Emhlabeni wezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, kukhona lezo, eziphikisana nombono wokuntula kwabo ingqondo ekhethekile, ezingakhombisa imikhuba yazo, izimilo nezinhlamvu. Vele, uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlanzi lunezinto zalo ezihlukile. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini ezihluke kakhulu kuningi. Enye yalezi zinhlanzi i-astronotus.
I-Astronotus emvelweni
Ungowomndeni wama-cichlid, ekuqaleni i-astronotus iyinhlanzi yasendle. Kodwa, njengakwezinye izinhlobo, ukwazisa ubuhle bayo, abathandi be-ichthyofauna benziwe i-astronotus aquarium umhlali. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-astronotus yiNingizimu Melika, i-Amazon, iParana, iParaguay, iNegro. Kamuva, walethwa ngobuciko eChina, eFlorida, e-Australia, lapho anconywa khona kakhulu.
Le yinhlanzi enkulu ngokulingene, amasentimitha angama-35- 40 ubukhulu endle (e-aquarium, ikhula kuphela kufinyelela kuma-25 cm), ngakho-ke ezweni layo kubhekwa njengokuthengiswayo. Inyama ye-Astronotus yaziswa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwayo. Umzimba wale nhlanzi uthambile kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini, okusaqanda ngesimo esinekhanda elikhulu namehlo avuthayo. Amaphiko mide impela, makhulu ngosayizi.
Ama-Astronotuses e-aquarium
Kuvuliwe isithombe se-astronotus Uyabona ukuthi inhlanzi “inamanzi” impela, ngokungafani nezakhamizi eziningi zasemanzini, futhi uma ubheka kuqala kubukeka njengenhlanzi ejwayelekile.
Kepha, ukufakwa kombala kwe-astronotus kuyenza ibe ntle kakhulu. Umbala wabantu abahlukile uyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngezinhlobo. Isendlalelo esiyinhloko singaba mpunga futhi sehluke kumnyama. Ubuhle obukhulu be-astronotus bunikezwa ngemivimbo noma amabala, asatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe emzimbeni.
Umbala walezi zindawo uphuzi-owolintshi. Kwesinye isikhathi, eduze nomsila, kukhona indawo ebanzi nxazonke, ebukeka ifana kakhulu neso, yingakho isiqalo - i-ocular - singezwa egameni le-astronotus. Abesilisa banombala ogqamile kakhulu kunalokho izinsikazi ze-astronotus.
Lapho inhlanzi isilungele ukuphuma, umbala oyinhloko womzimba uba mnyama, uze ube mnyama, bese amabala nemivimbo iba bomvu. Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-astronotus, omabili asendle futhi afakwa izakhi, aguqula umbala kalula ngokushintshwa okucacile kwesimo sokushintsha - inhlanzi ziqhakaza kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka: kungaba yimpi ezayo, ukuvikela insimu noma okunye ukushaqeka.
Esithombeni, i-ocular astronotus
Ngombala wezinhlanzi, umuntu anganquma nobudala bawo - abantu abasha abakavezwa kangako ngokukhanyayo, imivimbo kubo imhlophe. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zemvelo, amafomu e-hybrid manje ayabhulwa: tiger astronotus (elinye igama lingu-Oscar), bomvu (icishe ibomvu ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwamabala), iveli (ama-fins amahle amade), albino (inhlanzi emhlophe enama-splashes abomvu kanye namehlo apinki), nabanye abaningi.
Izici zokugcina izinhlanzi ze-astronotus
At okuqukethwe kwe-astronotus e-aquarium, ezinye izimo kufanele zibhekwe. Isidingo sokuqala sizoba usayizi wendlu yabo - ngokususelwa kubukhulu bezinhlanzi ngokwazo, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezimbalwa zezazi zezinkanyezi ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nomthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-250-400.
