Kunzima ukukhumbula uma kukhona enye inhlanzi enenkosi yayo. Futhi isitembu sinayo. Okungenani, kusho abalobi be-inveterate. Bayazi nokuthi ihlala kuphi iSterlet Monarch ngqo - engekude neNizhny Novgorod, eMfuleni iSura. Kuyiqiniso, zonke lezi zinganekwane zokudoba, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi i-sterlet lifanekisela inganekwane yalo liyakhuluma. Kubukeka sengathi ezikhathini zasendulo abantu bebekwazisa ngempela le nhlanzi. Kepha kungani? Manje siyathola.
Kubukeka kanjani futhi kutholakala kuphi?
Elinye igama lale nhlanzi elasebukhosini. Abalandeli bakhe abadume kakhulu ngu-Ivan the Terrible noPeter I, odumo lwabo bebengakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwalo mkhiqizo. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuze kwanelise izicelo zikaPeter I, enhlokodolobha yezwe, baqala ngokukhethekile ukuzalanisa le nhlanzi. By the way, wake wamthanda wabizwa ubomvu. Futhi akukhona ngenxa yombala wenyama, njengoba indilinga yasesiteji imhlophe. "Okubomvu" kulokhu kusebenze njengegama elifanayo elithi "ukunambitha", "okungcono kakhulu", "okuhle kakhulu". Futhi kufanele ngithi, uthole le epithet kufanelekile.
I-Sterlet, noma i-Acipenser ruthenus, ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni wakwa-sturgeon. Izinhlanzi ezindala zingadlula imitha ubude futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15. Kepha namuhla lokhu kungukuhlukile emthethweni kunosayizi ojwayelekile wes sterlet. Namuhla, abadobi abafane babe nenhlanhla yokubamba isiqhwaga esinjalo, imvamisa izidumbu ezingamakhilogremu amabili zitholakala ezingafiki ngisho nengxenye yemitha.
Kulula ukuqaphela i-sterlet - inikezwa ngekhala elincane nelincane amadevu. Abesifazane, ngendlela, bakhulu, bukhulu futhi ekhaleni labo lide. Kepha izikali, ngenxa yokuthi abaningi abathandi ukupheka izinhlanzi, ama-sterlets awavumi. Esikhundleni salokho, imigqa engu-5 yemikhawulo yamathambo iyabonakala emzimbeni wesidumbu.
Kwake kwatholakala izinhlanzi zaseMbusweni ngamanani amakhulu emigodini yolwandle i-Azov, iBaltic, iBlack and Caspian. Izidumbu ezinkulu zabanjwa eLake Ladoga nase-Onega, emanzini aseYenisei, Ob, Volga nase Kama. Uma sekuqediwe ukwakhiwa kwe-sterlet e-Amur, Pechery, Oka naseNeman. Inhlanzi yathatha izimpande, hhayi ngosizo lomuntu, yandisa indawo yayo yamanzi. Kepha nomaphi lapho lo mmeleli wama-sturgeons etholakala khona, uhlala efakaza ngobumsulwa bamanzi obuhlukile. Isigaxa ngeke siphile emanzini angcolile, aphulwe umoya-mpilo. Futhi "ukubhaliswa" kwakhe kuthinta umbala, ohlukahluka kusuka kinsundu omnyama kuya ku-brown grey shades.
Phakathi kwama-sturgeon, le yinhlanzi eyanda kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, insikazi eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-140 - i-allong futhi ibe ncane kunabanye abamele izinhlobo.
Inani lokudla okunempilo le-sterlet caviar lilingana nelika-beluga.
Empilweni ejwayelekile, i-sterlet iziphatha njengenhlanzi engezansi. Ishiya izindawo zayo eziyithandayo kuphela isikhathi sokuhluma (amasonto amabili iya emfuleni ongenhla) nangemva kwayo, lapho isondliwa kakhulu ngemuva kokuzala inzalo. Ubusika buba semanzini ajulile.
Impilo esezingeni eliphakeme lesitembu inqunywa amashumi amabili kuya kwamathathu eminyaka. Kodwa ngenxa yokuzingela okusebenzayo kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, inani lalezi zinsimbi ziyancipha kakhulu. Abaningi babo abakwazi ngisho nokuphila ngokuthomba (unyaka ka-5 wokuphila) ukuze bashiye inzalo bebodwa. Ngakho-ke kuvela indidane: inhlanzi eyanda kakhulu yayisondele.
Kunokulusizo
Isidumbu se-Sterlet siyifilidi elimnandi, elibushelelezi futhi elimnandi kakhulu elizokhanga ama-gourmet amaningi, kanye nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zama-fillet ezinhlanzi. Kucebile ngenani elikhulu lezinto ezibalulekile zokulandela. Le nhlanzi inikeza abantu i-calcium, iodine, i-zinc, i-nickel, i-chromium, i-fluorine, i-phosphorus, amavithamini D, B3 kanye ne-omega-3 fatty acids.
