Barn Owl Ungowomndeni wakwa-barn owl futhi ungowokuhlaselwa, kepha ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu. Le nyoni inamagama amaningi ekwazi ukuyinikeza ezinganekwaneni ezahlukahlukene nasebucikweni bomdabu, ngokwesibonelo: isikhova esihlwabusayo noma isikhova, isikhova sasebusuku, “inyoni enobuso benkawu” nabanye.

Futhi empeleni, bheka nje afanekiselwa esibayeni izikhova ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukufana okuthile kokuqala kungalandelelwa ngomfanekiso wale nyoni.

Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo

IBarn Owl akuyona inhlobo esisongelayo, kepha ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zayo ezijwayelekile zokuhlala izidleke kuyingozi enkulu kuyo. Empumalanga yeYurophu, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ngenxa yezizathu simbe, njengoba sekube nesicelo kwehla kunombolo esibayeni izikhova. Izinhlobo sezicishe zanyamalala emazweni aseBaltic naseBelarus; sekuyivelakancane e-Ukraine naseMoldova. Manje i-barn ejwayelekile i-Owl ifakwe kuzincwadi ezibomvu zamazwe ambalwa aseMpumalanga Yurophu.

I-Barn Owl: Incazelo

Igama lalesi inyoni edla inyama, ngokusobala, babevela izici yini kuzwakalisa izwi lako, kepha efaniswe uhlobo snoring noma nenqe. Kuhlukile kwabanye abamele izikhova ngendlela yediski yobuso ngesimo senhliziyo, futhi kubukeka sengathi ugqoke imaskhi emhlophe. Inyoni encane inombala okhanyayo nobuso obungajwayelekile. Usayizi waso ucishe ufane nesikhova noma i-jackdaw. ubude bayo ifinyelela 33-39 cm, isisindo somzimba salo 300-355 g, futhi namaphiko alo imayelana 90 cm. By endleleni, isisindo sayo ziyahlukahluka ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ububanzi futhi kuncike ngamunye ku umuntu othize. Kungaba isisindo se-180 g ne-700 g.

Engxenyeni engenhla, umbala wayo uzuze umbala wesihlabathi (obomvu) onamabala amhlophe namnyama. IBarn Owl imhlophe engxenyeni engezansi (ayifane kakhulu iphuzi), ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona amabala amnyama ku-plumage. Ngaphambili disc ungukukhanya futhi has a ukubukeka esiyisicaba, wathola umngcele buffy, ngaphansi amehlo kukhona endaweni encane izimpaphe abomvu. Izimpiko zimhlophe qwa ngamaphethini egolide. Iris imnyama nsundu noma imnyama. Amehlo akhe ayabonakala futhi makhulu. It has a Imizimba mncane, kanti futhi has imilenze emide, okuyinto abe izimpaphe obukhulu futhi Fluffy ukuze izinzwane. Unomsila omfishane. UBill umhlophe ophuzi. Ngendlela, umbala wengxenye engezansi kuya ngensimu yesikhova. Ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Afrika, Western futhi Southern Europe, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kuba mhlophe, kodwa lonke elaseYurophu kuba ophuzi.

Ngaphandle, empeleni akuhlukile komunye nomunye ngocansi. Izinsikazi zimnyama kancane, kepha aziphawuleki. Amachwane amancane nawo awahlukile kubantu abadala, kwesinye isikhathi anemibala ethe xaxa.

Njengoba siqhaphele, ezifana inyoni njengoba isikhova esibayeni has a ukubukeka basilibale, isithombe ngokucacile imibukiso kithi lokhu.

Habitat

IBarn Owl yizinhlobo ezingama-35 ezisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kuphela, zitholakala naseziqhingini. Phambilini, ibingatholakala eBaltic States nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS: manje ihlala ngamanani amancane lapho. Ensimini ka Russia itholakala kuphela Kaliningrad esifundeni. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu, ayikho ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezinhlelo zezintaba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-owl ejwayelekile yasesikhumbeni ihlelwa ezimeni ezihlukene zezindawo, ngoba yande cishe yonke indawo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayinawo amandla okuqongelela ukugcinwa kwamafutha ngokwayo, ngakho-ke ayibekezeleli isimo sezulu esinzima. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ze-USA nasezindaweni eziningi zaseCanada, eNyakatho Yurophu nase-Russia yonkana, akunjalo. Le nyoni ayikwazi ukuhlala njalo nasezinsukwini Afrika kanye ezingwadule zase-Asia.

Kwakunezimo lapho i-owl yesikhova ixazululwa ngokomuntu ngumuntu kulezo zindawo lapho yayingakaze ibekhona. Ngaleyo ndlela wabonakala eSeychelles naseHawaiiian Islands, eNew Zealand. Ngemuva kokuba isikhova esibayeni sesilungisiwe eSeychelles, kwehla ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abasebenza kestrel, ababesondla.

Izindawo Izintandokazi ukuze ukuhlala

IBarn Owl cishe njalo ihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Izindlebe emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ithanda ukuthi ixazululwe kuma-attic, emigodini nasemigodini yezindonga. Ukhetha ophahleni lwezindlu futhi ezakhiweni ezishiywe dengwane. Imvamisa, i-Owl barn itholakala emathafeni avulekile, lapho inani elincane lezihlahla likhona. Lezi zingaba yizindawo ezinjengezinkuni, amachibi, iminyene eminyene, nezinyoni futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezingenamuntu, amachibi, izigodi nemigwaqo emikhulu.

Imvamisa itholakala lapho amapulazi ezolimo kanye nezindlu zabantu atholakala khona. A engotsheni isikhova uyazama ukugwema zamahlathi ezinkangala. Kule nyoni, imibandela elandelayo yokusatshalaliswa iyadingeka: ukutholakala kokudla, ukuntuleka kobusika obubandayo nomncintiswano obuthakathaka nabanye abazingeli. Ngokuyisisekelo, aziguquli indawo yazo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kwezimo lapho izimo zokudla endaweni yazo ziphela.

Buka futhi ndoda

AmaBarn Owls ajwayela ukuhlala lapho kuhlala khona umuntu, kuhlalwe ku-attic, ezakhiweni zamapulazi, emanxiweni, emasontweni nasezindlini. Akumangalisi, phela, "esibayeni isikhova" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "esibayeni isikhova". Emadolobheni lapho kuhlala kukhona khona amagundane namagundane amaningi, ama-Owls aqoqekile ahlala kulula ukuthola ukudla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izikhova “zasemadolobheni” ezifundwa ukukhanya kwezibane zikhanyisela izinambuzane namalulwane ebusuku.

Njengezinye izinhlobo zezikhova, izikhova zesilungu bezilokhu ziphathwa ngokwesaba okukhohlisayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba zazivame ukuhlangana eduze namakhaya azo. Futhi sengathi ezinye izikhova, esibayeni izikhova babe uphawu yokuhlakanipha. Manje izinkolelo-ze mayelana nezikhova, ngenhlanhla, ziyinto yesikhathi esedlule, futhi abantu baziphatha ngobubele izinyoni lezi. Futhi iqhaza lesigcini sezikhova ekulweni namagundane asemadolobheni lisobala futhi alithinteki.

Ngabe kudlani?

ukudla awuthanda kakhulu igundane sengathi namagundane, futhi angakwazi aphinde abhekane pasyuk (a grey rat esikhulu). Ungabamba amagundane afinyelela ku-15 ubusuku ngabunye. Izinyoni ezingaphansi zivame ukudla izinyoni ezincane, ikakhulukazi, ondlunkulu, kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu nezinkulu. Amagundane, ama-voles asensimini, ama-hamsters, ama-shrews, ama-Optum angasetshenziswa njengokudla. Bangaphinde ukubamba amalulwane, amaxoxo, kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Isikhova sibamba umhlatshelo khona lapho empukane, siwunamathisele ngezinsika zawo eziyishumi bese siwususa endaweni lapho singadlela khona ngesizotha.