Esithombeni, i-albino astronotus
Lezi zinhlanzi azikhethi ikakhulukazi ngamanzi, izinga lokushisa lingaba ngu-20-30 C⁰, acidity 6-8 pH, ubulukhuni nge-23⁰. Futhi, uma ubheka usayizi walezi zinhlanzi, kufanele uqonde ukuthi zivame ukuguqula amanzi - zishintshe zifike ku-30% wevolumu masonto onke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukubeka isihlungi esihle kakhulu sokusebenza ukuze imikhiqizo yedoti yezinhlanzi ingazifaki ubuthi emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-astronotus athanda ukungcola ku-aquarium - Hudula amatshe amatshe, akhiphe utshani, asuse imihlobiso ehlukahlukene yokuhlobisa nemishini.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwenqaba imininingwane emincane, uma kungenjalo kuzodingeka ukuthi uqoqe njalo uzungeze i-aquarium bese uyibeka. Esikhundleni senhlabathi, ungafaka izindonga ezinkulu eziningana ezibushelelezi ezansi, ubeke i-algae engakhuli kepha inyantanta, imishini ilungiswe kahle. Kungakufanele ukulahla ubucwebe obukhali nobusikayo, njengoba inhlanzi, seluqale enye kabusha, ingalimala kalula.
Esithombeni, i-tiger astronotus
Okunye okudingeka ukuthi kwenziwe i-aquarium ukuthi idinga ukufakelwa isivalo. Njengoba izazi zezinkanyezi zishesha ngokushesha emanzini, futhi ziphishekela okuthile noma othile, zingagxuma ziphumele phansi.
Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezimnandi kumnikazi izinhlanzi ze-astronotus Okumangazayo ukuthi le nhlanzi ingakhumbula umnikazi wayo, ibhukude iye ezandleni zayo futhi ibuye inikeze injabulo yokuyishaya.
Uma umuntu eduzane ne-aquarium, khona-ke le nhlanzi, ngokungafani nezinye, ingalandela okwenziwa ngumnikazi wayo, kube sengathi inendaba nezindaba zayo. Lokhu kuziphatha kwengqondo kuvusa amadlakudla asemanzini kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, udinga ukondla ngezandla zakho ngokucophelela, njengoba inhlanzi ingakuluma.
Ukuhambisana kwe-Astronotus nezinye izinhlanzi
Okokuqala, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-astronotus athembekile impela, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuwabeka e-aquarium eyodwa enezinhlanzi ezincane ezizoshesha ukudonsa. Ngokufanelekile, udinga ukwaba i-aquarium ehlukile kwi-pair of astronotuses. Ngaphandle kwalokho, noma ziphakathi kwezihlobo zazo, izinhlanzi zingaqala ukuhlukunyezwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Uma une-aquarium enkulu (kusuka kumalitha ayi-1000) onayo, ungaqukatha izinkanyezi namanye ama-cichlidi angqubuzani, ngokwesibonelo, ama-geophaguses. Ama-metinnise amakhulu e-haracin angaphangwa. I-Astronotus iyahambelana ngama-ancistroses amancane, ahamba kahle, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-catfish ahlanzwa emva kwalabo abathanda ukuzala inhlanzi enkulu.
Kodwa, lapho sesiqale indawo enjalo, kumele kubhekwe imithetho eminingana. Into esemqoka ukwethula ama-astronotus e-aquarium ngemuva kokuthi abaxhasi bavele lapho. Phansi udinga ukubeka i-driftwood enemilando, faka izingidi noma eminye imihlobiso lapho ikati lingafihla khona uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.
Awudingi ukufaka inhlanzi efanayo ye-aquarium ehlukahlukene ngosayizi. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke i-aquarium izoqala ukuzihlanza, futhi kuzofanele ukondle ama-Antsistrus ngokwehlukana, ngoba azoba nezinsalela ezanele ezisetafuleni le-master of astronotuses.
Isondlo se-Astronotus
Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-astronotus adla ngokuhlukile - izimbali nezilwane zedamu lazo. Izinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu, ama-tadpoles, ama-amphibians amancane nama-invertebrates, izinhlanzi ezincane, i-zooplankton, i-algae ehlukahlukene.
E-aquarium, zingondliwa ngemisundu, izidumbu zamagazi, izingcezu zenyama (okungcono inyama yenkomo), amakhethini, izintethe, inyama yembozo, izihlambi zezinhlanzi (mhlawumbe ngemanzini, njengoba izinhlanzi zasemfuleni zingatheleleka ngezifo eziyingozi), ama-shrimps, ama-pellets okudla okungezona, ukudla kwe-granular kanye nethebhulethi. Kufanelekile ukungeza isinkwa esenziwe brown, isigaxa se-oatmeal, namaqabunga aluhlaza ekudleni.
