlukene, umenzeli wayo obangelwa yimikhaza.

Umuntu uyangenwa ngesikhathi sokuchithwa kwegazi komkhaza, entwasahlobo nasehlobo lapho evakashele ehlathini, nalapho esebenza engadini nasehlobo ehlobo.

I-pathogen ingena egazini lomuntu onamathe othosi bese isakazeka emzimbeni wonke, ibangele ukuvuvukala ezithweni zangaphakathi. Njengomphumela wokungena kwe-pathogen kumaseli amhlophe egazi (amaseli amhlophe egazi) nokukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kubo, ukungatheleleki kwezinye izifo kuncishisiwe.

Isikhathi sokufakwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-23 (ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-13). Ukuqalwa okubukhali kwesifo ngokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa kuya kumanani aphezulu kuyinto ebonakalisayo. Umkhuhlane lo uhlala ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-10. Ubuthakathaka, imalave, ikhanda lekhanda kuyavela.

Iziguli zinokukhubazeka okucashile, kwehlise umfutho wegazi, isiyezi, nenausea. Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izimpawu zesifo ziphela ngokushesha. Ukungabikho kwezimpawu zokuphila kwalesi sifo kwenza kube nzima ukubona ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri. Elebhu yomnyango wezifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi, kuhlolwa igazi okwenzelwe i-anaplasmosis (indlela - i-ELISA), izindleko zokuhlaziywa kwe-1 ngama-ruble angama-400. 00 kopecks

I-encephalitis ebangwa yi-tick yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane esibonakala ngomonakalo odabeni olimpunga lobuchopho kanye nomgogodla, okuholela ekukhuleni kwe-flaccid paresis nokukhubazeka komzimba.

Umenzeli we-causative yi-virus evela emndenini we-togavirus. Hlukanisa umehluko phakathi kwe-Central European kanye ne-Far Eastern e-tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Kubhekiselwa kwizifo ezigxile emvelweni ngenkathi yesizini yasentwasahlobo. Ukutheleleka komuntu kwenzeka ngokulimala kokukhishwa, indlela yokuthwalwa kokudla kungenzeka (uma usebenzisa ubisi olungavuthiwe lwezimbuzi, izinkomo ezivame kakhulu). Lesi sifo senzeka ezindaweni ezihlala umkhaza, ezindaweni ze-taiga nasehlathini. Emithanjeni yamathe wethishu elingene gciwane, igciwane liningi. Lapho umkhaza uluma, leli gciwane lingena egazini bese lingena kumaseli wesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, libangele ushintsho olukhulu kuwo.

Izimpawu nenkambo yalesi sifo.

Ukusuka ekudlulisweni kwegciwane kuya ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-8 kuye kwezingu-23 (imvamisa yi-10-14), kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-60. Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala kahle. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izehlakalo ezinjengobuthakathaka, i-malaise, ikhanda, isicanucanu, nokuphazamiseka kokulala kuyabonakala. Kubonakala ngokuba buthakathaka okwethusayo emilenzeni, izicubu zentamo, ukushuba kwesikhumba sobuso nentamo. Kamuva, ukuvuvukala kokulimazeka kwengqondo kanye nodaba lobuchopho luyakhula. Ukushisa komzimba kufinyelela ku-39-40 ° C futhi kuqhubeke kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-10. Ukulimala okuvame kakhulu kwe-flaccid kanye ne-paresis yemisipha yehlombe lentamo (uphawu lwe- "drooping ikhanda"), ukulimaza izinzwa ze-cranial, kanye nekhanda elibukhali, intamo eqinile (akunakwenzeka ukucindezela isilevu esifubeni). Ukuqwashisa kukhubazekile (kusuka ku-stupor emnene kuye kufushane).

Ukuxilongwa . Lapho uqaphela, cabanga ngesizinda sobuhubhane (ukulunywa umkhaza, izinkathi ezithile zonyaka) kanye nezilonda ezivelele zohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwelabhoratri kokutholwa kokushona kuvela ngosuku lwesikhombisa kuya kwezifo ezingama-Ig M kanye nokwanda kwe-titer ye-Ig G antibodies etholwe yi-ELISA.

Ukwelashwa . Ukuphumula kombhede oqinile esikhathini esibi sesifo.

Abantu abangagonywanga noma abangagonywanga ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokulunywa yikhambi njengezindlela ezithile zokwelapha phakathi namahora angama-96 okuqala badinga ukwethulwa kwe-anti-encephalitis donor immunoglobulin. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4 izinsuku ezingama-28, ukufukelwa kwe-encephalitis ebekwa umkhaza - umuthi awulawulwa, ngoba lokhu kungakhulisa ukubonakaliswa kwesifo.

Isimo sezulu . Isikhathi sokutakula sithatha iminyaka emi-2. Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha eyakhiwe kabusha kubuyiselwa kancane. Ukufa kungu-5-30%.

Ukuvimbela . Abantu abahlela uhambo lokuya ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka (i-Urals, iSiberia, iFar East, izifunda zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga neRussia, njll.) Banikezwa i-prophylaxis ehlanganyelwe futhi yomuntu ngamunye nokugoma ngokugomela i-tephalitis gick. Ukuqedwa kwezifundo kucatshangelwe inyanga eyi-1 ngaphambi kokushiya isikhungo. Ngamanye amagama, uma uhlela ukuya emahlathini e-taiga nethimba lokwakha abafundi ngesikhathi samaholide ehlobo noma uphumule ethendeni elisogwini lomfula endaweni ethile eKarelia, kufanele uqale ukugoma ngoFebhuwari - Mashi.

Uma wehluleka ukuzivikela ekufuneni umkhaza, ungazikhiphi ngokwakho, kepha thintana nesikhungo sezokwelapha esiseduze lapho abezempilo bephoqelelwa ukuthi bakusize ekususeni umkhaza futhi bakwazise ngesidingo sokufuna usizo lodokotela uma kwenzeka uphambuka esimweni sempilo ngesikhathi. Emavikini ama-3 ngemuva kokulunywa.

Ungalokothi ususe imbube ekhishiwe.

Kufanele ifakwe ebhodleleni elihlanzekile elinengcezu encane yoboya bekotini ehlanganiswa namanzi, i-gauze noma iphepha lokuhlunga futhi ilethwe ukuze ihlaziywe elabhoratri ye-virology, lapho bayobheka khona umkhaza osusile lapho ukhona ngenxa yegciwane elibangwa yi-encephalitis emzimbeni wakho futhi unikeze izincomo ezifanele.

I-Virological laboratory FBUZ "Isikhungo Sokuhlanzeka kanye ne-Epidemiology esifundeni saseKaluga" itholakala ekhelini: Kaluga, st. I-chicherin, d.1 a.

Ucingo ngemibuzo (4842) 55-01-09.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo .

Ukuthi izifo ezithwalwa yimikhaza zidluliselwa kanjani kubantu?
Izifo ezithwalwa yimikhaza idluliselwa ikakhulukazi ngokulunywa umkhaza (i-taiga noma ihlathi) ngesikhathi sokuchithwa kwegazi - yingakho igama lesifo. I-taiga tick ihlala empumalanga yezwe lethu - kuso sonke isifunda se-taiga ye-Asia ne-Europe - ukusuka eKamchatka naseNyakatho Sakhalin kuya ezifundeni ezisempumalanga zeLeningrad Region (Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories, Western kanye ne-Eastern Siberia, i-Urals, izifunda ezisenyakatho nengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia, ngaphandle kweNyakatho Ekude) . I-tick ihlala endaweni yaseYurophu yaseRussia - entshonalanga yeVolga, eCrimea, eCaucasus, esifundeni esiphakathi nendawo. Emikhakheni, amagciwane adluliselwa kusuka kowesifazane aye kwesinye inzalo, ngakho-ke amagciwane asakazeka njalo phakathi kwawo.
Ama-pathogens athwalwa imikhaza nawo angadluliselwa. ngokuxhumana - ngokulinyazwa okuncane kwesikhumba (ngokulimaza umkhaza, ngokuskena), kanye ngokudla - uma usebenzisa ubisi olungavuthiwe lwezimvu nezimbuzi, izinkomo ezivame kakhulu. Ukusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, lezi zifo azidluliselwa! Amakati nezinja zilwa negciwane le-encephalitis virus elibekwe umkhaza, izinja zingathola i-borreliosis!

Ngabe ukutheleleka kweickick kungenzeka nini?

Iningi labantu lithambekele ekulimaleni ukulunywa entwasahlobo nasengxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, lapho umsebenzi wekhick uphezulu kakhulu. Ukuqala kwesizini kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ekuqaleni, entwasahlobo efudumele, ukulunywa imikhaza kubhalwe phansi ngoMashi. Kodwa-ke, maqondana ne-encephalitis ethwelwe umkhaza, i-nuance iwukuthi entwasahlobo, inani legciwane kumikhaza livame ukuba liphansi ngenxa yokuthi igciwane le-encephalitis virus elikhishwa inyumbazane alizibekezeleli izinguquko eziqinile zokushisa, ikakhulukazi ukuguquka kwalo nge-0 0 С. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo noma ekwindla Isikhathi, ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi amathuba wokulunywa i-tick aphansi, amathuba okukhulisa ifomu elinamandla liphezulu ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwegciwane elingaphezulu.
Imikhaza ihlala isebenza emini, kepha ngezinsuku ezinelanga ukushisa kwabo okukhulu kuyabonakala Ukusuka ngo-8 a.m. kuya ku-11 a.m. kwehla kakhulu esikhathini sasemini futhi kwanda futhi phakathi nenkathi kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-20 h . Ngezinsuku ezinamafu nangemvula efudumele eshisayo, amandla abo okuhlasela asala afinyelela ezingeni elifanayo. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi semvula enkulu, umsebenzi wabo wehla kakhulu.