Ukuqokwa okukhethekile komkhiqizo kuyasebenziseka ekusebenzeni kwamaseli obuchopho, uhlelo lwezinzwa, indlala yegilo, ivikela imithambo yegazi emonakalweni nasekuqhekekeni, futhi kugcina isikhumba sobusha. Izitsha ze-Fish zilusizo olukhulu kubantu bathambekele ekwakhiweni kwezimila ezinobungozi noma nezifo zenhliziyo. Amaminerali kanye namavithamini aqukethe inhlanzi asetshenziselwa umbono, izicubu zamathambo, ukuqinisa umzimba jikelele, abantu abane-psoriasis nezinye izifo zesikhumba. Futhi abacwaningi bathi i-sterlet caviar inezinto ezilwa nomdlavuza.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, zingumthombo ocebile wamaprotheni, adonswa umzimba kalula kunenyama ebomvu, kodwa futhi uqukethe iqoqo lama-amino acid abalulekile. Ama-acid aqakathekileko, ngaphandle kwawo amasistimu wezinhliziyo, wezinzwa nawokuzivikela komzimba ahlupheka, nawo avezwa ngokulingana okuzuzisa abantu. Abaphenyi baseMelika nabaseYurophu baphindana ngazwi linye: inhlanzi ingumthombo ohlukile wezinto eziningi ezingeke zenziwe kabusha emikhakheni yolunye isigaba. Ikakhulu, ama-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids athathwe emikhiqizweni yezinhlanzi kade abizwa njengento eyinhloko yokuqinisa inhliziyo, ukuhlanza imithambo yegazi, kanye nokwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izitsha zenhlanzi, ngokusho kososayensi, zithonya isimo somoya. Futhi leli khono libuye lifinyelele enyameni ye-sturgeon. Abaphenyi bathi kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bathambekele ekucindezelekeni kanye nokushintshana kwemizwelo ukudla izinhlanzi, njenge-sterlet, okungenani kabili ngesonto. Njengama-antidepressants, izitsha zezinhlanzi zisebenza ezindaweni zobuchopho ezibhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin (i-hormone ebhekele ukwenziwa ngcono kwemizwa).
Izingozi ezingaba khona
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sterlet ejwayelekile akufanelekile kubantu abanezifo ze-pancreatic noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal gland. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi zingenye yaleyo mikhiqizo ukuzilungiselela kwayo okungafanele kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu. I-Raw fillet (noma iphekwe kabi) ingumbhede wamagciwane amaningi ayingozi. Lapho sebesemzimbeni, azibangeli nje ukuqunjelwa. Uma inhlanzi ebhakwe ngesigamu ithola umuntu onesifo sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungamukelwa ngesikhathi, kukhona ingozi yangempela yokufa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakuhle ukuthi ugweme izidumbu ezibheme ngentuthu ebizwa ngokuthi uketshezi. Ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwalomkhiqizo sekukhombisa ukuthi inhlanzi ivunwa ngokukhethekile ngemuva kokubi. Umkhiqizo onjalo uqukethe izingxenye eziningi ze-sodium, ezigcwele i-edema. Kepha akupheleli lapho. "Intuthu ka-Liquid" ayilungisi ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwezitho zokugaya. Ngakho-ke, "ukudliwayo" okunjalo kufanele kungafakwa ekudleni kwezingane, iziguli zeminyango ye-nephrological and gastroenterological.
Ungapheka kanjani
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-sterlet ingenye yezinhlanzi ezithandayo zamakhosi aseRussia. Futhi konke ukubonga ngefilidi yethenda nejusi, okuvela kuyo amakhulukhulu izitsha ezimnandi. Igqunywe ewayinini elimhlophe no-anyanisi notamatisi, kubhakwe ngososo lwama-berry, othosiwe, obhemiwe futhi onukayo. Kwenza izinhlanzi ezimnandi endle nezinhlanzi ezinamanzi. Ama-gourmet ayalwa ukuba ahlanganise i-sterlet namakhukhamba, amaqanda, amazambane, uphizi oluhlaza noma izaqathi.
Inhlanzi "Imperi"
Amakhowe ahlanganisiwe anyanisi namafutha zemifino, ansundu epanini. Faka izaqathi egayiwe bese ubila kuze kuphekwe uhhafu. Usawoti, upelepele, uthele ukhilimu omncane. Okwamanje, gutted futhi wageza sterlet ukuze izinto (ngaphakathi) ngezicubu kalamula. Grate i-fillet ngezinongo futhi ifakwe amakhowe amakhowe. Lungisa zombili izingxenye zenhlanzi ngamazinyo, ugoqe ku-foil bese uthumela kuhhavini. Bhaka cishe ihora. Khonza ngokufafaza ngamafutha yemifino kanye nelamula kalamula.
I-Sterlet ingumkhiqizo wokudla ku-100 g equkethe cishe i-80 kcal.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-sterlet?
I-sterlet emndenini we-sturgeon ivelele phakathi kwezihlobo zayo. Mncane ukwedlula bona, unekhala elincane lendlebe. Izinhlanzi zinezintokazi ezinamaphiko nezinde ezifika emlonyeni. Isindebe esingaphansi senhlanzi sinesikhumba esikhulu, izilenge eziseceleni zixhumana.
Esikhundleni sezikali, i-sterlet, njengamanye ama-sturgeon, inezikhafu zamathambo, izimbungulu, njengoba abadobi bezibiza kanjalo. Zitholakala emigqeni emihlanu yobude obude: munye ohlangothini ngalunye lwesiphetho sesisu kanti omunye uphakathi emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-sterlet, ukubekwa kwemikhakha ye-dorsal kunobukhulu, ngokuvalwa komunye nomunye.
Isibalo "sezimbungulu" zesidonsa ngama-13 ... ama-17 ama-PC., Ngalinye linesi spike ebukhali emuva. Ezinhlangothini ze-scutellum 60 ... ama-70 ama-PC., Esiswini - 13 ... ama-15 ama-PC. Akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-scal yamuva kanye nesisu.
ISterlet inombala ohlukile ezindaweni ezihlukile (isithombe). Umbala ushintsha usuka ophuzi ube mnyama. Ngemuva kwenhlanzi kungaba nsundu omnyama noma onsundu onsundu, amachibi ahlala engwevu, futhi isisu simhlophe qwa.