Kulesi sithombe, i-astronotus eyamboza ngethambo
Ukondla kufanele kuhlale kuhluka futhi kube ngokulinganayo. Awukwazi ukunikeza izinhlanzi okunamafutha amaningi nokudla okunama-khalori aphezulu, uma kungenjalo awukwazi ukugwema izinkinga ngepheshana lesisu. Futhi onekhono ukunakekelwa kwezinkanyezi Kusho izinsuku zokuzila, futhi azidingi ukondliwa kanye ngosuku.
Ukuzala kabusha nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-astronotus
Ama-Astronotuses aqala ukwanda ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Kuyadingeka ukondla izinhlanzi kahle ukuze zifinyelele ngokushesha ngosayizi wamasentimitha ayi-11-12 futhi zikhule ngokocansi. Uma unomhlambi, izinhlanzi ngokwazo zizohlukaniswa ngababili bese ziqala ukungena endaweni ngayinye e-aquarium, ezovikelwa komakhelwane. Lo mbhangqwana ozimisele ungafakwa ku-aquarium ekhahlamezekayo bese uqala ukukhipha ukuqhekeka ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa nokushintshwa kwamanzi njalo.
Abazali besikhathi esizayo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokushintshashintsha kokushintsha kombala babe ngabakhanya ngokwengeziwe, kuvela i-ovipositor yowesifazane, futhi ubeka amaqanda angama-500 kuya kwangama-500 etsheni elihlanzwa ngokucophelela noma kwenye indawo.
Amaqanda angashiywa nabazali abakhathalelayo, noma adluliselwe ku-aquarium encane ekhethekile, uzinakekele. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-50, izibungu ziqala ukuqandeka, eziba yisigaxa ngosuku lwesine. Ukuzondla kuqala ngezingxenyana ezincane kakhulu, kancane kancane ziye kufidi elikhudlwana.
Izingane sezivele zikhula zibe amasentimitha amathathu ngenyanga. Eminyakeni enjalo, i-fry ingathengiswa noma isatshalaliswe. Intengo ye-Astronotus kuyahlukahluka kuye ngosayizi, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezifika kumasentimitha ama-5 zibiza cishe ama-ruble angama-500, kanti ezikhulu kunazo zonke, cishe amasentimitha angama-20, sezivele ziphindwe kayishumi.
Ama-Astronotuses akhiqiza ngokuzithandela, cishe ngenyanga. Kodwa ngonyaka kufanelekile ukuthatha ikhefu izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, izinhlanzi zihlala zikwazi ukuzala, futhi ziphila ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuze kube iminyaka eyi-15.
Ukubukeka
I-Astronotus yi-cichlid enkulu ekhula ngokwemvelo ifinyelela ku-45 cm (futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-1.5 kg). Ubungako babantu be-aquarium bu ngokuya ngevolumu lapho bukhona, kepha imvamisa kunesizotha esincane - 25-30 cm.
Inhlanzi inomzimba o-oval, ogcina ucindezelwe kamuva. Amaphiko makhulu, athize athambile. Ama-anal kanye nama-dorsal fins axhumeke cishe emsileni; kutholakala uhlobo “fan”. I-Caudal ihlawuliswe.
Ikhanda likhulu, likhombe, umugqa wangaphambili ungqimba. Umlomo unenhliziyo encane, izindebe zinenyama, namazinyo amancanyana atholakala emlonyeni. Zonke lezi zibonakaliso zisinikeza inyamazane ejwayelekile.
Umbala omkhulu womzimba umnyama, ucishe ube mnyama, unamabala asatshalaliswa ngendlela engalingani umbala obomvu-owolintshi. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlelwe ngemigqa ecishe ibe mpo, ifane nombala wehlosi, lapho inhlanzi ithole elinye lamagama alo. Phansi komsila kukhona ibala elimnyama elilinganiswe umucu wewolintshi.
