Ama-Oxtails angawokulandelana kwezinambuzane zeHymenoptera. Banomzimba omude we-cylindrical, okhombe ngemuva, kwabesifazane abane-ovipositor ende, kwesinye isikhathi. Ikhanda liyindilinga ngesimo, okokusebenza komlomo kuyakugedla, kukhule kahle. Isifuba si-cylindrical, imvamisa sivela phezulu. Izimpiko zi-webbed, njengomthetho, zinobala, ziphuzi kancane, kwesinye isikhathi zibamnyama phansi, phezulu kwephiko noma emaphethelweni wephiko, akuvamisile ukuba mnyama kulo lonke iplanethi, ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imilenze iyagijima, igqokile kakhulu, ihlome ngamazinyo, i-spurs kanye nezihlakala. Ama-paws ahlala ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-5. Isisu sihleli, ingxenye yokuqala ifakwe esifubeni kuyo yonke indiza yesiphambano. Ingxenye yeshumi iyancishiswa, kuthi eyesishiyagalombili nelesishiyagalolunye bakha isiteji namagobongo e-ovipositor.
Amaqanda amhlophe okusaqanda-ahlanganisiwe ngegobolondo le-translucent elastic. Ama-larvae amhlophe nge-tint ephuzi, i-cylindrical, enomzimba omncane ongu-S, igobeke ngasohlangothini lwe-ventral, ngamabhuzu amathathu emilenze ye-pectoral engatheni kahle futhi nenqubo ebukhali ekugcineni kwendawo engemuva kwesisu.
Kusebenzisa i-ovipositor, insikazi idonsa amagxolo ibeke amaqanda okhunini izingcezu ezi-1-3. endaweni eyodwa nge strip eceleni kwesiqu. I-ovipositor ye-cattery ikhumbuza umshiza osetshenziswa emsebenzini wejometri. Inamaphiko amabili, kuwo kukhona izingcezu ezingabonakali futhi ezidlulayo ezinamazinyo abukhali neziteshi. Owesifazane ufaka i-ovipositor ehlathini ecishe ifane ne-axis yomuthi ekujuleni kuka-1-2 cm futhi ushayela umgodi weqanda, uchithe imizuzu engama-3-5 kulokhu kusebenza. Sawdust ezinhle kakhulu ezakhiwe kule nqubo zidluliselwa ngohlelo lwesiteshi lwale ndlela yokuchithela yangempela. Okokuqala, ziqoqwa “ngumbala wethala” bese zisuka zidluliselwe “kusihlahla somdwebo”, zisuka lapho ziya ku “sawdust”, okuwukuphuma kwazo ngaphandle.
Kuleyo ndawo yesiqu lapho kuhlanganiswa khona i-ovipositor yekati, kuqhamuka ithonsi eliyinqaba nje kuphela le-resin. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubukhona bamaqanda nezibungu ze-horntail ngokhuni. Izibungu zithutha ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesiqu, ziboshwe ngofulawa wokumba, bese zidonsa ngeminyaka engu-1-2, emva kwalokho isinambuzane esidala sihluma masinyane futhi sigqume imbobo yomgodi ngokuphelele nasemahlathini aso, sishiya umuthi kuso ukuze sibhekane futhi sibeke amaqanda.
AmaCragtails andiza kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Isizukulwane seminyaka engu-1-2. Abadala abadluli okunye ukudla.
Ama-Oxtails enza umonakalo omkhulu wobuchwepheshe, avame ukudonsa cishe zonke izinkuni zesiqu sesihlahla. Izihlahla ezigawulwayo zinabantu abaningi, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zisebenza kakhulu futhi zingahlasela izihlahla ezinempilo, zikhethe iziqu ngomonakalo womshini. Indlela yokuphila efihliwe yenza ukungavunyelwa kophondo kungafinyeleleki ukuze ifundwe ngakho-ke i-biology yezinhlobo eziningana ingakaziwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, kwatholakala ukuthi ukufa kwabo okukhulu okhunini kuhlobene nethonya lezimo zezulu (amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela ukweqisa kwesiqu, njll.) Kanye nezitha. Phakathi kwazo, ama-ichneumonid amakhulu ohlobo lwe-Rhyssa ne-walnut Ibalia leucospoides Hoch asebenza kakhulu.