Ikhala le-Sterlet lingobude obuhlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo ezivulekile nezingenamfushane ziyahlukaniswa phakathi kwendawo yazo. Owokuqala ufuduka njalo, owesibili ukhetha impilo ehleliwe, ngakho-ke uhlala enempilo futhi uphuzi kakhudlwana.
Isobho sasebukhosini
Sika i-sterlet ebunjiwe futhi e-gutted ngezingxenye, engeza amanzi, engeza usawoti, i-pepper kanye ne-parsley izimpande. Pheka kuze kuthambe, ususa amagwebu. Beka inhlanzi esitsheni sehhotela, gxobhoza umhluzi. Kumhluzi obonakalayo engeza amazambane, u-anyanisi othunyelwe, izaqathe, usikwe emasongo, kanye nezinongo ukunambitha. Lapho imifino iphekiwe, engeza izingcezwana zefilishi yezinhlanzi (ihlukaniswe namathambo) nemifino ekhethiwe kusobho. Mboza bese uvumela isobho ukuba lisebenze imizuzu eyi-10.
Ungayikhetha kanjani inhlanzi efanele
I-sterlet yangakwesokudla isitaki esiphilayo. Futhi lo mthetho usebenza lapho uthenga noma yiziphi izinhlanzi. Le ndlela ukuphela kwethemba lokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ekuvuseleleni umkhiqizo. Okwamanje, uma isidumbu sesivele isilungisiwe njengomkhiqizo, konke ukunakwa kusemehlweni akhe. Kufanele "zibukeke" ngokulinganayo futhi zingabi neveli elimhlophe. Ngokuqondene nesidumbu, kufanele sikhule ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomunwe. Izinsimbi ze-sterlet ezinempilo zibomvu futhi zikhanya, grey - uphawu olucacile lokuguga. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuhogela inhlanzi. Noma imuphi iphunga elingathandeki yi-alamu. Futhi, akunakushiwo ukuthi kufanele uthenge izinhlanzi nge-pulp okuxekethile - lokhu kuwuphawu lwento endala, enonakalisiwe. Lapho uthenga i-sterlet, kubalulekile ukuba unake amapuleti amathambo (lawo esikhundleni sezikali). Eenhlanzini ezisanda kubanjwa, zinamathela ngokuqinile emzimbeni, uma zixoshwa, lokhu kungumkhiqizo oyingozi ukuzisebenzisa.
ISterlet ingenye yezinhlanzi ezibhalwe ku-Red Book. Futhi konke ngoba abantu emhlabeni wonke bayayithanda ngempela inyama yalo mmeleli we-sturgeon. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi kubonakala sengathi bathole indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo. Bawela i-sterlet ne-beluga, bakha inhlanzi entsha - i-bester, ehlanganisa izinzuzo zabazali futhi ingaba enye indlela ye-sterlet. Okungenani isikhathi sokuphinda siqale inani lezinhlanzi endle.
Ubukhulu be-Sterlet
Unyaka wokuqala izinhlanzi zikhula kancane, usayizi we-sterlet ufinyelela ku-10 cm. Inqubo ishesha ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Ubude obuphakathi kwezinhlanzi ezivuthwa ngocansi zingama-60-70 cm anesisindo esingu-1.5-2 kg. Abamele abakhulu badume ngosayizi ongaphezu kwemitha eyi-1 enesisindo somzimba esingu-7,7,5 kg. I-sterlet 1.25 m enesisindo esingu-16.5 kg yaqhamuka, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela. Izinsikazi zikhula kancane kunabesilisa, kuyilapho zihlala zikhulu kunezabesilisa.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-Sterlet
Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili emadodeni kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-4-5 yokuphila, kanye nakwabesifazane eminyakeni eyi-6-7. Ukusakazwa kwe-Sterlet kuvame ukuqala ngo-Ephreli, lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku-9-10 C. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ukuzalaniswa akuqali ngaphambi kukaMeyi. Abesilisa baba ngabokuqala ukushesha ukuya emfuleni, bekhetha iziza eziteshini zemifula ebanzi noma ezikhukhuleni zasentwasahlobo. Abesifazane bajoyina lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku + 12-13 C. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka kumamitha ayi-8-15, ezindaweni ezinamadwala angaphansi nangaphansi.
I-Caviar inamathela ngokuqinile ematsheni, ku-gravel noma ku-cartilage engaphansi kwamanzi; ngisho negesi eliqinile aliligezi. Amaqanda amnyama grey noma amnyama anesakhiwo esinamathele, futhi imvamisa eyi-2-3 mm ubukhulu, enesisindo esingu-7-8 mg. I-larva iba izinsuku ezingama-5-9, kuthi ekuqaleni sterlet idle imifino yohlobo lwe-yolk sac yayo. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, isikhwama semvelo siyaphela, bese i-sterlet iqala ukukhipha ukudla ngokwayo.
Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-120, inani lelo liya ngosayizi nobudala bezinhlanzi. I-Sterlet caviar incane kunabanye abamele ama-sturgeon. Ukusatshalaliswa kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho i-sterlet isuka emfuleni bese ingena endaweni yezikhukhula, lapho ihlala khona ngomhlanga nangasemuva ukuze izondle. Abanye abantu abadala abazali minyaka yonke.