Ukugqama kwendawo yosizo lokuzwa kuvumela inyoni ukuba ibambe yonke imisindo eyenziwe isisulu, emsiza kakhulu lapho izingela. Izindlebe zakhe zinokuhleleka okungalingani: enye yazo isezingeni lamakhala, kanti enye isebunzini.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Barn Owl ingenye izinyoni eziningi ezivamile emhlabeni. Itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, naseziqhingini eziningi, kufaka phakathi eziqhelile. Kodwa-ke, i-owl yesikhova ayibekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo sasenyakatho, ngakho-ke ayenzeki ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zeCanada naseNyakatho Yurophu. IBarn Owl yethulwe ngempumelelo (yavuselelwa kabusha) eziqhingini eziningi ezikude: iHawaiiian, iSeychelles, neNew Zealand. Nokho, ukwethulwa esibayeni izikhova kuya Seychelles ngo-1949 wabonisa indlela ethambile ibhalansi yemvelo futhi kulula kangakanani uphatheke kabi. Iqiniso ngukuthi isikhova esibayeni eSeychelles saqala ukuzingela hhayi kuphela amagundane, kodwa futhi nesifo seychelles kestrel, inani lazo ezaqala ukwehla kakhulu.

Ensimini yendawo enkulu, kunezindawo ezingaphezulu kwezingama-30 zezindawo zokubhalela ezisesibayeni.

Ezweni lethu, i- barn Owl itholakala kuphela esifundeni saseKaliningrad.

Barn Owl uhlala ezihlukahlukene biotopes, ugwema zamahlathi kuphela. Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo zezinyoni ezimbalwa ezihlomulile emisebenzini yezomnotho yabantu ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi nasekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo, ngoba lokhu kwandise ukunikezwa kokudla futhi kwenze ukuthi kusabalale kabanzi. UBarn Owl uzimisele ukuhlala eduze kwekhaya lomuntu.

Ukubukeka kanye ne-morphology

IBarn Owl iyisikhova esinciphile esinemilenze emide. Kuyinto lolu hlobo esibayeni isikhova ukuthi ngandlela-thile "side" phezulu ukuthi sehlukile zonke ezinye izikhova. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-33- 39, amaphiko angama-80-95 cm, isisindo esilingana no-300-400 g. Amapayipi athambile kakhulu futhi aqine. Umzimba ongaphezulu uvame ukuba nemisipha emifushane eguqukayo nemivimbo emincane emincane nemachashazi. Ngezansi ngentethe emnyama engajwayelekile. Ngaphambili disc simhlophe futhi inhliziyo emise, nakho ngokushesha ehlukanisa isikhova esibayeni kusukela ezinye izikhova.

Abesilisa nabesifazane bacishe bangafani ngombala.

I-Barn Owl Voice Voice

Ukhuluma ngengulube ehlekisayo. Barn izikhova ukubhakuzisa amaphiko abo futhi phezulu ngoqhwaku lwawo. By the way, lesi sici sabo singathusa ngokungenakuvinjwa abantu abathathe isinqumo sokuphumula ehlathini bathule bahlangana naye. Imisindo eminingi eyenziwe yile isikhova iye yaphawulwa, kodwa okugqamile kuyo yi -illillillillillillillill, engazwakala ngenkathi indiza yayo. Ingqimba yesikhova esigangeni iphansi ithoni.

By endleleni, le nyoni lethiwa Russian okwesikhathi ongaphakeme, Imoto yayisikhahlameza, ukukhala hoshozela ukuthi imisindo uthanda "heee". Bazishicilela kaningi ngaphezu kwe-owl hoot ejwayelekile. Izwi lakhe eliphakeme eliyisiqu lifana nokukhwehlela.

Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo

Isisekelo sokudla kwezikhova zezikhova yimicibisholo ehlukahlukene yegundane nemikhonto. Nokho, abambe izinyoni, kuhlanganise carnivores kanti amalulwane, kanye amaxoxo, futhi izinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, isikhova siyandiza sisazungeze impahla yaso, siguqula njalo ukuphakama - phezulu naphansi, noma silinde isisulu kulowo oqamekele. Ukundizela kwezikhova esibayeni kuthambile futhi kuthulekile, ngoba amaphiko ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi iziphetho zezimpaphe zezimpaphe ziwuthambise umsindo wokundiza.

Izikhova ezibotshayo zibulala inyamazane yazo ngemilebe yazo, bese zithi, zingena kuyo ngemilenze yazo emide, ziyiklebhule ngemilomo yazo. intamo yabo kuba mobile ukuze bakwazi ukudla cishe ngaphandle eguqa phezu inyamazane. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izimpaphe ze-disc yesikhova zihamba ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho zivulwa futhi zivala umlomo, ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi izikhova zesikhova zihlala zikhonkotha ngesikhathi sokudla.

Ubusuku

Uyandiza ayozingela kusihlwa futhi uphila impilo ebusayo impela. Njengomthetho, bahlala sodwa, kodwa kungatholakala ngamaqembu amancane ezindaweni wayenemfuyo umdlalo. Njengoba izikhova zesikhova zihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo ebusuku, phakathi nosuku abalala ngalo. Ngephupho bakhetha i-niche ethile, yemvelo noma yokufakelwa - ingaba umgodi emhlabathini noma i-attic engasetshenziswanga.

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ziguqula ukuphakama kwazo - zingase zikhuphuke, bese ziphinde zehle futhi, ezindiza zizungeze impahla. Bangaphinde alindele yisisulu, ezifihle ukuqamekela kwakhe. Izimpiko zazo zihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi indiza yazo ihlale ithule futhi ithambile ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, inokubona nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, kwezinye izifunda izikhova zibuye zizingele phakathi nosuku, ngokwesibonelo, eBrithani, kepha ngalesi sikhathi sosuku kunengozi yazo ngesimo sezinyoni ezidla inyama, njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-gulls.

Isikhova esibulala isisulu ngezihlakala zaso, bese siwela kuso ngomlenze omude bese sikudabula ngoqhwaku lwaso. It has a intamo mobile kakhulu, ngenxa okuyinto kungaba sidle inyamazane, cishe ngaphandle eguqa. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izimpaphe ze-disc yobuso zihamba, futhi kubonakala sengathi izikhova zenza ubuso.

Vocalization

Izwi lesikhova esibayeni - i- "heee" ekhethekile ethokomele - lasebenza njengokubonakala kwegama lesiRussia lenyoni. Ngokuvamile, kakhulu "ikhuluma" esibayeni izikhova ngesikhathi yokwakha isidleke. Ngalesi sikhathi, bayabhonga noma badubule bamemeze futhi babe ngamafutha. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izikhova Izikhova zivame ukuthula. Ngaphezu kwemisindo yezwi, kwesinye isikhathi ziguqula umlomo wazo noma zishaye amaphiko azo ngokungazelele.

Indlela Yokuphila kanye senhlalo

IBarn Owls iphila impilo eyedwa, kepha ezindaweni ezinothile okuxhashazwayo, ingahlala ngamaqembu amancane. Lesi ngesinye sezikhova "zobusuku" kakhulu. Izikhova zeBarn zilala phakathi nosuku, futhi ngobusuku bakhetha i-niche yemvelo noma yokwenziwa: igobo, umgodi noma i-Attic endala endlini. Njengomthetho, bona bukhoma ixazululwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi inyamazane ( "iminyaka non-mouse") bangakwazi uthuthe endaweni entsha.

Lapho ihlangana nomhlukumezi wempahla yayo yendawo, isikhova sesibankulwana sasakaza amaphiko aso futhi siwashukumisa, sisondela eduze kwesitha. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhova sikhala kakhulu futhi sichofoza uqhwaku lwaso. Isisongo, njengaleso esinye isikhova, asikho ezikhohlakalini zomzimba. Kunalokho, elulele amaphiko akhe indiza evundla udela, ukunamathela phansi nge izimpaphe uvalwe agxishiwe. Uma ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kungasizi, i-Owl eyisikhonkwane ingahlasela ophikisana nayo, iwele emhlane wakhe bese ishaya imilenze eshisiwe.

Lapho umuntu esondela, izikhova zesikhumba ngokuvamile zikhuphuka phezulu emilenzeni yazo ende bese zizulazula phansi, ngenkathi zishukumisa izimpaphe zediski yobuso, “zenze ubuso”, bese ziyandiza zibaleke
Ukubona kwesikhova esibayeni kuthuthukiswe kahle, zibonakala kahle ebumnyameni nasekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.