Iningi lezindawo zemvelo zemikhaza zitholakala emahlathini, ngokuvamisile phakathi kwamahlathi angajulile nokuchithwa, emahlathini e-coniffort nasezigodini zamahlathi. Imikhaza ithanda izindawo ezinomswakama, ngakho-ke inani labo ezindaweni ezinjalo likhulu kakhulu. Imikhaza eminingi ihlala ngaphansi kwezigodi zamahlathi, kanye naseziphethweni zamahlathi, ngemifino eminyene esebeni lomfula osezihlathini, kanye nasemaphethelweni amahlathi nasezindleleni ezigcwele utshani. Imikhaza nayo iyatholakala emahlathini ezimboni, emabhange ezinqolobane, ezindaweni zokugcina ngisho nasemapaki asemadolobheni. Bayakwazi ukuhogela umuntu noma isilwane ebangeni elingaba ngamamitha ayi-10, futhi bagxile kulezo zindawo lapho izilwane nabantu zivame ukuvakashela (izindawo zezindawo zokuphuza, izindlela zehlathi).

Ungazivikela kanjani ekulimeni umkhaza?

Imikhaza ayikhuphuki izitshalo ziye endaweni ephakeme (ingabi ngaphezu kuka-1.5 m), zinamathela ezingutsheni kaningi emilenzeni futhi ziyakwazi ukukhasa phezulu kuphela . Ngakho-ke, lapho uhamba ehlathini noma uhamba ezindaweni ezinamabhishi amaningi notshani obude, kubalulekile ukuvumelanisa izembatho ezigqokekayo ngendlela yokuthi kube nzima kakhulu ukunamathisela nokungena komkhaza ngaphansi kwezingubo:
1. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izingubo zibushelelezi futhi zilula (ngokumelene nesizinda esikhanyayo, imikhaza kulula ukuyazi),
2. i-collar kanye ne-cuffs yengubo kufanele ifakwe ngokuqinile, ingxenye yayo engezansi kufanele ifakwe ibhulukwe (umphumela omuhle kakhulu, ungayibopha nge-ribbons),
3. Faka phansi ibhulukwe ngaphansi kwamabhuthi noma amasokisi,
4. Sebenzisa sweatshi noma ijakhethi ene-hood enamathayi noma nge-band elastic (ukuvikela intamo), lapho kungekho-hood - isigqoko.
Kunconyiweizidakamizwa ze-acaricidal- ukubulala imikhaza (“Gardeks aerosol extreme” (Italy), “anti-tick Gickeks”, “Fumitox-anti-tick”, njll.). Izingubo kuphela eziphathwa ngamalungiselelo we-acaricidal (ibhulukwe - endaweni engezansi yomlenze, ijekete noma ihembe - ingxenye engezansi, indawo yokholomu, kanye nama-cuffs wemikhono).

On the udaba ukwelashwa kusuka imikhaza Ungaxhumana nomnyango wokugcina wokuzivikela ngocingo: 57-24-80.

Kungathatha kufika emahoreni angama-1-2 ukucinga indawo yokunamathiselwa nokunamathiselwe umkhaza, kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imikhaza yabesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, bondla egazini isikhathi esifushane (amahora amaningi) bese inyamalala ngokuzimela - ngaleyo ndlela ukulunywa umkhaza wesilisa kungaqashelwa . Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uhlala ehlathini kubalulekile ukufeza kahle ukuzihlola nokuzicabangela wonke Imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30 .

Lapho ushiya ihlathi noma uchithe ubusuku ehlathini, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlola okuningilizayo ngokungaxineki. Lapho kuhlolwa, kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile izingxenye ezinwele ezinomzimba, izicubu zesikhumba, ama-auricles, izindawo ezinama-axillary nezama-inguinal, isifuba (izindawo ezivame kakhulu ukubekwa imikhaza), kanye nama-fold and seams ezingutsheni. Kuncike ekuhlolweni ngokucophelela zonke izinto ezenziwa ehlathini, kanye nezilwane . Uma kungenzeka, epikinikini noma ubusuku obuningi ngokwemvelo, khetha izindawo ezivulekile ezinezimbozo zotshani ezingasho lutho nezihlahla noma cishe ezingenazo ngokuphelele.

• Ukugoma kuyisivikelo esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu ekuvimbeleni i-encephalitis enamaqhinga!Lapho uya ezifundeni ezivinjezelwa yi-encephalitis ebekwa umkhaza, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha noma isikhungo sokugomela ukugonywa okuphuthumayo.

• Uma kwenzeka ungenwa yigickrel neBorrelia, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela noma uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelanayo emtholampilo womphakathi, futhi kunqunywe nemithi elwa namagciwane.

Ukwelashwa ixodici-tick-borne borreliosis kufanele kwenziwe esibhedlela sezifo ezithathelwanayo, lapho, okokuqala, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngenhloso yokubhujiswa kwe-borrelia, ngenkathi ukululama okugcwele kwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka, siba esingamahlalakhona, kanti kwezinye izimo siholela ekukhubazekeni.
I-Anaplasmosis ne-ehrlichiosis njengamanje akuqondakali kahle. Kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi lezi zifo ezisebenziseka ekwelashweni ngemithi elwa namagciwane .

-Uma umkhaza ungakahlolwa izifo ezithwalwa umkhaza, kumele uthinte isikhungo sezokwelapha ngokushesha,

- Uma ezinsukwini zokuqala noma amasonto ngemuva kokuvakashela ehlathini unemfiva, uzizwa ungasenamandla nobuthakathaka obuhlangene nomkhuhlane - qiniseka ukubonana nodokotela.

Elebhu yomnyango wezifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi isifundo esibanzi samakhaza kwezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza: i-borreliosis, i-encephalitis, i-anaplasmosis ne-ehrlichiosis - izindleko zama-ruble angama-800. Imikhaza ethathwe ezilwaneni ihlolwe (uma umkhaza utholakala esilwaneni, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane)! Mhlawumbe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza - izindleko ezingama-ruble angama-800. Futhi elabhorethri ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza: I-Borreliosis - izindleko zama-ruble angama-590., I-Ehrlichiosis - izindleko zama-ruble angama-400., I-Anaplasmosis - intengo yama-ruble angama-400., Encephalitis 1 - intengo yama-ruble angama-450.

- I-Laborator yezifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi (1 i-chicherin St.)

nsuku zonke kusuka ku-8-00 kuye ku-15-42, kwasemini kusuka ngo-12-30 kuye ku-13-00,

ukulethwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kusuka ku-14-30 kuye ku-15-30.

- umnyango wokulondolozwa wokulondolozwa (i-Barrikad St., 181)

(c) Ihhovisi le-Federal Service Lokwengamela Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Abathengi kanye Nenhlalonhle Yabantu esifundeni saseKaluga, 2006 ukuya ku-2020

Uma ungatholanga imininingwane edingekayo, zama ukuya kunguqulo yakudala yesayithi

I-Etiology kanye ne-epidemiology

I-Thrombidiasis ibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomzimba obomvu: I-Leptus autumnalis (izibungu Trombicula autumnalis , ukuvumelanisa: Neotrombicula autumnalis ), I-Trombicula alfreddugesi (syn. I-Eutrombicula alfreddugesi, I-Thrombicula irritans ), Ama-battas e-Eutrombicula , I-Eutrombicula iyaqaqamba , Leptotrombidium akamushi , Leptotrombidium ukudiliva nabanye

Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda angamakhulu amaningana. Umjikelezo wempilo yezintwala ezibomvu-uqukethe izigaba ezi-7: iqanda, isandulelo, isibungu, iprefereph, i-deutonymph, i-tritonimph ne-imago. Izibungu zemikhaza ebomvu-mite ingu-0.12-0,5 mm ubude. Bahlasela izilwane nabantu, bondla uketshezi lwezicubu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-10 noma ngaphezulu zomsoco, ziyanyamalala ziphenduke isimangalo.

Umndeni womkhaza I-Trombiculidae kwandile emvelweni.

I-Thrombidiasis ibangelwa izibungu zezikhwanyana ezibomvu-izimbuzane ezibulala amagundane. Lesi sifo senzeka ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezingaphansi komhlaba, okuvame kakhulu - esimweni sezulu esifudumele (ngenkathi efudumele). Lapho beyofuna ukudla, izibungu ezinekhaza zigibela otshanini nasezihlahleni, lapho zihlasela khona izilwane nabantu. Abagula kaningi ngoJulayi - Septhemba, abantu babezibandakanya emahlathini nasehlathini.

I-Pathogenesis

Ukuhlaselwa kwezibungu ezinemilenze eyisithupha kuhlasela izindawo ezivulekile zesikhumba (ubuso, ama-auricles, izingalo, i-axillary fossa, imilenze ephansi, okhalweni, emuva emuva, i-scrotum, ama-buttocks lapho usebenza noma uhamba ehlobo. Kaningi abesifazane nezingane bayathinteka. Izambatho eziseduze ziphazamisa ukuhamba kwezibungu, ngakho-ke ama-ankle avame ukuthinteka ukulunywa. Isebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphamba likaChinin, izibungu zingena emlonyeni wezikhwanyana zezinwele futhi zephule ngenkuthalo ubuqotho besikhumba. Ngasikhathi sinye, into eyondlayo ayilona igazi, kepha amangqamuzana esikhumba. Esikhunjeni sesibambiso ngaphansi kwethonya lamathe wezibungu, kwakhiwa i-stylostome (isiteshi esinamaphrotheni esiyi-hollowine), lapho sisebenzisa uketshezi lwe-lymph ne-intercellular fluid. I-stylostoma inezinto eziqinile ze-antigenic. Kuyo yonke indawo, kwakheka ipulethi ebabazekayo kakhulu enobubanzi obungafika ku-2 cm, kubantu abathintekayo lokhu kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa. Ukuhlanganisa ukuluma kuholela ekufeni kwezibungu. Kulokhu, i-vesicle ivela maphakathi ne-papule, bese isisekelo siba yi-hemorrhagic. Ukulunywa nokuvutha kuhlale amasonto ambalwa. Imvamisa, ama-rashes amelelwa ukufakwa kokugqokisa onsomi noma ama-lenticular pustule, anyamalale ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4 futhi ashiye i-pigmentation ngemuva.

Esizeni sokudonswa kwe-parasite, ukulunywa kwenzeka, amabala ama-erythematous, amabhulukwe, ifomu lamaphaphu. Ukubala kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-pyoderma. Ukusabela okubuthakathaka kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphawulwa, okungafanele kuhlanganiswe nesigaba sokuqala se-tsutsugamushi, umenzeli obangela ukukhohlakala okubuye kube yisibungu sokukhishwa kwethole elibomvu.