Ngokuthabisako, i-astronotuses yentsha ihluke kakhulu ngombala kubantu abadala. Amabala awo awawona awolintshi abomvu, kodwa amhlophe. Le mibala ehlukile ibukeka kakhulu. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga. Namuhla, sekutholwe izindlela eziningana zokuzalela ezihluke ngemibala nokwakheka komzimba.
Ama-Astronotuses angawabakhokho beminyaka engama-aquarium. Ezimweni ezifanele, izinhlanzi zingaphila iminyaka eyi-15.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Uma i-astronotus ihlala endlini yakho, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlanzeka echibini. I-biofilter etholakele yangaphandle izoba umsizi omuhle kuwe. Uzohlanza ngempumelelo i-aquarium ye-ammonia, eqongelela emanzini, kanye ne-catfish enkulu, ezokujabulela konke ukudla komakhelwane bayo. Ama-Astronotuses azwela kakhulu ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke naka ngokukhethekile ukuqoqwa nokuhlungwa kwamanzi.
Kwanele ukushintsha ingxenye yesithathu yamanzi kanye ngeviki ukuze impilo yezinhlanzi zakho ihleleke. Ama-Astronotuses awawabekezeleli amanzi abandayo. Ukuvimbela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ekuguleni, gcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi asemanzini ngaphakathi kwama-23-27 ° C.
Yondla ama-cichlid ngezingcezu zenhlanzi ebukhoma noma eqandisiwe noma inhlanzi encane ephilayo amahlandla ambalwa ngosuku. I-Astronotus iyi-fan enkulu yokudla futhi, ukuze ungayondli, uyinike ukudla okuningi njengoba ingadla ngemizuzu emibili. Ungahlela nokuba nezinsuku zokuzila ukudla. Njengabo bonke abanye abazingeli, ama-astronotus afana nenyama eluhlaza, isibindi senyama nenhliziyo.
Badla squid, tadpoles kanye neminenke, Earthworms, kanye iminyundu yegazi, izimpukane nezinhlanga. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokuthenga ukudla kwezilwane, ungondla ama-astronotuse ngokudla okukhethekile kwama-cyclides. Abanye abathandi bezinhlanzi baphekela ikusasa ukudla, kuyilapho bekugcina kukuqunywe kufriji.
Ukuzondla Nge-Astronotus
Ukudla okungokwemvelo kwama-astronotuses kufaka izinhlanzi ezincane, izinambuzane, izibungu, i-algae. Lenhlobo iyisidleke, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi kufanele zithole inani elikhulu lamaprotheni ezilwanyana ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Phakathi kwama-aquarists, ukondla i-astronotus ngezinhlanzi, inyama yenkomo yasemhlabeni, izidumbu zomhlaba, kanye nokudla kwekati elomile kuvame ukwenziwa. Akunconywa kakhulu ukondla ama-Oscars ngenyama yezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele (inyama yenkomo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi azinawo ama-enzyme afanele wokugaya le mikhiqizo yenyama. Futhi, lo mkhuba uholela ekukhathaleni ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka kwezitho zangaphakathi. Noma imuphi ama-invertebrates abanjwe emvelweni (ama-worldworms, crickets) angathwala ubungozi bokutheleleka kwezinhlanzi ngezifo namagciwane. Futhi zingcolisa kakhulu i-aquarium, engaba yingozi lapho ugcina izinhlanzi ezilingana nosayizi. Ekugcineni, konke lokhu okuphakelayo kungamaprotheni kuphela futhi akunaki isidingo sezinhlanzi kwezinye izakhamzimba.
Ngakho-ke, ekondleni ama-astronotus, kungcono ukuhlala ekudleni okwomile okusezingeni eliphakeme kwama-cichlid, ngokwesibonelo, umugqa weTetra Cichlid.
Inzuzo yalokhu okuphakelayo isobala: acebile amaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme, alinganiselwe ngokuphelele, aqukethe amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziphephile ngokuphelele, zilungele ukukugcina futhi zinikeze inhlanzi.
Ukudla kukhethwa ngokuya ngosayizi wenhlanzi.