Ukuzwa, njengazo zonke ezinye izikhova, nayo athuthukiswe kahle. Izindlebe zitholakala njenge-asymmetrically ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kwesobunxele kuphakeme, ilungelo liphansi. Lesi sakhiwo sosizo lokuzwa sisiza izinyoni ukuzwa imisindo eyenziwe ngabantu abangaba izisulu ezivela emahaleni ahlukahlukene. Izimpaphe ezikhulu ezimfishane ezakha i-disc yangaphambili ziyiziboniso ezinhle zomsindo. Barn izikhova singangena kakhulu kubo bonke amasignali umsindo, futhi uma liphezulu kakhulu umsindo basibekela izimbobo indlebe nge eyinqaba Imigudu embozwe izimpaphe ezincane.

Ukuzala

IBarn Owl imvamisa iyinto eyodwa, kepha amacala esithembu awabandakanywa. Okukodwa, kuvame ukwenzeka kabili ukwakhiwa kabili ngonyaka. Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa kuya, njengomthetho, ezimeni zezulu zendawo yokuhlala kanye nenani lokudla. Ezifudumele futhi lapho kukhona ukudla okuningi, akwazi ukuzizalanisa ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Isibonelo, endaweni efudumele yaseYurophu noma eNyakatho Melika, lokhu kuqala ngoMashi-Juni. Uma ukuphinda kubekwa kabusha kwenzeka, khona-ke ukususwa kwamachwane kuzokwenzeka enkathini kaMashi-Meyi nangoJuni-Agasti.

Owesilisa uqobo ukhetha indawo lapho kuzoba khona isidleke, abese eqala ukubiza insikazi. Ngenxa yalokho, isidleke ayakhelwe; salokhu, endaweni avaliwe futhi amnyama ikhethwa. Kungaba isigaxa esiqwini esidala, umgodi wesihlahla nezinye izigaxa. Owesifazane uhlanganyela ekuqandeni amaqanda, futhi ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa umlethela ukudla. Isidleke esinemibandela sitholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2- 20 ngaphezulu komhlaba, ubukhulu bokuhlangana ngokuvamile amaqanda angama-4-7, kepha angaba kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-14. Akulu, njengomthetho, ezikhathini ezibonakala ngobuningi bokuphakelwa. Usayizi amaqanda ukuthi asemhlophe noma ukhilimu ngombala ivuliwe isilinganiso 30-35 mm.

Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinyoni zenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Babhula futhi bancwebe ubumnandi, ububende kanye nokuhlwitha, benza umsindo obhalwe ukuthi “heee”. Isikhathi sonke, njengomthetho, izikhova zithulile. Kwaphela inyanga, insikazi incubates amaqanda. Amajaha aphuma esidlekeni ngosuku lokuphila kuka-50-55.

By the way, pair of owls uhlala ndawonye kuze kufe omunye wabalingani. Owesifazane nowesilisa bahlala eduzane komunye nomunye, kodwa ngamunye ngamunye.

Ukuziphatha lapho sibhekene nengozi

Esimweni esizolile, isikhova esihleliwe sigcina umzimba waso uqondile, futhi uma inyoni ikhathazekile, ithatha indawo esongelayo - isabalalisa imilenze yayo, yethule amaphiko ayo endizeni enezingqimba bese ithinta umhlabathi. Lapho ehlangana nomuntu owonile wempahla yakhe yendawo, uphakamisa amaphiko akhe ngentshiseko, esondela futhi eduze nesitha. Hisses kakhulu futhi chofoza umlomo waso. Uma lokhu usizo, khona-ke ihlasela isitha, falling emhlane wakhe futhi eshaya imilenze clawed.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Ngokusho kwe-banding, i-Owarn barn ingaphila ngemvelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18, kepha isilinganiso sayo sokuphila siphansi kakhulu - cishe iminyaka emi-2. Kodwa-ke, futhi kunemiphumela “yokuba ngumpetha”: eNyakatho Melika isikhova esasihlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-11 izinyanga eziyisithupha, eHolland isikhova esasihlala ngaphansi kwendalo sineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-17 ubudala kanti umqali ogciniwe uyisikhova esivela e-England, esahlala ejele iminyaka engu-22.

E-zoo yethu, izikhova ezisesibayeni zihlala e-Night World pavilion, okuyiqiniso ukuthi, yilezi zinhlobo efanelekile. Manje-ke iqukethe izinyoni 5.Esichazelweni ungahlala ubona amabhangqa ama-1, amanye "aphumule" egumbini elingachazi, kanye ngonyaka aguqula izinyoni. Iningi lezikhova ezifuywayo lithathwe emvelweni. Iqhude elilodwa lezikhwanyana Izilo ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile, zazivele zinamantshontsho amane. Bona efukamela bamba sondle amaphuphu ngokwabo.

Ukudla kwesikhwanyana se-owl ku-zoo kuqukethe amagundane ayi-6 nsuku zonke.

Incazelo Nezici

Akukenzeki ukuthi le nyoni izithambise ngegama layo elingajwayelekile. Imayelana nokucaciswa kwezwi lakhe, njengokuhlwitha noma ukuhlwitha. Isikhova esibayeni sihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezikhova ngumbala obonakalayo wesimo esingajwayelekile, onokubukeka okumise okwenhliziyo. Kuzwakala sengathi ufake imaski ku wakhe. Uma kunesithombe barn isikhova esithombeni, lapho-ke ungayibona ngokunembile ngalesi sisekelo.

Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinkulu, zinobuso obukhethekile nombala okhanyayo. Ubude omdala luphakathi 33 - 39 cm, isisindo somzimba imayelana 300-355 g I sifinyelela namaphiko 90 cm Ingxenye engaphezulu kuphela yomzimba is zihlukaniswa abe luhlaza esihlabathini-ezinemibala, lapho izilongotshane mhlophe futhi amnyama abonakala... Ingxenye engezansi ilula, ne-plumage enamabala amnyama.

Ingxenye yangaphambili iflathiwe, ilula ngomngcele we-buffy. Izimpiko zimhlophe qwa, zibe nephethini yoqobo yegolide-jet tint. IBarn Owl ingaqashelwa ngamehlo ayo amakhulu aqabulayo, umzimba omzimba omncane, imilenze emide enezimpaphe eziwugqinsi nezimfushane emilenzeni. Umsila akuyona eside, lwalo aphuzi-white.

Kuyathakazelisa! Umbala wengxenye engezansi yomzimba wenyoni kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi. Isibonelo, eNyakatho Afrika, eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Yurophu, eMiddle East kuhlala abantu abamele izinhlobo lapho le ngxenye yomzimba imhlophe. Kuyo yonke iYurophu, izikhova ezinjena zinengxenye ephansi ye-orange yomzimba.

Abesifazane nabesilisa bafana kakhulu. Uma ubuka eduze, ungakwazi kuphela kubonise ukuthi izinsikazi abe umbala kancane mnyama, kodwa lokhu akulona yesiteleka. UBarn Owl ubhekwa njengenyoni eyedwa. Uma, lapho indiza phezu kwensimu yayo, izobona isihlobo, bese ihlasela ngaso leso sikhathi.

Emini ifihla endaweni ephephile, ebusuku inyoni iya ukuyofuna. Indiza buthule, ngakho-ke ibizwa nge- “owl ghost” phakathi kwabantu. Yena angisiza kakhulu ukungaboni abukhali nokuzwa. Ukuhlala kuyindlela yokuphila engafani nakancane nayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingahambela endaweni entsha ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.