Odinga ukukwazi mayelana nemikhaza nezifo

Sibeka imininingwane eminingi imininingwane echaza odinga ukuyazi ukuze ujwayele imikhaza nezifo abaziphethe.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi imikhaza iba kanjani abathwali bezifo. Umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa umkhaza uqukethe izigaba eziningana, njengakuma-arachnids amaningi okukhona kuwo imikhaza. Ngaphambi kokuthi igciwane lidlulele kwifomu yabantu abadala, kubizwa izigaba ezimbalwa zokuya esikhathini ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-nymphal.

Ama-tummy nymphs, njengabantu abadala, nawo ayakwazi ukuluma futhi adle ngegazi, kepha ikakhulukazi kulezo zilwane ezisondele kakhulu emhlabathini - amagundane, izinyoni, izidleke eziphephetha otshanini, nezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-nymphs mancane kakhulu futhi awakwazi ukuqhubekisela phezulu utshani noma amagatsha ezihlahla zezihlahla, ngakho-ke anokuncane ukuncika kubasubathi abanjengo muntu noma inja, kepha lokhu kungenzeka futhi.

Umthombo wokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kwama-ejenti athathelanayo ngamagundane - amagundane wensimu namagundane, eqinisweni, ayigazi lezifo eziningi.

Ngesikhathi sokuluma, ama-nymphs ngegazi lawo athatha ama-pathojeni futhi awagcine emizimbeni yawo, kuze kube yilapho eguqukela ebunzini, abese esiteji sabadala. Ngakho-ke, lapho ngonyaka olandelayo kuvela umkhaza wabantu abadala, i-pathogen yayo isivele iqukethe amathe.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amagundane angaqukatha i-pathogen emzimbeni wawo, okusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umkhaza ongaba abathwali abayingozi. Kunamamephu wonke wezindawo zokuphela kwezinhlobo ezithile zezifo ezithwalwa imikhaza. Zibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zemvelo okuyizona ezigxila kakhulu lapho izifo ezithwalwa yimikhaza zingaba khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imikhaza eyinhloko yama-tick, okungukuthi, lawo makhulu afanayo, ngobuningi bawo aqukethe amagciwane.

Akuzona zonke izizinda ezingapheli. Isibonelo, endaweni ethile, isifo singaba khona kulo nyaka, kodwa kungenzeka singabi ngokulandelayo. Endaweni yalo, kungavela enye noma ingekho nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, akekho noyedwa oyokwazi ukusho ngqo ukuthi lesi simo ngezifo ezithwalwa imikhaza sizokhula kanjani ngonyaka olandelayo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto:

Noma umkhaza esiteji sakhe sokukhula uluma igundane eligazi lakhe liqukethe i-pathogen, akulona iqiniso ukuthi ukuqina kwalo emzimbeni we-tick kuzohlala kuze kube unyaka olandelayo.
Umkhaza ongalumi, kepha umuka nje ezingubeni zomuntu noma esikhunjeni sakhe, awukwazi ukuthelela isifo.
Ukuphula umkhaza oshaqekile kungaba nomthelela ekuthelelekeni ezimweni ezingavamile, uma ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-pathogen kuphezulu kakhulu futhi umenzeli wakhe we-pathological ungene enxebeni lesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwama-mucous.
Ngesikhathi sokulunywa uphawu, i-pathogen ayiqali ukufika ngokushesha nangezingxenyana ezincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma umkhaza ususwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kokulunywa, khona-ke ukutheleleka kungenzeka kungabikhona.
Ngesikhathi sokususa i-parasite, kuyadingeka ukususa ikhanda layo. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, amathe ne-pathogen azoqhubeka nokugeleza ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Ngesikhathi ukuluma, izinambuzane kufanele zisuswe ngaphandle kokuchayeka kwangaphambili ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Noma yikuphi ukucasulwa kwethikhi kuzovusa ukukhishwa okusebenzayo kwamathe ayo, okuzoqinisa ukwanda kwe-pathogen kanye nethuba lokutheleleka.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta umkhaza?

Ukulimala komuntu kusuka ekulimeni okuqondile kwethikhi elingabonakali kubantu ngokuvamile akubonwa. Ngemuva kokususa i-parasite, kwanele ukwelapha isilonda sokulunywa nge-iodine ukugwema ukutheleleka, okungadala ukuqina endaweni yokuwaluma. Ngokuvamile, ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, akukho mkhondo oshiyiwe. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokungahambi kahle kokulunywa yikhaza. Lokhu kusabela kungaba mnene, kube nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezicasulayo, futhi ezimweni ezingatheni, i-allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) kanye ne-dermatitis ene-tick kungaqala ukukhula kakhulu.

I-Microscopic causative ejenti ye-borreliosis

Isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma umkhaza udlulisela amagciwane wezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi wangena egazini. Iningi lazo libangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, njengomkhuhlane, ikhanda, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nobuhlungu bemisipha. Izimpawu ezifanayo zingaqala osukwini olu-1 kuya kwamasonto ama-3 ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza, okuya ngesikhathi sokubandakanyeka kwesifo uqobo. Kwezinye izikhathi izimpawu ezintsha - ukuqubuka noma ubuhlungu obukhulu kungavela kanye nezimpawu ezingenhla.

Ama-parasites adlulisela lezi zifo ezilandelwa umkhaza:

Isifo seLyme.
I-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
Tularemia.
I-encephalitis ethwalwa ngumkhaza.
I-Ehrlichiosis.
Ukuphinda umkhuhlane.
Babesiosis

Ukulimala okubangwa yi-tick yisifo esingajwayelekile esingavela ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukulunywa imikhaza kungadala ezinye izifo, njengomkhuhlane waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukungezwani komzimba

Amasosha ethu omzimba avikela umzimba kumagciwane namagciwane. Kwesinye isikhathi into engenangozi engena emzimbeni ingabonakala njengosongo olukhulu futhi amasosha omzimba aqala umzabalazo osebenzayo.

Esimweni esejwayelekile, umzimba udlulisela ngobuqotho izinto ezingena emathekini wethick egazini. Kepha ngesinye isikhathi, futhi lokhu kucishe kube umuntu oyedwa kwabangamashumi amabili, ukusabela okuqine kakhulu (isb. I-dermatitis), kuvezwa yizimpawu ezithile, kungabonakala:

Ukuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa umkhaza.
Ububomvu nokulunywa kakhulu, esakhiweni sokulunywa nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, mhlawumbe ukuhlanza.

Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuphendula komzimba lubizwa ngokuthi yi-anaphylaxis. Kungabulala uma isiguli singalutholi usizo ngokushesha. Lesi simo sidalwa ukwehla komfutho wegazi, ukuncipha kwemigwaqo yomoya, ukwephulwa kwesigqi senhliziyo, kanye nesimo sokuxhaxha komuntu.

Isifo seLyme

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo seLymeosis (i-borreliosis) kumuntu zingenzeka ngesimo sokukhathala, ikhanda, intamo elukhuni, umkhuhlane, izinhlungu emisipha nasekuhlanganeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukubonakala komqhumo obomvu, ovame ukwakheka ngemuva kwesizinda se-edema esejwayelekile.

Imithi elwa namagciwane ngokuvamile inomphumela omuhle wokwelapha, noma kunjalo, uma ukwelashwa kunganikezwa ngesikhathi esifanele, lesi sifo singadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngamajoyina, amasistimu wezinzwa nenhliziyo.

Enye yezimpawu zeLyme borreliosis

I-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Lokhu ukutheleleka ngegciwane kudluliselwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa izinkukhu (i-ixodid) kanye nemikhaza ye-canine, engaholela ezinkingeni ezisongela impilo, njengokuthuthumela kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso, ngaphandle kwalapho kufanele futhi kunikezwe ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Izimpawu zokuqala kumuntu zivame ukuqala cishe ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezine ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza futhi zingafaka imfiva engazelelwe, ikhanda elibuhlungu, imisipha nobuhlungu obuhlangene, ukuqubuka okuhlukile, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza.

I-rash imvamisa iqukethe izindawo eziningi ezincane, ezifucekile, ezi-nsomi noma ezibomvu (ukuqhuma kwe-petechial). Imvamisa iqala ezingalweni nasezinyaweni, bese isakazekela ezingalweni, emilenzeni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane oqhutshwa ngumkhaza, umkhuhlane obonakalayo, noma umkhuhlane obangwa yi-tick. I-Rocky Mountain eyayibona umkhuhlane kubantu yenzeka ikakhulu esifundeni sezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, kepha izimo eziningi zokutheleleka ziyaziwa maphakathi neRussia.

Tularemia

I-Tularemia, ebizwa nangokuthi i-deer noma i-rabi fever, isifo esivame ukutholakala ezilwaneni. Kepha lesi sifo singadluliselwa kubantu ngemikhaza enegciwane noma ngokusebenzisa amanzi angcolile noma ngokuhogela uthuli.

Abantu bavame ukuthelela nge:

Ukulunywa umkhaza noma umiyane (akuvamile).
Ukuphatha izilwane ezigulayo.
Ukuphuza amanzi angcoliswe umchamo noma indle evela ezilwaneni ezigulayo.
Ukuphefumula uthuli olungcolisiwe, imvamisa kakhulu ngokunyakaziswa kokungcola kwezilwane ezigulayo.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kulo lonke elaseRussia. Izimpawu ezisebantwini zivame ukuqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-21, ngokwesilinganiso, ukusuka ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-10, ngemuva kokulunywa yikhikhoni noma okunye ukubonakaliswa. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-tularemia zifaka:

Ukushiswa nomkhuhlane kuze kufike ku-41.1 ° C), kuvame ukuqala kungazelelwe.
Ubuhlungu bekhanda buvame ukuba nzima.
Isilonda esivulekile, esibuhlungu endaweni yokulimala.
Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node eduze nendawo yokuluma.
Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

I-Microscopic causative ejenti ye-tularemia

I-encephalitis ethwalwa ngumkhaza

I-encephalitis ebangwa yi-tick yisifo esithathelanayo segciwane esihilela isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi. Lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi siveza njenge-meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma i-meningoencephalitis.

Yize lesi sifo sivame ukuqashelwa njengokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, umkhuhlane omncane uyabonakala futhi ezimeni eziningi.