Sterlet Habitats
I-Sterlet yinhlanzi yasemfuleni ikakhulukazi, ayivamile kumachibi ajulile. Izindawo eziphambili ze-sterlet zikumanzi amasha e-European Russia, kufaka phakathi iSiberia ne-Yenisei. Izinhlanzi ziningi ngeKama, emseleni kaCatherine, esisekelweni seNyakatho yeDvina. Izimbotshana zeVolga (ezindaweni zayo eziphansi neziphakathi nendawo) zidume ngenani elikhulu le-sterlet; kutholakala namachibi ase-Onega naseLadoga.
Ukuvikela amanzi anosawoti, akhetha ukuhlala ezigodini zomfula zolwandle olunjalo:
Ezithambeni ze-Dnieper, kutholakala umuntu obalulekile esifundeni saseSmolensk naseBryansk, obhukuda emanzini acacile eDanube, Prut ne-Bug. Esigodini saseBlack Sea, ama-sterlet akavamile ukuvela futhi ezikoleni ezincane, minyaka yonke kukhona izinhlanzi ezimbalwa lapho, okukhombisa ukungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila
Inhlanzi yeSterlet itholakala emifuleni ehlanzekile, enamanzi ajulile enesihlabathi, ibunjiwe noma edwaleni. Imifula emincane enodaka phansi, udaka namanzi agxekayo ayadlula. Amanzi anosawoti nawo ayagwemeka. Izinhlanzi zingezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-semi-pass, kepha azeneliseki ngokubhukuda okude, zihlala ezansi, zishiya umphezulu kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhuma noma ngemuva kokuphanga.
Indlela yokuphila yesterlet ihlanganisiwe, izinhlanzi zihlukana zibe izikole ezincane ngeminyaka futhi kuyaqabukela zihamba zodwa. Isikhathi sobusika ku-sterlet siphela lapho nje umfula uwela iqhwa. Isikhathi sokuqala somsebenzi wasentwasahlobo kuya ngesifunda - ukusuka maphakathi no-Mashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, izinhlanzi zidla kakhulu, futhi ngemuva kokusakazeka kusondela ebusweni ukubuyisa amandla. Ehlobo, lo sterlet ukujula ntambama, futhi kusihlwa ukhuphukela ezindaweni ezingasogwini lapho kukhona izimila eziningi. I-sterlet enamehlo abukhali isebenza kakhulu kune-blunt-nosed, ekhetha ukujula.
I-sterlet ichitha isikhathi sobusuku kude nolwandle, ibamba izinambuzane. Unekhono lokungena emhlane wakhe futhi avele ngokudla okuwa ematsheni. Lapho kuqala ukwindla, inhlanzi iya ezansi, ibheka izindawo ezijulile nezifudumele lapho iwela esihlabathini noma icashe ngaphansi kwamatshe. Kulesi sikhundla, usebenzisa isikhathi sasebusika. Ithanda izimbobo ekujuleni kuka-20-25 m, lapho igcwele khona emigqeni eminyene. I-Sterlet hibernation iqala ekuqaleni - kakade ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, inhlanzi ilahlekelwa umsebenzi kanye namanga, ichitha ubusika ngaphandle kokudla.
Umjikelezo wempilo kaSterlet
Amaviki okuqala empilo, i-fry icasha e-cartilage engaphansi kwamanzi noma ngaphansi kwamatshe futhi ayishiyi indawo yazalelwa kuyo. Bazondla ngamajusi ukuthi ancanywa kusuka kubha yemvelo. Lapho sezikhulile, zingqongqoza ndawonye emihlambini bese ziqala ukusukuma zibheke phezulu zifuna ukudla. Eminyakeni emibili yokuphila, i-sterlet ikhula ibe ngu-20 cm, ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kuthathwa njengomuntu omdala.
Umjikelezo wokuphila kwesterlet uneminyaka engama-27-30, kepha lokhu akwanele uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-sturgeon, athathwa njengama-livers amade futhi aphila iminyaka engama-75-80. I-sterlet iyakwazi ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo zabafowabo ezivela kuhlobo lwe-sturgeon, ikakhulukazi, ne-beluga. Umphumela uba hybrid oyingqayizivele - i-bester.
Umsoco weSterlet
I-Sterlet yinhlanzi edla inyama futhi ithanda ukudla kwezilwane. Ukondliwa kweSterlet kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi lidla izinto eziphilayo ebusweni kanye nezakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ngokujula. I-Fry feed kuma-crustaceans amancane kunazo zonke (i-brine shrimp, daphnia, njll.), Ama-mollusks, izibungu kanye ne-plankton ehlukahlukene. Njengoba zikhula, kufakwa ekudleni okuthe xaxa ekudleni - izibungu, amabhungane, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane ne-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi (azizideleli ezazo).
Ehlobo, i-sterlet idla izinambuzane: omiyane, izintethe, amaphakathi, izimvemvane. I-sterlet iyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane ibambe impukane, igxume iqonde emanzini. Ngaphezu kwempumulo ende, une-tendril yokufuna ukudla, lapho i-sterlet ibamba ukugcwala kwesisulu phansi.
Izindlela zokudoba ama-Sterlet
Ukuze ubambe i-sterlet, udinga ukukhetha indawo efanele. Indawo inhlanzi incike kuyo isizini.Uma umfula ugcwele, isisulu sisondela ogwini, ngenkathi sehlisa izinga lamanzi, sihlala eduze nezimbobo ezijulile. I-sterlet ikhetha izindawo lapho ukugeleza komfula kubuthakathaka khona futhi imingcele emanzini amile - izinambuzane eziningi ziqongelela lapho. Ukuluma kuvame ukulindelwa kusihlwa kakhulu nangaphambi kokusa, kepha ama-angler angomakadebona aqaphela ukungazibekeki kwezinhlanzi.