Umndeni we-barn owl uqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-11 ezinikezwe i-2 genera. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezidumile kakhulu:

1. UBarn owl Sitholakala Melika, e-Asia (ngaphandle eSiberia, Ephakathi futhi Central), i-Afrika, eMadagascar nasenyakatho-emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Inyoni encane (33- cm cm ubude) izidleke emigodini, imvamisa ezakhiweni. Okuphakelayo kuma-shrews, izinduku ezincane,

2. EMadagascar Red Barn Owl ingatholakala emahlathini aseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeMadagascar. It ahluke e Ubukhulu ezincane (emzimbeni has a ubude mayelana 27.5 cm) futhi siku umhlali ebusuku. Lolu hlobo lungaqashelwa ukukhala kwezinhlobo, okuzwakaliswa ngumsindo omkhulu (cishe imizuzwana eyi-1.5), ophela ngomsindo omkhulu onamandla. Ngokuzingela, ukhetha imiphetho yehlathi, amasimu erayisi,

3. Mask barn Owl uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu neNew Guinea nezindawo ezivulekile zase-Australia. Ukuze isiphetho, akhetha amahlathi kanye Kwezivulekile flat nge izihlahla ezimbalwa. Ukuze izidleke ukhetha imisele kanye namathiphu emvelo. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bunokwehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-38-57. Izinyoni eziboshwe endaweni eyodwa zikhonjiswa endaweni yokuhlala kuphela ebusuku, zifuna ukudla - izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni zasepulazini.

4. Imithi yesikhumba se-herbal - Umhlali emathafeni anotshani obuphakeme ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga yeNdiya, ezansi kwamagquma aseHimalaya, ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga yeChina, iTaiwan. Izinyoni lolu hlobo kulesi siqhingi-mpumalanga Asia, iqembu iziqhingi zasePhilippines,

5. Isikhova esimnyama - Uhlobo olutholakala e-Australia. Inyoni encane (ubude cishe 37-51 cm) iyindawo ehlala izikhala ezivulekile ezishisayo. Umthandi wezingodo ze-eulipt ezinomswakama omningi, ikakhulukazi ukhetha izihlahla ezindala ezineziqu eziphakeme. Ukuze ukuzingela, inyoni angaya ome amahlathi, kodwa ulindela imini ezivundile ezishisayo. Izindlovu nazo ezindaweni ezishisayo. Akufani ngokuhlukahluka ngokukhethekile ekukhetheni kokudla: ayikwazi ukudla izilwane nezinkukhu ezincane kuphela, kodwa futhi ayizideleli izinambuzane, izilobe ezincane.

6. Isikhova esincane esimnyama - uhlobo oluhlukile oluzinze ezindaweni ezishisayo ezingafinyeleleki zogu lwase-Australia. Igama liyazikhulumela - usayizi omdala ingeqi 38 cm zokwakha izidleke senzeka emigodini, futhi kubonelelwa kakhulu ama-izimbobo wosayizi omkhulu..

Kwesinye isikhathi ihlala ekucindezelekeni okungokwemvelo phakathi kohlelo lwemithi nasekujuleni kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, bobabili abamele lo mbhangqwana basondele komunye nomunye, kodwa ngaphandle kwesizini bahlala bodwa futhi basezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele phakathi nosuku. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda kowesifazane, kuthatha okungenani izinsuku ezingama-42 ukuqandeka. Owesilisa phakathi nalesi sikhathi uthola futhi amlethele ukudla ngaphezu kokukodwa ngobusuku.

I engavamile esibayeni isikhova wukuthi izinyoni kwalesi silwane ngesikhathi ukuzingela kalula fly ngokusebenzisa aminyene ezishisayo esingangeneki ngisho ebusuku. Akuyona neze inkinga ngabo ukuthola indawo yalowo ohlukumezekile, bese bemhlasela ngokungazelele. Ngaphezu kwamagundwane ahlukahlukene, izibankwa, amasele, angazijabulisa nezinye izilwane ezincane. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamatshe, izinyoni, nezinsimbi.

7. UBarn owl - Umhlali izifunda zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Yathola igama laso ngenxa yohlobo olwempunga olwepayi. Encane ngosayizi, amasentimitha angama-23 kuya kwangama-33. Le nyoni ayihlali emahlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi igcwele amathafa.

Endimeni yezindawo ezidlekayo, ikhetha izimbobo zesihlahla. Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izinyamazane futhi azideleli izinambuzane. Barn Izikhova lifana izikhova kweqiniso, kodwa abe ezinye izici ezihlukile.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

UBarn owl wachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1769 ngudokotela waseTyrolean nodokotela wezemvelo D. Scopoli. Wanikeza inyoni igama elithi Strix alba. Njengoba kuchazwa ezinye izinhlobo zezikhova, igama elithi Strix lalisetshenziselwa izikhova ezinamapulangwe zamalungu omndeni ajwayelekile - uStrigidae, kwathi isikhova esibayeni sabizwa ngokuthi yiTyto alba. Igama empeleni lisho ukuthi "isikhova esimhlophe", elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini sasendulo. Inyoni ngamagama eziningi ezivamile ezihlobene ukubukeka kwaso, imisindo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo noma okwesabisayo futhi indiza ethule ezaziwayo.

Ividiyo: UBarn Owl

Kususelwa kudatha ye-DNA evela e-American garn bhl owl (T. furcata) kanye ne-Curacao barn owl (T. bargei) kwahlonzwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Kuphakanyisiwe nokuthi uT. A. I-delicatula ichazwe njengohlobo olwehlukile, olwaziwa njenge-sarn barn yasempumalanga. Nokho, i-International Ornithological iKomiti ophikayo lokhu futhi zithi ukwehlukana Tyto delicatula kusukela T. alba "kungase kudingeke ukuba sibuyekezwe."

Okunye okubhalwe esiqhingini ososayensi kwesinye isikhathi kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, kepha lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokubonwa okunye. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-mitochondrial DNA kukhombisa ukwehlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili, i-alba ye-Old World ne-furcata yeNew World, kepha lolu cwaningo aluzange lufake u-T. a. i-delicatula, nayo echazwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Inani elikhulu lokuhlukahluka kofuzo latholakala phakathi kwama-stertens ase-Indonesia kanye namanye amalungu e-alba oda.

Barn Izikhova zisabalele kunanoma iyiphi nezinye izinhlobo isikhova. Ukubhalwa okuningi kuhlongowe ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kepha ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokucika kokunye phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo zesiqhingi zivame ukuncane, ngokungafani nezwekazi, futhi ngamafomu amahlathi, amapayipi amnyama kakhulu, amaphiko amafushane kunalawo atholakala emadlelo avulekile.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe libukeka kanjani ibanda Owl?

IBarn Owl iyisilinganiso esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, nesikhova esikhanyayo esinamaphiko omude nomsila omfishane wesikwele. I zenyathi babe kokungafani okukhulu ubude umzimba ngobubanzi obugcwele evela cm 29 kuya 44 kulo lezi zilwane. Amaphiko asukela ku-68 kuya ku-105 cm. Isisindo somzimba somuntu omdala futhi siyahlukahluka ukusuka ku-224 kuya ku-710 g.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Njengomthetho, izikhova ezisesibayeni ezihlala eziqhingini ezincane zincanyana futhi zilula, mhlawumbe ngoba zincike kakhulu ekuphambekeni kwezinambuzane futhi kufanele zikwazi ukusebenziseka kalula. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwesikhumba se-owl eCuba naseJamaica luphinde lube ngummeli wesiqhingi.

Ubujamo umsila yithuba ukuhlukanisa a isikhova esibayeni kusukela isikhova abavamile emoyeni. Ezinye izici ezihlukile yiphethini elinjenge-wave lendiza nokundiza imilenze ngezimpaphe. Ubuso obumbeke ngenhliziyo nobuso obumnyama bumnyama bunika inyoni endizayo ukubukeka okwehlukanisayo, njengesifihla-buso esinezihlakala ezinkulu ezimnyama zamehlo. Ikhanda likhulu futhi liyindilinga, ngaphandle kwezihloko zezindlebe.

Izikhova zaseBarn zinamaphiko ayindilinga nomsila omfushane, zimbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe noma ezikhanyayo onsundu. Umhlane ikhanda lenyoni kukhona brown ukukhanya nge kushintshana izindawo omnyama nomhlophe. Ngaphansi kunombala omhlophe. Ukuvela kwalezi zikhova kuyinto eyisimanga kakhulu. I-Ornithologists inezinhlobo eziyi-16, kanti inhlobo iTyto alba inezinhlobo ezingama-35, ezihlukaniswa ngesisekelo sokuhluka ngobukhulu nangebala. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphakathi kwesibalo esisodwa, abesilisa banezindawo ezimbalwa ezivela ngezansi, futhi bamathole kunabesifazane. Amaphuphu embozwe fluff ezimhlophe, kodwa ukuma sici ebusweni kuyabonakala ngokushesha emva ukuchamisela.