Imiphumela eqhubekayo noma eqhubekayo ye-neuropsychiatric ibonwa ku-10-20% weziguli ezithelelekile.

I-Ehrlichiosis

I-Ehrlichiosis yisifo esithathelanayo esingadluliselwa kubantu ngamakhaza. Kubangela umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ikhanda ((okuvame ukuba nzima), umuzwa wokugula ojwayelekile (i-malaise), isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuqubuka okubomvu noma ubomvu.

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala phakathi kwezinsuku 1 no-21, ngokwesilinganiso, ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza. I-Ehrlichiosis ivame ukwelashwa ngama-regimens eyinkimbinkimbi yokwelapha.

Ukuphinda umkhuhlane

Ukuphindaphinda komkhuhlane yisifo esithathelanayo esingadluliselwa kubantu ngamakhaza. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu emazweni asentshonalanga ne-United States, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje sitholakala kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Euro.

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngezinsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-11, ngokwesilinganiso, ngosuku lwe-6 ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza. Zingahlala izinsuku eziningana, kwalasha, bese zibuyela (ziphinde zibuye) ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngamandla avuselelekile. Izimpawu zeTyphoid fever zifaka:

Umkhuhlane omkhulu oqala kungazelelwe.
Ubuhlungu bekhanda, buvame kakhulu.
I-Tachycardia.
Ubuhlungu bemisipha (myalgia).
Ubuhlungu besisu.
Umuzwa ojwayelekile wokugula (i-malaise).
I-Rash (kufika ku-50% yamacala).

Babesiosis

I-Babesiosis yisifo esisheshayo esingumdlandla esingadluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa yimikhaza yezinyamazane.

I-Babesiosis kungenzeka ingahlali ikhombisa izimpawu. Lapho izimpawu zalesi sifo zikhona, zivame ukuqala amasonto ama-1-4 ngemuva kokulimala. Izimpawu ze-babesiosis zifaka:

Umuzwa ojwayelekile wokugula (i-malaise).
Yehlise iphango.
Ukukhathala
Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, nokujuluka okuza uhambe.
Ubuhlungu bemisipha (myalgia).

I-Babesiosis ivame ukuphathwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotics.

Incazelo yezinambuzane

Ama-Red-mite tick, noma ama-Trombidium holosericeum, angawokugcotshwa kwe-acariform. Isikhathi sokuphila sale mikhaza siyiminyaka eyi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2. Abamele izinhlaka zalesi zinhlobo bayizinambuzane esigabeni sezibungu. Banokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-epizootological kanye ne-epidemiological. Umjikelezo ophelele wokuthuthuka kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-50 - 75. Kubandakanya iqanda, isigaba sokukhulisa, izibungu ngokwazo, izigaba ezintathu zama-nymphs ne-imago.

ULerva

Ubude bomzimba nezinyawo ezihambahamba bufika ku-0,41 mm. Ingaphambili lomzimba liphethe i-chelicera ne-hypostasis, kanye nembala. Likhulu impela futhi lakha cishe i-1/5 yobude bomzimba wonke. Ekupheleni kwe-chelicera ngayinye, kukhona uzipho oluxegayo, olugqokile lube njengama denticles. I-gnatosome ngokwayo iyipuleti elingaphekiwe lapho kubekwe khona ama-bristles amabili abushelelezi. Bobabili bakwe-gnatokok. Kunezigxobo ezihlukanisiwe ezinhlanu, ezibunjiwe njengombala.

I-idiosome iyindilinga noma iyindilinga futhi inombala obomvu okhanyayo noma owolintshi. Izibungu ezilambile zibonakaliswa ngokuthopha lapho kuqondiswa esiswini. Ukwanda okwondliwe kahle ngosayizi cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu.

Ukusuka emuva, i-idiosome iyisihlangu esincane sekhanda esine-trapezoidal noma olunye uhlobo. Isihlangu esinjalo siyabhobozwa futhi sihlonyelwe ngamabhulashi wokuthinta ne-trichobotria yokuzwa. Ezinhlangothini zezihlangu zekhanda kunamehlo ansundu. Kunezinhlobo ezingenawo amehlo. Uhlangothi lwe-dorsal lwe-idiosome lunikezwa ngezinhlobo ezihlukile zama-bristles.

I-ventral idiosome ithwala inani elikhulu lama-bristles we-ventral. Phakathi kwama-coxae womabili okuqala imizwa yohlobo olukhethekile lwezitho ezibucayi zefomu elibunjwe ngenkomishi. Amabili amathathu wemilenze inesakhiwo esifanayo nesethi eyodwa yama-bristles. Imilenze ifakwe izelamani ezimbili. Eduze nomphetho ongasemuva yi-anus.

Izibungu ezibomvu ama-ectoparasites wesikhashana. Igazi lezilwane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo zibe ukudla kwazo. Izindwangu zivame ukuthwala wonke amaqembu alezi zibungu kuma-auricles, kanye nasentanyeni, emilenzeni nasezimpandeni zomsila.

Inqubo yokuphalala kwegazi ihlala izinsuku ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.

Izibungu ezanelisayo ziwela ebusweni bomhlaba. Isikhathi esithile, izibungu zihlala ziyisisekelo. Ngemuva kwalokho zihamba zingahambi futhi zingene esigabeni se-nymphachrysalis, esiphela ngokwakhiwa kwe-nymph. Ama-nymph nabantu abadala behluke kakhulu ngesakhiwo kusuka esiteji se-larval.

Abantu abadala

Abantu abadala kanye nama-nymphs angabazingeli. Bahola kuphela isithombe samahhala yempilo. Izinhlobo ezincane ze-arthropod nezinto ezigobayo ziba ukudla kwazo. Indawo ekhethiwe yizingqimba zenhlabathi kanye nokuchitheka kwehlathi. Abantu abadala bavame ukuba nezigodi zemifula, amahlathi, izitebhisi kanye nezimbaba.

Umzimba wezintwala-obomvu unombala obomvu okhanyayo noma owolintshi futhi umbozwe izinwele ngezinwele. Ubukhulu bomuntu obudala bubalelwa ku-4 mm. Isici ubukhona be-pair of tracheas athuthukile avuleka nge-stigmas eduze ne-chelicera.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhungane abomvu

Imikhaza ebunjiwe enomzimba obomvu ibonakaliswa buthaka bokubonisa ubulili obuvezwe buthaka. Lolu hlobo lwenkawu lunendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ye-metamorphosis. Kwakungumphumela wokuthi ezinye izigaba zentuthuko zigcwalisa umsebenzi wezondlamzimba, kanti ezinye ziyekile ngokuphelele ukudla. Baphendukele ezigabeni zokwakheka ezingafani neze futhi bazikhumbuza nge-pupa yezinambuzane.

Ngokungafani nezinambuzane, lapho i-pupa kungukuphela kwayo, amabhungane abomvu abonakala ngokushintshaniswa kwe-morphogeneis nezigaba zokudla okunempilo. Ukusuka kumaqanda abekwe ungqimba lomhlabathi, kufakwa izibopho zesimo esinqunyiwe. Lapho-ke, kudliwa indawo ebekelwa kuyo i-yolk kusukela emathunjini, iphenduka isibungu.

Kuma-red tick mites, ukufana kwensiza yokuzala yangaphandle kubo bobabili ubulili kuyinto ehlukile. Umanyolo weSpermatophore ngaphandle kokukhutshelwa kwasala. Izinto zangasese zifakwe ngesembozo, isigaxa esivelanayo, ngazimbili zentende yokuzala.

Ukulimaza kubantu nasezilwaneni

Ebantwini nasezilwaneni, isigaba kuphela se-red-mite imikhaza esine-pathogenicity enkulu kunazo zonke. Kuma-Tr thapelo omane ngokweqile, bambalwa abanolaka kubantu. Kubhekelwa kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kwesibungu, okuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.

Okuvame kakhulu uhlobo olukhethekile lwesikhumba, olubizwa ngokuthi i-thrombidiosis noma i-erythema yasekwindla. Umphumela wokuqala endaweni yokulunywa ukubonakala kwendawo ebomvu. Kukhona ukulunywa kakhulu, kubi kakhulu ebusuku.

Isici ubukhona be-papule enobubanzi obufika ku-3 mm ngokufakelwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-peripheral infiltrate. Kuze kube lusuku lwesihlanu, kunenkambiso yokwandisa i-papule, ukuncipha kwayo oku-vesicular, bese ulceration. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, i-vesicle iyoma, bese abangenele ngaphakathi bexazulula - ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-papule kwenzeka kancane kancane. Indawo emnyama esakhiweni sokuluma ingaqhubeka amasonto amabili.

Ukusonga kuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesibili kanye nokwenziwa kwama-pustule kanye nezilonda.

Imbangela ye-rubella I-Tsutsugamushi fever yaseJapan noma umkhuhlane we-typhoid. Ngokokuqala ngqa, iRickettsia tsutsugamushi ibhalisiwe eJapan. Ama-carriers asezindalweni zemvelo amathokhethi enomsila obomvu esigabeni sezibungu, futhi izinduku ezincane ezahlukahlukene, ukungavikeleki kanye nabashadikazi yizindawo zangasese zokuqala. I-Fever yisifo esithathelanayo esibuhlungu esingena nesikhathi sokufakwa kwezinsuku ezingama-4 ukuya kwezi-10. Umkhuhlane ophakeme uhambisana nokuvela kwesiqalo se-papular nesigaxa esandisiwe. I-conjunctiva yamehlo i-hyperemic ebukhali. Isifundo esiqinile sidinganiswa nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, izehlakalo zobuchopho, izinkinga zamaphaphu ezinjenge-pneumonia. Ukufa kufinyelela ku-30%.

Ezincwadini, imininingwane irekhodwe ekumbeni kwe-ejenti ebangela umkhuhlane we-Q kanye ne-ejenti ebangelwa yi-rat typhus evela ezilwaneni ezibomvu.

Ungayiphatha kanjani ukulunywa

Minyaka yonke, inani elikhulu labantu lilunywa imikhaza. Imvamisa, hhayi impilo kuphela, kepha nempilo yomuntu incike ezenzweni ezifanele nezesikhathini.