Inkinga evamile yokubamba i-sterlet ukunikela nge-donka, isb. Induku yokudoba engezansi. Sebenzisa izinduku ze-carp, amabhendi anamandla noma izimbongolo. Kungcono ukuthatha i-coil yangaphakathi, ezokuvumela ukuthi wenze ukukhilosha okude. Intambo yokudoba ilungile ngebanga le-0,3 mm, umbala awunandaba - i-sterlet ayinamahloni kakhulu. I-sinker kufanele ibe isicaba futhi isindayo (60-80 gr.), Ngakho okwangoku ngeke kuyivimbele. Imisipha enobude obungu-30- 40 mm isuswa kangcono, ukuze kuthi uma kudingeka, ingene esikhundleni ngokushesha. Imikhono emibili yagoba amasentimitha angama-50 phambi kwesinki. Ihhuku liyadingeka libukhali futhi liqinile, liqonde kahle ngo-7. Ukusuka emlonyeni we-sterlet kulula ukuthola ingwegwe enengalo ende.
Lapho usebenzisa induku yokudoba, induku iqinile kepha yinde ukuze kube lula ukushayela izinhlanzi. I-leash isetshenziswa mncane, okuzogwema ukubanjiswa kwayo ngentambo yokudoba. Izingwegwe zibukeka zibukhali futhi zizacile, kungcono ukubopha ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye. Baphinde babambe i-sterlet ngenduku yokuphotha, bekhetha induku yesigaba esiphakathi noma esiphakeme. I-reel kumele ibe yohlobo lwangaphakathi, i-sinker, umugqa wokudoba nezinwegwe zithathwa, njengoba phansi, sinikezwe ukujula komfula kanye nezici zethrafikhi engezansi.
Ukudotshwa kwama-Sterlet kuvunyelwe kuphela ngaphansi kwelayisense, ngaphandle kwalokho ungathola inhlawulo yesterlet uma kwenzeka ukudoba okungagunyaziwe ngaphandle komthetho. Usuku lokubamba luqala ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba 1. Kwenqatshelwe ukudoba abantu abangaphansi kwama-30 cm. Ngemuva kokudoba, ilayisense kufanele ivalwe, uma kungenjalo ukubanjwa ngeke kuthuthwe.
I-Sterlet Lures
I-Sterlet ayibolekiswanga, ama-nozzles asebenzisa imvelaphi yezilwane. Ethandwa kakhulu yizibungu ezinosayizi abaphakathi kanye nama-shrimps amancane. Imaggot ivame ukusetshenziswa njengokwengeza kunoma yiziphi izibungu - indle, imvula nokukhamba.
Njengoba ukubheja nakho kufanelekile:
- izimvemvane ezincane
- izibungu
- ukopha,
- gazinga ezinye izinhlanzi.
Ubukhulu beheyithi ku-sterlet akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-5 cm, isisulu esiqaphile siyomane sidlule isithiyo esikhulu.
Isaladi lekhalori
Amakhilogremu angu-0.10 (100 g) we-sterlet entsha equkethe i-122 kcal. Lapho upheka izinhlanzi emanzini anosawoti, okuqukethwe ikhalori kuyehla kube ngu-88 kcal. I-Sterlet ayiqukethe ama-carbohydrate, amafutha yi-2.02 g. Ucebile ngamaprotheni - 17 gr., Futhi amavithamini eqembu le-PP. Kuqukethe iqembu lamaminerali - i-fluorine, i-calcium, i-zinc, i-chlorine.
Ukuzalela inzalo nokuthomba
I-sterlet emndenini we-sturgeon ingenye yezindlela zokuqala kakhulu mayelana nokuzala. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngeminyaka engu-4 ... iminyaka engu-5 ubudala, izinsikazi zilungiselela ukwanda isikhathi eside - 7 ... iminyaka eyi-8. Izindawo ezihlakazekile ziyizindawo ezinamatshe neziyingi zemifula ezinemifula ngokujula okukhulu nemisinga eqinile, enesihlabathi, i-cartilaginous, ngokubabazekayo, phansi okugcwele amatshe.
Ngokuvamile, ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngoMeyi, lapho amanzi emifuleni eye akhuphuka ngangokunokwenzeka futhi egcina izinga lawo noma aze aqala ukuncipha. Isikhathi sokuluka masonto ambalwa. Ukusakazeka ku-sterlet kuyabiwa.
I-Caviar yalolu hlobo imnyama futhi imnyama, kepha incane kunaleyo yama-sturgeon. Owesifazane oyedwa unamaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Umbala wakhe uncike kumbala wesifazane.
Ukuvela kwefry kusuka ku-caviar kwenzeka ngosuku lwesine. Izinhlanzi ezibonakala zihlala zisendaweni (ku-cartilage) cishe kuze kube sekuweni. Ngemuva kokuqina, ngezikhathi ezithile baya ezingxenyeni ze-silt ezingezansi, lapho kunokudla okuningi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Sterlet
Izindawo zemvelo zesterlet zibanzi kakhulu. Le yimifula yezisekelo zaseCaspian, i-Azov, iziLwandle eziMnyama, izansi zePyasina, iYenisei, iLena, i-Ob, neNyakatho Dvina. Kukhona eyodwa kumachibi ase-Onega naseLadoga. Ngenxa yesitoko sokwakha, izinhlanzi zise-Oka, Amur, Pechora, Onega, Zapadnaya Dvina, Neman, Protok nasezindongeni eziningi.