Uhlala kuphi isikhova esibayeni?

Isithombe: Owl Barn Owl

IBarn Owls yizinyoni zomhlaba ezivame kakhulu ezihlale kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Uhla lwayo lubandakanya yonke iYurophu (ngaphandle kweFennoscandia neMalta), ukusuka eSpain eseningizimu kuye eningizimu yeSweden nasempumalanga yeRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla sihlanganisa iningi Afrika, ezwekazini laseNdiya, abanye eziqhingini zasePacific, ababeya owethulwa ukulwa namagundane, kanye Melika, e-Asia, e-Australia. Izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuhlala futhi abantu abaningi, sebezinzile endaweni ethile, bahlala lapho, noma zishiywe izindawo zokudlela eziseduze.

I-Barn Owl (T. alba) - inobubanzi obubanzi. Ihlala eYurophu, kanye nase-Afrika, e-Asia, New Guinea, e-Australia naseMelika, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho ze-Alaska naseCanada.

• i-owl-barn owl (i-glaucops) - isiphetho eHaiti,
• Barn Owl (T. capensis) - elise Ephakathi naseNingizimu Afrika,
• izinhlobonhlobo zaseMadagascar zitholakala eMadagascar,
• uhla lwe-brown-brown (T. nigrobrunnea) ne-Australia (T. novaehollandiae) luhlanganisa iNew Guinea nengxenye ye-Australia,
• T. multipunctata - indali yase-Australia,
• I-Golden Barn Owl (T. aurantia) - isiphetho mayelana. eNew Britain
• T. manusi - cishe. Manus
• T. nigrobrunnea - cishe. Sula
• T. sororcula - obakhathalelayo. Tanimbar
• ISulawesi (T. rosenbergii) neMinahasa (T. inexpectata) bahlala eSulawesi.

IBarn Owls inezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya kuya emadolobheni. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ezindaweni ezivulekile njengamamadows, ogwadule, amachibi nezinkambu zezolimo. Zidinga yokwakha izidleke, ezifana izihlahla eziyize, agcwalise kwamadwala nasemifuleni, nasemihumeni, imibhoshongo isonto, azivuni, azibekeleli ezinqolobaneni, njll Ukutholakala ezifanele yokwakha izidleke imikhawulo ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yemvelo efanele ekunikezeni ukudla.

Ngabe kudlani isikhova?

Isithombe: UBarn Owl kuNdiza

Lezi yizilwane ezidla ebusuku ezikhetha izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. IBarn Owls iqala ukuzingela yodwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Ukuthola target ezihambayo, zakha umbono ebucayi kakhulu ekukhanyeni ongaphakeme. Kodwa-ke, lapho zizingela ebumnyameni ngokuphelele, isikhova sithembela endlebeni ebukhali ukuze ibambe inyamazane. IBarn Owls yizinyoni ezinembe kunazo lapho ufuna inyamazane ngomsindo. Enye into esisiza ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo yizimpaphe zazo ezi-fluffy, ezisiza ukudonsa umsindo lapho uhamba.

Isikhova singasondela esilwaneni saso cishe singanakwa. Barn izikhova ukuhlasela izisulu zawo izindiza ongaphakeme (1.5-5.5 amamitha ngaphezu komhlabathi), uthwebule yimpango yabo, izinyawo zibhekiswe phansi bese hit emuva Yekhanda ngoqhwaku lwawo. Ngemuva kwalokho bamunca wonke umkhiqizo. IBarn Owls igcina ukudla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela.

Ukudla okuphambili komhlambi Owl kuqukethe:

UBarn owl uyazingela, endiza kancane futhi ahlole umhlaba. Angakwazi ukusebenzisa amagatsha, ezicijile noma nezinye izingosi wokubuka ukuskena endaweni. Le nyoni inamaphiko amade, abanzi, okuyivumela ukuba ikwazi ukuhamba futhi ijika kakhulu. Imilenze neminwe yakhe mide futhi mncane. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola ukudla ngamahlamvu aminyene noma ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi isibaya esithile sidla ama-voes owodwa noma amaningi ubusuku, okuhambelana namaphesenti angamashumi amabili nantathu esisindo somzimba wale nyoni.

ukukhiqizwa Small is udwenguliwe futhi kudliwa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ekukhiqizeni emikhulu, phezu 100 g, is ahlahlelwe nezingxenye engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo befakwa phandle. Ezingeni lesifunda, imikhiqizo engenagundane isetshenziswa ngokuya ngokubiza. Eziqhingini ezicebile ngezinyoni, ukudliwa kwezikhwanyana Owls kungafaka phakathi kwezinyoni eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-15.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: UBarn Owl

Izikhova zesikhumba ziyaphaphama ebusuku, zibala ukuzwa okujulile ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Ziba asebenzayo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa waphawula emini uma usuka kwenye indawo uya ngobusuku obubodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukuzingela emini uma ubusuku obudlule bebumanzi futhi benza ukuzingela kube nzima.

IBarn Owls akuzona izinyoni ezihlala endaweni ethile, kepha inebanga elithile lekhaya abazondla kulo. Kwabesilisa eScotland lokhu kuyindawo engaba amakhilomitha ayi-1 ukusuka endaweni yezidleke. Uhla lowesifazane luhlangana kakhulu nalolo lomlingani. Ngaphezu isizini zizalela, kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngokuvamile ukulala ngokwehlukile. Umuntu ngamunye unezindawo cishe ezintathu lapho ungacasha khona phakathi nosuku, nokuthi ziphi isikhathi esifushane phakathi nobusuku.

Lezi zindawo zifaka:

• izihlahla eziyize
• imigodi emadwaleni
• ezakhiweni ezishiywe dengwane
• chimneys
• imichilo nge hay, njll.

Njengoba isikhathi sokuzalela sisondela, izinyoni zibuyela endaweni yesidleke esikhethiwe ubusuku bonke. IBarn Owls yizindawo ezivulekile, njengomhlaba wezolimo noma amadlelo anezindawo ezithile ezinamahlathi, ezindaweni eziphansi ngamamitha ayi-2000. Lokhu isikhova uncamela ukuzingela kanye emaphethelweni aleli hlathi noma imicu utshani anolaka eseduze idlelo.

Njengezikhova eziningi, izikhova zesikhova zanda buthule, amazinyo amancane emaphethelweni angaphambili ezimpaphe kanye nomucu onjengezinwele emaphethelweni we-trailing asiza ukusika ekuphaphazeni komoya, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isiyaluyalu nomsindo ohambisana nawo. Ukuziphatha kwezinyoni nokuthandwa yindawo ezungezile kungahluka kancane phakathi kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: UBarn Owl

Izikhova zaseBarn izinyoni ezinyantisa igazi, noma kunemibiko yesithembu. Ngazimbili uhlale ndawonye uma nje kokubili abantu bayaphila. Ukuqomisana kuqala ngokuboniswa kwezindiza ngabesilisa, okuhambisana nomsindo nokujaha insikazi. Owesilisa uzobuye aqandeke emoyeni phambi kowesifazane ohlezi imizuzwana eminingana.

Ukukopisha kwenzeka njalo ngemizuzu embalwa ngenkathi ufuna i-jack. Bobabili ubulili bathontelana phambi komunye nomunye ukuze bakhiqize. Iduna antante zesifazane, ulibambe wakhe ngentamo namabhalansi ne ukusabalala amaphiko. Ukulingisa kuyaqhubeka nokuncipha kwemvamisa kukho konke ukufukelwa nokukhuliswa kwezinkukhu.