Uma indawo yomkhaza iluma izinsuku eziningana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amasonto, kungenzeka ukuthi umkhaza obomvu ulume umuntu. Amasayizi amancane enza lolu hlobo lwekhick licishe lingabonakali emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuluma kungaba ngumphumela wokuhlala phansi noma ukuhamba ezindaweni lapho ikhava yotshani ephezulu ihlala khona.

Izibungu ezi-Tick fihla lapho izingubo ziboshelwe khona ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu. Kungaba indawo ngaphansi kwekhola noma ibhande.

Ngenxa ukwethulwa kwento ekhethekile esilondeni, isisulu asizizwa isikhathi sokuluma. Le nto inciphisa uphawu lobuhlungu. Ukuqhuma kwepopu kuvela ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa.

Lapho uhlanganisa, ukutheleleka kwesibili kwenzeka kakade ngaphandle kokubandakanya izibungu, okufayo.

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha isidingo sokunciphisa ukulunywa. Ingaphezulu lesilonda kufanele ligcinwe lihlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ekuseni nakusihlwa, amanxeba ayagezwa. Uma ukulunywa kushiwo, ungasebenzisa ama-antihistamines. Esikhathini esiningi, kuvela ukwenza ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kuphela, okususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwama-lotions noma okugeza nge-chamomile ne-celandine. Ngale njongo, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ingilazi yamanzi abilayo uphule amagremu ayishumi enhlanganisela yamakhambi kuyo. Faka ikhambi cishe amahora amabili, bese uhlunga.

Umphumela omuhle ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okwenziwa ekhaya. Ungaxuba ukhilimu wengane ojwayelekile ngokufakwa okuqinile kwamakhambi okwelapha. Imiphumela emihle inika i-infusions ye-chamomile, intambo ne-celandine. Ukugcotshwa okunjalo kugcoba indawo yesilonda amahlandla amane ngosuku ngomuzwa wokumiswa kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kokulunywa yizimpawu ze-gamazid kuwuphawu. Yiziphi izifo ezithwalwa yilezi zinambuzane, funda i-athikili.

Izibungu ze-wax ziyinto ebalulekile yokulungiselela ukwelashwa kwezifo eziningi (isifo sofuba, ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi). Ungayenza kanjani le tincture ngokwakho, funda isixhumanisi se-https: //stopvreditel.ru/doma/voskovaya-mol.html.

Izindlela zokuphepha

Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu utholakala ngokulwa namagundane, kanye nokubhujiswa kwama-red-tick usebenzisa amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali nezindlela ezikhethekile. Imiphumela emihle ikhombisa ukwelashwa kwezakhiwo ngothuli, i-emulsion DDT ne-hexachloran ngesilinganiso esingu-0,5 - 1 gram wezinto ezisebenzayo ngemitha yesikwele yendawo ephathisiwe.

Ukuvikela ekuhlaselweni, kubalulekile ukugcoka izingubo ngezimpahla ezidayiswayo. I-Diethyltoluamide, i-hexamide, i-dimethyl phthalate, i-dibutyl phthalate isetshenziswa kabanzi. Okungenani amagremu angama-40 esidakamizwa kumele asetshenziswe ngemitha ngayinye yendwangu. I-Immunoprophylaxis ivunyelwe.

Izinzuzo zokubolekwa

Endaweni yakithi, imikhaza ye-velvet ayisiyo yezilokazane okumele iphathwe ngazo zonke izindlela. Azihlaseli izitshalo, musa ukonakalisa isivuno. Ukuhlala emhlabathini, ama-redshoots abhubhisa inani elikhulu lezilokazane zezolimo, izinambuzane. Ukuze ungalunywa, kufanele uqaphele ukuqaphela okuyisisekelo - ungahambi ngezinyawo ezingafake zicaka emhlabathini, gqoka izingubo ezivalekile ehlathini.

Isinambuzane esibomvu, esifana ne -ickick enamabili ayisithupha emilensi - hhayi isibungu, kepha isibungu, i-nymph yebhungane elibomvu. Elinye futhi imilenze livela esigabeni sokugcina sentuthuko. Ngemuva kwalokho izitho zangasese ziyakhiwa.

Habitat

IVelvet mite iyi-mite yobumba, ngoba ihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi. Izinambuzane zithanda udoti oqukethe amaqabunga awomile awomile, amagatsha. Iqoqo elikhulu lazo libuye libonwe neziqu zemithi nezihlahla ezomile. Izinkuni ezifile - imvelo oyithandayo yezinambuzane. Amahlathi aminyene aluhlaza nawo akhiwa imikhaza ebomvu.

Lezi zinambuzane zivela emahlathini asenyakatho neNdiya. Emazweni abo, imikhaza ye-velvet yaziswa kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo emithini yabantu. Kukhiqizwa uwoyela okhethekile ezinambuzaneni, okunomphumela oqinile ovuselelayo. Ingxenye eyinhloko yama-aphrodisiacs.

Ukusakazwa kwethikhi

Ukubekwa kwamaqanda imikhaza kwenziwa ekwindla. Owesifazane ovundisiwe ubekela amaqanda enhlabathini. Ngokuya ngokushisa komoya, ukubukeka kwesimo esisha samaqanda kungenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 noma ezingama-20.

Isigaba sokuqala sivela emaqanda - isandiso esingondli, esinganyakazi. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi kulesi simo isinambuzane esizayo asondli. I-prelarva idla izinto ezidingekayo zokuphila kusuka endaweni yokubambisa yolk etholakala emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibungu esisebenzayo sikhula kusuka ku izibungu, bese kuthi kube nokukhula kwe-imago esikhulile.

Abantu abadala banokwehluka okuthe xaxa kuzitho zangasese. Ukungeniswa yi-spermatrophic, okuwukuthi, isidoda sifakwe emgqonyeni, lapho owesilisa enamathisela khona emzimbeni wowesifazane noma angenise kuwo ngezicubu zomzimba.

Ukuphepha kokuphepha

Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ekwindla esimweni sezulu esifudumele, kunzima ukwenqaba ukuhamba kwezwe, ukuzijabulisa kwangaphandle nokuhamba otshanini. Kepha kulolu utshani lapho kutholakala khona izinambuzane ezibulalayo - imikhaza -. Bangakwazi ukunamathela ezicathulweni, izingubo bese bezokhuphuka benyuka. Ukuze uzivikele ekulimaleni okukhaza, udinga ukuvala umzimba ngokuphelele. Amabhulukwe agcinwe emasokisini, kanye nejazi kanye nejuzi likabhulukwe. Izingubo zokugqoka zangaphandle ezinama-Hooded kufanele zifanelane nokuhlanya okhalweni.

Imikhaza iba namandla kumazinga okushisa komoya angaphezu kuka-5 ° C, izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngabo + 20 ° C. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulinda ukuqala kwezinsuku ezishisayo bese uphumela emaphandleni.

Ungakhethi izimbali emasimini bese uzihogela. Kube nezimo lapho imikhaza inyukela emgudwini wokuphefumula, bese ukuyikhipha lapho kunenkinga kakhulu.

Ukulimaza kubantu nasezilwaneni

I-mite ebomvu iyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni zisesimweni sezibungu kuphela. Ngenkathi yokuwa, izibungu ziziphatha kabi kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunokuhlaselwa okukhulu kwezinambuzane kubantu. Lokhu kuholela ezifweni ezinzima. Okuvame kakhulu isikhumba sofuba.

Lesi sifo singabonakala izimpawu ezilandelayo:

Ngemuva kokuluma, kuvela ibala elibomvu elikhanyayo.
Bese kuthi esizeni sokuluma kuqhamuke i-nodule (ipapa), ekuqaleni enobukhulu obuyi-3 mm. I-papule ikhuphuka kancane kububanzi (ukukhula kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-5). Ngosuku lwe-8, ikhanda liyanyamalala.
Ngemuva kwepulule, kwakheka indawo emnyama, ehambisana nokulunywa kanzima. Leli banga lihlala emzimbeni amaviki ama-2. Ukuhlanganisa amabala anjalo kungaholela ekutheni ulceration, kanye nokutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwesikhumba, imbuvu ebomvu iletha ezinye izifo kumuntu: umkhuhlane we typhoid, umkhuhlane womfula waseJapan. Lezi zifo ziyingozi ngoba ngamaphesenti angama-30 amacala ayabulala.

Abanye ochwepheshe bathi imikhaza ebomvu ayiyona neze ingozi kubantu, futhi abantu bazolimala kakhulu ngamakhemikhali kanye nama-insecticides asetshenziselwa ukuthambisa izinambuzane.

I-Reddish tick ihlasela izinja namakati, kanye nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Ezinyameni zomkhaza ungathola:

phakathi kwezinzwane zezinja
ekugcineni komsila nangemuva kwezindlebe zamakati.

Zibukeka kanjani izibungu ezimnyama?

Omama abaningi, befunda umbala wamalongwe wohlobo oluthile, noma bamane bawahlole, bahlangabezana nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezimnyama. Ngokwemvelo, umcabango wokuqala uzoba: "kuthiwani uma kuyizibungu?". Kepha cha. Ngenxa yokuhlola nokucwaninga okuningi kule ndawo ososayensi, kuye kwasungulwa ngokuqondile ukuthi izibungu ezimnyama ziyinsumansumane. Ngokuqondene nokuba khona kwemicu emincane yethunzi elimnyama, lokhu kungaba ngumkhondo webhanana.

Izimbangela zemvelo zokubonakaliswa kwendle emnyama kubantu abadala

Ukuba khona kombala ongajwayelekile ezindlebeni zomuntu omdala kungabangelwa izizathu eziningi - kokubili kuyingozi futhi kungenangozi ngokuphelele. Inketho yesibili ingahlanganisa ukuba khona kwalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokufaka imibala. Ekudleni komuntu ngamunye kunezinhlobo ezithile zokudla ezifaka amalahle kumnyama. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:

UBeetroot.
Ipomegranate
Ama-Prunes
I-currant emnyama.
Amagilebhisi omthunzi obomvu.
Ama-Blueberries
I-sausage yegazi.

Le mikhiqizo yiyona esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi i-stool stool emthunzini ongajwayelekile. Kanye nazo, kunezinye izinhlobo zemifino, izithelo, imikhiqizo yenyama namajikijolo. Kungakho, ngaphambi kokuthuthumela, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde imenyu yakho yosuku lwangaphambili noma ezimbili.