Ikhathalogi emnyama neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Sirex ermak Sem.). Umzimba wakhe mncane, mncane. Ikhanda, isifuba nesisu zimnyama ngombala onsundu. Ubude bomzimba sowesifazane buyi-15-25 mm, kuthi owesilisa kube ngu-15-16 mm. I-larva imhlophe, i-cylindrical, enomgogodla ohlanganisiwe ekugcineni kwesisu.
Kusatshalaliswa emahlathini aseTaiga eSiberia. Kulimaza i-larch, fir, i-spruce, uphayini. Igcwala imikhiqizo yehlathi ezindaweni zokugcina nasezindaweni zokusika, ikwenze kungabonakali. Indlela yokuphila ifana neyezinhlobo zangaphambilini.
Ikati elimnyama (Isibonisi se-Xeris L.). Umzimba mncane, mude, ubude, bucylindrical. Umbala womzimba umnyama. Imilenze ibomvu ophuzi, isisu sinsundu-mnyama. Amaphiko aphuzi ngomngcele ompunga eceleni kompheme wephiko. I-ovipositor yinde, iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-1.5 kunomzimba. Ubude besifazane (ngaphandle kwe-ovipositor) buyi-15-30 mm, abesilisa yi-12-28 mm. I-larva imhlophe, i-cylindrical, isibopho esithile, ingxenye ehlangene yesisu ithwele ukuphuma kwesikhala okugcwele.
Izinhlobo ziningi e-USSR, ikakhulukazi kumaCarathi, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kulimaza fir, ukhula, umsedari waseSiberia. Indlela yokuphila iyafana nasezinhlotsheni ezedlule. Ngokuzenzekelayo ugcwalisa izinkuni ezivunwe endaweni ekhanyiselwe indawo ekugawulwa kuyo izingodo nokusika, zikwenze kube okungenakwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe.
Ukulungiswa okwenziwe ngobuqili akufundiswanga kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kwabo njengezinambuzane zobuchwepheshe kuvame ukubhekelwa phansi. Edume kakhulu ikati elikhulu le-birch (Tremex fusticornis L.). Isinambuzane siyintekenteke. Ubude besifazane bungama-20- 40 mm, kuthi owesilisa kube ngu-18-30 mm. Umzimba uthanjisiwe. Ikhanda nesifuba kubuthuntu, ngombala oguquguqukayo - kusuka koMnyama kuya kokubomvu. Imilenze ibomvu. Isisu matte, siphuzi ngezigaba ezimnyama zokuqala neziphakathi. I-Ovipositor imfishane kancane kunesisu, ngaphandle kwesithasiselo. Owesilisa uhluke kakhulu kowesifazane ngemibala emnyama yomzimba. Isiphundu esimhlophe ngokuphuzi, esimhlophe, esinomgogodla omfushane (ongafika ku-4 mm) obomvu ekugcineni komzimba.
Lolu hlobo lubanzi e-USSR. Indiza iyelulwa ukusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. Inani eliphakeme livame ukwenzeka ngo-Agasti. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ungqimba olungaphezulu lwezinkuni ze-birch ezibuthakathaka. Izibungu zingena ehlathini, kuthi lapho sezikhulile, zibeke izindlwana ezinkulu eduze kwesiqu, ziboshwe kakhulu ngofulawa omhlophe wegreyini. Imisuka yezingane eyandisiwe ayikho. Izimpawu eziqubuke epayipini ziqukule inkambo zibheke esiqwini futhi zikhethwe ngokuvula izindiza okujikelezayo. Isizukulwane seminyaka emibili. Kuyinkathazo eyingozi ye-birch ezindaweni zokukhosela, emahlathini ase swampy birch futhi uma kwenzeka i-defoliation ye-birch inezinambuzane ezidla amahlamvu. Kwenza ukhuni lungasebenzi futhi luvula indlela yokutheleleka ngefungal. Kodwa-ke, izinkuni ezixutshiwe zanda ngamanani aphezulu kuphela.
Ukubukeka kwamathegi
La mabhungane anomzimba omude we-cylindrical. Ngemuva komzimba kukhonjisiwe. Abesifazane bane-ovipositor ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
Izibalo zensimbi.