UBarn izikhova zizalela kanye ngonyaka. Zingakwazi ukuzala cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kuye ngomsoco. Iningi labantu liqala ukuzala lineminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Ngenxa iDemo sokuphila isikhova izinqolobane (okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu-2), abantu abaningi ukuzalela kanye noma kabili kuphela. Njengomthetho, amabele owl akhula ama-brood owodwa ngonyaka, yize kwamanye amabhangqa kunokukhuphuka kwama-broods amathathu ngonyaka owodwa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izitho zensikazi zaseBarn owl zishiya isidleke ngesikhathi sokufakelwa isikhashana futhi ezimeni ezinkulu.Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa udla insikazi ekufukameleni. Uhlala esidlekeni kuze kube yilapho amaphutha esondele ezinsukwini ezingama-25. Iziduna ziletha ukudla esidlekeni sensikazi namachwane, kepha insikazi kuphela yondla amawundlu, ekuqaleni igqekeza ukudla kube izingcezu ezincane.

IBarn Owls ivame ukusebenzisa isidleke esidala esineminyaka eminingi ikhona, esikhundleni sokwakha esisha. Owesifazane uvame ukugoqa isidleke ngemvuthuluka echobozekile. Izalela amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwayi-18 (imvamisa ama-4 kuye kwayi-7) ngesilinganiso seqanda elilodwa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-29 kuye kwezingama-34. Izinkukhu zibamba futhi zidle insikazi ngemuva kokuqunjelwa. Bashiya isidleke ezinsukwini ezingama-50-70 ngemuva kokuqokwa, kepha babuyela esidlekeni ubusuku. Bazimela ngokuphelele kubazali babo amasonto angama-3-5 ngemuva kokuba sebeqale ukundiza.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi izikhova zesibaya zibukeka kanjani. Ake sibheke ukuthi isikhova sihlala kanjani endle.

Izitha Zemvelo ZeBarn Owls

Isithombe: UBarn Owl

Izikhova zaseBarn zinezinyamazane ezimbalwa. Imikhuba kwesinye isikhathi ibanjwa ama-ermines nezinyoka. Kukhona futhi nobufakazi bokuthi isikhova esinezimpondo kwesinye isikhathi sisebenzisa abantu abadala. Ukubhaliswa kweBarn engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePalearctic kuncane kakhulu kunaseNyakatho Melika. Izinkozi zegolide, amakhayithi abomvu, amanqe, izimpungushe ze-peregrine, izimpungushe, nezikhova zokhozi ngezinye izikhathi zizingela lezi zindawo ezithandwa kuzo.

Lapho ibhekene nomuntu ongangeneki kuyo, izikhova ezisebenza esibayeni zelula amaphiko azo bese zizithambeka ukuze ubuso bazo obuphakathi babhekane nomuntu ongangenayo. Bese benikina amakhanda bebuyela emuva. Lokhu kuboniswa kwesongo kuhambisana nokweshelwa kanye nezikweletu, ezinikezwa ngamehlo aqobayo. Uma umhlaseli eqhubeka nokuhlasela, isikhova siwela emhlana wakhe bese siyishaya ngempama.

Ama-Serov angamakhosi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane. Amapheya akhona ezindaweni zokudla izidleke. Kuhlaselwa nemikhaza yezimpaphe nezimpaphe, ezidluliswa kusuka enyangeni kuya kunyoni ngokuxhumana ngqo. Imvamisa kuba khona izimpukane ezingena ngegazi, njenge-Ornithomyia avicularia, ezihamba phakathi kwephaneli. Ama-parasites angaphakathi afaka i-Fluke Strigea strigis, i-tapeworms Paruternia candelabraria, izinhlobo eziningana zeziwunguzungu eziyizidlakudla kanye nezibungu zepickly ezivela kuhlobo lweCentrorhynchus. Lezi zinambuzane zamathumbu zitholakala lapho izinyoni zidla emafweni athelelekile.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe libukeka kanjani ibanda Owl?

Le nhlobo ibilokhu inezindlela ezinzile zokuphila kwabantu kule minyaka engama-40 edlule eMelika. Amanani abantu eYurophu alinganiselwa ukuthi ayashintshashintsha. Namuhla, inani labantu baseYurophu balinganiselwa ku-111,000-230,000 ngazimbili, elihambelana nabantu abangama-222,000-460,000 abantu abavuthiwe. I-Europe icishe ibe yi-5% yebanga lomhlaba jikelele, ngakho-ke ukulinganisa okuyingqophamlando kwenani labantu emhlabeni ngabantu abangama-4,400,000-9,200,000 abavuthiwe, yize kuqinisekiswa eminye imininingwane yalokhu kulinganisa.

Emapulazini anamuhla, azisekho izindawo ezanele zokwakha izidleke zamapulazi futhi amapulazi awasakwazi ukuqukethe izinduku ezanele ukondla i-pair of barn Owls. Isibalo sezikhova, noma kunjalo, sehla kuphela kwezinye izindawo, hhayi kulo lonke uhla lwazo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukubhaliswa okuhlukile kwabantu abancane besiqhingi nakho kusengozini ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe.

UBarn owl iphendula ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukubulala izibulala-zinambuzane nezinguquko ezenzweni zezolimo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, aziqoqeki amafutha ngokweqile emzimbeni njengendawo ebekelwe isimo sezulu esibi sasebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikhova eziningi ziyafa esimweni sezulu esineqhwa noma zibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba zizale kabusha intwasahlobo elandelayo. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nayo ibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwalesi zinhlobo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izikhova zesikhova zihlupheka kakhulu ngemiphumela yokubulala izinambuzane kunezinye izinhlobo zezikhova. Le mithi yokubulala izinambuzane imvamisa inembangela yokuncipha kweshellic yamaqanda.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Ososayensi be-ornithologists abakwazanga ukubeka izikhova zomhlambi kunoma yiliphi iqembu elithile, ngakho-ke banquma "ukubabela" isigaba sabo esihlukile. UBarn owl uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu, futhi olutholakala namuhla kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.

Phezu kokuthi i-owl isikhova iyisidlakudla, ebusayo kunazo zonke izikhova, ubukhulu bayo bube nesizotha kakhulu: ubude bomzimba buqala ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kumashumi amahlanu, nesisindo - ukusuka kumakhulu amabili kuya kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili amagremu.

Izitho zesifazane zaseBarn owl zingamaphesenti ayishumi kunabesilisa. I-plumage yezinyoni i-fluffy futhi ithambile. Umzimba nekhanda eliphakeme kuvame ukuba ngompunga omnyama noma onsundu ngombala, ngenkathi yonke indawo yomzimba iminyene ngamachashazi.

I-Belly, i-muzzle nesifuba kumhlophe, kuvame ukuba namabala. Isidumbu sesikhova siyacile, emilengeni emnyama epinki izimpandla ezimnyama. Amehlo alezi zinyoni aboniswa kakhulu, ngombala omuhle we-iris omuhle.

UBarn owl Namuhla selusabalale cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba wembulunga yonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kanye nezinye izifunda namazwe anezimo sezulu ezibandayo, njengeNyakatho Melika neCanada.

Njengoba umzimba we-barn Owls unganqunyelwe ekuqongeleleni izinqolobane zamafutha, izinga lokushisa eliphansi impela alifaneleki kulezi zikhova. E-Russia, ungahlangana nezikhova zesilungu kuphela esifundeni saseKaliningrad.

I-Barn Owl endizeni

Izindawo ezinezintaba ezinamawa amakhulu nogwadule lwase-Afrika nazo azinethezekile nge-Owarn barn. Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, le nyoni yathunyelwa ngenkani eCanary, eHawaii naseSeychelles, ngakho-ke manje kunezinhlobo zayo eziningi ezihlala lapho.

IBarn Owls ihlala ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zemvelo nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, noma kunjalo, le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala emathafeni avulekile anehlathi elingajwayelekile futhi kunamachibi amaningi namachibi aseduze.

Ama-Gullies, ama-vacod amaningi, izikhala ezingenamuntu kanye nezindawo zemvelo nakho kuyizindawo eziyintandokazi zezindawo zezikhova. Imvamisa zitholakala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu nezindawo zasemapulazini, ngoba lapha ungahlala uthole ukudla futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinduku ezincane. IMasked Barn Owl noma australian barn Owl azisabalalisi kuphela e-Australia, kepha futhi naseNew South Wales, Tasmania nakwezinye izindawo.