Izinduku zeTetra Cichlid (XL) ziyi-astronotus yabantu abadala. Izinti zintanta ebusweni bamanzi futhi, ngenxa yesimo sazo, zithatha uhlobo lokudla kwemvelo kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngenkathi zihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zomzimba zama-cichlid ekudleni kwamaprotheni.
Ukuze uthuthukise umbala wezindawo ezikhanyayo emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, ungasebenzisa ukudla kwe-Tetra Cichlid Colours ngesimo samabhola ngokugxila kwe-carotenoids yemvelo.
Ama-astronotuses amancane angancoma ama-Tetra Cichlid Granules amancane noma amafulethi azo zonke izinhlobo ze-Tetra Cichlid XL Flakes cichlids.
Ama-Astronotuses athambekele ekudleni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kanye ngesonto izinhlanzi zidinga usuku "lokuzila".
Ukuvumelana
Mhlawumbe othile uzophikisa: “Kanjani? Nginama-aster ayisihlanu ahlala namanye ama-cichlids, ngisho ne-pterigoplicht!? " Yebo, kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ugebhe amalungu amakhulu omndeni noma enye inhlanzi engeke ikhubeke kuma-astronotuse. Kepha kulokhu, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi ngolunye usuku ukulwa kuzoqala. Njengomthetho, umzuzwana onjalo wenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthomba nangesikhathi sokuhluma. Ama-Astronotuses izinhlanzi ezinolaka kakhulu. Ukufutheka kwabo, imisele yabo ayikuvumeli ukuthi igcinwe nezinye izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banokuhlukumezeka okungathandeki. Ngakho-ke, isincomo esifanele kungaba ukugcina izimbongi ezimbalwa zezinkanyezi endaweni ehlukile ye-aquarium.
Impela ama-astronotuses awahambisani nezinhlanzi ezincane nendawo ephakathi. Babona igolide njengento engamakhosela ku-aperitif.
Ekhuluma ngokuhambisana, kufanele futhi ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-astronotuse, ngisho nezitshalo ezihamba kanzima kakhulu, kuyinkinga. Njengesincomo, ungacebisa ukuhlobisa i-aquarium Anubias,ama-cryptocorynes, i-echinodorus.
Izinhlobo
I-astronotus ihlukaniswe izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, phakathi kwazo kukhona ezintathu ezinkulu: ihlosi, obomvu i-astronotus nezinhlobo ze-albino. Ngokwesisekelo salezi zinhlobo eziphambili, izinhlobo ezintsha, ezinjenge-lemoni, igolide nephuzi lezinkanyezi, zisabonakala ngokuwela. Uhlobo lwe-albino nalo lungumphumela wokuzalela.
I-astronotus inombala wehlosi elinamabala okusajingijolo noma owolintshi emzimbeni ompunga. U-Albino unamehlo abomvu ngokumelene nomzimba omhlophe onamabala abomvu.
Umsebenzi wokukhetha obizwa nge- “Astronotus Red Oscar” uhlukaniswa ngesitayela somzimba esingajwayelekile ngamaphiko amnyama futhi kubhekwa njengokuhlukahluka okuhle kombala kwama-astronotus. I-Oscar ebomvu yaba ukubonga okudumile ngombala obomvu ocebile, le nhlobo ibukeka kahle e-aquarium, ibhukuda ngokubabazekayo kuyo.
I-veil astronotus, enamaphiko amahle amade, inokubukeka okungajwayelekile futhi okuhle. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokuzalela, izinhlobo ezintsha, ezinjenge-Blue and walnut Oscars, zazalwa.
Isifo
Naphezu kwempilo enhle nokumelana nezifo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele futhi avikele izifo ngokwelashwa zisencane ekwenziweni kwentuthuko. Eziyingozi kakhulu izifo ezithathelanayo njenge-hexamitosis, ezihambisana nezilonda emzimbeni nasekhanda lenhlanzi. Kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane, ukhunta nezikhunta. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inhlanzi idluliselwa ku-eyodwa futhi iphathwe, kanti i-aquarium ejwayelekile enomhlobiso ihlaselwe magciwane ngokuphelele.
Izifo ezinjengokukhuluphala, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, i-gesi embolism nokucindezela kubhekwa njengokutheleleka.