Inani nokuvikelwa kwesibalo
Namuhla, inani labantu abanohlonze emifuleni lehlile kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu ukukhululwa kwempahla yasekhaya, yezolimo, yezimboni emanzini. Umonakalo omkhulu wezinhlanzi wenzeka ngenxa yezenzo zabazingeli, ngenxa yokushona kwemifula. Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwendabuko kwemvelo kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamakhasethi eziteshini zamandla kagesi ezinamadamu okugcina amanzi, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kwehle kakhulu futhi izindawo ezinkulu zagcwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadamu aba izithiyo ezingenakunqotshwa ekuthuthweni kwezinhlanzi ziye ezindaweni (imifula ephezulu) yokusakazeka.
Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa eRussia ezinhlotsheni ezisesimweni esibucayi futhi ngemuva kwalokho zinganyamalala. Kukhona isitembu kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN, ku-CITES Isithasiselo. Unesimo esifanayo nakwamanye amazwe.
Isifunda ngasinye sikhipha imithetho yaso yokudoba i-sterlet, kepha umehluko kuyo uhambelana nesikhathi kuphela. Imithetho yokuzingela le nhlanzi emangalisayo ifaka:
- - Ukuthola ilayisense - kunikeza ilungelo lokubamba inhlanzi eyishumi nambili ngezinsuku ezintathu, futhi abantu ngamunye kufanele abale isisindo sekhilogremu okungenani futhi abe nobude obungama-32 cm,
- -ivunyelwe ukubamba izingwegwe ezinhlanu, ngayinye ifakwe izingwegwe ezingekho ngaphezulu kwesihlanu,
- - ukubamba i-sterlet ngaphansi kwelayisense kuvunyelwe ngesikhathi sikaJulayi - Septhemba,
- - Ekupheleni kokuzingela, imininingwane ngenani lezinhlanzi ezibanjiweyo nokuthi lapho sekwenziwe ifakwa kwilayisense.
Ngendlela: inani lamalayisense lilinganiselwe kakhulu futhi hhayi wonke umuntu ongalithola.
Ukuzalela okwenziwe ngokufakelwa kanye nokutshala i-sterlet
ISterlet ibilokhu iyinhlanzi ebaluleke njengamanzi amasha. Ukuhambisana kwayo sekungomunye wesizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu, okubeka izinhlanzi esicongweni sokuqothulwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi, uma unikezwe lesi simo, saqala ukukhula ngo-artificial. Inzuzo yebhizinisi isephezulu kakhulu, kepha inqubo inomthwalo wemfanelo, yinde futhi inzima.
Ukuze uthole izinhlobo zokuzalela, amapulazi e-cage ahlelekile, abekwa ezitolo ezivalekile. Inhlanzi "isho" konke lokhu ngokuzola. Emini, inamathela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zamanzi, ikhuphukela phezulu ebusuku futhi, ngokuba ibhamuza elivulekile, imvamisa yokugwinya umoya.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-sterlet elikhulayo lingu-+22 ° C. Uma yehla ngaphansi kuka-0,0,3 C, inhlanzi iyafa. Idla amakheji kusuka phansi nezindonga - ayinaki ukudla kwikholamu yamanzi.
Inqubo yokukhula kwe-sterlet ifaka phakathi:
- - Ukuhlaliswa kwabakhiqizi ezinkanjini, lezi sezivele zingabantu abadala, izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ngokobulili - sezivele zibanjwa ezifundeni zokudoba futhi zithuthelwe endaweni efanele,
- - noma abakhiqizi abakhulayo: lokhu kwenziwa uma izinto ezingeniswayo zingasetshenziswa, zikhulile emapulazini uqobo, kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abaningi be-sterlet,
- - noma ukuthengwa kwe-caviar, lokhu kwenziwa uma ipulazi lisebenzelana kuphela nokutshala izinhlanzi bese lishiya kanye nabakhiqizi,
- - ukufakwa amaqanda: inqubo lapho amaqanda agcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ngemuva kwalokho kuvela izibungu kuzo,
- - i-fry ekhulayo: ngasikhathi sinye, bondla izibungu ngokudla okukhethwe ngokukhethekile, ekudleni kuqala kukhona ama-crustaceans aboshwe ngesihluku yi-agar, kamuva engeza ku-dreisser, inhlanzi eyosiwe,
- - ubusika bezingane emakhejini ebusika,
- - isitaki esikhulayo.
Umkhuba wokukhulisa i-sterlet ukhombisa ukuthi indlela ephumelela kakhulu kuleli bhizinisi yile ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlanzi ichitha ihlobo emanzini avulekile, ngoba ebusika idluliselwa emachibini lapho kufudumele khona amanzi.
Izifo zeSterlet
I-Sterlet yinhlanzi evimbela ukutheleleka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi uyagula. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yezimo ezingafanele kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sterlet ingagula ngamagciwane, amagciwane, fungal, izifo ezihlaselayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Sterlet kuyancishiswa, kaningi, ezindleleni zokuvimbela. Into esemqoka kuzo ukulondolozwa kwenhlanzi okuyikho, kubasusa ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
Isibonelo, lezi zokugcina zithinta imbangela ebunjiwe:
- - I-saprolegniosis, i-flexibacteriosis, i-aeromoniasis, i-trichodiosis - uma ubukhulu bokutshala ezinkanjini budlulwa,
- - i-gill necrosis - uma kunama-ammonia amaningi emanzini noma angcolisiwe ngezinto eziphilayo:
- - Isifo se-bubble bubble - uma amanzi engekho kahle, ligcwele amagesi,
- - i-myopathy - uma kunezinto ezinobuthi emanzini.