Isikhova esikhulu semaski sisesithombeni.

Izikhova zase-Australia zomgodi zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zazo hhayi nje ngokubukeka kwazo okumnandi, kodwa futhi ngosayizi: izikhova zabesifazane ezibhekwa njengezinkulu kunazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Isikhova esimnyama - Okwamanje isikhathi sesikhathi sithathwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ezifundwe kakhulu, ngoba umsebenzi wawo kwenzeka kwabafileyo ebusuku futhi ufihlekile ekubonweni komuntu. Ihlala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamahlathi eucalyptus, emaphethelweni nasezindalini zaseNew Guinea nengxenye esempumalanga yezwekazi lase-Australia.

Esithombeni isithombe esimnyama somhlambi obandayo

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Isidlaliso esithi "ghost owl" isikhova esibuthelelo satholwa ngekhono laso ukuze sivele ngokushesha ebusweni bomuntu ongabhekile, ngaphandle kokwenza umsindo omncane. Kunombono wokuthi igama lesiRussia elithi "Barn Owl", leli nyoni lazitholela lona izwi elizwakala kancane, elingabethusa umuntu ohamba ngephutha ngephutha ehlathini.

Ngaphezu kwekhono lokuhamba emoyeni buthule, i-owl yesikhova inombono othuthukisiwe kanye nama-receptor okwenziwa ngawo, okukuvumela ukuzingela maphakathi nobusuku, kuqondiswe kahle ebumnyameni obukhuphukayo.

Emini, i-Owl eyisikhonkwane ihlala emgodini, ophahleni noma kwenye indawo yokuhlala ethembekile. UBarn Owl, ukhetha indlela yokuphila yodwa, kepha kulezo zindawo lapho kunenala yokudla, ungabuka amaqembu amancane namaqoqo wezinyoni.

IBarn Owls imatasatasa izungeza insimu yayo, lapho iguqula ukuphakama kwayo kaningi. Ngemuva kokubona isivakashi esingafuneki, isikhova siqala ukwenza ukunyakaza okusongela ukuze sisabise ophikisana naye. Iphephe amaphiko ayo, isibungu sesikhova singakwazi ukuhlasela isitha ngosizo lwamasondo aso aqinile, futhi sethula umlomo waso, sisichwe ngobunono ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa.

Kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka lapho izikhova zesibaya zakha izidleke zazo eduze komuntu: ku-attic yezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezimgodini noma ezakhiweni ezakhiwayo. Endle, lesi sikhova singangena kalula esidlekeni noma emgodini womunye umuntu.

UBarn Owl Chicks

Amantshontsho amancanyana athembele ngokuphelele kubazali bawo, abazondla ngasikhathi sinye. Ekuzalweni, ambozwe nge-fluff emhlophe emhlophe. Uma kwenzeka kubanda kakhulu, isikhova esibayeni asishiyi isidleke nakancane futhi sifudumeza amaphuphu, esiqala ukuzimela ngokuphelele emva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Amachwane asekhulile andiza aye ezindaweni ezintsha futhi athole enye insimu yokuphila nokuzala. Isikhova esibayeni singabonakala ngesikhathi ngisho nam amaphuphu ayi-10, uma izimo zivuma, kepha ngonyaka olambile, njengomthetho, akukho okulindelwe kwamaqanda angaphezu kwama-4.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela yokuziphatha kwamachwane abo akuyona ejwayelekile ezinyoni: zikhombisa ukuzithemba, zenqaba ukudla zivumela labo abalambile kakhulu kunabo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni eziningi, lapho amawundlu edwengula ngokoqobo ukudla komunye nomunye, leli qiniso libangela isasasa elikhulu enyameni efana nesikhova esibayeni. Izithombe zam amaphuphu akhe zibonisa ukuthi zibukeka kanjani lapho zizalwa.

Abazali bayabanakekela ngisho nangemva kokuba amaphuphu abo ephuma endlekeni: bayaqhubeka nokubanakekela futhi babondle kuze kube yilapho sebezimele ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, bafika eminyakeni yezinyanga ezintathu.

Isimo sabantu

IBarn owl kubantu ibilokhu iyisibonakaliso sokuhlakanipha, kepha ngasikhathi sinye baphatha le nyoni ngokwesaba okukhohlisa. Izinkolelo-ze manje sekuyinto yesikhathi esidlule, futhi abantu baya ngokuya bekhombisa intshiseko yangempela ngayo. U-Barn owls wakhuthaza ukwesaba abantu ngenxa yezici zabo ezithile: ubuso obumhlophe obufana nomaskandi, imisindo eyethusayo, futhi ngenxa yomkhuba wale nyoni ukundiza buthule futhi ubukeke buvele phambi komuntu, abantu abawubiza ngokuthi isikhova esikhulu.

IBarn Owl ikakhulukazi idla ngamagundane, ngaleyo ndlela izuzise abantu. Abantu kade balwazisa usizo lwalezi zikhova ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ngekhulu le-17, umkhuba lo wawushubile lapho kwenziwa amawindi akhethekile ezindlini, ezinqolobaneni, ezigayo nakwezinye izakhiwo lapho izikhova ezazingangena ngaphakathi zilimaze namagundane. Ngale ndlela, izinyoni zahlala zondlekile kahle, futhi izinzuzo zabantu zalethwa.

Uma bebona abantu abaseduze, baqala ukuziphatha ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu: bayakhuphuka, baphendukele emilenzeni yabo ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi ngasikhathi sinye babonisa ubuhle obuhlukahlukene. Uma usondela kakhulu kuye, khona-ke, njengomthetho, uyandiza ahambe.

Zingaphi izinqolobane zezikhoba ezihlala?

Ku-vivo, isikhova esikhova singaphila iminyaka eyi-18, kepha lokhu kuyinkomba ephezulu. Eqinisweni, kuvela ukuthi baphila kakhulu okuncane kakhulu - isikhathi sabo sokuphila esiphakathi siyiminyaka emi-2. Kwakunamacala aqoshiwe lapho i-owl isikhova ikwazi ukuhlala esimweni semvelo kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka eyi-17, eNyakatho Melika, inyoni eyayithunjiwe yafa ineminyaka engu-11,5, kodwa eNgilandi kwaphuka irekhodi - inyoni yayihlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-22.

Sikhulume ngenyoni ethokozisayo efana nesikhova esibayeni, ngemikhuba yayo nokuthi ilusizo kanjani kubantu. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezinguquko ezikhona emvelweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zaseYurophu, inani le-barn Owl lehla. Futhi, kunamacala ajwayelekile okufa kwezinyoni ngenxa yokushayisana nezimoto emigwaqweni. Njengamanje, i-barn Owl iyinyoni, ebhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu emazweni amaningi aseMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kuye kwehla ngokushesha inani layo.

UBarn Owl

IBarn Owl yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ekhaya nasemvelweni. Ingatholwa eduze kwamaxhaphozi namachibi e-Ukraine, eBelarus naseMoldova.

Indawo ehlala kuyo yiMiddle East, eNyakatho Afrika, iziqhingi zaseCanary. Izinyoni zithule. Bakhala kakhulu lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana. Bangakwazi ukudonsa umoya bese behlwitha, beveza imizwa:

• izinyoni ezinkulu. Ubude bemizimba yabo bungafinyelela ku-40 cm. Isici esingahlukaniyo sazo zonke izikhova ezingama-Owls iyi-disc yobuso ebunjiwe. Inesimo senhliziyo. Ebantwini bohlobo olujwayelekile, izimpaphe ebusweni zimhlophe. Inhliziyo iboshwe ngentambo emnyama,
• ikhanda likhulu. Inyoni ungayishintsha ngo-270. Azikho izindlebe zezimpaphe ekhanda. Okuhlukile yi-mask karnba kamaskhi,
• izimbobo zezindlebe zitholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kepha zi-asymmetrical. Imbobo eyodwa isezingeni lemehlo, enye iseduze komlomo. Lokhu kulungiswa kwezitho zokuzwa kuvumela izinyoni ukubona amaza omsindo ebanzi,
• Amehlo makhulu, u-iris onsundu onsundu. Imichilo yombala we-ocher ivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwamehlo,
• ingulube yesikhova inkulu, kepha ifihlekile ngaphansi kwephunga eliminyene,
• izikhova zinemilenze enamandla kakhulu; Amaphayi embozwe phansi awugqinsi
• izindebe zinde, zilingana ngobude. Imikhawulo igobile ngaphakathi. Ezikweletini, izikhova ezivamile zomqando zinamachashazi emunwe wesithathu. Lapho uhlala ekhaya nalapho uxhumana nesilwane esifuywayo, kuyadingeka ukuvikela izandla ngamagilavu ​​amade enziwe ngendwangu eminyene nangobukhulu,
• ingxenye yokhanda, intamo, emuva kanye namaphiko e-ocher hue emnyama. Intamo, isifuba nesisu kumhlophe. I-fluff ithambile kakhulu, iqinile. Izicucu ezincane ezimnyama zihlukile ngemuva kwesizinda esimhlophe.