Ukuba khona kwamachashazi amnyama. Lolu hlobo lwenduku nalo alusona isizathu sokukhathazeka. Kwezinye izigaba zabantu, i-perilstatics yamathumbu ibuthakathaka, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingakhipha izihlalo zomthunzi ojwayelekile ngezingcezu zokudla ezingatholwa zinombala omnyama.

Ukuchazwa kokubomvu-imikhaza

Izibungu zifinyelela kumamilimitha angama-0,41 ubude. Ebusweni bomzimba kukhona ama-palps, ama-hypostomes ne-chelicerae. Esiqongweni se-chelicera ngayinye kukhona uzipho olwenziwe sangwegwe olunama-denticles. Izibungu zinombala osawolintshi noma obomvu okhanyayo.

I-larite ebomvu-mite izibungu zinesimo esithambile, futhi abantu abondliwe kahle bakhula ngosayizi cishe izikhathi ezi-5.

I-Red-mite tick (iTrombidiidae).

Isihlangu se-larva sidabule imigqa kanye namabhulashi asetshenziselwa ukuthinta, kanti ne-trichobotria ye-sensory nayo itholakala nesihlangu. Ezinhlangothini zezihlangu zekhanda kukhona amehlo anombala. Izibungu zezinye izinhlobo zezinja ezibomvu-amehlo azinamehlo. I-larva inamabili ama-3 wemilenze, imilenze ifakwe uzipho.

Igazi lezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane zasendle kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziba ukudla kwezibungu.

Imvamisa kuma-rodices kukhona amaqembu aphelele obomvu bomkhaza. Izibungu zincela igazi izinsuku ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kuthi emva kokugcotshwa ziwele phansi. Okokuqala, izibungu ziyasebenza, bese ziyeka ukuhamba zingene esigabeni se-nymph. Ama-chinmph ngokubukeka ahlukile kakhulu kuzibungu.

Izibungu zezinja ezibomvu, ezifana nabantu abadala, zidla ngegazi.

Ama-nymph amadala angabazingeli. Ama-Nymph ahola indlela yokuphila yamahhala, adla ngokubola ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-arthropods amancane. Ama-nymph abomvu ahlala kudoti wehlathi nezingqimba zenhlabathi ezingaphezulu.

Abantu abadala bavame ukutholakala emaqeleni, emahlathini nasehlathini. Umzimba we-reds unombala okhanyayo we-orange noma obomvu. Umzimba wonke umbozwe ungqimba lwezinwele obukhulu. Abesifazane abadala obomvu bafika kumamilimitha angama-4.

Ngenxa yombala wayo obomvu okhanyayo, ama-mite abomvu avelele ngokuphelele.

Ukufundwa kwezindunduma ezimnyama enganeni

Njengomuntu osemdala, ukufakwa kwamalondolo emjondolo omnyama enganeni kungathinteka zombili izimpawu ezingenabungozi nezesikhashana, kanye nezinkomba zesikhathi eside nezinobungozi. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nomuntu omdala, ingane inezizathu ezimbalwa zokukhathazeka.

Umbala wokugcwala kwengane uvame ukuncika kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

Iminyaka yengane. Ngakho-ke, ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, izindunduma zombala omnyama azisho ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile noma uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sangaphakathi, kepha ukuphuma kwe-meconium ngaphandle. Le nto yizo zonke izakhi zengane ezisendleleni ukusuka esibelethweni ziye ngaphandle. I-Meconium ingaqukatha izinwele, i-mucus, i-bile, kanye noketshezi lwe-amniotic namanzi.

Ezinganeni esezikhulile ezanceliswa amabele, izizathu ezilandelayo zingaba izizathu zalombala wezindwangu:

Ukusabela kwengxube.
Ubisi oluvela enkomeni.
Ukungezwani komzimba ngamaprotheni ezinkomo.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinsimbi ezibomvu

Amabhungane abomvu ane-dimorphism yezocansi emnene. Lolu hlobo lomkhombe luphawulwa ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi le-metamorphosis. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwezinye izigaba zentuthuko umsebenzi wezondli uyenziwa, kanti abanye abantu bayeka ngokuphelele ukudla. Kulabo bantu, izigaba zokulala, njenge-pupae ezinambuzaneni, zinesimo.

Kuqhamuka izibungu ezibunjiwe emaqandeni abekwe enhlabathini. Leli fomu lidla indawo ebekelwa kuyo i-yolk ukusuka emathunjini futhi iguquke ibe isibungu. Bobabili ubulili boku reds buyafana ngesakhiwo sangasese sangaphandle. Umanyolo yi-spermatophore, ngaphandle kokukopishwa.

Amaqanda abomvu emzimbeni uluma.

Ukuba khona kwezinduna ezimnyama kwabesifazane abakhulelwe

Lapho kukhona umthunzi omnyama wokugcwala kwabesifazane abakhulelwe asikho isizathu esithile sokukhathazeka. Umbala weStool kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthathwa kwamalungiselelo e-vithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izizathu ezilandelayo zingaba izizathu ezengeziwe zalo mthunzi:

Ukudla izithelo, imifino kanye namajikijolo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi.
I-oksidi yejusi yesisu.

Ngakho-ke, esimweni sempilo enhle kamama esizayo, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, uma kunomlando wesilonda esiswini ngokufakwa kwamalondolo ngemibala emnyama, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaleso sikhathi lapho kuqala uphawu lokushintsha kombala wesitofu wokuhlaziya okwengeziwe.

Ukuvimbela Izinambuzane

Ungasusa kanjani umkhaza obomvu? Lo mbuzo kufanele ukhathaze abalimi, kanye nabathandi bezitshalo zasendlini, ngoba ngemuva kwamaqabunga kuyindawo ayithandayo indawo akuyo.

Njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela, lokhu okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa:

Isitshalo esomile sishiya amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto ngendwangu emanzi futhi sifafaze ngamakhemikhali ukubulala izinambuzane.
Ngomswakama ophansi egumbini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, udinga ukuhlola amaqabunga ezitshalo njalo, ngoba izibungu ezinemikhaza njengomoya owomile.
Gada isimo senhlabathi lapho isitshalo sikhona futhi, uma kunesidingo, fafaza umhlaba ngama-antiseptics akhethekile.

Yimaphi amagciwane abangela ukukhwehlela?

Ama-parasites, noma kunalokho, ukutheleleka kwawo, sekugcwele kakhulu namuhla kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ubukhulu bale nhlekelele kubathengi abangenalwazi. Kepha kudingekile kakhulu ukwazi lolu lwazi: izibungu zezikelemu zitholakala yonke indawo namuhla - ekudleni, emanzini angaphekiwe, kuhlala ezilwaneni, izinyoni, izidumbu zomuntu onegciwane noma ummeleli wezwe lesilwane.

Kungani kungenzeki ngaphambili? Kukhona incazelo ejwayelekile yalokhu:

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ukungatheleleki kobuntu kwakunamandla kangangokuba kwakucindezela kalula zonke izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi kuwo, ezazingena ngaphakathi. Namuhla, ngenxa yemvelo ephansi nemikhiqizo yokudla egcwele zonke izinhlobo ze- “E”, umzimba ulahlekelwe yilokhu kuvikela nangokuhlasela kwe-helminth, manje indlela engaphakathi ivulekile futhi iphephile.
Ngenxa yithuba lokuya eholidini liye emngceleni, abantu abalitholanga nje ithuba lokuba nesikhathi esikhulu, kepha bathola nethuba lokutheleleka ngalezi zinhlobo zamapharagwala abangakaze bezwe ngawo, ngakho-ke, akekho umuntu onombono wokuthi angazivikela kanjani entweni angayazi ayinayo.
Kudlule ukuguqulwa kanye nemithi ngokwayo. Namuhla azesabi izinhlobo eziningi zemithi ebisebenza kakhulu izolo.
Ukususa izibungu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingene ngaphakathi futhi lapho kuphela lapho kufanele ukhethe umuthi ozosiza umuntu onhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka kwesibungu.

Izici zokwenza kwasendaweni izibungu

Indlela yokungena ebantwini cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezikelemu ingangena ngomlomo. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile - lapho izibungu ze-helminth zingena egazini ngenkathi ziluma isinambuzane esinegciwane. Izibungu ezingena egazini zingaba nomaphi emzimbeni - konke kuncike ekutheni abakhona bazowathwala kuphi.

Lezo zingena ngomlomo, bese kungena amathumbu omuntu. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala kulo, ezinye zingena kwezinye izitho - isibindi, izindunduma, amaphaphu. Uma izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-helminth, zona, ezifuduka emzimbeni, zingena ebuchosheni, emehlweni, enhliziyweni. AmaHelminths, njengoba kuhlalwe kunoma yisiphi isitho, kuvusa ukubukeka kwezifo ezahlukahlukene, kanti futhi okuyizimpawu ezimbi kakhulu impela.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zokulimazeka kwegciwane ukuvela kumuntu wezifo ezingamahlalakhona ebezingekho. Ngemuva kwalokho sekuvele ukubhujiswa okujulile kwezicubu zezitho lapho kuhlala khona ama-helminths. Kepha izimuncagazi zidinga izakhamzimba ezintsha zempilo ejwayelekile. Ziqhubekela phambili, ngenxa yokuthi kuvela ama-microcracks nokulimala kwangaphakathi, okuvela kuzo ubuthi kusuka empilweni yezimpethu kungena egazini. Lokhu kufakazelwa wuphawu olufana nempilo engeyinhle.

Yini engathandeki kakhulu, izibungu zabantu abadala zitholakala ekhaleni, ezindlebeni ngisho nasemlonyeni. Yini izimpawu zalokhu? Ungazihlanganisi kanjani izibungu ezivele ku-nasopharynx ngezifo, ukubonakaliswa komzimba, ubuthi?