Ukuphotha ukudoba nge-sterlet
Isigaxa singokwabakhileyo abangaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi kwenhliziyo, ngakho-ke, ngokudoba kwawo ngokuswayipha, akukho zimangalo zekhwalithi yelensi yokudoba ziyadingeka. Ukuphela kwento okungafanele uhlale kuyo ukuqhuma okuncane, izingwegwe ezincane, okukhona kuzo nezinkinga ezengeziwe zombili ngokusebenza nemishini nokwaphulwa kwayo ngezingwegwe.
Imvamisa, ama-sterlet abanjwa eduze nolwandle, ngenxa yalokho asebenzisa amagiya angaphansi. Kepha ngokuqala kwekwindla, kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye nezinga lazo, izikole zezinhlanzi ziya ezindaweni ezinokujula okukhulu (kuze kufinyelele kumamitha angama-20). Isipinashi sisiza ukubafinyelela ngezikhonkwane ezikude.
Basebenzisa izinduku ezinkulu noma eziphakathi nendawo zokuphotha ngamandla nge-inertia / inertia reels. Ububanzi bomugqa wokudoba ngu-0,25 ... 0,35 m, noma yimuphi umbala, i-leash isethwe kancane elincanyana - 0,20 mm.
Isinki segiya lokugqobhoza ku-sterlet sikhethiwe ngokuhlolwa kwekhosi kanye nokugcwala kwaphansi. Isikhunta sisetshenziswa ngengalo ende - kulula ukusisusa emlonyeni, esinenyama enhlanzi. Ngosayizi, kungcono kuneNo. 5 ... Cha. 7.
Kokubheja uqobo, igiya elisebenzayo yisixuku sezikelemu. Namuhla, ibheyithi yokulingisa i-silicone caviar ibanjwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibomvu ngokufakwa kwephunga le-caviar yangempela.
Ukubamba uSterlet Donkas
Lawa magiya, ekufakweni okuhlukile, abhekwa njengabadobi njengento enhle kakhulu yokudoba i-sterlet. Ukuqala ihlobo, batusa ukusetshenziswa kwezimbongolo, lapho kukhona khona abantu abathola izimbotshana zenjoloba. Lo mklamo uhlinzeka ukubanjwa okuphezulu, ngoba awukwesabi nhlobo izinhlanzi futhi uhlonyelwe kaningana (kuze kufike kuma-5 PC.) Ukuxhuma ngezigwegwe. Ubuye futhi ngoba ngalesi sikhathi isipikili siphuma siyokondelana eduze nolwandle.
Ekubhekeni okungaphansi, induku iyasetshenziswa - imvamisa induku yokuqhafaza ifakwe i-inertia-free reel. Ngosizo lwabo, izinsalela ezikude zeheythi zenziwa, kulula ukukhulula lo msebenzi ngezingwegwe nokususa i-sterlet ebambeni.
Umugqa uvame ukubekwa ezansi kuka-0.35 mm - akukhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni nekhwalithi nombala. Ukuphakama kobude obungamasentimitha angama-20-40 - sebenzisa uhlobo oluhlala njalo nolususwayo kaningi. Isinki ngaphansi kwenkambo kanye nokugcwala kwaphansi ngaphakathi kwama-30 ... 100 g .. Izikhuphuke zikaNombolo 5 ... Cha. 7 (hhayi ezingaphezu kuka-5 ngomdobi ngamunye).
Kusetshenziswa kanjani isheyitundhu kusetshenziselwa indle kanye nemisundu yomhlaba ngosayizi omkhulu (mhlawumbe ophakathi nendawo). Zigcinelwe ukubhoboza ezindaweni eziningana - lokhu kunikeza isihebe ngokuqina okukhulu.
Ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela yesibungu nganoma yisiphi isicashele sesitshalo. Kepha kumele iphunga kakhulu - kangcono ngegalikhi noma inhlanzi, lapho ibola. Beka isihephe phansi. Kungcono uma ivulekile futhi ingqinile.
Ukubamba i-Sterlet ngentambo yokudoba
Ukubamba isitaki ngokubhekana nalolu hlobo akuyona into emnandi kakhulu, kodwa kuyasebenza. Ngasikhathi sinye, isimo sokudoba sizolile, ngoba inyamazane imvama cishe ayimelani. Into esemqoka ukuthola indawo lapho i-sterlet idlela khona.
Induku isetshenziswa ende - kuze kube amamitha ayi-5 nge-inertialess / inertiil coil. Esokuqala senza sikwazi ukulahla isihehi ngokwanele. Yebo, futhi ukudoba inyamazane kusheshe.
Umugqa uthathwa u-0,2 mm, ukuvuza kungaba okufanayo noma kunciphile - 0,18 mm. Hook eyodwa noma ezimbili - Cha. 5 ... No. 7. Sinesisindo esingama-10 g futhi ngaphansi kwaso sintanta. Uswidi omkhulu osayizi bomhlaba uboshwe ngokugwedla. Imvamisa imbala izitshalwa kuye.
Isigaxa sibanjwa eduze nolwandle ngemuva kwesikhukhula. Ngokuvamile, ukulunywa yinhlanzi ntambama.
Bishop Sterlet Indlebe
Imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa indishi ifaka u-3.5 kg wesigaxa, usawoti, amalitha ama-5 amanzi, isigamu senkukhu / isidumbu sesikhukhamba, ama-2,5 kg ezinhlanzi ezincane (noma iziphi), iqabunga le-bay, uphizi nophizi.