IBarn Owls ithanda indawo ephansi. Azindizela emahlathini aminyene. Abantu ababodwa banomqondo munye. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, insikazi ihlela isidleke ukwenza ukubekwa.

Isikhathi sokufuya sincike endaweni yokuhlala yezinyoni. Emahlathini ashisayo, abantu balinda lapho kuphela isizini eyomile. Ezindaweni zesimo sezulu lapho kushiwo khona izinkathi zonyaka, isikhathi sokuzalela isikhova siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Lapho bondla izinyoni, baklebhula isidumbu sesilwane basigwinye ngamaqhekeza amancane. Kanye nenyama, badla isikhumba, uboya noma izimpaphe. Amakati abiliswa ngendlela efanayo. Izinhlayiya zokudla ezingadonswa ngumzimba, izinyoni ziyaqhuma. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi yizimfumbe. Zitholakala esidlekeni. Lapho ugcina umhlambi wasekhaya we-Owl, leli qiniso kufanele libhekwe. Izimbambo zisuswa masinyane ukuze zingaboli.

Imvamisa, izinsikazi zihlala ezidlekeni ezindala, izinyoni ezingenalutho, imigodi elahliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhova ziya endlini yomuntu bese zihlela indawo yokubeka egumbini. IClutch ingaba namaqanda ama-4-7.

Banesimo esiyindilinga. Igobolondo liqinile, limhlophe. Amachwane amantombazane hatches. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-34.

IBarn Owls ivame ukusiza amachwane ukuba azalwe. Owesifazane uphula igobolondo ngomlomo wakhe, ususa igobolondo ngokucophelela ukuze enze i-owlet ilunge kakhudlwana. Ngokushesha abazali baqala ukondla amaphuphu avele. Ziletha amagundane nezinkukhu. Izingcezu ezincane zihlukaniswa nesidumbu futhi zifakwe emilonyeni yamawundlu.

Ukondla kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ezinyangeni ezimbili, izikhova ziqala ukundiza ziphume esidlekeni. Imvamisa iwela otshanini obukhulu noma esihlahleni. Abakwazi ukuthola indlela eya esidlekeni. Ngokusho kokukhala kwabo, abazali bahlala bethola izilwane ezincane futhi zilethe ukudla.

Ezinyangeni ezintathu, izikhova ziba nokuzimela ngokuphelele. IBarn Owls akuzona izinyoni zenhlalo. Bahlala bodwa. Bakha ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Izikhova zaseBarn zidla ngamagundane amancane, amagundane, izibankwa namachwane amancane. Bazingela ntambama. Umhlaseli unyuka egqumeni futhi ulandelela inyamazane. Akathandi ukujaha izinduku. Isikhova sikhetha umzuzwana ukuze sigxume futhi sibambe igundane noma isidleke.

Ezinye izinhlobo

Ngaphezu kwesibanda i-Owl ekhaya, kunezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zomndeni wesikhova. Emahlathini emvula aseMadagascar, kuhlala iMadagascar ebomvu noma i-herbal barn. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile, le nyoni iphila ngendlela yobusuku. Incane, ubude bayo bungama-21 cm, inesisindo esingu-400 g.

Umbala oyinhloko we-plumage ubomvu ngoku-buffy ngokubomvu ngemisipha emnyama nokukhanya. Ukukhanya kwesifuba nesisu esinamabala amnyama. I-disc yangaphambili yakhiwa izimpaphe ezimfishane ezingwevu. Umhlanga unombala onsundu.Le nyoni ikhala kancane, kepha ingakhipha isikhathi eside.

UGolden Barn Owl uhlala ePapua New Guinea. Le nyoni iyivelakancane, kepha iyabonakala ema-zoo. Ubukhulu bawo buyi-33 cm, isisindo esingama-250 g. Abantu abahlukaniswa umbala omuhle wepeni.

Zinezimpaphe zegolide emaphikweni nemivimbo esifubeni. Umbala wonke u-ocher onamabala amnyama aqoqwe ngephethini. Isikhova sobusuku. Kuyadingeka ukunaka lokhu.

Abathandi bemvelo bangathola isikhova esimnyama sakwaTaliban. Akekho ebusuku, ukubukeka kwamademoni. I-plumage emuva kanye namaphiko imnyama ngocezu olumhlophe. I-disc yobuso, intamo, isifuba nesisu zine-ash grey hue.

Abantu bakhona bakhulu, bangaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ubude futhi banesisindo esingu-1,2 kg. Izimpiko nomsila zimfushane. Isikhova sinezimpondo ezinamandla nezindilinga. Kufanele unakekelwe ngokukhethekile.

Ekhaya, iCape Barn Owl ivame ukutholakala. Kubukeka njengohlobo olujwayelekile, kepha olukhulu, lunombala omnyama obomvu. Izikhova ziyasebenza ebusuku. Ekamelweni lakhe ungamfaki igoqo.

Inyoni iyaqhubeka emhlabathini. Uzihlelela imigudu yotshani. Ngesikhova sasekhaya, babeka inqwaba yotshani lapho kuzokwenza umgodi opholile. Ubude bomzimba ongu-42 cm, isisindo esingu-500 g.

Iqukethe kanjani?

Abanikazi barn Owls bathi abadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nezimo ezinzima. Emakhejini wezinyoni musa ukubeka. Babekelwe amakamelo ahlukile. Emakamelweni lungiselela umbhede we-hay, oguqulwa nsuku zonke.

Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwanele, kepha kwezinye izikhova udinga ukufaka isiphunzi ngesimbobo. Ohlelweni lwezinkukhu zezinkukhu. Ngaphansi kwabo kusetha imigqomo kadoti.

Izinyoni zinokuxhumana okukhulu. Bangabiza umuntu ozondla naye ukuthi azodlala. Ngaso leso sikhathi zikhala kakhulu. Isifiso somuntu ngamunye akufanele singanakwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhova sizolwa nomnyango ukuze siphume:

• i-barn owl ekhaya idinga ukudla okuthile,
• kokondla sebenzisa amagundane nsuku zonke, izinkukhu, ama-hamsters,
• Kanye ngesonto, kwethulwa izinhlanzi zasemfuleni,
• kwesinye isikhathi zinika izinambuzane, kepha hhayi bonke abantu bathanda ukuzidla,
• uma isilwane singenakho ukuhamba, khona-ke kufanele kufakwe uwoyela wezinhlanzi ekudleni,
• ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo zijabulela ukudla ngamapheya, ubhanana, ama-sitrobheli, kepha lokhu akuyona ukudla okuyinhloko,
• isikhova esidala sidla amagundane ama-2 nezinkukhu ezi-2 ngosuku,
• amanzi asele esizindeni somphakathi. Kuthululelwa esitsheni esivulekile. Isilwane asiphuzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi siyageza. Amanzi ethangini aguqulwa nsuku zonke.

UBarn Owl udinga ukuhamba. Ukuze ingandize ibuye, kunconywa ukuthenga izinto eziqinisa emasondweni, kanye nokuqina okude. Inamathele kokufakwa.

Njengomthwali, kusetshenziswa ikheji elibanzi, elimbozwe ngendwangu eminyene. Faka isilwane endle, kuya ngesikhathi sokwenza kwalo.