Izimpawu Zomhlonyane

Okokuqala, ngemuva kokuvela izinsolo zokuba khona kwezimpethu, kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu ezijwayelekile:

UMalaise.
Ubuhlungu besisu.
Isifo sohudo noma isifo sohudo. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zibonakaliso ezimbili zingahluka.
Isicanucanu

Lapho izibungu ziqala ukuhamba emzimbeni womuntu, izimpawu zezifo zalezo zitho ezaziwashayile ziqala ukuziveza. Isibonelo, izimpawu zokuthi izibungu sezizinze esibindini, ama-bile ducts azoba:

Uma izibungu zingene emaphashini omuntu, khona-ke izimpawu ezikulesi sifo salesi sitho esithile zizofakaza kulokhu:

Ukushisa okuphezulu.
Ukukhwehlela okomile. Ikakhulu ebusuku.
I-pneumonia
I-bronchitis ephikelelayo nezinye izimpawu ezifanayo.

Kepha lezi zimpawu kungenzeka zibe khona ngomonakalo wezibungu zamehlo:

Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo.
Ubuhlungu emehlweni.
I-conjunctivitis engapheli.

Okukhombisa ukwehlulwa yizikelemu ze-nasopharynx

Ngemuva kokuthi izinhlayiya zihlale ku-nasopharynx, kuzovela izimpawu zokuhlasela. Vele, ngeke kube khona izibungu emlonyeni uqobo, futhi uma zivela, khona-ke izibungu ezingaba khona kakhulu ezizosakazeka kakhulu lapho zifuna indawo elula kakhulu. Izikelemu zingahlala ekhaleni, emacansini wesono. Zingangena emakhaleni, ezingabangeli ukungaphatheki kahle kuphela, kepha zizobangela i-rhinitis engapheli, ukubonakaliswa komzimba nezinye izifo. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho isibalo sezikhubalo sanda kakhulu, singangena emgodleni wamakhala bese sitholakala nama-helminths amadala okuphila esikhungweni somuntu onegciwane. Lo mcimbi awumuhle neze.

Ngeke kube yinto engemnandi futhi ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka ukubona izinambuzane emlonyeni. Kunalokho, emphinjeni. Imvamisa kule ndawo kukhona izibungu ezihlaliswe emaphashini. Izikhathi ezinjalo zinganqunywa ngokukhwehlela kokhwehlela owomile.

Ukukhwehlela owomile kungenzeka futhi kube khona lapho izibungu zihamba zisuka emathunjini ziye emaphashini - ziyohlala ziluma ngenxa yemizimba yangaphandle emphinjeni. Ukumisa ukukhwehlela okunjalo cishe akunakwenzeka. Awukho umuthi osizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela lezo zinambuzane ezise emphinjeni ezingadala ukukhwehlela okuomile, kodwa futhi nalezo ezihamba nge-nasopharynx ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Futhi uma lezo ezisebusweni zingatholakala ngandlela thile ngokubheka umunxa othathwe umphimbo elabhorethri, khona-ke ongoti kuphela abangakhomba izidumbu ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Izikelemu nazo zingahlala ezindlebeni. Azingene zivela ngaphandle, kepha kusuka ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke indlebe yangaphakathi ivame ukuthinteka. Udokotela ngeke akwazi ukuthola kusukela ku-ENT, kepha ukuba khona kwezibungu kule ndawo kuzenza zizizwe yi-tinnitus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu onegciwane angaphazanyiswa ubuhlungu bekhanda nobuhlungu bendlebe, ukuvuvukala. Futhi ukuba khona okufanayo kudala ukushisa okuphezulu.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma umkhaza uvela esplini sendlu?

Lapho silwa nezinambuzane, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezi-3 eziphumelelayo. Indlela yokuqala ukusebenzisa amakhambi asekhaya athuthukisiwe. Kepha okokuqala kudingeka usike izitshalo emaqabungeni lapho izilonda zilinyazwa khona.

Enye yezindlela zasekhaya yisisombululo esiningi sesepha. Bahlikihla amaqabunga, futhi ukuze bahlale bengogwebu onoshukela. Kulesi simo, izitshalo zishiywe amahora ama-2, bese zihlanzwa.
Ama-anyanisi husks azosiza ukuqeda umkhaza, ngesisombululo asula ngawo amaqabunga.

Indlela yesibili ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Zisetshenziswa uma ezinye izindlela zasekhaya zingasebenzi.

Indlela yesithathu iyindlela ephephile yemvelo kubantu. Isibonelo, i-Agravertin, i-Akarin, iBitoxibacillin, njll.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ulunywa umkhaza obomvu?

Umuntu angavele azizwe eluma ngokushesha, ngoba lesi sinambuzane siveza into ekhethekile yokubulala izinzwa emzimbeni womuntu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izindawo zokulunywa kuzovezwa ngamabala abomvu azoqala ukuluma. Ukulunywa kunzima kakhulu ebusuku.

Ukulunywa umkhaza, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kulunywa ngumuntu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthola kubo emzimbeni. Zincane futhi zifihla emphethweni wezingubo.

Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze uma umkhaza ulunywa? Okokuqala, indawo eyonakele kufanele igezwe futhi igcotshwe ngesibulala magciwane. Amakhambi abantu, benza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu:

okugeza nokucindezela okuvela kumhluzi we-celandine,
imaski kusuka ku-ukhilimu wezingane kanye ne-decoction ye-celandine, chamomile noma intambo.

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza, kufanele ubone udokotela.

Kuvelaphi ukugula kwamagciwane?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izinambuzane zidlulisela kanjani izifo, udinga ukubhekisisa kancane kwinqubo yomsebenzi obalulekile wama-mite kanye nezimpawu zawo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane kwenzeka ngezinyathelo eziningana, njengasezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-arachnids. Imikhaza ingeyalo mndeni. Ngaphambi kokufinyelela esigabeni sabadala, kufanele banqobe izigaba eziningana zefomu lokungakhuli. Babizwa nge- nymphal.

Izinambuzane nymphs ziluma futhi zincancise igazi ngendlela efanayo nabantu abaye bafinyelela esigabeni sabadala. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame kakhulu ukusebenza ezilwaneni eziseduzane nomhlabathi (amagundane, izinyoni, i-carrion). Ungabona ama-nymphs emzimbeni womuntu noma wesilwane ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Lokhu kuchazwa ukungakwazi kwabo ukunyusa izitshalo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane.

Ama-voles namagundane kubhekwa njengomthombo oyinhloko wezifo; amelela ukuqongelela kwezifo eziningi. Ukondla ngegazi lezilwane ezinegciwane, lesi sinambuzane sidonsa amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyazigcina kuze kube yilapho seziguqukela ezigabeni ezilandelayo zentuthuko. Ngonyaka olandelayo, lapho umkhaza ovuthiwe uvela, amathe ayo aqukethe ama-pathogen.

Ngoba akuyona yonke inyamazana egazi layo i-nymph edle ngokunegciwane. Ngenxa yalokho, akuwona wonke umkhaza angabathwali bamagciwane ezifo zezilwane nezabantu. Ngaphandle, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa.

Izinhlobo Zezinambuzane Eziyingozi

Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha namuhla umhlaba wazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-48. Bayakwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ze-Antarctic. Ingozi enkulu yizinambuzane ezidla ngegazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zisabalalisa amagciwane kanye nokutheleleka.Lokhu kufaka ukuthwala kwezifo ezithathelanayo:

UBarn noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, ufulawa (isinkwa). IHabitat - izindawo lapho kugcinwa khona okusanhlamvu kanye namagranari. Njengokudla, lesi sinambuzane sithanda izitshalo, kepha kuyaqabukela kulume abantu. Ngemuva kwalokho, inyamalale bese inyamalala, bese kuvela ukuqubuka komzimba esikhumbeni sokuluma.
Ithikithi lombhede litholakala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi okulala. Uhlala kumatilasi, imicamelo noma ingubo. Kubantu abanomkhuba wokubonakaliswa kwe-allergic, ukusondela kwawo kungadala ukulunywa, ukuqunjelwa, i-asthma.
Umthwali we-taiga tick of izifo ezithathelwanayo zabantu uhlala endaweni enehlathi. Kuthwala amagciwane ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-encephalitis.
I-itch mite ingumthombo wesifo esithathelwanayo njengamabala. Ukulimala okunzima kubangelwa inqubo yomsebenzi obalulekile wesinambuzane, okuthi, lapho usungene ngaphansi kwesikhumba, uqhubekele phambili kuwo. Usayizi wekhreyithi ucishe ube ngu-0,03 mm; kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma. Ukutheleleka phakathi kwabantu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxhumana komzimba, ukwaba izinto kanye namanye amacala.

Ngabe kwenzeka kanjani ukutheleleka?

Silinde umthombo wamandla ukuze sidlule esedlule, othwala izifo ezithathelwanayo (isithombe sesinambuzane sivezwe kuleyo ndaba) sikhwela esihlahleni noma emagatsheni amancane esihlahla. Izwa iphunga lesidalwa esiphilayo, i- parasite ihamba phezu kwayo futhi ikhethe izindawo ezinesikhumba esintekenteke kunazo zonke.

Vele, ukuluma kungawela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngenkathi kuhlaselwa isilwane esinegciwane, ukutheleleka kungena emzimbeni. Ngokukuluma okuphindaphindiwe kwesinye isidalwa esiphilayo, kufaka phakathi abantu, i-parasite iyithatha kanye namathe. Amagciwane asanda ngokushesha emzimbeni wesisulu futhi abangele izinqubo ze-pathological. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu ohlukumezekile akanaso isikhathi sokuya esikhungweni sezempilo. Ama-Tick-carriers wezifo ezithathelanayo, ngakho-ke kudingeka uzame ngesikhathi ukuthola ukuthi bukhona yini emzimbeni.

I-parasite ingahle inganakwa ngosuku lokuqala, kepha ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi insikazi iyanda kaningana futhi kulula ukuyithola. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutheleleka kunesikhathi sokusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Umkhaza wesilisa, lapho ugcwele, unyamalale. Kwezinye izikhathi, umuntu akaqondi nokuthi kungani impilo yakhe isiwohloka kakhulu.

Yiziphi izifo ezibhebhethekisa izifo kubantu, sizocubungula kabanzi.

I-Borreliosis ne-Encephalitis

IBorrelez yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esatholakala ngo-1975 eMelika. Ngalesi sikhathi, igagasi lokudakwa lenzeka ezweni lonke ngenxa yokunqotshwa kwesikhuxungu se-ixodic, esiphethe umenzeli walesi sifo.