Isitsha silungiswa ngokuhambisana nale oda:
- - Bilisa umhluzi oqinile kusuka ku-turkey / inkukhu, isihlungi,
- - inhlanzi encane igoqwe nge-cheesecloth, ifakwe kumhluzi omdaka futhi ibilisiwe kuze kube yiphalishi, isuswe, ilahlwe,
- - Hlunga umhluzi,
- - faka isitaki emhlangeni bese upheka,
- - ngesikhathi sokupheka imizuzu eyi-15 ... 20 min. amaqabunga e-bay, upelepele kanye no-anyanisi ogoqwe nge-gauze afakwa kumhluzi,
- - Ngemuva kokuthi isitaki sesilungile, bayasikhipha,
- - kufinyelela izingilazi ezimbili ze-vodka kumhluzi,
- - Khonza izindlebe nge-sterlet nokufakwa kwemifino.
I-Sterlet ne-champagne endlebeni
Imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa ukupheka: i-1.5 kg sterlet, 1 kg ruff, 2 anyanisi, 4 inye. izimpande zikakhokho kanye neparsley, inqwaba yemifino (dill noma iparsley), isigamu seglasi le-ruff noma i-peravi caviar, 4 tbsp. l u-anyanisi ohlukaniswe, isigamu selamula, ingilazi ye-champagne.
Isitsha silungiswa kulandelwa imiyalo:
- - Bilisa izindlebe usebenzisa i-ruff, izimpande, isihlungi, khanyisa usebenzisa i-caviar,
- - usike izingcezu ube izicucu, uzikhiphe emzimbeni, uzesula ngamathawula wephepha,
- - Thumela izingcezu zenhlanzi emhluzi nemizuzu engu-15. upheke aze alungele,
- - umhluzi ophumele uhlungiwe futhi,
- - ukhonzwe kumapuleti wesobho: qala ukubeka izingcezu zesterlet kuwo, bese ufaka imifino ebunjiwe, ekugcineni engeza isobho lezinhlanzi eziwuketshezi,
- - i-champagne ingezwe endlebeni - iyinika ubukhali bokunambitha,
- - Nikeza u-anyanisi owabiwe, izindandatho zikalamula endlebeni.
I-styllet kaJellied nge-caviar
Isitsha esikhulu sigcwaliswa ngejeli ngesendlalelo sesentimitha. Ngemuva kokuqina, izingcezu zenhlanzi zibekwa imigqa ngaphezulu (isikhumba sibekwa phansi). Ucezu ngalunye walala i-caviar granular inqwaba yezinsimbi ze-tsp. l Intamo yomdlavuza ibekwe ezinhlangothini.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-jelly ingezwe endishini - inani kufanele limboze izingcezu zenhlanzi. Bayikhipha egumbini elipholile bese beyipholisa kuze kube yilapho ijeli liqina.
Khonza isidlo ngososo, i-horseradish neviniga.
USterlet Jelly
Ekuphekeni okujwayelekile, udinga: kilogram ye-sterlet, 20 g ye-gelatin, 2 tbsp. l i-caviar, isanqante, impande ye-parsley, u-anyanisi.
Imiyalo Yokupheka:
- - i-sterlet iyahlanzwa, igezwe, yomiswe ngepani, inqunywe izingcezu bese ibilisiwe,
- - lapho i-sterlet isilungile, bayayikhipha, bayifaka endishini ejulile, bayimboze ngefasitela,
- - Hlunga umhluzi otholwe nge-sterlet yokupheka,
- - IGelatin ifakwa emhluzi, ivuseleleke kuze ichithwe,
- - khanyisa umhluzi ophumele nge-gelatin caviar: 2 tbsp. l amathole angumhlabathi odakeni, kancane kancane engeza amanzi abandayo ezitsheni ezikuwo - kuzotholakala isigaxa esinenhlama, ingxube ephumayo icutshwe ngokungeza ingilazi yamanzi abandayo, bese kufakwa endlebeni eshisayo (ingilazi), ngemuva kokudonsela yonke into, kuthululelwa kabili epanini eliqukethe ijeli elishisayo, okwesibili uthele i-jelly ngemuva kokubilisa nengxenye yokuqala yengxube, ngemuva kokubilisa okulandelayo, hlunga i-jelly,
- - pholisa ijeli eliphumayo bese uthelela isigaxa, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, izingcezu ze-parsley, izintambo ezinomdlavuza noma izingcezu ze-crab zibekwe izingcezu zezinhlanzi.
Ungayihlanza kanjani i-sterlet
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza: kanjani ukuyihlanza i-sterlet? Uma inhlanzi ibukhoma, kufanele ibekwe efrijini ihora eli-1.
Sika isitaki ngommese obukhali kanje:
- hlambulula inhlanzi bese uthela amanzi abilayo ukuqeda umphunga,
- sinqume zonke izimbungulu ngemuva, zisebenza kusuka kumsila kuye ekhanda,
- kusongela isikhumba phakathi kwezihlangu,
- usike umsila namaphiko. Lapho upheka wonke, gill kufanele asuswe.
Sika esiswini phakathi nendawo, uthole okungaphakathi. Thatha isenzo ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokuthinta i-gallbladder. Uma i-caviar ibanjiwe, kufanele igezwe kahle, ikhululwe kwifilimu bese inosawoti.
Susa i-squeal: yenza ukugoba okukodwa okuguqukayo eduze kwekhanda, kanti okwesibili eduze komsila, usike ohlangothini lwezinhlanzi. Thatha intambo emhlophe ngama-tweezers noma ihhuku bese uyikhipha ngobumnene ngaphandle kokulimaza izindonga zesikwen (inobuthi ngaphakathi). Uma ingasuswa, inyama izoba yingozi empilweni.