Ama-larvae angama-cylindrical ngesimo, aqothwe kancanyana ngendlela yencwadi S. Umbala umhlophe. Ama-larvae anezimbambo ezi-3 zemilenze ehlukanisayo ye-pectoral. Ngemuva kwesisu inqubo eyikhulu yezinyathelo.
Ikhathalogi enkulu ye-coniferous
Lezi zinambuzane zilimaza izihlahla zanoma iyiphi i-conifers, kepha ikakhulukazi zithanda iphayin ne-spruce. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlasela izihlahla eziqothulayo, ezinjengomlotha, i-birch kanye nepopula. Bahlala ezihlahleni ezibuthakathaka, badonswe ngumoya noma bagawulwe. Ukulimala kwemishini okubangelwa izimbungulu akuholeli ekufeni kwezinkuni, kodwa kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokutheleleka ngefungus. Izinkuni ezitheleleke kukhathaza omkhulu we-coniffort zibhekwa njengezingafanele ukwakhiwa. Lolu hlobo lwande.
Ama-Oxtails ayizinambuzane zeConifers.
Umsila wekati labadala we-Adult coniffort uphila cishe izinsuku ezingama-7, kepha ungondli. Umbala womzimba webhungane umnyama, kanti amaphiko ansundu. Ukuphuma kwezinkuni, ibhungane elidala lishayela umgodi kulo cishe amasentimitha ayi-7 ukuwela.
Owesifazane ushayela isihlahla nge-ovipositor bese ebeka amaqanda kumuntu ongaba amasentimitha ayi-2. Owesifazane oyedwa uletha amaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-350. Amaqanda akhula phakathi nenyanga. Kuqhamuka izibungu kuzo, eziqale zidla kuphela ezithambile zasehlobo, bese zidonsa ngokujulile, bese ziphinda ziphinde zibheke phezulu kwesiqu. Izinyathelo ezihlanganiswe ngofulawa wokushayela kancane kancane ziyanda bese ziphela ngesibalo.
Amakhethini ahamba ehlathini, alimaze nesiqu.
Isigaba se-larval sithatha iminyaka engama-2-3. Ukwanda kwezibungu kwenzeka noma ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ehlobo. I-Pupa mahhala, embozwe izinwele ezinde. Isigaba sezingane sithatha izinsuku ezingama-7-27.
Ikhathuni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Lezi zinambuzane azihluphi nje kuphela ngokufa nangezihlahla ezibuthakathaka, kodwa izihlahla zivame ukusebenza kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, ngonyaka olandelayo bayomile, ikakhulukazi izihlahla ezitshaliwe. Ikhathuni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ilimaza i-larch, i-spruce nezinye izihlahla. Lesi sinambuzane sikhetha izihlahla ezinamaxolo amancane. Imvamisa la mabhungane ahlala ndawonye ngamabhungane kaphayini. Ukulandelwa kwa mabhungane kuyabonakala ngaphandle, ngokusho kwawo kungaqondakala ukuthi lesi sihlahla naso sitheleleke nge-cattery.
Imisila ithanda igxolo elincanyana.
Ukulimala okubangelwa yi-blue pine horntail kuvame kakhulu. Ngokuhlasela izihlahla eziphilayo, i-cattery ayisiyiyo ezobuchwepheshe, kepha inkathambiso yomzimba. Lawa mabhungane asakazekile endaweni yezihlahla ze-coniferous; atholakala yedwa e-Polesie.
Amakhethini okaphayini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqhuma ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Owesifazane oyedwa uletha amaqanda angama-350-480, ngenkathi ewabeka izicucu ezi-2.
Ama-Oxtail ahlangana nezithelo ezihlahleni eziqinile.
Izibungu zalezi zinambuzane zenza kube lula ukudlula lapho kubekwa khona okhalweni. Amakhowe akhula emaphaseleni, okwenza lula inqubo yokuphaka izibungu. Izibungu ezivuthiwe zibuyela ngaphezulu kwesiqu lapho zimanzana khona.
Ezihlahleni eziqatha, i-biology yalezi zinambuzane ayifundiswanga kahle, ngakho-ke, ukulimala kwabo akubukelwa phansi. Phakathi kwezilokazane ezinqumayo, edume kunazo zonke yikhathaza elibizwa nge-birch. Lawa ma-cattails ahlala emiqhudelwaneni emincane ebuthakathaka.
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