Ngemuva kokuluma kwakhe, kuboniswa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphuka kakhulu, kubanda, umuntu usemkhuhlane,
isicanucanu nokuhlanza kuyavela
kunomuzwa wobuthakathaka, ubuvuvu kanye nokukhubazeka,
isiteji sokuluma siyaqhuma, sibe yi-cyanotic, kushesha ukusithinta,
imithambo ye-lymphatic iyanda
imisipha yentamo elukhuni iyabonakala.

Uma ungaboni udokotela ngesikhathi, i-meningitis nokukhubazeka kungaqhamuka.

Ase sibheke futhi ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezivela kumikhaza umuntu anazo.

I-Encephalitis yi-pathology engathi sína engathinta ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla, kanye nohlelo lonke lwezinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-psychology we-psychological ne-neurological angabonakala.

Isonto ngemuva kokulunywa, kubuye kubonakale lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba kuye ku-40 °,
imisipha yomlomo wesibeletho ikindekile,
ukuphathwa ikhanda okuqhubekayo kuyaqala
umuntu uyawa, akhathale masinyane,
ukuzwa kudlondlobala
izingalo nemilenze iyaqina.

Uma kwenzeka lokhu kubonakaliswa, into esemqoka ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwalesi simo, ukulaliswa esibhedlela oluphuthumayo kuphela okuzosiza.

Uzokulinda nini izimpawu zokuqala?

Ukuze uthole umphumela ophumelelayo, kufanele wazi hhayi ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezivela kumikhaza. Kubalulekile ukubabona ngesikhathi.

Izimpawu zokuqala zezifo ezibekezelelekayo ziyaqhamuka ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala noma kungakapheli amasonto amathathu alandelayo ngemuva kokutheleleka. Konke kuncike ekuhlakazweni kwamagciwane asemathebeni wegciwane, izivikelo zomzimba kanye nohlobo lokutheleleka. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezejwayelekile ezivela ekulimeni kolunye uhlobo lwemikhaza, Qaphela:

ukwanda okunamandla kokushisa komzimba,
Ubuhlungu bemisipha
ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla (ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukuntuleka kokudla),
ukubonakaliswa komzimba esikhunjeni.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukulunywa yizimbungulu akubeki ingozi enkulu. Kepha kubantu abathambekele ekuthini bangasabelani kahle, lesi simo singaba nzima ngokuqunjelwa, ukushesha kanye nesifuba somoya, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ngokwethuka kwe-anaphylactic.

Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa

Noma ngabe kugonyelwa umkhaza, ngemuva kokulunywa kunconywa ukuthi ufune usizo esikhungweni se-seroprophylaxis uthathe “Iodantipirin”.

I-tick isuswa kanjena:

Ngama-tweezers asendaweni eyingqayizivele, lesi sinambuzane sibanjwa ikhanda futhi ngokunyakaza okuqinisekileyo, kuphenduke, kususwe.
Uma kungekho ama-tweets atholakalayo, ungasebenzisa intambo. Iboshwe eduze kwesikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka futhi, ngokuqinisa imsobo, umkhaza ukhishwa.
Uma izinhlayiya ezisuka ku-parasite zihlala, indawo elulwayo iyabulala amagciwane bese izinsalela zisuswa ngenaliti. Umaki uyiswa elabhoratri ukuze acwaninge noma ashiswe.
Indawo yokuluma igcotshwa ngotshwala bese ihlanganiswa nge-iodine.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuze uzivikele emiphumeleni engaba khona, kungcono ukuletha umkhaza egabhorethri uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela uma isinambuzane singonakalanga ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.

Uma ngasizathu singekho ukwenza isifundo, udokotela ubeka umuntu lowo ukuthi ahlolwe egazini ukuze ahlonzwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kukhona amagciwane emzimbeni. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola ama-pathogens ukuhlolwa kwe-serological ukuthola ukutholakala kwama-antibodies kuma-pathogenic pathogen kanye ne-polymer chain reaction. Phakathi kokunye, isiguli sihlolwa umchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi, vakashela udokotela oyi-neurologist, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelanayo nodokotela wesikhumba.

Ukwelashwa

Emahoreni okuqala ngemuva kokulunywa yithwali lesifo esithathelanayo, isisulu sifakwa ngama-immunoglobulins avimba amagciwane futhi awasuse emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuyasebenza, ezinsukwini ezine zokuqala, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, umuthi awulungele ukusetshenziswa.

Ekuhlaselweni kokuqala kwezifo, umuntu ubekwa esibhedlela futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele. Izifo eziningi ezibangelwa ukulunywa yikhambi ziphathwa ngamagciwane asuka eqenjini le-tetracycline. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezengeziwe kuncike enkambweni yesifo nemiphumela emibi. Phakathi kwawo kukhona ama-hormone ama-steroid, ama-painkillers kanye nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala, ama-immunostimulants namavithamini.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukuya endalweni, kufanele uqaphele lezi zindlela zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

kuyelulekwa ukugqoka izingubo ezilula okulula ukuzibona;
faka amabhulukwe akho kumasokisi,
faka isikhafu, isigqoko noma esinye isihlokwana ekhanda lakho,
faka okuthengiswayo emzimbeni, bese ufafaza imikhiqizo yokuvikela amagciwane kumakhemikhali ezingutsheni,
Kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenzwe izwe noma uzungu lomuntu ngezindlela ezikhethekile njalo ngonyaka.

Lapho ubuyela ekhaya ngemuva kokuhamba ngemvelo noma ipiyano ngenkathi efudumele, udinga ukukhumula futhi unikeze izingubo ngaphandle kwefasitela. Lapho-ke kufanele umhlole ngokucophelela kanye nomzimba ukuze ubekhona khona kwamagciwane.

Yiziphi izifo ezithwala imikhaza ezilwaneni?

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid nayo iyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni. Inani lama-parasites liyakhula minyaka yonke. Ukuzihlukanisa kulula kakhulu: inemilenze eyi-6-8, ubude bomzimba buyi-5 mm, amaphethini abonakala ngemuva. Ngesikhathi ukuluma, izifo ezilandelayo zidluliselwa esilwaneni:

babesiosis
demodicosis
thrombocytopenia
monocytic ehrlichiosis.

Odinga ukukwazi mayelana imikhaza?

Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele acatshangwe:

Hhayi njalo i-nymph eluma isilwane esinegciwane igcina i-pathogen kuze kube unyaka olandelayo.
Umkhaza otholakala ezingutsheni noma ukhasa esikhunjeni, kuze kufike isikhathi sokuluma ungethelele umuntu.
Uma, ngesikhathi kulimala imayiti, ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwe-pathogen kungena isilonda esivulekile noma ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, umuntu angangenwa yileli gciwane.
Ngemuva kokulunywa, ukutheleleka akwenzeki ngokushesha nangemithamo emincane. Uma i-parasite itholakele futhi isuswa ngesikhathi, ukugwema kungagwenywa.
Ukuze ungakhuphi ukukhishwa okubukhali kwamathe wamikhaza egazini, azikho izimali ezengeziwe ezisetshenziswayo ngenkathi zisuswa.

I-athikili ibheka ukuthi hlobo luni lwamakhikhu ezinambuzane, izithwali zazo. Lapho uhamba ngezinyawo ehlathini noma epaki, kubalulekile ukuthi uzivikele wena nezingane zakho emiphumeleni engaba khona kusengaphambili.

Ingozi yemikhaza yebhungane

Ebantwini nasezilwaneni, izibungu kuphela zemikhaza ebomvu-ythole ebeka engcupheni enkulu. Umndeni wakwaTrapelo mkhulu impela, futhi ngawo, abambalwa kuphela abamele abantu ngolaka.

Izifo ezahlukahlukene ziwumphumela wokuhlaselwa okukhulu yileli bhungane. Isifo esijwayelekile kakhulu uhlobo olukhethekile lwesikhumba olubizwa ngokuthi yi-autumn erythema noma i-thrombidiosis. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokulunywa, kuvela ibala elibomvu endaweni ethintekile, likhala kakhulu, ngenkathi ukulunywa kwalo kuyaqina ebusuku. I-papule enobubanzi bamamilimitha amathathu iyavela, le papule ikhula kuze kube usuku lwesihlanu, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8 ziyancibilika, futhi indawo emnyama ihlala isendaweni yayo, engahlala ibonakala amasonto ama-2. Lezi amabala ziyalunywa, futhi ukuhlanganisa kuholela ekwethulweni kwegciwane lesibili nokwenziwa kwezilonda.

Imikhaza ebomvu ithwala izifo ezibulalayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhaza ebomvu-mite ingabaphathi bomkhuhlane womfula waseJapan noma umkhuhlane we-typhoid. Izimbangela zokutheleleka yilezi zibungu zamabhungane abomvu, ahlala ezintanjeni ezincane, ezifuyweni nasezilwaneni ezingavikeleki. Umkhuhlane waseJapan yisifo esithathelanayo esibuhlungu esihambisana nomkhuhlane, ubanzi olukhulayo, nokuqhuma kwamaphepha. Izinkinga zingaholela ekukhuleni kwezinduna, ukulimala kwengqondo nohlelo lwenhliziyo. Ukufa kwalesi sifo kungama-30%.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ukulunywa ikiti elibomvu?

Inani elikhulu labantu lihlushwa ukulunywa imikhaza minyaka yonke. Uma ukulunywa yisiza izinsuku eziningana, khona-ke ukulunywa kungenzeka kube ukulunywa obomvu. Ngoba lezi zibungu zincanyana, kunzima ukuzibona emzimbeni. Izibungu zifihla ezindaweni lapho izingubo zivumelana kahle nomzimba, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwebhande noma ikholaji. Njengoba umkhaza ufaka i-anesthetic esilondeni, ukulunywa ngokwakho akubonakali.

Ukugibela emzimbeni amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokulunywa yikhaza.

Indawo eyonakele kufanele igcinwe ingenantethe. Ekuseni nakusihlwa, isilonda siyagezwa. Ngokulunywa kanzima, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ze-antiseptic. Susa kahle i-lotion ukulunywa nokugeza nge-celandine. Ungaphatha futhi amanxeba ngenhlanganisela yekhilimu yezingane nge-infusion yokulandelana, i-chamomile ne-celandine.

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